CA2634697C - Sizing of paper - Google Patents
Sizing of paper Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2634697C CA2634697C CA2634697A CA2634697A CA2634697C CA 2634697 C CA2634697 C CA 2634697C CA 2634697 A CA2634697 A CA 2634697A CA 2634697 A CA2634697 A CA 2634697A CA 2634697 C CA2634697 C CA 2634697C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- aqueous dispersion
- amine
- nitrogen
- weight
- succinic anhydride
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 151
- -1 nitrogen-containing organic compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 229920001448 anionic polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229960004418 trolamine Drugs 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical group O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guanidine Chemical compound NC(N)=N ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylamine Chemical compound NC1CCCCC1 PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- GPFVWKXABQQNEM-BMRADRMJSA-N 3-[(e)-16-methylheptadec-1-enyl]oxolane-2,5-dione Chemical group CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C1CC(=O)OC1=O GPFVWKXABQQNEM-BMRADRMJSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HMBHAQMOBKLWRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(C(=O)O)COC2=C1 HMBHAQMOBKLWRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ASUDFOJKTJLAIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyethanamine Chemical compound COCCN ASUDFOJKTJLAIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IGFXDIOXQABHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,4-tris(2-methylprop-1-enyl)oxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound CC(C)=CC1C(=O)OC(=O)C1(C=C(C)C)C=C(C)C IGFXDIOXQABHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XRAJHWOOOMPDFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(16-methylheptadecyl)oxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1CC(=O)OC1=O XRAJHWOOOMPDFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UWERUIGPWOVNGG-MDZDMXLPSA-N 3-[(e)-dec-1-enyl]oxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C\C1CC(=O)OC1=O UWERUIGPWOVNGG-MDZDMXLPSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WVRNUXJQQFPNMN-VAWYXSNFSA-N 3-[(e)-dodec-1-enyl]oxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C1CC(=O)OC1=O WVRNUXJQQFPNMN-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RSPWVGZWUBNLQU-FOCLMDBBSA-N 3-[(e)-hexadec-1-enyl]oxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C1CC(=O)OC1=O RSPWVGZWUBNLQU-FOCLMDBBSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-alanine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(O)=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-lysine Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-guanidine Natural products CNC(N)=N CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000004279 alanine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- LHIJANUOQQMGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoethylethanolamine Chemical compound NCCNCCO LHIJANUOQQMGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940075419 choline hydroxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940043237 diethanolamine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FLISWPFVWWWNNP-BQYQJAHWSA-N dihydro-3-(1-octenyl)-2,5-furandione Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C\C1CC(=O)OC1=O FLISWPFVWWWNNP-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)NC(C)C UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminoamidine Natural products CN(C)C(N)=N SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WEHWNAOGRSTTBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylamine Chemical compound CCCNCCC WEHWNAOGRSTTBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940073455 tetraethylammonium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001124 trientine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 24
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 235000012216 bentonite Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 229920006317 cationic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 8
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 6
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium carbonate Substances [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- YAXXOCZAXKLLCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-dodecyloxolane-2,5-dione Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCC1CC(=O)OC1=O YAXXOCZAXKLLCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001399 aluminium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920006318 anionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229940077746 antacid containing aluminium compound Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanol Chemical compound [SiH3]O SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 2
- XUJLWPFSUCHPQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 11-methyldodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCO XUJLWPFSUCHPQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 235000018185 Betula X alpestris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018212 Betula X uliginosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000303965 Cyamopsis psoralioides Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000854350 Enicospilus group Species 0.000 description 1
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001503 Glucan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000057 Mannan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000403354 Microplus Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100002888 Neurospora crassa (strain ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 / FGSC 987) asa-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZZYQPZGQPZBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium silicate Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O PZZYQPZGQPZBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001586 anionic polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004836 anionic polysaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC1=CC=CC=C1 KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940073608 benzyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UHZZMRAGKVHANO-UHFFFAOYSA-M chlormequat chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCl UHZZMRAGKVHANO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N chloro(114C)methane Chemical compound [14CH3]Cl NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011436 cob Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl sulfate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)OC VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IQDGSYLLQPDQDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CNC IQDGSYLLQPDQDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- NVVZQXQBYZPMLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical class O=C.C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 NVVZQXQBYZPMLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940083124 ganglion-blocking antiadrenergic secondary and tertiary amines Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 description 1
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hectorite Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Mg+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]([O-])(O1)O[Si]1([O-])O2 KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000271 hectorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- LUEWUZLMQUOBSB-GFVSVBBRSA-N mannan Chemical class O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@H](O[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3O)CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O LUEWUZLMQUOBSB-GFVSVBBRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004579 marble Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000273 nontronite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920000962 poly(amidoamine) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000371 poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940088417 precipitated calcium carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000275 saponite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003385 sodium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920005552 sodium lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DAJSVUQLFFJUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;dodecane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCS([O-])(=O)=O DAJSVUQLFFJUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/16—Sizing or water-repelling agents
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/03—Non-macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/05—Non-macromolecular organic compounds containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen only
- D21H17/07—Nitrogen-containing compounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/41—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing ionic groups
- D21H17/44—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing ionic groups cationic
- D21H17/45—Nitrogen-containing groups
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/46—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/54—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen
- D21H17/56—Polyamines; Polyimines; Polyester-imides
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/67—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments
- D21H17/68—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments siliceous, e.g. clays
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
- D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
- D21H23/04—Addition to the pulp; After-treatment of added substances in the pulp
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
- D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
- D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an aqueous dispersion of cellulose-reactive sizing agent containing an acid anhydride, an anionic polyelectrolyte and a nitrogen-containing organic compound which is an amine or quaternary ammonium thereof having a molecular weight less than 180 and/or having one or more hydroxyl groups. The invention further relates to a method for the preparation of an aqueous dispersion of cellulose-reactive sizing agent which comprises dispersing an acid anhydride in an aqueous phase in the presence of an anionic polyelectrolyte and a nitrogen-containing organic compound which is an amine or quaternary ammonium thereof having a molecular weight less than 180 and/or having one or more hydroxyl groups. The invention also relates to the use of the aqueous dispersion of cellulose-reactive sizing agent as a stock sizing agent or surface sizing agent in the production of paper. The invention further relates to a process for the production of paper which comprises adding the aqueous dispersion of cellulose-reactive sizing agent to an aqueous cellulosic suspension.
Description
SIZING OF PAPER
Field of the Invention The present invention relates to sizing of paper and more specifically to aqueous dispersions of cellulose-reactive sizing agent and their preparation and use.
