CA2684598A1 - Well servicing modular combination unit - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates, generally, to the treatment of oil and gas wells using fluids to increase the production capability of the wells, and more specifically, to providing for treatment of oil and gas wells with a means and apparatus that combines multiple modules- which may include: coiled tubing, nitrogen generation, fluid pumping, blending tanks, wireline inspection, and other modules- into a single unit. Modules may be configured on a truck for onshore use, and un-pinned and configured for Offshore use.

Description

WELL SERVICING MODULAR COMBINATION UNIT
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of US Provisional Patent Application 60/925,431 5entitled "WELL SERVICING MODULAR COMBINATION UNIT", filed 19 April 2007 at the USPTO, which is herein incorporated by reference. This application claims the benefit of US Provisional Patent Application 60/926,517 entitled "MODULAR WELL SERVICING UNIT", filed 29 April 2007 at the USPTO, which is herein incorporated by reference.

[001 ]FIELD

This invention relates, generally, to the treatment of oil and gas wells using fluids to increase the production capability of the wells, and more specifically, to providing for 15treatment of oil and gas wells with a means and apparatus that combines multiple modules- which may include: coiled tubing, nitrogen generation, fluid pumping, blending tanks, wireline inspection, and other modules- into a single unit.
Modules may be configured on a truck for onshore use, and un-pinned and configured for Offshore use.

[002]

[003]BACKGROUND
It is known in the art to use self-powered units to provide wireline inspection and 25workover operations using gaseous nitrogen to remove sand and/or water or other impediments to production of oil and gas wells. The prior art has not recognized that a single, relatively small, engineless unit requiring minimal set-up/take-down time can be provided with all of the equipment and accessories for tapping into an onsite power source to run a combined and integrated system that may include one or more of the 30following: coiled tubing unit, nitrogen generator, fluid pumps, blending tanks, and wireline inspection unit, or other units.

The prior art equivalent typically brings as many as five transportation units (tractor-trailers, barges, or boats) to the well to be treated, one having a coil tubing unit; one having either. a;liquid nitrogen tank or a large footprint nitrogen generation unit; one having the nitrogen pumping unit; one high pressure pumping unit for acids and other 5chemicals; and a separate wireline unit. Alternatively, the prior art may have a very large boat or barge with multiple units, each with its own power source.
Separate, dedicated power sources for each unit drastically increases the mass and volume that must be transported. Current power packs are horsepower limited, which limits the equipment that each can drive. Conventionally, each of the five units above has its 10own engine. Even with a hydraulic power manifold to drive multiple units from a single engine, the horsepower limits how many can be integrated. The requirement for multiple (or much larger) transportation units increases the transportation costs, time, and personnel required to bring the units to the well and run these services.

United States Provisional Patent application 60/699759 teaches a single, relatively 15small, self-powered unit with all of the equipment and accessories for running a nitrogen generation system and pressure pumping clien~icals.to treat wells.
~i== , United States Patent 6,230,805 (Vercaemer) teaches a method of hydraulic fracturing in which at least two separate fracturing fluid components are pumped downhole-one of said components being pumped downhole within coiled tubing- but does not teach 20how to accomplish this with a single compact unit in which all equipment is powered by an onsite engine and that also provides for the coil tubing operation and wireline inspection.

United StateshPatent 6,273,188 (McCafferty) teaches a trailer mounted coiled tubing rig.

25United States~)'atent'6,702,011, also by the present inventors, teaches a combined nitrogen treatment'system and coiled tubing system in one tractor/trailer apparatus. A
single- tractor-trailer unit is provided, in which the tractorjtself drives a plurality of hydraulic~ motorslhat control the pumps and motors associated with a nitrogen system that is used for injecting nitrogen into a well. A crane unit and a coiled tubing 30injection unit are also provided. Unlike the present invention, no disclosure is made for the provision of wireline inspection, well servicing fluid tanks, mixers, and pumps.

Unlike the present invention, the preferred type of nitrogen system is tanks of liquid nitrogen, although an alternative mode is disclosed in which the liquid nitrogen system is replaced with one or more nitrogen generators that gather nitrogen from the earth's atmosphere. However, it was not disclosed, as in the present invention, that the 5nitrogen could be mixed with well servicing fluids provided by the same unit.

PCT Application US2004/034521 teaches a three in-one nitrogen treatment system, fluid system, and coiled tubing system in one unit. A single tractor-trailer or marine unit is provided, but unlike the engineless present invention, an onboard engine drives a plurality of hydraulic motors that control the pumps and motors associated with a lOnitrogen system and a fluid system that is used for injecting nitrogen and fluid into a well. Like the present invention, a coil tubing system is also provided. The only means disclosed for pumping fluid to the well is through the coil tubing system and no disclosure is made for the injection of well servicing fluids directly into the well, and no fluid blending tank is disclosed. Also, no means for wireline inspection is 15provided.

The off-shore prior art that has the same functionality as the present invention is larger, more expensive, and requires either multiple barges or ships-necessitating additional time and expense for set up and take down of ship to ship plumbing-or a larger, more expensive barge or ship that has a deeper draft and can therefore depart 20from and reach fewer locations.

The primary object of this present invention is to provide a small engineless unit that can be placed on a single small barge or ship or a single tractor-trailer or marsh buggy and use an onsite power supply to provide wireline inspection, coil tubing operations, and nitrogen generation and pump a combination of high pressure nitrogen and acids 25or other chemicals into wells. The configuration of the present invention on a marsh buggy could be nearly identical to the configuration on a boat or barge.
Combination of multiple units such as a wireline, coil tubing unit, nitrogen generator with fluid pumping and mixing on a single transportation unit and all powered by an external power source through a single onboard custom hydraulic manifold is not known in the 30prior art to the best of the inventor's knowledge.

[004]The primary object of the present invention is to provide a modular well servicing unit that can be placed on a single tractor-trailer, amphibious vehicle, or a small barge or ship.

5The approaches described in this section are approaches that could be pursued, but not necessarily approaches that have been previously conceived or pursued.
Therefore, unless otherwise indicated, it should not be assumed that any of the approaches described in this section qualify as prior art merely by virtue of their inclusion in this section.

SUMMARY
A single well servicing combination unit comprising: a hydraulic manifold removably 15connectable to the power-take-off of a power source to drive a plurality of hydraulic pumps and motors that control a plurality of well servicing modules that are removably mounted on said combination unit, said well servicing modules being interconnectable by plumbing.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become better understood when the following detailed description is read with 25reference to the accompanying drawings in which like characters represent like parts throughout the drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a top view diagram of the lay out of a 105 class jack-up boat with a custom hydraulic manifold, wireline inspection module, coil tubing module, crane, mixing tank module, storage tank module, fluid pump with power pack, operator 5console module, and nitrogen generation module, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an elevated, block diagram side view of the deck of the boat from FIG.

1, that shows a nitrogen generation module that is connected to the discharge line at a 10tee, and storage, mixing, and pumping modules for well servicing fluid connected to said discharge line at said tee, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 illustrates, in block diagram, the various systems that are used in accordance 15with the present invention to treat a well with nitrogen and well servicing fluid, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a pictorial view of three nitrogen generator modules, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a pictorial view of a module using membrane technology to pull gaseous nitrogen out of the atmosphere, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing control and power interfaces between a coil tubing deployment module, an injector head module, a well control stack module, and other modules comprising a well intervention servicing unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 shows component layout of a control panel from an Operator Control Module in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of system and component interfaces of a well servicing 10unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 shows an embodiment of the present invention configured for land use in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 shows a table of interface standards to govern connections between the 15Operator Control Module and other modules within a well intervention servicing unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

The preferred embodiment of the present invention is a well intervention servicing unit, comprising a plurality of modules and components. Preferably, the interfaces between modules comprising a well intervention servicing unit are standardized so 10that modules that comprise a unit can be disconnected from each other and reconnected to each other and/or other units to comprise an onshore configuration or an offshore configuration of a well intervention servicing unit.

The well intervention servicing unit is the entire package of equipment delivered.
15 Example configurations:

= a well intervention servicing unit Unit comprising a Coil tubing module, a nitrogen module, a truck power pack module, and the hardware for sharing power between these modules, or = an OFFSHORE well intervention servicing unit comprising a marine mobile 20 power pack module, a coil tubing module, a nitrogen module and hardware for sharing power between these modules.

A "Module" can be any of the removably connectable major parts of the well intervention servicing unit Examples comprise but are not limited to:

25 = Coil Tubing Modules, = Nitrogen Modules, = Operator Control Module, = power pack modules that may comprise a truck engine for onshore or a Marine Mobile power pack for offshore, and = a Wireline Module.

A Component is a sub part of a Module. This specification defines components only to the extent necessary for manufacturing or operational flexibility.