Background of the Invention Cellulose-reactive sizing agents such as those based on alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) are widely used in papermaking at neutral or slightly alkaline stock pH's in order to give paper and paper board some degree of resistance to wetting and penetration by aqueous liquids. Paper sizes based on cellulose-reactive sizing agents are generally provided in the form of dispersions containing an aqueous phase and finely divided particles or droplets of the sizing agent dispersed therein. The dispersions are usually prepared with the aid of a dispersant system consisting of an anionic compound, e.g. sodium lignosulfonate, in combination with a high molecular weight amphoteric or cationic polymer, e.g.
cationic starch, polyamine, polyamideamine or a vinyl addition polymer.
WO 96/17127 discloses aqueous dispersions which comprise a cellulose-reactive sizing agent and colloidal anionic aluminium-modified silica particles.
Field of the Invention The present invention relates to sizing of paper and more specifically to aqueous dispersions of cellulose-reactive sizing agent and their preparation and use.
Background of the Invention Cellulose-reactive sizing agents such as those based on alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) are widely used in papermaking at neutral or slightly alkaline stock pH's in order to give paper and paper board some degree of resistance to wetting and penetration by aqueous liquids. Paper sizes based on cellulose-reactive sizing agents are generally provided in the form of dispersions containing an aqueous phase and finely divided particles or droplets of the sizing agent dispersed therein. The dispersions are usually prepared with the aid of a dispersant system consisting of an anionic compound, e.g. sodium lignosulfonate, in combination with a high molecular weight amphoteric or cationic polymer, e.g.
cationic starch, polyamine, polyamideamine or a vinyl addition polymer.
WO 96/17127 discloses aqueous dispersions which comprise a cellulose-reactive sizing agent and colloidal anionic aluminium-modified silica particles.
2 discloses aqueous dispersions which comprise a reactive size and an anionic microparticulate material. The dispersions may also contain not more than 2%
(by weight based on the weight of the reactive size) of surfactant. The surfactant can be non-ionic or anionic.
WO 98/33979 Al discloses an aqueous dispersion of cellulose-reactive sizing agent and a dispersant system comprising a cationic organic compound and an anionic stabilizer.
Despite the fact that considerable improvements have been achieved in the preparation, properties and performance of aqueous dispersions of alkenyl succinic anhydride, there are still some technical problems associated with the use of such dispersions.
Usually, dispersions of alkenyl succinic anhydride exhibit poor stability, which evidently leads to diffi-culties in handling the dispersions, for example on storage and in use. One further drawback is that the aqueous dispersions cannot be stored for longer periods of time, because alkenyl succinic anhydride hydrolyses easily and thereby becomes ineffective as a sizing agent.
Therefore, the alkenyl succinic anhydride is usually delivered to paper mills as a liquid, which is then dispersed prior to its use as a sizing agent and the dispersion obtained is usually used within 2 hours to avoid the problems of insufficient stability and loss of sizing efficiency. The equipment used to prepare the dispersions provides high shear forces to be able to set surfaces free and produce dispersions having adequate particle size. Such equipment is often both complicated and expensive, and due to the high shear forces usually requires a considerable amount of energy.
It is an object of this invention to provide an aqueous dispersion of cellulose-reactive sizing agent which can be easily prepared using low shear forces and low energy consumption.
It is a further object of this invention to provide an aqueous dispersion of cellulose-reactive sizing agent showing improved stability and sizing efficiency. Further objects will appear hereinafter.
Summary of the Invention The invention relates to an aqueous dispersion of cellulose-reactive sizing agent containing an acid anhydride, an anionic polyelectrolyte and a nitrogen-containing organic compound which is an amine or quaternary ammonium thereof having a molecular weight less than 180 and/or having one or more hydroxyl groups.
The invention further relates to a method for the preparation of an aqueous dispersion of cellulose-reactive sizing agent which comprises dispersing an acid anhydride in an aqueous phase in the presence of an anionic polyelectrolyte and a nitrogen-containing organic compound which is an amine or quaternary ammonium thereof having a molecular weight less than 180 and/or having one or more hydroxyl groups.
The invention also relates to the use of the aqueous dispersion of cellulose-reactive sizing agent as a stock sizing agent or surface sizing agent in the production of paper. The invention further relates to a process for the production of paper which comprises adding the aqueous dispersion of cellulose-reactive sizing agent to an aqueous cellulosic suspension and dewatering the obtained suspension on a wire as well as a process for the production of paper which comprises applying the aqueous dispersion of cellulose-reactive sizing agent to a cellulosic web.
(by weight based on the weight of the reactive size) of surfactant. The surfactant can be non-ionic or anionic.
WO 98/33979 Al discloses an aqueous dispersion of cellulose-reactive sizing agent and a dispersant system comprising a cationic organic compound and an anionic stabilizer.
Despite the fact that considerable improvements have been achieved in the preparation, properties and performance of aqueous dispersions of alkenyl succinic anhydride, there are still some technical problems associated with the use of such dispersions.
Usually, dispersions of alkenyl succinic anhydride exhibit poor stability, which evidently leads to diffi-culties in handling the dispersions, for example on storage and in use. One further drawback is that the aqueous dispersions cannot be stored for longer periods of time, because alkenyl succinic anhydride hydrolyses easily and thereby becomes ineffective as a sizing agent.
Therefore, the alkenyl succinic anhydride is usually delivered to paper mills as a liquid, which is then dispersed prior to its use as a sizing agent and the dispersion obtained is usually used within 2 hours to avoid the problems of insufficient stability and loss of sizing efficiency. The equipment used to prepare the dispersions provides high shear forces to be able to set surfaces free and produce dispersions having adequate particle size. Such equipment is often both complicated and expensive, and due to the high shear forces usually requires a considerable amount of energy.
It is an object of this invention to provide an aqueous dispersion of cellulose-reactive sizing agent which can be easily prepared using low shear forces and low energy consumption.
It is a further object of this invention to provide an aqueous dispersion of cellulose-reactive sizing agent showing improved stability and sizing efficiency. Further objects will appear hereinafter.
Summary of the Invention The invention relates to an aqueous dispersion of cellulose-reactive sizing agent containing an acid anhydride, an anionic polyelectrolyte and a nitrogen-containing organic compound which is an amine or quaternary ammonium thereof having a molecular weight less than 180 and/or having one or more hydroxyl groups.
The invention further relates to a method for the preparation of an aqueous dispersion of cellulose-reactive sizing agent which comprises dispersing an acid anhydride in an aqueous phase in the presence of an anionic polyelectrolyte and a nitrogen-containing organic compound which is an amine or quaternary ammonium thereof having a molecular weight less than 180 and/or having one or more hydroxyl groups.
The invention also relates to the use of the aqueous dispersion of cellulose-reactive sizing agent as a stock sizing agent or surface sizing agent in the production of paper. The invention further relates to a process for the production of paper which comprises adding the aqueous dispersion of cellulose-reactive sizing agent to an aqueous cellulosic suspension and dewatering the obtained suspension on a wire as well as a process for the production of paper which comprises applying the aqueous dispersion of cellulose-reactive sizing agent to a cellulosic web.
3 Detailed Description of the Invention In accordance with the present invention it has been found that improved sizing of paper can be achieved by using the present aqueous dispersion of cellulose-reactive sizing agent. It has also been found that the present dispersions show better stability over conventional dispersions. Furthermore, it has been found that lower shear forces can be used to prepare the present aqueous dispersions compared to when preparing conventional aqueous dispersions of cellulose-reactive sizing agent. Hereby the present invention makes it possible to use simple and energy and investment saving equipment creating low shear forces, such as for example static mixers. The present invention thus offers substantial economical and technical benefits.
The cellulose-reactive sizing agent according to the invention can be selected from any acid anhydride-based sizing agent known in the art. Suitably, the sizing agent is a hydrophobic acid anhydride. Suitable hydrophobic acid anhydrides can be characterized by the general formula (I) below, wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon groups which suitably contain from 8 to 30 carbon atoms, or R1 and R2 together with the -GO-C- moiety can form a 5 to 6 membered ring, optionally being further substituted with hydrocarbon groups containing up to 30 carbon atoms.
(I) 0 0 II II
R1¨C-0¨C¨R2 25. Examples of suitable acid anhydrides include alkyl and alkenyl succinic anhydrides, e.g. iso-octadecenyl succinic anhydride, iso-octadecyl succinic anhydride, n-hexadecenyl succinic anhydride, dodecenyl succinic anhydride, decenyl succinic anhydride, octenyl succinic anhydride, tri-isobutenyl succinic anhydride, 1-octy1-2-decenyl-succinic anhydride and 1-hexyI-2-octenyl-succinic anhydride. Examples of suitable acid anhydrides further include the compounds disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,102,064; 3,821,069; 3,968,005;
The cellulose-reactive sizing agent according to the invention can be selected from any acid anhydride-based sizing agent known in the art. Suitably, the sizing agent is a hydrophobic acid anhydride. Suitable hydrophobic acid anhydrides can be characterized by the general formula (I) below, wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon groups which suitably contain from 8 to 30 carbon atoms, or R1 and R2 together with the -GO-C- moiety can form a 5 to 6 membered ring, optionally being further substituted with hydrocarbon groups containing up to 30 carbon atoms.
(I) 0 0 II II
R1¨C-0¨C¨R2 25. Examples of suitable acid anhydrides include alkyl and alkenyl succinic anhydrides, e.g. iso-octadecenyl succinic anhydride, iso-octadecyl succinic anhydride, n-hexadecenyl succinic anhydride, dodecenyl succinic anhydride, decenyl succinic anhydride, octenyl succinic anhydride, tri-isobutenyl succinic anhydride, 1-octy1-2-decenyl-succinic anhydride and 1-hexyI-2-octenyl-succinic anhydride. Examples of suitable acid anhydrides further include the compounds disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,102,064; 3,821,069; 3,968,005;
4,040,900;
4,522,686; and Re. 29,960.
The cellulose-reactive sizing agent according to the invention may contain one or more acid anhydrides, e.g. one or more alkyl and/or alkenyl succinic anhydrides.
Usually, the acid anhydride of this invention is liquid at room temperature.
The dispersion according to the invention contains a dispersant, or dispersant system, comprising an anionic polyelectrolyte and a nitrogen-containing organic compound. When used in combination, these compounds are effective as a dispersant for the acid anhydride sizing agent although the anionic polyelectrolyte and nitrogen-containing organic compound may not be effective as a dispersant when used singly. Preferably, the dispersion is anionic, i.e. the dispersant, or dispersant system, has an overall anionic charge.
The anionic polyelectrolyte according to the invention can be selected from organic and inorganic compounds and it can be derived from natural or synthetic sources.
The anionic polyelectrolyte has two or more anionic groups which can be of the same or different types.
Examples of suitable anionic groups, i.e. groups that are anionic or rendered anionic in an aqueous phase, include silanol, aluminosilicate, phosphate, phosphonate, sulphate, sulphonate, sulphonic and carboxylic acid groups as well as salts thereof, usually ammonium or alkali metal (generally sodium) salts. The anionic polyelectrolytes may be water-soluble, e.g. linear and branched anionic polyelectrolytes, or water-dispersable, e.g.
cross-linked and/or particulate anionic polyelectrolytes. Preferably, the water-dispersable and particulate anionic polyelectrolytes are colloidal, i.e. in the colloidal range of particle size. The colloidal particles suitably have a particle size from 1 nm to 100 nm, preferably from 2 to 70 nm and most preferably from 2 to 40 nm. The water-dispersable and particulate anionic polyelectrolytes may contain aggregated and/or non-aggregated particles.
Examples of suitable organic anionic polyelectrolytes include anionic polysaccharides like starches, guar gums, celluloses, chitins, chitosans, glycans, galactans, glucans, xanthan gums, mannans, and dextrins. Further examples of suitable organic anionic polyelectrolytes include synthetic anionic polymers such as condensation polymers, e.g.
polyurethanes and naphthalene-based and melamine-based polymers, e.g. condensated formaldehyde naphthalene sulfonates and polymers based on melamine-sulfonic acid, and vinyl addition polymers prepared from ethylenically unsaturated monomers including anionic or potentially anionic monomers, e.g. acrylic acid, methacylic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid, sulfonated styrene and phosphates of hydroxyalkyl acrylates and methacrylates, optionally copolymerized with non-ionic ethylenically unsaturated monomers, e.g. acrylamide, alkyl acrylates, styrene and acrylonitrile as well as derivatives of such monomers, vinyl esters, and the like.
Examples of further suitable organic anionic polyelectrolytes include water-soluble branched polymers and water-dispersible crosslinked polymers obtained by polymerization of a monomer mixture comprising one or more ethylenically unsaturated anionic or potentially anionic monomers and, optionally, one or more other ethylenically unsaturated monomers, in the presence of one or more polyfunctional crosslinking agents. The presence of a polyfunctional crosslinking agent in the monomer mixture renders possible preparation of branched polymers, slightly crosslinked polymers and highly crosslinked polymers that are water-dispersible. Examples of suitable polyfunctional crosslinking agents include compounds having at least two ethylenically unsaturated bonds, e.g. N,N-methylene-bis-(meth)acrylamide, polyethyleneglycol di(meth)acrylate, N-vinyl (meth)acrylamide, divinyl-
4,522,686; and Re. 29,960.
The cellulose-reactive sizing agent according to the invention may contain one or more acid anhydrides, e.g. one or more alkyl and/or alkenyl succinic anhydrides.
Usually, the acid anhydride of this invention is liquid at room temperature.
The dispersion according to the invention contains a dispersant, or dispersant system, comprising an anionic polyelectrolyte and a nitrogen-containing organic compound. When used in combination, these compounds are effective as a dispersant for the acid anhydride sizing agent although the anionic polyelectrolyte and nitrogen-containing organic compound may not be effective as a dispersant when used singly. Preferably, the dispersion is anionic, i.e. the dispersant, or dispersant system, has an overall anionic charge.