Examples comprise but are not limited to:
= Pumps, = Cranes, = Valves, = Flow back tank, = Gas buster, = Treating lies and flow back lines, = Cement pumper and cement tanks, = Sand blender and sand injector, = Down hole motors removably mountable on end of coiled tubing, = Pulling tools mountable on end of coiled tubing strings, = Hydro blast tool, = Flow Back Package: flow back iron, choke manifold, tank with gas buster, and = Gauges.

The well intervention servicing unit's architecture allows the insertion of different servicing modules -such as a coiled tubing module, a self-generating nitrogen module, and servicing fluid pumps- when ordering future well intervention servicing units without redesign of other Modules (i.e., operator control module, transportation 5modules, and power packs).

The well intervention servicing unit's architecture and design documentation allow substitution of major Modules and Components supplied by one manufacturer with Modules and Components meeting the same specifications supplied by another 10manufacturer to take advantage of shorter lead times. A system integrator approach is enabled by complete modularity. Every piece of well intervention equipment becomes a Module to be "integrated" into a working unit. This gives a user flexibility of design without sacrificing producibility of design (manufacturability - standards) and has direct impact on the depot maintenance program and reduces the number of different 15spare parts in inventory (Standardization). These represent cost of operations advantages.

This specification uses the terms "vendor" and "manufacturer" interchangeably.
20Referring now to FIG. 1, a top view of jack-up boat 10 having either a gasoline engine or a diesel engine is illustrated. Removably mounted on the boat deck 30 is a nitrogen generator module 31 (also shown in FIG. 4) that extracts nitrogen from the atmosphere to eliminate the need for (and the associated cost of) transporting and filling nitrogen tanks. Removably mounted to boat deck 30 are chemical storage tank 25modules 42 that supply chemicals to blending tank modules 50 where the chemicals are mixed. The mixed chemicals flow to the well servicing fluid pump module 48.
The mixed chemicals may flow through the coil tubing 82, 55 to the well head.
Wireline inspection module 52 is removably mounted to deck 30. Also removably mounted on the deck 30 is control cabin module 34 in which the electrical and 5hydraulic modules 36 are controlled by a human operator. The crane module 46 may be welded to the boat or platform deck 30. Components are described in greater detail in the description of FIG. 2 below.

Referring now to FIG. 2, a diagram of a jack-up boat 10 is illustrated.
Removably l Omounted on the boat deck 30 is a custom hydraulic manifold 70 that distributes power from a power source 200 to all engineless modules on deck 30- nitrogen air feed module 32, injector module 44, crane module 46, well servicing pump module 48, blending tank module 50, and Wireline module 52. Removably mounted on deck 30 is a feed air system 32 that is connected to nitrogen membranes 33. Together, the feed 15air system 32 and nitrogen membranes 33 function as a nitrogen generator module 31 (also shown in FIG. 4) that extracts nitrogen from the atmosphere to eliminate the need for (and the associated cost of) transporting and filling nitrogen tanks.
In the preferred embodiment, nitrogen generator module 31 utilizes a membrane 33 (also shown in detail in FIG. 5) that allows nitrogen-rich air from the earth's atmosphere to 20be continuously fed into the bundle housing. The air reaches the center of the bundle of membrane fibers which, at that point, consists mostly of gaseous nitrogen.
The nitrogen collects in the mandrel at the center of the bundle. As the air passes through the bundle of membrane fibers, the oxygen and other fast gases pass through the wall of the membrane fibers as the fast gases go through to be collected at the end.

25Oxygen, water vapor, and the other fast gases are continuously collected and are moved from the bundle, thus leaving the nitrogen available to be used for injection into the well being treated. This occurs at near ambient pressure and temperature. It is an advantage of this embodiment that large volumes of nitrogen can be provided at the well site to be pumped into the well, without the need to transport that entire 5volume in either liquid or gaseous form to the well site. The nitrogen generator modules 31 of the preferred embodiment accomplish this nitrogen generation with a smaller footprint than any prior art the inventor knows. The nitrogen then flows to the nitrogen booster compressor 38 that then compresses the dry nitrogen to the desired pressure. The nitrogen will then be pumped to the tee 39 where it mixes with a fluid 10or a fluid mix, such as an acid, and then the resulting mixture enters the discharge line 41. The nitrogen in the discharge line may be either liquid or gas. Removably mounted to boat deck 30 are chemical storage tank modules 42 that supply chemicals to blending tanks 50 where the chemicals are mixed. The mixed chemicals flow first to the centrifugal pump 47 and then to the well servicing fluid pump module 48. The 15mixed chemicals flow to the tee 39 where the mixed chemicals mix with nitrogen and the resulting mixture flows into the discharge line 41. From the discharge line 41 the resulting mixture can flow directly to the well head or through the coil tubing 55 to the well head. An injector module 44, also described in more detail hereinafter, is situated on the boat deck. A hydraulically driven crane module 46 is also situated on 20the boat deck for situating the coiled tubing injector module 44 immediately.above the well being treated. A hose reel module 45 and a coiled tubing reel module 55 are situated on the deck 30. A goose neck module 53 is also situated on the deck adjacent the coiled tubing injector module 44 for feeding the coiled tubing from the reel into the injector. A stripper 54 is located on the lower end of the coiled tubing 25injector system 44 for enabling the coiled tubing 55 to be placed into the well being treated. A blow out preventer module 56 is also located on the boat deck to be used in shutting in the well to be treated, if needed. Wireline inspection module 52 is removably mounted to deck 30. Also removably mounted on the deck 30 is a control cabin 34 in which the electrical 36 (not shown) and hydraulic modules 70 are 5controlled by a human operator. Power sources 200 for hydraulic modules 70 may comprise marine mobile power packs removably mounted on marine units, truck power packs, or external power sources.

It should be appreciated that each module and component from FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 can l Obe dismounted from any boat or truck/tractor-trailer and removably mounted onto any other boat or truck/tractor-trailer. This feature allows marine units to be converted to land units and vice versa. Modules and components may likewise be removably mounted on amphibious transports and static platforms to comprise amphibious or static units. On a tractor-trailer unit, modules and components may be removably 15mounted on either the tractor or the trailer. The trailer bed of a tractor-trailer unit, the deck of an amphibious transport, and a static platform all function like the boat deck of a marine unit.

An advantage that embodiments of the present invention have over the prior art is that 20modules and components may be allocated to whatever use is most efficient.
If demand is greater for marine units, modules and components of land units may accordingly be converted to marine use. Likewise, when land use is preferable modules and components of marine units may be converted to land use. For example, during and shortly after hurricanes, when marine units cannot be used, modules and components from marine units can be converted to land use and be put to productive use throughout this time period.

For a tractor-trailer unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, 5prime mover 70 is obviously and desirably located on the tractor, and the nitrogen generation system and well servicing fluid system are preferably located on the trailer, most of modules and components can be removably mounted on either the tractor and/or the trailer as desired. It should be noted that all of the modules and components comprising a unit can be located on a combined tractor/trailer configuration that does 10not require the use of either another tractor or another, separately towed trailer. A
single land unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention may also comprise multiple trailers pulled by a single truck or tractor. Crane modules may be welded to trailers to form trailer-crane modules.

15A wireline module in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention may be either a slickline or an electric line. A wireline module in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention may further comprise downhole tools such as any of the following: a torque motor, a down stroke hammer with jars for bi-directional fishing, a flow release spear, an external slip connector, a bit, a mill, a 20solids filter, or a dual flapper blowout prevention valve.

Referring now to FIG. 3, there is illustrated in block diagram some of the components that are illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2.

The nitrogen air feed module 32 has its output connected into the input of a hydraulic pump 90. The custom hydraulic manifold 70, which may be connected to either a gasoline powered or diesel powered external power source or marine mobile power pack 200, has a return line 74. A hydraulic pump 90 is connected into a hydraulic 5motor 92 that is used to drive the return line 74.

A hydraulic pump 95 is connected into a hydraulic motor 98 that is used to drive the chains of the injector module 44 that can either move the coiled tubing into the well being treated or pull the coiled tubing out of the well being treated, as desired, 10depending on the direction of the chain rotation.

Another hydraulic pump 100 drives a motor 102 to drive the crane 46 illustrated in FIG. 2.

Another hydraulic pump 110 drives a motor 112 to power the well servicing pump 48, 15which is illustrated in FIG. 2.

Another hydraulic pump 116 drives a motor 118 to power the blending tank modules 50, which are illustrated in FIG. 2.

Another hydraulic pump 122 drives a motor 124 to power the wireline inspection modufe 52, which is illustrated in FIG. 2.