The anionic polyelectrolyte according to the invention can be selected from organic and inorganic compounds and it can be derived from natural or synthetic sources.
The anionic polyelectrolyte has two or more anionic groups which can be of the same or different types.
Examples of suitable anionic groups, i.e. groups that are anionic or rendered anionic in an aqueous phase, include silanol, aluminosilicate, phosphate, phosphonate, sulphate, sulphonate, sulphonic and carboxylic acid groups as well as salts thereof, usually ammonium or alkali metal (generally sodium) salts. The anionic polyelectrolytes may be water-soluble, e.g. linear and branched anionic polyelectrolytes, or water-dispersable, e.g.
cross-linked and/or particulate anionic polyelectrolytes. Preferably, the water-dispersable and particulate anionic polyelectrolytes are colloidal, i.e. in the colloidal range of particle size. The colloidal particles suitably have a particle size from 1 nm to 100 nm, preferably from 2 to 70 nm and most preferably from 2 to 40 nm. The water-dispersable and particulate anionic polyelectrolytes may contain aggregated and/or non-aggregated particles.
Examples of suitable organic anionic polyelectrolytes include anionic polysaccharides like starches, guar gums, celluloses, chitins, chitosans, glycans, galactans, glucans, xanthan gums, mannans, and dextrins. Further examples of suitable organic anionic polyelectrolytes include synthetic anionic polymers such as condensation polymers, e.g.
polyurethanes and naphthalene-based and melamine-based polymers, e.g. condensated formaldehyde naphthalene sulfonates and polymers based on melamine-sulfonic acid, and vinyl addition polymers prepared from ethylenically unsaturated monomers including anionic or potentially anionic monomers, e.g. acrylic acid, methacylic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid, sulfonated styrene and phosphates of hydroxyalkyl acrylates and methacrylates, optionally copolymerized with non-ionic ethylenically unsaturated monomers, e.g. acrylamide, alkyl acrylates, styrene and acrylonitrile as well as derivatives of such monomers, vinyl esters, and the like.
Examples of further suitable organic anionic polyelectrolytes include water-soluble branched polymers and water-dispersible crosslinked polymers obtained by polymerization of a monomer mixture comprising one or more ethylenically unsaturated anionic or potentially anionic monomers and, optionally, one or more other ethylenically unsaturated monomers, in the presence of one or more polyfunctional crosslinking agents. The presence of a polyfunctional crosslinking agent in the monomer mixture renders possible preparation of branched polymers, slightly crosslinked polymers and highly crosslinked polymers that are water-dispersible. Examples of suitable polyfunctional crosslinking agents include compounds having at least two ethylenically unsaturated bonds, e.g. N,N-methylene-bis-(meth)acrylamide, polyethyleneglycol di(meth)acrylate, N-vinyl (meth)acrylamide, divinyl-
5 benzene, triallylammonium salts and N-methylallyl(meth)acrylamide;
compounds having an ethylenically unsaturated bond and a reactive group, e.g. glycidyl (meth)acrylate, acrolein and methylol(meth)acrylamide; and compounds having at least two reactive groups, e.g.
dialdehydes like glyoxal, diepoxy compounds and epichlorohydrin.
The organic anionic polyelectrolyte usually has a degree of anionic substitution (DSA) from 0.01 to 1.4, suitably from 0.1 to 1.2 and preferably from 0.2 to 1Ø The anionic polyelectrolyte may contain one or more cationic groups as long as it has an overall anionic charge. The molecular weight of the anionic polyelectrolyte can vary within wide ranges;
usually the molecular weight is above 200 and suitably above 500, whereas the upper limit is usually 10 million and preferably 2 million.
Examples of suitable inorganic anionic polyelectrolytes include anionic siliceous materials, e.g. anionic silica-based materials prepared from silicic acid and clays of the smectite type.
Usually, these anionic polyelectrolytes have negative silanol, aluminosilicate or hydroxyl groups. Examples of suitable inorganic anionic polyelectrolytes include polysilicic acid, polysilicates, polyaluminiumsilicates, colloidal silica-based particles, e.g.
particles of silica, aluminated (aluminium-modified) silica and aluminiumsilicate, polysilicate microgels, polyaluminiumsilicate microgels, silica gels and precipitated silica, smectite clays, e.g.
montmorillonite, bentonite, hectorite, beidelite, nontronite and saponite.
Preferred anionic polyelectrolytes include silica-based materials, e.g. colloidal silica-based particles.
The nitrogen-containing organic compound according to the invention is an amine or quaternary ammonium thereof. Suitable nitrogen-containing organic compounds include primary, secondary and tertiary amines and quaternary ammoniums thereof.
Suitable nitrogen-containing organic compounds further include monoamines, diamines and polyamines and quaternary ammoniums thereof. Suitable quaternary ammoniums include protonated, alkylated, arylated and alkarylated amines of the above-mentioned types, which can be formed by reaction of the amines with, for example, acids, e.g.
hydrochloric acid, and methyl chloride, dimethyl sulphate and benzyl chloride. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the nitrogen-containing organic compound is an amine or quaternary ammonium thereof having one or more hydroxyl groups. Preferably, one or more hydroxyl groups are
compounds having an ethylenically unsaturated bond and a reactive group, e.g. glycidyl (meth)acrylate, acrolein and methylol(meth)acrylamide; and compounds having at least two reactive groups, e.g.
dialdehydes like glyoxal, diepoxy compounds and epichlorohydrin.
The organic anionic polyelectrolyte usually has a degree of anionic substitution (DSA) from 0.01 to 1.4, suitably from 0.1 to 1.2 and preferably from 0.2 to 1Ø The anionic polyelectrolyte may contain one or more cationic groups as long as it has an overall anionic charge. The molecular weight of the anionic polyelectrolyte can vary within wide ranges;
usually the molecular weight is above 200 and suitably above 500, whereas the upper limit is usually 10 million and preferably 2 million.
Examples of suitable inorganic anionic polyelectrolytes include anionic siliceous materials, e.g. anionic silica-based materials prepared from silicic acid and clays of the smectite type.
Usually, these anionic polyelectrolytes have negative silanol, aluminosilicate or hydroxyl groups. Examples of suitable inorganic anionic polyelectrolytes include polysilicic acid, polysilicates, polyaluminiumsilicates, colloidal silica-based particles, e.g.
particles of silica, aluminated (aluminium-modified) silica and aluminiumsilicate, polysilicate microgels, polyaluminiumsilicate microgels, silica gels and precipitated silica, smectite clays, e.g.
montmorillonite, bentonite, hectorite, beidelite, nontronite and saponite.
Preferred anionic polyelectrolytes include silica-based materials, e.g. colloidal silica-based particles.
The nitrogen-containing organic compound according to the invention is an amine or quaternary ammonium thereof. Suitable nitrogen-containing organic compounds include primary, secondary and tertiary amines and quaternary ammoniums thereof.
Suitable nitrogen-containing organic compounds further include monoamines, diamines and polyamines and quaternary ammoniums thereof. Suitable quaternary ammoniums include protonated, alkylated, arylated and alkarylated amines of the above-mentioned types, which can be formed by reaction of the amines with, for example, acids, e.g.
hydrochloric acid, and methyl chloride, dimethyl sulphate and benzyl chloride. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the nitrogen-containing organic compound is an amine or quaternary ammonium thereof having one or more hydroxyl groups. Preferably, one or more hydroxyl groups are
6 present in a terminal position of one or more substituents of the nitrogen-containing compound, i.e. a hydroxyl group terminated amine or quaternary ammonium thereof.
Examples of suitable nitrogen-containing organic compounds include the following amines and their quaternary ammoniums: diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, hexamethylene diamine, diethyl amine, dipropyl amine, di-isopropyl amine, cyclohexylamine, pyrrolidine, guanidine, triethanol amine, monoethanol amine, diethanol amine, 2-methoxyethyl amine, aminoethylethanol amine, alanine and lysine. Further examples of suitable nitrogen-containing organic compounds include choline hydroxide, tetramethyl ammoniumhydroxide, tetraethyl ammoniumhydroxide. Preferred nitrogen-containing organic compounds include triethanol amine and quaternary ammoniums thereof.
The molecular weight of the nitrogen containing organic compound can vary within wide limits. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the molecular weight of the amine or quaternary ammonium thereof is less than 180, suitably up to 170 and preferably up to 160.
The molecular weight is usually at least 30. As stated herein, the molecular weight of a quaternary ammonium of an amine means the molecular weight of the cationic part of the quaternary ammonium compound, meaning that the anionic part of the quaternary ammonium compound is not included in the molecular weights given above. For nitrogen-containing organic compounds which are selected from amines and quaternary ammoniums thereof having one or more hydroxyl groups, the molecular weights may be higher, e.g. less than 500 and usually less than 300, although the above-mentioned molecular weights are also suitable for such compounds.
In the present aqueous dispersion, or emulsion, the acid anhydride may be present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 50% by weight, suitably from 0.1 to about 30% by weight and preferably from about 1 to about 20% by weight, based on the weight of the aqueous dispersion. The anionic polyelectrolyte is usually present in an amount of up to about 100%
by weight, usually from 0.1 to 15% by weight, suitably from 0.5 to 10% by weight and preferably from 1 to 7% by weight, based on the weight of the acid anhydride.
The nitrogen containing organic compound can be present in an amount of up to 20% by weight, usually from 0.1 to 15% by weight, suitably from 0.5 to 10% by weight and preferably from 1 to 7%
by weight, based on the weight of the acid anhydride. In addition to the acid anhydride, anionic polyelectrolyte and nitrogen containing organic compound, optional additional compounds may be present in the dispersion. Examples of such compounds include mono-, di- and poly-anionic and non-ionic surfactants and dispersing agents, stabilizers, extenders and preservative agents such as, for example, hydrolyzed acid anhydrides, e.g.
hydrolyzed
Examples of suitable nitrogen-containing organic compounds include the following amines and their quaternary ammoniums: diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, hexamethylene diamine, diethyl amine, dipropyl amine, di-isopropyl amine, cyclohexylamine, pyrrolidine, guanidine, triethanol amine, monoethanol amine, diethanol amine, 2-methoxyethyl amine, aminoethylethanol amine, alanine and lysine. Further examples of suitable nitrogen-containing organic compounds include choline hydroxide, tetramethyl ammoniumhydroxide, tetraethyl ammoniumhydroxide. Preferred nitrogen-containing organic compounds include triethanol amine and quaternary ammoniums thereof.
The molecular weight of the nitrogen containing organic compound can vary within wide limits. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the molecular weight of the amine or quaternary ammonium thereof is less than 180, suitably up to 170 and preferably up to 160.
The molecular weight is usually at least 30. As stated herein, the molecular weight of a quaternary ammonium of an amine means the molecular weight of the cationic part of the quaternary ammonium compound, meaning that the anionic part of the quaternary ammonium compound is not included in the molecular weights given above. For nitrogen-containing organic compounds which are selected from amines and quaternary ammoniums thereof having one or more hydroxyl groups, the molecular weights may be higher, e.g. less than 500 and usually less than 300, although the above-mentioned molecular weights are also suitable for such compounds.
In the present aqueous dispersion, or emulsion, the acid anhydride may be present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 50% by weight, suitably from 0.1 to about 30% by weight and preferably from about 1 to about 20% by weight, based on the weight of the aqueous dispersion. The anionic polyelectrolyte is usually present in an amount of up to about 100%
by weight, usually from 0.1 to 15% by weight, suitably from 0.5 to 10% by weight and preferably from 1 to 7% by weight, based on the weight of the acid anhydride.
The nitrogen containing organic compound can be present in an amount of up to 20% by weight, usually from 0.1 to 15% by weight, suitably from 0.5 to 10% by weight and preferably from 1 to 7%
by weight, based on the weight of the acid anhydride. In addition to the acid anhydride, anionic polyelectrolyte and nitrogen containing organic compound, optional additional compounds may be present in the dispersion. Examples of such compounds include mono-, di- and poly-anionic and non-ionic surfactants and dispersing agents, stabilizers, extenders and preservative agents such as, for example, hydrolyzed acid anhydrides, e.g.
hydrolyzed
7 alkyl and alkenyl acid anhydrides as mentioned above, preferably hydrolyzed alkenyl succinic anhydrides, e.g. hydrolyzed acid anhydrides in the form of carboxylic acid and/or carboxylic acid ester derivatives, anionic surfactants like phosphate esters, such as ethoxylated phosphate esters, alkyl sulphates, sulphonates and phosphates, alkylaryl sulphates, sulphonates and phosphates, e.g. sodium lauryl sulphonate and ethoxylated, phosphated isotridecylalcohol. If present, the content of such additional compounds in the dispersion can be from 0.1 to 15% by weight, suitably from 1 to 10% by weight and preferably from 2 to 7% by weight, based on the weight of the acid anhydride.
Water is also present in the dispersion and may constitute the remainder of the dispersion up to 100% by weight.
The dispersion according to the invention can be produced by forming a mixture containing the acid anhydride, anionic polyelectrolyte and nitrogen-containing organic compound as defined above and dispersing the mixture in the presence of water. The components of the dispersion may be admixed in any order but preferably the anionic polyelectrolyte and the nitrogen-containing organic compound are mixed and diluted with water to appropriate concentration, and then the acid anhydride is dispersed therein. The mixture may be dispersed by using suitable dispersing equipment providing sufficient degree of dispersing, e.g. a static mixer providing relatively low shear forces. The obtained dispersion contains droplets of acid anhydride usually having a droplet size of from 0.1 to 10 gm in diameter.