201t should be appreciated that from the power-take-off of a power source 200, a custom hydraulic manifold distributes power to each of the modules. Said power source with a power-take-off 200 routed through custom hydraulic manifold 70 drives each of the hydraulic pumps 90, 95, 100, 110, 116 and 122 as shown by the line 105. Coming off of the custom hydraulic manifold 70, the hydraulic pumps 90, 95, 100, 110, 116 and 25122 are preferably driven by one or more belts that can be used with clutch pulleys as desired. The compressor module 108 is also driven by the custom hydraulic manifold 70 via the drive line 105 to bring the nitrogen down to its desired temperature. By using a power-take-off on the vessel (rig, platform, work boat, tug boat, or jack up barge) that is already on site, that power source 200, with over 1000 horsepower 5available, can drive more machines than a less powerful onboard source could.

The preferred embodiment of the present invention can operate with a separate land or marine external power source. As long as the preferred embodiment of the present invention can avail itself of an adequate power source it can do all of the following well servicing, including but not limited to:

10- Completions, - Workovers, - Underbalanced drilling, - Well servicing, - Enhanced oil recovery, 15- Industrial plant degassing and purging, - Mining, - Purging pipelines with nitrogen, - Deepwater marine applications, - LNG & LPG tanks and facilities, 20- Nitrogen lifting, specifically the lifting of fluids from wells when the well does not have sufficient pressure (insufficient bottom hole pressure for production).

- Nitrified Acid, - Nitrogen Displacement, - Pipeline testing, 25- Tubing testing, - Acidizing, - Cleanouts, - Fix sanding up, - Paraffins, 5- Foam wash, - Jet with nitrogen, - Nitrify acid, - Nitrogen inhibitor, and - Wireline inspection.

One advantage of an embodiment of the present invention is that it makes it possible to do with one unit and a single power source what previously required multiple separate powered units- a wireline inspection unit, a coiled tubing unit, a liquid nitrogen tank transport means, a powered unit with a high pressure pumping system 15for other chemicals and acids, and a unit with a nitrogen pumping means.
Because an embodiment of the present invention allows one unit to do what once required several powered units connected together with the requisite hoses and plumbing, the time and expense of plumbing rig-up is avoided. Disconnecting and stowing all of the plumbing after completion is also avoided, saving additional time and labor.
Where 20the prior art would have taken several units and several days (for set-up, inspection, well treatment, and disassembly), the preferred embodiment of the present invention can do the same job with one unit in one day. The present invention saves the trouble and expense of transporting multiple separate power sources to the site, each of which takes up over sixty square feet of deck space, allowing this combined unit to be 25smaller and cheaper than any prior art equivalent. The smallest existing vessel with a coil tubing unit is a 175 class boat, yet an embodiment of the present invention with an integrated coil tubing module along with four other integrated modules can be placed on a single 105 class boat. The deck load of the prior art equivalent would be about 150,000 pounds, yet an embodiment of the present invention has a deck load of 5only about 50,000 pounds, allowing operations in shallower water. The danger of transporting liquid nitrogen, which is an explosion hazard, is also avoided.
Hazards associated with running plumbing and hoses from boat to boat are also avoided, and fewer personnel are required. As far as the inventor knows, the preferred embodiment of the present invention has a smaller footprint and lighter weight than any functional l Oequivalent.

An embodiment of the present invention comprising a nitrogen generation module is advantageous in remote locations where liquid nitrogen is rare and expensive, or extremely difficult to transport to the well head.

15An embodiment of the present invention is well suited for off shore use.
Because of a marine unit embodiment's small footprint, an embodiment of the present invention allows replacement of large, expensive vessels with much smaller and cheaper barges or ships that have shallower drafts.

201t should be noted that while the embodiment described so far is powered by a prime mover such as a marine mobile power pack, the invention can also be removably mounted on and use the engine of a truck power pack and is equally suited for on shore use. An embodiment of the present invention may be trailered on land, to replace as many as five separate units and realize similar time and cost savings.

Another embodiment of the present invention comprises an onshore-offshore convertible well intervention servicing unit Combination Coiled Tubing and Cryogenic Nitrogen Unit with the option of a Self-Generating Nitrogen Module, though nitrogen tank modules can also serve as a nitrogen source.

An embodiment of the present invention configured for land use could comprise:
a Truck Power Pack and a crane-trailer module loaded, having modules removably mounted thereon such as: an Operator Control Module, Coiled Tubing Deployment Module, Injector Head Module, Well Control Stack and Blow Out Preventer Module, 10and Nitrogen Generation Module to and from well servicing sites. At well servicing sites, the Truck Power Pack will power the servicing equipment.

An advantage of the present invention is that customer-furnished equipment can be provided to be integrated into the Well Intervention Unit, allowing a high degree of 15customization and cost savings. Changes to the unit configuration can be made much later in the manufacturing/assembly process, or even after the unit is in use in the field.

20 Reconfiguration between on-shore and off-shore jobs This well intervention servicing unit can be deployed for both on-shore and off-shore jobs:

The onshore subset of this well intervention servicing unit is a truck power pack that tows all servicing modules removably mounted on a crane trailer to the job site and then powers the servicing equipment on the job site.

An offshore embodiment of the present invention can comprise a well 5intervention servicing unit comprising an operator control module and servicing modules removed from a unit's onshore crane trailer module plus a marine mobile power pack. These modules can be transported by truck to a port and then transported by boat to an offshore oil platform. On the offshore oil platform, a marine mobile power pack module can supply all power required for the well intervention servicing l0unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention..

By itself, the marine mobile power pack can be used as a backup or substitute for a well intervention unit's power source.

Reconfiguration for Different Well-Servicing Functions In the onshore configuration, the well intervention servicing unit can be augmented by an independently-powered fluid pump (customer-furnished) to deliver servicing fluid or nitrified servicing fluid into the well.

In the offshore configuration, the well intervention servicing unit provides fluid 20pumping from its Marine Mobile Power Pack to deliver servicing fluid or nitrified servicing fluid into the well.

The well intervention servicing unit can be reconfigured for different well-servicing functions at the maintenance depot level. The cryogenic liquid nitrogen module can be replaced by or augmented by a fluid servicing pump without modifying the 25operator control module.

In embodiments of the present invention, to facilitate modularity the' a single set of interface standards should be universal throughout all of the well intervention servicing units.. These interface standards govern connections between the Operator 5Control Module and other modules within the well intervention servicing unit.
An example of such a set of interface standards is shown in the table from FIG.
10.
FUNCTIONAL AND PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

Nitrogen Delivery A well intervention servicing unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention will preferably provide nitrogen at a discharge pressure ranging from 0-7500 pounds per square inch gauge and at an operator-controllable flow rate ranging from 0-850 standard cubic feet per minute, while maintaining the discharge 15temperature at 10 F above ambient.

Onshore Configuration In the onshore configuration, the well intervention servicing unit will preferably transfer servicing fluid from an independently-powered, customer-furnished source to 20the well via 2-inch pipe with 1502 Hammer unions compatible with well-servicing fluids.

Offshore configuration In the offshore configuration, the well intervention servicing unit will preferably 5pressurize and transfer servicing fluid from a customer-furnished source to the well via the coiled tubing at an operator-controllable flow rate ranging from 0 to 50 gallons per minute and a pressure ranging from 0-5000 pounds per square inch gauge.
TRANSPORTABILITY REQUIREMENTS

lOIn between well interventions by a well servicing unit configured for land use in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the Truck Power Pack will tow the well intervention servicing unit trailer (comprising for example: a crane trailer loaded with an Operator Control Module, Coiled Tubing Deployment Module, and Nitrogen Module) to and from well servicing sites.

15A well servicing unit configured for land use in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention should preferably be capable of travel over a wide range of roads, paved and unpaved, between well-servicing jobs. Preferably,a well intervention servicing unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention should be configured for transportation to minimize need for special permits in 20onshore and offshore configurations.

At well servicing sites, the well intervention servicing unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention can operate beyond its transportation envelope with an operator-extended crane and other extensions such as coolers or open 25ventilation doors.

A well intervention servicing unit, module, or component in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention may be shipped overseas.

5Well intervention servicing modules in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention can be installed onto the Onshore Transport Trailer Module with cranes or forklifts.

Onshore 10A well intervention servicing unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention can provide self-contained onshore transportation for the onshore configuration. An embodiment of the onshore configuration typically comprises all modules except the offshore marine mobile power pack, transportation skid kit, and hose basket with offshore hose bundle.

A well intervention servicing unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention in an onshore transportation configuration, should preferably have a total height less than 13 feet, 6 inches. In transport mode, a well intervention servicing unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention shall weigh no more than 2020,000 pounds per axle multiplied by the number of axles when loaded with tubing.
Total unit weight (wet) shall preferably not exceed 140,000 pounds.

A well intervention servicing unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention in an onshore transportation configuration, the well intervention servicing 25unit should preferably have a total width of less than 8 feet, 6 inches.

A well intervention servicing unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention in an onshore transportation configuration, should preferably have a total length of less than 64 feet.

Offshore A marine mobile power pack module in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention should preferably be transportable onshore on trucks.

10A well intervention servicing unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention should preferably comprise skids for offshore transportation configuration weighing no more than 18,500 pounds each, except for the coil tubing drum loaded with coil tubing in its transportation skid. Coil tubing reels may, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, range in size from 48 inches to 168 inches in 15diameter.

A well intervention servicing unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention in the offshore configuration, should preferably weigh less than 85,000 pounds including one full cryogenic nitrogen storage vessel and 10,000 feet of 1'/4"
20coil tubing.

Onshore To Offshore Conversion A well intervention servicing unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present 25invention should preferably be designed so that the following modules and components can be removed from its onshore transportation trailer for separate transport to an offshore site:

- operator control module - coil tubing deployment module 5- cryogenic liquid nitrogen module except cryogenic liquid nitrogen storage vessel.

To illustrate an advantage of units in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a realistic goal for onshore to offshore conversion is completion in 8 hours l0using a three-person operations crew and the following equipment:

- customer-furnished forklift, - customer-furnished crane, - Transportation Skid Kit included with the a well intervention servicing unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, and 15- Hose Reel Skid included with the well intervention servicing unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

Offshore to Onshore Conversion 20To illustrate an advantage of units in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a realistic goal for onshore to offshore conversion is completion within twentyfour hours using a three-person operations crew and the following equipment:
- customer-furnished forklift - customer-furnished crane - Transportation Skid Kit included with the well intervention servicing unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention - Hose Reel Skid included with the well intervention servicing unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

AVAILABILITY AND RELIABILITY

Overall well intervention servicing unit availability is a function of the well intervention servicing unit reliability and maintenance and logistics systems.
"Availability" is defined as the well intervention servicing unit being ready for transit 10between well-servicing sites and for performing well-servicing activities.
Increasing availability of units minimizes maintenance down time and increases utilization rate.
By keeping modules at the depot in inventory, a "broken" module is simply replaced by a certified working module. This keeps a unit in service more days per month but with no additional fixed costs (such as crew, etc.). Taking this maintenance approach 15improves unit availability (utilization).

WELL INTERVENTION SERVICING UNIT MAINTAINABILITY
REQUIREMENTS

A well intervention servicing unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present 20invention should preferably provide well services for 12 hours without refueling.

An advantage of a unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is that failure of certain modules or components will not render the entire unit nonfunctional, since modules and components can be replaced in the shop or in the 25field.

GROWTH REQUIREMENTS

A well intervention servicing unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention should preferably incorporate provision for a modules or components 5coming later consistent with the interface requirement,also known as hardware "scars", for the post-deployment addition of additional modules or components.
Namely, for a well servicing fluid pump integrated into the onshore configuration, an operator control module fluid pump control should be provided.

WELL INTERVENTION SERVICiNG UNIT ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN
CONSTRAINTS

MODULE DEFINITION

15A well intervention servicing unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention may comprise the following modules:

- One (1) Operator Control Module - One (1) Truck Power Pack - One (1) Trailer with Crane for Onshore Operations 20- One (1) Coiled Tubing Deployment Module (Reel assembly) comprising the following components:

- One (1) Coiled Tubing Reel Skid (customer-furnished equipment) - One (1) Coiled Tubing Reel Drum (customer-fizrnished equipment) - Tubing (customer-furnished equipment) 25- One (1) Injector Head Module (customer-furnished equipment) - One (1) Well Control Stack (Blow Out Preventor (BOP) Module(customer-furnished equipment) - One (1) Cryogenic Liquid Nitrogen Pumping Module - One (1) Marine Mobile Power Pack Module 5- One (1) Crew Cab Truck (customer-furnished equipment) - One (1) Tools (customer-furnished equipment) - One (1) Electrical Generator - One (1) Transportation Skid Kit - One (1) Hose Reel Skid MODULE-LEVEL REQUIREMENTS

The following sections contain the requirements for the modules and their major components.

15Operator Control Module An Operator Control Module (well intervention servicing unit Power Management Module) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention allows central control and operation of multiple well-serving functions from a single power source 20and control point. Mated with the appropriate power sources and ancillary equipment packages, this module monitors and controls function of other modules such as:
Coiled Tubing Deployment, Cryogenic Nitrogen, and Fluid Pumping Operations (if installed).

25The Operator Control Module should preferably provide:

1. Operator Control and Monitoring interface for entire well intervention servicing unit except crane 2. Electrical power transformation (120 volts alternating current to 12 volts direct current) and distribution to all systems needing electrical power 53. Hydraulic power distribution control to all well-servicing modules and crane 4. Heat transfer water and glycol distribution to nitrogen (if installed).

5. Well servicing fluid distribution and control in offshore configuration.

6. Well servicing fluid control if integrated in onshore configuration (see above section on Growth Requirements).

10Note that external customer-furnished fluid pumping is not controlled by the operator control module.

The Operator Control Module should preferably be a skid-mounted module with a crash frame; forklift guide tubes and a four point sling lift attachment points. Lifting 15slings are customer-furnished equipment.

In the transportation configuration, the Operator Control Module should preferably e 96" long x 96" wide with height to allow 13'6" height clearance when loaded on a 48" tall truck trailer. The Operator Control Module should preferably weigh 15,500 201bs or less.

The Operator Control Module should preferably operate in the offshore well servicing environment.

The Operator Control Module should preferably. operate in the onshore well servicing environment.

Operator Control and Monitoring Operator Interface 10Controls and indicators A control module in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention will preferably comprise a single console. to control the entire unit as shown for example in FIG. 7.

The left one third of the example console shown in FIG. 7 is dedicated to Nitrogen pumping and Truck Tractor control functions. The right hand two thirds is occupied by the Coiled Tubing Functions controls. The FIG. 7 diagram indicates the location of the various control valves, gauges, and other devices. A brief description of the 20related functions follows.

Beginning at the left hand edge of the example control panel from FIG. 7, Truck Tractor related controls are designated as 701 through 712, then moving right Nitrogen Controls are 713 through 731 and, finally, Coiled Tubing Controls are 25through 775.

Truck Tractor Controls "701" is a normally open switch witch serves as an ESD device. When pulled up it closes the contacts and energizes a shut down relay in the tractor's electronic vehicle 5control module. To restart / reset simply push back into the down / open position.

"702" is a proportional air regulator valve which operates the air throttle cylinder on the engine fuel injector pump. Pushing forward increases engine speed, pulling back reduces it.

"703" is an electronic tachometer that picks up engine speed from the alternator.
10"704" is an electronic temperature gauge monitoring engine water temperature. This is a switch gauge, meaning at a specific temperature setting a switch is closed and an alarm function is activated.

"705" is an electronic temperature gauge displaying the temperature of the hydraulic fluid return manifold under the console. This manifold is where all heat necessary for 15the vaporization of Nitrogen must come from. Therefore when not using the nitrogen capabilities of this module, substantial temperatures will be present.

"706" is an electronic temperature gauge which indicates the temperature of the working hydraulic fluid in the reservoir on the Truck Power Pack. This is the fluid at rest, prior to beginning its working cycle. Temperatures of 165-180 F are normal, 20higher temperatures are to be avoided. Temperatures above 200 F are likely to do rapid damage to motor and pump seals.

"707" is an electronic temperature indicator that monitors the lube oil temperature in the Nitrogen injection pump crankcase or "Warm End".

"708" is an electronic temperature indicator that monitors the crankcase oil in the 25truck auxiliary transmission.

"709" is a red flashing warning lamp tied to the alarm functions of other switchgages.
When any of the switchgages reach their alarm setpoint, this flasher will light, it is not resetable, it will continue to flash until the alarm condition is corrected.

"710" is an electrical toggle switch which control instrument panel back lighting.
5"711" is the stainless steel enclosure wherein all electrical components are housed.
"712" is an electrical rocker switch that increases "accel" or decreases "decel" engine speed on the truck engine. This is redundant to the cruise control switch on the dashboard inside the truck cab. This control is a remote operation of the truck cruise control system.

Nitrogen Controls "713" is an electronic temperature indicator monitoring the water glycol mixture as it enters the nitrogen evaporator pot. This temperature is normally very close to the hydraulic return manifold temperature. The water glycol mixture enters the heat 15exchanger at the return manifold specifically to be heated and capture waste hydraulic heat.
"714" is the electronic temperature gauge that tracks the water glycol mixture as it leaves the evaporator pot. Typically this reading closely relates to the temperature of the discharged nitrogen gas.

20"715" is a pressure indicator reading the hydraulic pressure applied to the liquid nitrogen boost pump drive motor.

"716" is a hydraulic relief valve employed to directly control the hydraulic pressure applied to the liquid nitrogen boost pump drive motor.