The aqueous sizing dispersions according to the invention can be used in conventional manner in the production of paper using any type of cellulosic fibres and they can be used both for surface sizing and internal sizing. The term "paper", as used herein, is meant to include not only paper but all types of cellulosic products in sheet and web form including, for example, board and paperboard. The cellulosic suspension and finished paper can also contain mineral fillers, and usually the content of cellulosic fibres is at least 50% by weight, based on dry cellulosic suspension or finished paper. Examples of mineral fillers of conventional types include kaolin, china clay, titanium dioxide, gypsum, talc and natural and synthetic calcium carbonates such as chalk, ground marble and precipitated calcium carbonate. The present invention also relates to a process for the production of paper in which the present aqueous sizing dispersion is either added to an aqueous cellulosic suspension or applied to a cellulosic sheet or web. Suitably the amount of cellulose-reactive sizing agent either added to the cellulosic suspension to be drained on a wire to form paper, or applied to the surface of a cellulosic sheet or web as a surface size, usually at the size press, is from 0.01 to 1.0% by weight, based on dry cellulosic suspension and optional
Water is also present in the dispersion and may constitute the remainder of the dispersion up to 100% by weight.
The dispersion according to the invention can be produced by forming a mixture containing the acid anhydride, anionic polyelectrolyte and nitrogen-containing organic compound as defined above and dispersing the mixture in the presence of water. The components of the dispersion may be admixed in any order but preferably the anionic polyelectrolyte and the nitrogen-containing organic compound are mixed and diluted with water to appropriate concentration, and then the acid anhydride is dispersed therein. The mixture may be dispersed by using suitable dispersing equipment providing sufficient degree of dispersing, e.g. a static mixer providing relatively low shear forces. The obtained dispersion contains droplets of acid anhydride usually having a droplet size of from 0.1 to 10 gm in diameter.
The aqueous sizing dispersions according to the invention can be used in conventional manner in the production of paper using any type of cellulosic fibres and they can be used both for surface sizing and internal sizing. The term "paper", as used herein, is meant to include not only paper but all types of cellulosic products in sheet and web form including, for example, board and paperboard. The cellulosic suspension and finished paper can also contain mineral fillers, and usually the content of cellulosic fibres is at least 50% by weight, based on dry cellulosic suspension or finished paper. Examples of mineral fillers of conventional types include kaolin, china clay, titanium dioxide, gypsum, talc and natural and synthetic calcium carbonates such as chalk, ground marble and precipitated calcium carbonate. The present invention also relates to a process for the production of paper in which the present aqueous sizing dispersion is either added to an aqueous cellulosic suspension or applied to a cellulosic sheet or web. Suitably the amount of cellulose-reactive sizing agent either added to the cellulosic suspension to be drained on a wire to form paper, or applied to the surface of a cellulosic sheet or web as a surface size, usually at the size press, is from 0.01 to 1.0% by weight, based on dry cellulosic suspension and optional
8 fillers, preferably from 0.05 to 0.5% by weight, where the dosage is mainly dependent on the quality of the pulp or paper to be sized and the level of sizing desired.
The aqueous sizing dispersions according to the invention are particularly useful in the manufacture of paper from an aqueous cellulosic suspension that has a high conductivity.
The conductivity of the suspension that is dewatered on the wire can be within the range of from 0.3 mS/cm to 10 mS/cm. According to this invention, good results can be achieved when the conductivity is at least 2.0 mS/cm, notably at least 3.5 mS/cm, particularly at least 5.0 mS/cm and even at least 7.5 ms/cm. Conductivity can be measured by standard equipment such as, for example, a WTVV LF 330 instrument supplied by Christian Berner.
The values referred to above are suitably determined by measuring the conductivity of the cellulosic suspension that is fed into or present in the headbox of the paper machine or, alternatively, by measuring the conductivity of white water obtained by dewatering the suspension. High conductivity levels mean high contents of salts (electrolytes) which can be derived from the materials used to form the stock, from various additives introduced into the stock, from the fresh water supplied to the process, etc. Further, the content of salts is usually higher in processes where white water is extensively recirculated, which may lead to considerable accumulation of salts in the water circulating in the process.
Chemicals conventionally added to the cellulosic suspension in papermaking such as retention aids, aluminium compounds, dyes, wet-strength resins, optical brightening agents, etc., can of course be used in conjunction with the present dispersion.
Examples of aluminium compounds include alum, aluminates and polyaluminium compounds, e.g.
polyaluminium chlorides and sulphates. Examples of suitable retention aids include cationic polymers, anionic inorganic materials in combination with organic polymers, e.g. bentonite in combination with cationic polymers, silica-based sols in combination with cationic polymers or cationic and anionic polymers. Particularly good sizing can be obtained when using the dispersion of the invention in combination with retention aids comprising cationic polymers.
Suitable cationic polymers include cationic starch, acrylate-based and acrylamide-based polymers, polyethyleneimine, polyamines, polyamidoamines and poly(diallyldimethyl ammoniumchloride) and combinations thereof. Preferred retention aids include cationic starch and cationic acrylamide-based polymers. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the dispersions are used in combination with a retention system comprising at least one cationic polymer and anionic siliceous material, e.g. silica-based particles or bentonite. It is possible to pre-mix one or more components of the present dispersion with a retention aid, e.g. an anionic siliceous material, prior to introducing the mixture so obtained into the cellulosic suspension. Accordingly, the present aqueous sizing dispersion can be prepared
The aqueous sizing dispersions according to the invention are particularly useful in the manufacture of paper from an aqueous cellulosic suspension that has a high conductivity.
The conductivity of the suspension that is dewatered on the wire can be within the range of from 0.3 mS/cm to 10 mS/cm. According to this invention, good results can be achieved when the conductivity is at least 2.0 mS/cm, notably at least 3.5 mS/cm, particularly at least 5.0 mS/cm and even at least 7.5 ms/cm. Conductivity can be measured by standard equipment such as, for example, a WTVV LF 330 instrument supplied by Christian Berner.
The values referred to above are suitably determined by measuring the conductivity of the cellulosic suspension that is fed into or present in the headbox of the paper machine or, alternatively, by measuring the conductivity of white water obtained by dewatering the suspension. High conductivity levels mean high contents of salts (electrolytes) which can be derived from the materials used to form the stock, from various additives introduced into the stock, from the fresh water supplied to the process, etc. Further, the content of salts is usually higher in processes where white water is extensively recirculated, which may lead to considerable accumulation of salts in the water circulating in the process.
Chemicals conventionally added to the cellulosic suspension in papermaking such as retention aids, aluminium compounds, dyes, wet-strength resins, optical brightening agents, etc., can of course be used in conjunction with the present dispersion.
Examples of aluminium compounds include alum, aluminates and polyaluminium compounds, e.g.
polyaluminium chlorides and sulphates. Examples of suitable retention aids include cationic polymers, anionic inorganic materials in combination with organic polymers, e.g. bentonite in combination with cationic polymers, silica-based sols in combination with cationic polymers or cationic and anionic polymers. Particularly good sizing can be obtained when using the dispersion of the invention in combination with retention aids comprising cationic polymers.
Suitable cationic polymers include cationic starch, acrylate-based and acrylamide-based polymers, polyethyleneimine, polyamines, polyamidoamines and poly(diallyldimethyl ammoniumchloride) and combinations thereof. Preferred retention aids include cationic starch and cationic acrylamide-based polymers. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the dispersions are used in combination with a retention system comprising at least one cationic polymer and anionic siliceous material, e.g. silica-based particles or bentonite. It is possible to pre-mix one or more components of the present dispersion with a retention aid, e.g. an anionic siliceous material, prior to introducing the mixture so obtained into the cellulosic suspension. Accordingly, the present aqueous sizing dispersion can be prepared
9 just prior to introducing it into the cellulosic suspension by bringing into contact the acid anhydride and nitrogen containing organic compound with an anionic polyelectrolyte such as, for example, an aqueous siliceous material, e.g. a silica-based sol or bentonite slurry.
The invention is further illustrated in the following examples, which, however, are not intended to limit the same. Parts and % relate to parts by weight and % by weight, respec-tively, unless otherwise stated.
Example 1 Aqueous dispersions according to the invention were prepared by dispersing alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) based on an olefin fraction comprising iso-hexadecenyl and iso-octadecenyl succinic anhydride in the presence of a mixture of anionic polyelectrolyte and amine in a Hash pipe static mixer.
Aqueous dispersions used for comparison in this and further examples were prepared in a similar manner, except that no amine, no colloidal silica, high molecular weight amines and/or amines having no hydroxyl groups were used.
The anionic polyelectrolyte used in this example was colloidal silica (Eka NP
590) in the form of an aqueous sol having a Si02 content of 8.1% by weight and containing silica particles with a specific surface area of 850 m2/g which were aluminum-modified. The amine used in this example was triethanol amine (TEA) having a molecular weight of 149.
The anionic polyelectrolyte and amine were mixed in the presence of water to form a mixture which was pumped into one end of the pipe at a flow of 3.17 Umin, and concentrated ASA was pumped in from the side of the pipe at a flow of 0.167 Umin. The pressure drop over the mixing unit was 3.4 bar. The obtained dispersion had an ASA
content of 5% by weight, anionic polyelectrolyte content (in this example;
Si02 content) of 5.0% by weight, based on the ASA, and amine content varying from 0 to 2.0% by weight, based on the ASA.
Dispersions 1 to 4 were prepared, as shown in Table 1, in which the given Si02 and amine contents are based on ASA.
Table 1 Dispersion Si02 TEA
No. (%) (%) 2 5 0.5 3 5 1.0 4 5 2.0 The particle size of the ASA droplets was measured in a Malvern Mastersizer Microplus after dilution of the dispersions with water to an ASA content of 0.5% by weight The 5 results are shown in Table 2. D(v 0.1), D(v 0.5) and D(v 0.9) means that
The invention is further illustrated in the following examples, which, however, are not intended to limit the same. Parts and % relate to parts by weight and % by weight, respec-tively, unless otherwise stated.
Example 1 Aqueous dispersions according to the invention were prepared by dispersing alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) based on an olefin fraction comprising iso-hexadecenyl and iso-octadecenyl succinic anhydride in the presence of a mixture of anionic polyelectrolyte and amine in a Hash pipe static mixer.
Aqueous dispersions used for comparison in this and further examples were prepared in a similar manner, except that no amine, no colloidal silica, high molecular weight amines and/or amines having no hydroxyl groups were used.
The anionic polyelectrolyte used in this example was colloidal silica (Eka NP
590) in the form of an aqueous sol having a Si02 content of 8.1% by weight and containing silica particles with a specific surface area of 850 m2/g which were aluminum-modified. The amine used in this example was triethanol amine (TEA) having a molecular weight of 149.
The anionic polyelectrolyte and amine were mixed in the presence of water to form a mixture which was pumped into one end of the pipe at a flow of 3.17 Umin, and concentrated ASA was pumped in from the side of the pipe at a flow of 0.167 Umin. The pressure drop over the mixing unit was 3.4 bar. The obtained dispersion had an ASA
content of 5% by weight, anionic polyelectrolyte content (in this example;
Si02 content) of 5.0% by weight, based on the ASA, and amine content varying from 0 to 2.0% by weight, based on the ASA.
Dispersions 1 to 4 were prepared, as shown in Table 1, in which the given Si02 and amine contents are based on ASA.
Table 1 Dispersion Si02 TEA
No. (%) (%) 2 5 0.5 3 5 1.0 4 5 2.0 The particle size of the ASA droplets was measured in a Malvern Mastersizer Microplus after dilution of the dispersions with water to an ASA content of 0.5% by weight The 5 results are shown in Table 2. D(v 0.1), D(v 0.5) and D(v 0.9) means that
10, 50 and 90%
of the particles, respectively, had a diameter less than the given size.
Table 2 Dispersion Particle Size (pm) D(v 0.1) D(v 0.5) D(v 0.9) 1 0.43 4.64 12.42 2 0.82 2.32 6.88 3 0.50 1.78 5.40 4 0.59 1.43 5.30 10 As can be seen from Table 2, the dispersions according to the present invention, Dispersion Nos. 2 to 4, resulted in smaller particle sizes over the dispersion used for comparison, Dispersion No. 1.
Sizing efficiency was evaluated by preparing hand sheets according to the standard method SCAN-C26:76 and sizing was measured as Cobb-60 values according to the standard method Tappi 1441.
Paper sheets were prepared according to a process in which the dispersions were added to an aqueous cellulosic suspension comprising recyded pulp having a fiber concentration of 0.5 g/I, conductivity of 0.7 mS/cm and pH around 7Ø The dispersions were added in amounts of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kg/t, calculated as ASA and based on the weight of dry cellulosic suspension. A retention system was used comprising 6 kg/t of TM TM
cationic potato starch (Perlbond 970) and 0.5 kg/t of silica sol (Eka NP 442), calculated as dry substances on dry cellulosic suspension.
of the particles, respectively, had a diameter less than the given size.
Table 2 Dispersion Particle Size (pm) D(v 0.1) D(v 0.5) D(v 0.9) 1 0.43 4.64 12.42 2 0.82 2.32 6.88 3 0.50 1.78 5.40 4 0.59 1.43 5.30 10 As can be seen from Table 2, the dispersions according to the present invention, Dispersion Nos. 2 to 4, resulted in smaller particle sizes over the dispersion used for comparison, Dispersion No. 1.
Sizing efficiency was evaluated by preparing hand sheets according to the standard method SCAN-C26:76 and sizing was measured as Cobb-60 values according to the standard method Tappi 1441.