"717" is the nitrogen tank discharge (vaporizer inlet) pressure gauge (10,000 psi) 25"718" is the boost pump discharge pressure gauge.

"719" is a pressure gauge used to monitor the hydraulic pressure on the liquid nitrogen warm end drive motor.

"720" is a hydraulic relief valve used to pilot control a larger relief valve under the console, which regulates the hydraulic pressure supplied to the warm end drive motor.
5"721" is a master system air pressure gauge.

"722" is a pressure gauge used to monitor the lubricating oil pressure on the liquid nitrogen warm end crankcase.

"723" is a 3-way ball valve to direct air pressure to a HP autoclave valve actuator to open or close a stream of charged liquid for tempering the discharge gas temperature.
10"724" is a 3-way ball valve to air operate a HP autoclave valve actuator to either pump to the vaporizer or high pressure by-pass the charged liquid back to the liquid nitrogen tank.

"725" is a 4-way crossover valve to provide air to an actuated ball valve to either direct boost pump output, to cold ends, or back to the liquid nitrogen tank, a boost 15pump prime line.

"726" is a 4-way crossover valve to open and close the actuator on the boost pump to atmosphere prime line.

"727" is a pressure gauge used to monitor the hydraulic pressure being supplied to an auxiliary heat build system.

20"728" " is a relief valve used to remote/pilot operate a larger relief valve under the console, to build-up additional waste heat for nitrogen vaporization.

"729" is an electronic rate totalizer and meter that counts warm end rotations to determine gaseous nitrogen discharge rate and track cumulative totals.

"730" " is an electronic temperature indicator that monitors an RTD in the gaseous 25nitrogen discharge line, Nitrogen Gas discharge temperature.

"731" is a spare 3-way ball valve.

Coiled Tubing Controls "732" is a pressure gauge used to monitor wellhead pressures.
5"733" is a pressure gauge used to monitor circulating pressures.

'734" is a pressure gauge used to monitor the status of the injector head brake circuit.
Parking braking on the injector heads are mechanically spring applied, and hydraulically released, therefore zero pressure indicates brakes are set, and 1000+
pounds per square inch guage indicates brakes are released.

10"735" is a 3-way ball valve used to either bleed-off or supply hydraulic pressure to the injector head brake circuit.

"736" is a pressure gauge that reads hydraulic pressure in the injector head motor range selector circuit. The 2-speed motors on the injector head default to a full displacement/low speed mode. Therefore zero pressure indicates low speed selection, 15and 300-400 pounds per square inch gage indicates high range is selected.

"737" is a 3-way ball valve used to either bleed-off or supply hydraulic pressure to the injector head 2-speed shift circuit.

"738" is a pressure gauge indicating the hydraulic pressure being supplied to the injector head main drive motor circuit.

20"739" is a relief valve used to pilot/remote operate another larger relief valve mounted on the main coil tubing system distribution manifold under the console. This relief valve regulates the pressure on the injector head drive motor circuit.

"740" is a hydraulic joystick used to pilot operates a larger directional valve mounted on the main coil tubing system distribution manifold under the console. This valve in turn directs the hydraulic flow to either run into or out of the wellbore/injector head (inand-out-of-hole valve).

"741 " is a directional valve used to override the level-wind assembly on the front of the working reel.

5"742" is a directional valve which raises or lowers the level-wind assembly to insure the operator can visually watch the wraps on the reel, and clearly see the counterhead.
"743" is a dual reading pressure gauge calibrated to measure Coiled Tubing pipe weight both pulling downward, pipe heavy, and pushing upward, pipe light, on the inner injector head frame.

10"744" is a pressure gauge which indicates the charge pressure on the injector head chain oiler reservoir.

"745" is a needle valve employed to control flow of oil from the injector head oiler reservoir to the injector head chains.

"746" is a pneumatic regulator used to provide and regulate the air over oil charge on 15the chain oiler reservoir.

"747" is a 3-way ball valve used to either bleed-off or supply hydraulic pressure to the work reel brake circuit.

"748" is a pressure gauge monitoring the pressure on the work reel brake system. A
pressure of 300-400 pounds per square inch guage releases the brake.

20"749" is a relief valve which pilot/remote operates another larger relief valve located under the console. This valve control the pressure supplied to the working reel drive circuit to either spool up tubing coming out of the hole, or to maintain tension on the reel playing out into the hole to prevent bird-nesting the coil tubing reel.

"750" is a directional valve to either place the working reel, in: neutral, forward or reverse. The normal operating mode is for the reel to remain in reverse; only rarely will the reel purposely be driven forward to push coiled tubing off of the drum.

"751" is a pressure indicator that shows the system charge pressure on the blow out 5preventersystem. Normally 2,500-3,000 pounds per square inch gage is charged on the system. If lower pressures are present it is generally a result of the blow out preventer accumulator drain having been left open.

"752" this is a pressure gauge monitoring the preset pressure on the skate system. This allows the operator to set the desired skate pressure against a closed valve, only when 10the pressure is correct, is the valve opened to the skate cylinders on the injector.

"753" is a six (6) bank directional valve with no neutral center position.
This valve is either pressure to open or close the blow out preventer rams.

"754" is a pressure gauge which indicates the pressure on the reel drive/back pressure system.

15"755" is the pneumatic regulator that drives the air over hydraulic pump used to pressurize the stripper/pack-off circuit.

"756" is a pressure gauge monitoring air pressure to the stripper/pack-off pump.
"757" is a pressure gauge which reads the hydraulic system pressure on the stripper/pack-off.

20"758" is a directional valve used to operate the cylinder build into the stripper/packoff to either retract of pack-off the coil tubing.

"759" is a reducing valve used to adjust the pressure provided to the skate cylinders on the injector head.

"760" is a needle valve provided to drain/bleed-off pressure on the injector skates and 25tensioner cylinders.

"761" is a reducing valve used to adjust the pressure provided to the outside chain tension cylinders on the injector head.

"762" is a ball valve used to direct and control hydraulic pressure to the outside chain tension cylinders on the injector head.

5"763" is a pressure gauge indicating the pressure on the outside chain tension cylinders.

"764" is a pressure indicator reading the pressure on the top skate cylinders.

"765" is a ball valve used to direct and control the pressure in the top skate cylinders.
"766" is a ball valve used to direct and control the pressure in the mid skate cylinders l0on the injector head.

"767" is pressure indicator monitoring the mid skate cylinders.

"768" is a pressure gauge indicating the pressure on the bottom skate cylinders.
"769" is a ball valve used to direct and control the pressure in the bottom skate cylinders.

15"770" is a needle valve used as a dampener to stabilize the pipe heavy readings on the weight indicator.

"771" is a needle valve used as a dampener to stabilize the readings of the pipe light conditions on the weight indicator.

"772" is a air over hydraulic pump with a manual hand pump override to supply 20hydraulic fluid power to the stripper/pack-off circuit.

"773" is a air over hydraulic pump with a manual hand pump override to supply hydraulic fluid power to the skates in the event of power pack failure.

"774" is push-pull actuator to energize blow out preventer control valves, Pulling up actuates blow out preventer control valves.

"775" is pressure reducing valve to further control injector head speed in "high"
range.

A control module in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention 5comprises a control console module may comprise any of the following controls and indicators:

1) 6-Bank blow out preventer control valve with a single function handles.
Blow out preventer control valves should preferably be labeled from left to right "Blinds", "Cutters", "Slips", "Pipe", "Aux Pipe" and "Blind Shears". Blow out preventer's to 10have an emergency back-up circuit from an air or hand operated in cabin pump.

2) Blow out preventer Circuit Master Push/pull Actuation Valve and Pressure Gauge 3) 5-Bank valve panel with integral locking Walvoil type SD6 valves in corner of console for remote plug valve operations. Valves to be labeled "BOP Kill", "Aux Kill", "Return", "Spare 1" and "Spare 2"

154) Air Regulator Valve and Air Supply Gauge for Stripper Pack-off Air over Hydraulic Pump.

5) Stripper Circuit Air Drive pump with emergency manual operator.

6) Snap-Tite Stripper control valve and Stripper circuit hydraulic pressure gauge.
7) Injector Weight Indicator mounted in center of Panel Upper section.
Indicator 20should preferably read 60,0001b pipe heavy and 15,0001b pipe light.

8) Single Pressure Regulator Valve and isolation valves with circuit pressure gauges for three (3) injector traction circuits.

9) Emergency Accumulator systems for:

a) injector traction circuits with full pressure activation valve 25b) injector head skate system chain tension circuits with TBD valve 10) Single Pressure Regulator Valve and isolation valve with circuit pressure gauge for a single injector chain tension circuit.

11) Gresen (Munson-Tyson Type) Control Valve for Injection speed and direction, with Cartridge valve for fine control of injector speed. (Auto-driller arrangement) 512) Selector Valves for Injector speed range and injector brake circuit with status indicator gauges.

13) Pressure Control Valve for Setting Injector Power Circuit pressure with gauge.
14) Needle Valve for injector chain oiler control.

15) Three (3) single bank directional control valves for Tubing Reel Pay-Out and l OTake-Up; Levelwind Raise and Lower; and Levelwind Override.

16) Pressure Control Valve for Reel tension Control with tension pressure gauge.
17) Control Valve for reel brake circuit with pressure gauge.

18) Two (2) 6" face 4:1 ratio 15,000pounds per square inch gauge reading pressure gauges, One (1) for circulating pressure to the left of weight indicator and one (1) for 15we1l head pressure to the right of the weight indicator.

19) Air operated controls for power pack engine throttle, shutdown and emergency kill.

20) Power Pack Engine remote instrumentation Package to include, Tachometer, Coolant Temperature.

2021) Cryogenic Nitrogen Centrifugal Boost Pump Speed control Valve.
22) Nitrogen Boost Pump hydraulic pressure gauge.

23) Nitrogen Boost Pump liquid nitrogen discharge pressure gauge (150 pounds per square inch) with debooster or remote sender to protect operators from cryogenic nitrogen exposure in case of gauge or gauge plumbing failure.

24) Nitrogen tank discharge (vaporizer inlet) pressure gauge (10,000 pounds per square inch) with debooster or remote sender to protect operators from cryogenic nitrogen exposure in case of gauge or gauge plumbing failure.

25) Cryogenic Nitrogen Triplex Injection Pump Speed control valve (warm end).
526) Nitrogen Triplex pump hydraulic pressure gauge.

27) Nitrogen Triplex pump liquid nitrogen discharge pressure gauge.
28) Auxiliary Heat Load Hydraulic Pressure Control Valve.

29) Auxiliary Heat Load Hydraulic Pressure Gauge.

30) Remote Air Operated Low Pressure LN2 Prime to Atmosphere control valve.
1031) Remote Air Operated Low Pressure liquid nitrogen bypass to tank control valve.
32) Remote Air Operated High Pressure liquid nitrogen bypass to tank control valve.
33) Remote Air Operated High Pressure gaseous nitrogen tempering control valve.
The hydraulic controls should preferably be rated for operation at 3000 pounds per 15square inch working pressure.

Hydraulic Distribution The hydraulic distribution component of the operator control module should preferably include:

Permanently installed hoses from the control cabin bulkhead for connection to the following:

- Injector main drive hoses - power pack to rear of trailer plus extensions to the hose reel.

25- Reel pivot hose - Blow out preventer control hoses installed with extensions to the hose rack - Injector control hoses installed with extensions to the hose rack - Reel control jumper hoses - Two (2) 15 gallon accumulators for Blow out preventer circuits mounted 5inside trailer frame rails.

The hoses should preferably be labeled at each end with bands imprinted with customer-specified text and by numbered stainless steel washers.

lOElectrical Transformation and Distribution The electrical distribution component of the operator control module should preferably distribute 120 volts alterriating current from the electric generator to the listed components at no more than listed current:

15- the control cabin air conditioning component (10.0 amps) - the control cabin lighting (2.0 amps) The electrical distribution component of the operator control module should preferably distribute 120 volts alternating current from an offshore platform supply to 20the listed components at no more than listed current:

- the control cabin air conditioning component (10.0 amps) - the control cabin lighting (2.0 amps) The electrical distribution component should preferably transform 120 volts alternating current to 12 volts direct current and distribute 12 volts direct current tomonitoring instrumentation.

5Heat Transfer Water-Glycol Distribution The Water-Glycol Distribution component should preferably distribute a water and glycol mix from the power pack to the cryogenic liquid nitrogen modules via the hydraulics heat exchanger.

Well-Servicing Fluid Distribution and Control In the off-shore configuration, the operator control module shall:

- Control the well-servicing fluid pump in the marine mobile power pack 15- Distribute well-servicing fluid from the power pack to the coiled tubing Truck Power Pack An over-the-road truck tractor provides onshore transportation and onshore power to 20the hydraulic systems for all Coiled Tubing and Nitrogen Modules.

The truck power pack should preferably tow the trailer containing the crane and well-servicing modules to onshore well servicing sites and maintenance locations.

At the well-servicing site, the truck power pack should preferably provide hydraulic power to concurrently operate the coil tubing and nitrogen modules at their maximum capabilities described in the section above on functional and performance requirements.

The truck power pack should preferably operate in the onshore well servicing environment.

The truck power pack comprises a Freightliner 515-hp Detroit Diesel series 60, 14.OL
10tractor with 10-speed transmission plus "wet kit" comprising: an auxiliary transmission, a pair of power take offs, a hydraulic reservoir, a glycol reservoir, fluid coolers, hydraulic pumps, and various hoses, fittings, and control valves. Its features include:

15- 515 peak Horsepower Tractor Engine - Full power capacity driveshaft driven auxiliary transmission with forward and rear facing hydraulic pump mounts.

- Two (2) truck transmission mounted power take off's.

- Two (2) axial piston pressure compensated hydraulic pumps, one for Nitrogen 20Modules, and one to drive the Coiled Tubing Injector Head.

- One (1) single vane hydraulic pump to serve dual purposes, powering either the pedestal crane, or an auxiliary heat load circuit.

- One (1) double-vane hydraulic pump, with one (1) circuit dedicated to the coiled tubing reel hydraulics distribution, and one (1) circuit dedicated to Blow out 25preventer and safety control modules hydraulic distribution.

- One (1) double-gear glycol and water pump for circulation of water glycol mixture for liquid nitrogen vaporization.

- Multiple baffled hydraulic reservoir with integral return filters, strainers and connection points for truck power pack to trailer.

5- Two (2) hydraulic fan powered fluid coolers.

- One (1) glycol reservoir and expansion chamber.
On Shore Transport Trailer with Crane Major components of this module are the Transport Trailer and Crane.

The OnShore Transport Trailer with Crane should preferably operate in the onshore well servicing environment.

Transport Trailer Preferably, a 48ft long single drop-deck triple-axle trailer provides the transportation and work platform for all the well servicing equipment and a hydraulic pedestal crane.
20Trailer Trailer specifications are:

- Three air ride axles with third (rearmost) axle set up with a dump valve to shorten effective trailer turn radius.

- 48ft long single drop deck trailer with 11 ft long upper deck, 37 ft lower section.

- Upper deck should preferably be plate, lower section should preferablybe bare frame rails.

5- 8' width - 12" minimum ground clearance - Standard king pin setting - Landing legs 160,0001b.

- Three (3) each 25,0001bs. Axles (minimum) 10- Brakes 16-1/2 X 7 air type - Michelin tires or equivalent 11R24.5 - Parking brake air chambers mounted above axles - 3-1/2" SAE King pin with 3/8 rub plate - Lights, stop/turn armored clearance 15- Mud flaps - Rear bumper - Running lights for highway use Equipment Mounts Complete equipment mounts installed on the trailer should preferably allow quick pin-on and rig-up of equipment:

- Well control stack - Injector head 25- All skidded equipment - Tool boxes Injector head and well control stack equipment mount should preferably be within the crane's operating envelope. As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the injector may be operated 5continuously at the intersection of any speed and pull combination as long as the intersection remains on or to the left and below of the 100hp continuous output curve.
Injector head mount should preferably position the HydraRig 635 injector head so that the COIL TUBING can remain stabbed during transport between well servicing sites.

l OMounting brackets and setups should preferably secure one 1800-gallon cryogenic liquid nitrogen tank (tank itself is described in nitrogen module specification).
Crane Assembly 15A hydraulically-operated pedestal crane (such as: National Crane Model 638, 18 ton Pedestal Crane) should preferably be installed on the crane trailer.

Specifications of the example crane are:
Crane Capacities:

20 36,000 lbs. maximum 23,000 lbs. @ 8 ft. boom Radius 16,5501bs. @ 12 ft. boom Radius 10,500 lbs. @ 20 ft. boom Radius 5,0501bs. @ 35 ft. boom Radius 25Note: Crane capacities may vary with boom length and attachments.

Frame:

Box construction pedestal with turret mounted on shear type ball bearing and bulkhead fittings for crane operation.

Rotation:
5270 degree non-continuous by means of planetary gear, hydraulic drive unit, and swing stops.

Boom:
Three (3) section hydraulic telescoping boom, 16 ft. retracted to 38 ft.
extended (maximum horizontal reach).

10Winch:
High performance planetary winch rated at 10,000 lbs. bare drum single line pull Controls:

"RVC" (or equivalent) remote valve control group Anti-Two Block:

15Explosion-proof system that helps prevent cable damage by sensing position of winch cable and attachments with respect to sheave case.

Stabilizers:
Rear hydraulic stabilizers, "A" type.
20Physical Dimensions for Transportability:

The crane must fold up and fit in the space provided on the crane trailer during transport.

Reel Pivot:

A reel pivot cylinder that will pivot to either side of the unit will be installed on the unit.

53.3.4 Coiled Tubing Deployment Module A unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention can deploy coiled tubing using various configurations. For example see the following combinations of coil tubing deployment modules and injector heads can all function within an l0embodiment of the present invention:

Example one comprises a Modified HPT 122 inch coiled tubing Reel Assembly and a HydraRig 635 injector head.

Example two comprises a Modified HPT 122" coiled tubing Reel Assembly and a 15HydraRig 635 injector head.

Example three comprises a 102" coiled tubing Reel Assembly and a HydraRig 635 injector head.

Example four comprises a 102" coiled tubing Reel Assembly and a HydraRig 635 injector head.

201n the 122" configurations the unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention can:

- spool 1-3/4" diameter coiled tubing @ 2500 pounds per square inch gauge operating pressure.

- provide coiled tubing storage capacity for 1"- 2-1/2" Coiled Tubing .
25- provide coiled tubing capacity by volume of:

- 21,500 feet of 1-1/4" tubing - 15,500 feet of 1-1/2" tubing and - 11,500 feet of 1-3/4" tubing.

51n the 102" configuration embodiments the unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention can:

- spool 1-1/2" diameter x 0.125" wall thickness coiled tubing @ 2500 pounds per square inch gauge operating pressure.

- provide coiled tubing storage capacity for 1"- 1'/2" Coiled Tubing.
10- provide coiled tubing capacity by volume of:

- 16,000 feet of 1-1/4" tubing and - 11,000 feet of 1-1/2" tubing.

- provide coil tubing capacity by weight for carrying and deploying a total of 20,000 pounds of continuous coiled tubing.

Note that this embodiment of the well intervention servicing unit coiled tubing length is limited by weight carrying capacity, not volume. Depending upon the wall thickness string length capacities will vary.

20This embodiment of the well intervention servicing unit supplies hydraulic fluid to an injector at an operator-controllable rate ranging from 0-85 gallons per minute (inclusive) and at an operator-controllable pressure ranging from 0- 3000 pounds per square inch gauge (inclusive).

25Cryogenic Liquid Nitrogen Module The Cryogenic Liquid Nitrogen Module should preferably output up to1,500 standard cubic feet per minute gaseous nitrogen at 10,000 pounds per square inch gauge.
However, note that overall integrated unit nitrogen capacities are below this peak due 5to horsepower limitations.

The Cryogenic Liquid Nitrogen Module should preferably meet these output requirements in the onshore well servicing environment.

The cryogenic liquid nitrogen module has two major components:
10- the cryogenic liquid nitrogen storage vessel - the nitrogen pump and vaporization component Cryogenic Liquid Nitrogen Storage Vessel A unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention may comprise a 15Cryogenic Liquid Nitrogen Storage Vessel module comprising a double layer vacuum insulated pressure vessel. This tank should preferably be provided with fill, suction vent, and pressure building manifolds and valves. The vessel capacity should preferably be approximately 1800 liquid gallons. This vessel will be removably attached to the upper deck on a land transport trailer:

- Inner vessel design pressure of 45 pounds per square inch - 2Y2" Fill and Drain piping - 1'/2" Vent, Recirculation, Rear Fill, and Top Fill piping - 1" pressure-build pipes Cryogenic Liquid Nitrogen Pump and Vaporization Component A Cryogenic Liquid Nitrogen Pump and Vaporization Component in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention should preferably draw cryogenic liquid 5nitrogen from the Cryogenic Liquid Nitrogen Storage vessel and force it through the vaporizer to produce gaseous nitrogen.

The Cryogenic Liquid Nitrogen Pump and Vaporization Component in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention should preferably meet its output 10requirements in the offshore well servicing environment.

A Cryogenic Liquid Nitrogen Pump and Vaporization Component in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention may, for example comprise:

15- 2"xl"x4%z" cryogenic centrifugal boost pump with mated high speed hydraulic motor to draw cryogenic liquid nitrogen from the storage vessel and pump it at low pressure (less than 100pounds per square inch gauge) to a triplex injection pump.

- Triplex M 100 type Cryogenic Nitrogen Positive displacement Pump, with mated bent axis hydraulic motor, to develop pressure necessary to overcome the 20resistance to the fluid through the vaporizer.

- Pressure oil lubrication system for triplex pump crankcase.
- Liquid circulation type Liquid Nitrogen Vaporizer.

This component should preferably be packaged separate from other systems and the cryogenic liquid nitrogen storage vessel.

A Cryogenic Liquid Nitrogen Pump and Vaporization Component in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention should interface with customer-furnished offshore cryogenic liquid nitrogen storage vessels without modification.

5Marine Mobile Power Pack A Marine Mobile Power Pack in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention should preferably provide hydraulic power to concurrently operate the coil tubing and nitrogen modules at their maximum capabilities.

A Marine Mobile Power Pack in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention should meet its power output requirement in the offshore well servicing environment.

15A Marine Mobile Power Pack in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention should preferably be skid-mounted and comprise a crash frame, forklift guide tubes and a 4-point lift attachment for lifting slings, and one fall protection harness tie off point incorporated into its crash frame.

20A Marine Mobile Power Pack in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention should preferably be no larger than 126 "long x 96" wide x 102" high including the structural skid to allow 13'6" height clearance when loaded on a 48" tall truck trailer.

A Marine Mobile Power Pack in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention should preferably weigh no more than 18,500lbs maximum wet.

A Marine Mobile Power Pack in accordance with an embodiment of the present 5invention may, for example, have the following features:

- Caterpillar 3406C Diesel Engine with a double pump drive attached directly to the flywheel housing.

- Caterpillar matched heavy duty solder dripped radiator.

10- Engine has onboard systems for shutdown in over-temperature and low oil pressure situations. Engine also has overspeed auto-shutdown protection and spark arrester exhaust.

- Engine has mechanical lever for remote throttle position to control engine speed at power pack.

15- Air Operated fuel shutdown system, and air operated emergency shutdown (air shut-off). Emergency Kill system is failsafe (air signal to run, absent signal shutdown) type.

- Engine mounted Tachometer, oil pressure gauge, coolant temperature gauge and reservoir mounted air pressure gauge.

20- 12 cubic feet per minute air compressor system with 15 gallon reservoir - Air Starter System - Axial Piston high pressure open-loop pump for coiled tubing injector drive.
- Axial Piston high pressure open-loop pump for Nitrogen System drive.

- Double Vane pump for tubing reel and blow out preventer functions.
25- Single Gear pump for water/glycol circulation.

- Pump for well-servicing fluid with manifold designed to pump small volumes of acid (1500 gal), cement (10 bbl), and sand slurry (1500 lbs) - Single fan powered air to oil heat exchanger mounted above fluid pump for hydraulic fluid cooling.

5- Hydraulic Oil Reservoir capacity 250 gallons. Reservoir supplied with protected sight glass, returning fluid filters, and sampling port.

- Hydraulic Pump relief valves are piloted to a series of dump valves at a system start panel.

- Crash Frame provides an integrated access ladder to skid top Electric Generator An Electric Generator provides electric power for distribution by the operator control module in onshore applications.

15An electric generator in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, may, for example:

- Use Diesel Fuel - Meet a 6500 Watt Surge capacity - Produce 5500 Watts continuous 20- Start using a self-contained Electric Start system - Output 120 volts alternating current at 51 amps - volts alternating current - Run at least 12 hours on one tank of fuel - fit within 36" length x 24" width x 24" height space on the onshore crane 25trailer - weigh no more than 400lbs The Electric Generator should preferably meet these requirements in the onshore well servicing environment.

5Coil Tubing Reel Carry Skid A Coil Tubing Reel Carry Skid is used for transport of a Coil Tubing Reel Drum when the drum is removed from unit.

A Coil Tubing Reel Carry Skid in accordance with an embodiment of the present l0invention should preferably hold the Coil Tubing Reel Drum in axle-horizontal position during:

- onshore transport - offshore boat transport The preferred embodiment of the Coil Tubing Reel Carry Skid should comprise 15forklift and crane sling provisions for moving between ground, truck, and boat in loaded and unloaded configurations, and one fall protection harness tie off point incorporated into its crash frame.

Coil Tubing Component Carry Skid A Coil Tubing Component Carry Skid is used for transport of injector head, well control stack, and coiled tubing-specific tools when removed from a unit's onshore transportation trailer in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

A Coil Tubing Component Carry Skid in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention should preferably hold the injector head, well control stack, and coiled tubing-specific tools during:

- onshore transport from onshore-to-offshore conversion location to dock 5= offshore boat transport A Coil Tubing Component Carry Skid in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention should preferably have provisions for moving between ground, truck, and boat in loaded and unloaded configurations.

10Hose Reel Skid When the well servicing unit is converted to offshore use, a hose reel skid will provide the hydraulic fluid distribution between the modules in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The onshore hydraulic fluid distribution can 15remain on the crane trailer.

A Hose Reel Skid in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention should preferably carry all the well servicing unit's interconnecting hoses needed for offshore use.

A Hose Reel Skid in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention should preferably protect the well servicing unit's interconnecting hoses from damage during transport from onshore to offshore.

A Hose Reel Skid in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention should preferably have provisions for moving between ground, truck, and boat in loaded and unloaded configurations.

5A Hose Reel Skid in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention should preferably comprise:

- All hoses necessary to connect the Operator Control Module to the injector head and well control stack in 150-foot lengths.

10- All hoses necessary to connect the Marine Mobile Power Pack to the Operator Control Module in 35-foot lengths.

- All hoses necessary to connect the Operator Control Module to the coiled tubing reel in 35-foot lengths.

15Hoses should preferably be labeled at each end with bands imprinted with text and by numbered stainless steel washers.

A Hose Reel Skid in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention should preferably include 3 hose reels:

20- One reel for operator control module to injector head power hoses - One reel for injector head control hoses - One reel for blow out preventer control hoses The Hose Reel Skid should preferably include a hose rack for the marine mobile power pack-to-operator control module hoses.

An advantage of the present invention is that modularity enables change scenarios that can be quickly and cost effectively implemented. For example:

1) Customer desires a change to well intervention servicing unit-level requirements (addition, deletion, or change of capability) due to changing business environment 2) Vendor discovers that requirements cannot be met on schedule (i.e., component supplier lead times too great) and proposes alternatives that meet schedule.

Although the present invention has been described by reference to certain embodiments as disclosed in the specification and drawings above, many more embodiments of the present invention are possible without departing from the invention. Thus, the scope of the invention should be limited only by the appended claims.

Claims (53)

1. A single well servicing combination unit comprising:
a hydraulic manifold removably connectable to the power-take-off of a power source to drive a plurality of hydraulic pumps and motors that control a plurality of well servicing modules that are removably mounted on said combination unit, said well servicing modules being interconnectable by plumbing.

2. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 1, wherein said power source comprises a power pack module.

3. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 2, wherein said power pack module is removably mounted on said well servicing combination unit.

4. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 2, wherein said power pack module comprises a truck power pack.

5. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 2, wherein said power pack module comprises a marine mobile power pack.

6. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 2, wherein one of said modules comprises a skid.

7. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 1, wherein said well servicing modules comprise:
i. an operator control module;
ii. a combination module;
iii. a nitrogen module;
said modules being interconnectable by plumbing.

8. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 7, wherein said combination module comprises a coil tubing module and an acid module.

9. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 8, wherein said coil tubing module comprises a coiled tubing reel and a coil tubing string.

10. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 9, wherein said coiled tubing reel ranges in diameter from about 48 inches to 168 inches and said coil tubing string ranges in diameter from about 1.0 inches to about 2.5 inches.

11. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 7, wherein said combination module comprises a coil tubing module and a cement module.

12. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 11, wherein said coil tubing module comprises a coiled tubing reel and a coil tubing string.

13. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 12, wherein said coiled tubing reel ranges in diameter from about 48 inches to about 168 inches and said coil tubing string ranges in diameter from about 1.0inches to about 2.5 inches.

14. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 7, wherein said combination module comprises a cement module and an acid module.

15. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 7, wherein said nitrogen module comprises a tank of cryogenic nitrogen.

16. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 7, wherein said nitrogen module comprises a nitrogen generator that gathers nitrogen from the earth's atmosphere and wherein said combination unit further comprises a compressor connectable by plumbing to said nitrogen generator.

17. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 7, wherein said nitrogen module comprises a tank of compressed nitrogen gas.

18. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 7, wherein said combination module comprises a sand fracturing tool.

19. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 1, wherein said well servicing modules comprise: an electric wireline apparatus comprising a tubing encapsulated wire conveyance medium suitable for electric wireline operations.

20. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 2, wherein said well servicing modules comprise: a combination module and an electric wireline apparatus comprising a tubing encapsulated wire conveyance medium suitable for electric wireline operations.

21. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 1, wherein said well servicing modules comprise: a wireline inspection module and a coiled tubing module.

22. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 4, wherein said combination unit comprises a crane trailer and said Truck Power Pack comprises a truck capable of towing said crane trailer.

23. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 4, wherein said well servicing modules are removably mounted on said crane trailer and comprise an Operator Control Module, a Coiled Tubing Deployment Module, an Injector Head Module, Well Control Stack Blow Out Preventer Module, and a Nitrogen Module.

24. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 23, wherein said Nitrogen Module comprises a Self Generating Nitrogen Module.

25. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 1, wherein each of said modules and components is designed to function in conjunction with a plurality of combinations of said well servicing modules.

26. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 1, wherein said modules may be custom arranged to allow the combination unit to fit in available space for a particular well servicing job.

27. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 1, further comprising a transportation module.

28. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 27, wherein said transportation module comprises a marine vessel.

29. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 28, further comprising a marine mobile power pack.

30. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 27, wherein said transportation module comprises an amphibious vessel.

31. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 30, further comprising a marine mobile power pack.

32. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 27, wherein said transportation module comprises a trailer.

33. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 30, further comprising a truck power pack.

34. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 27, wherein said transportation module comprises a skid.

35. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 1, wherein said well servicing units comprise: a high pressure pump and a blending tank; said high pressure pump and blending tank being interconnectable by plumbing.

36. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 35, further comprising a crane, said blending tank, high pressure pump and crane being interconnectable by plumbing.

37. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 1, wherein said well servicing modules comprise:
i. a wireline inspection module;
ii. a coiled tubing module;
iii. a nitrogen module;
iv. a unit pump module; and iv. a blending tank module.

38. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 37 wherein said wireline inspection module comprises an electric line.

39. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 37 wherein said wireline inspection module comprises a slick line.

40. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 37 wherein said wireline inspection module further comprises downhole tools.

41. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 37 further comprising an acid pump module and an acid tank module that is connectable by plumbing to said blending tank module and said coil tubing module, wherein said hydraulic manifold is removably connectable to said power-take-off of said power source to also drive hydraulic pumps and motors that control said acid pump module.

42. The combination unit according to claim 1, wherein said well servicing modules comprise: a coil tubing module and at least one other well servicing module.

43. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 1, wherein said well servicing modules comprise: a wireline inspection module; and at least one other well servicing module.

44. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 37, further comprising a removably mounted combination nitrogen and high pressure pump module that is connectable by plumbing to said blending tank module and said coil tubing module, wherein said hydraulic manifold is removably connectable to the power-take-off of said power source to also drive hydraulic pumps and motors that control said combination nitrogen and high pressure pump module.

45. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 1, wherein said well servicing modules comprise: a coiled tubing module having coil tubing for introducing well treatment fluid into a well and an injector module that can advance said coiled tubing from said coil tubing module into a wellbore.

46. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 1, wherein said well servicing modules comprise a coiled tubing injector module and a crane module for picking up and lowering the coiled tubing injector of said coil tubing injector module.

47. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 1, further comprising an operator's console module whereby said motors and pumps may be controlled by an operator.

48. The well servicing combination unit according to claim 1, wherein at least one of said modules is skid mounted.

49. A method of repairing a modular well servicing combination unit having a broken well servicing module comprising the steps of keeping a functional well servicing module in inventory and replacing said broken well servicing module by dismounting said broken well servicing module and removably mounting said functional well servicing module onto said modular well servicing combination unit.

50. A method of modifying a modular well servicing combination unit having an already removably mounted well servicing module, said method comprising the steps of keeping an additional well servicing module in inventory and removably mounting said additional well servicing module onto said modular well servicing combination unit.

51. The method of claim 50 comprising the additional step of dismounting said already removably mounted well servicing unit.

52. A method of converting a modular well servicing combination unit configured for land to a modular well servicing combination unit configured for water, wherein said modular well servicing combination unit configured for land comprises a land transportation module and a well servicing module and said modular well servicing combination unit configured for water comprises a marine transportation module, comprising the steps of dismounting said well servicing module from said land transportation module and removably mounting said well servicing module onto said marine transportation module.

53. A method of converting a modular well servicing combination unit configured for water to a modular well servicing combination unit configured for land, wherein said modular well servicing combination unit configured for water comprises a marine transportation module and a well servicing module and said modular well servicing combination unit configured for land comprises a land transportation module, comprising the steps of dismounting said well servicing module from said marine transportation module and removably mounting said well servicing module onto said land transportation module.