Paper sheets were prepared according to a process in which the dispersions were added to an aqueous cellulosic suspension comprising recyded pulp having a fiber concentration of 0.5 g/I, conductivity of 0.7 mS/cm and pH around 7Ø The dispersions were added in amounts of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kg/t, calculated as ASA and based on the weight of dry cellulosic suspension. A retention system was used comprising 6 kg/t of TM TM
cationic potato starch (Perlbond 970) and 0.5 kg/t of silica sol (Eka NP 442), calculated as dry substances on dry cellulosic suspension.
11 Cobb-60 values were measured and the results are presented in Table 3. A lower Cobb value means that a lower amount of water was absorbed and therefore better sizing was achieved.
Table 3 Dispersion Cobb-60 No. 0.5 kg/t 1.0 kg/t 1.5 kg/t As can be seen from Table 3, the dispersions according to the present invention, Dispersion Nos. 2 to 4, resulted in improved sizing efficiency over the dispersion used for comparison, Dispersion No. 1.
Example 2 Dispersions were prepared and sizing efficiency of the dispersions was evaluated according to the general procedures of Example 1, except that varying contents of silica were used and the amine content was constant. The dispersions had an ASA
content of 5% by weight, based on the weight of the dispersion. Table 4 shows the results.
Table 4 Dispersion Si02 TEA Cobb-60 No. (%) (%) (1 kg/t) As can be seen from Table 4, the dispersions according to the present invention, Dispersion Nos. 6 to 9, resulted in improved sizing efficiency over the dispersion used for comparison, Dispersion No. 5.
Table 3 Dispersion Cobb-60 No. 0.5 kg/t 1.0 kg/t 1.5 kg/t As can be seen from Table 3, the dispersions according to the present invention, Dispersion Nos. 2 to 4, resulted in improved sizing efficiency over the dispersion used for comparison, Dispersion No. 1.
Example 2 Dispersions were prepared and sizing efficiency of the dispersions was evaluated according to the general procedures of Example 1, except that varying contents of silica were used and the amine content was constant. The dispersions had an ASA
content of 5% by weight, based on the weight of the dispersion. Table 4 shows the results.
Table 4 Dispersion Si02 TEA Cobb-60 No. (%) (%) (1 kg/t) As can be seen from Table 4, the dispersions according to the present invention, Dispersion Nos. 6 to 9, resulted in improved sizing efficiency over the dispersion used for comparison, Dispersion No. 5.
12 Example 3 Dispersions were prepared and evaluated according to the general procedures of Example 1. Comparisons of the dispersions were made in aqueous cellulosic suspensions having increased conductivity by addition of calcium chloride. Conductivity of the suspensions was measured by using a WTVV LF 330 instrument from Christian Berner. The results are presented in table 5.
Table 5 Dispersion ASA Si02 TEA Conductivity Cobb-60 No. (%) (%) (%) mS/cm 0.5 kg/t 1.0 kg/t 1.5 kg/t As can be seen from Table 5, the dispersion according to the present invention, Dispersion No. 11, showed considerably better sizing efficiency than the dispersion used for comparison, Dispersion No. 10, when the conductivity of the suspension was increased.
Example 4 Dispersions were prepared and evaluated according to the general procedures of Example 1, except that different amines were used. The obtained dispersion had an ASA
content of 5% by weight, Si02 content of 5.0% by weight, based on the ASA, and amine content of 2.0% by weight, based on the ASA.
The amines used were triethanol amine (TEA) having a molecular weight of 149, diethylene triamine (DETA) having a molecular weight of 103, a fractioned coconut fatty amine (FCA) having a molecular weight of about 200, and a dihydrogenated tallow dimethylammonium chloride (DTDMAC) having a molecular weight of about 530.
The particle sizes are presented in Table 6.
Table 5 Dispersion ASA Si02 TEA Conductivity Cobb-60 No. (%) (%) (%) mS/cm 0.5 kg/t 1.0 kg/t 1.5 kg/t As can be seen from Table 5, the dispersion according to the present invention, Dispersion No. 11, showed considerably better sizing efficiency than the dispersion used for comparison, Dispersion No. 10, when the conductivity of the suspension was increased.
Example 4 Dispersions were prepared and evaluated according to the general procedures of Example 1, except that different amines were used. The obtained dispersion had an ASA
content of 5% by weight, Si02 content of 5.0% by weight, based on the ASA, and amine content of 2.0% by weight, based on the ASA.
The amines used were triethanol amine (TEA) having a molecular weight of 149, diethylene triamine (DETA) having a molecular weight of 103, a fractioned coconut fatty amine (FCA) having a molecular weight of about 200, and a dihydrogenated tallow dimethylammonium chloride (DTDMAC) having a molecular weight of about 530.
The particle sizes are presented in Table 6.
13 Table 6 Dispersion Amine in Particle Size (pm) No. Dispersion D(v 0.1) D(v 0.5) D(v 0.9) 12 DTDMAC 0.34 2.05 9.79 13 FCA 0.41 33.2 211.0
14 DETA 0.13 0.41 1.86
15 TEA 0.11 0.27 0.67 The results of evaluating sizing efficiency are shown in Table 7.
Table 7 Dispersion Amine in Cobb-60 No. Dispersion 0.5 kg/t 1.0 kg/t 1.5 kg/t As can be seen from Tables 6 and 7, the dispersions according to the present invention, Dispersion Nos. 14 and 15, which contained amines having a molecular weight less than 180 (Dispersion Nos. 14 and 15) and having hydroxyl groups (Dispersion No.15), resulted 10 in smaller particle size and considerably improved sizing efficiency over the dispersions used for comparison, Dispersion Nos. 12 and 13. This also means that less energy was required to set surfaces free according to the present invention.
Example 5 Dispersions were prepared and evaluated according to the general procedures of Example 1, except that different anionic polyelectrolytes were used. The obtained dispersion had an ASA content of 5% by weight, 5i02 content of 5.0% by weight, based on the ASA, and triethanol amine content 0 or 2.0% by weight, based on the ASA. The anionic polyelectrolytes used are shown in Table 8.
Table 8 Anionic Description Trade name Primary particle Polyelectrolyte size (nm) A Colloidal Aluminated Eka NP 590 3 Silica B Colloidal Silica Eka BMA-0 5.5 C Colloidal Silica Bindzil 50/80 34 D Bentonite Hydrocol flake structure E Bentonite Opazil AV flake structure The bentonites were slurried in water (5% by weight bentonite) and stored for 5 days in order to achieve sufficient swelling and delamination.
Particle size was determined and stability was evaluated. Stability was measured 2 hours after preparation. If still stable after 24 hours, the particle size was determined again. The term "sep." means separation. The results are shown in Table 9.
Table 9 Anionic Particle Size (pm) Dispersion Poly- Amine Stability / D(v 0.5) No. electrolyte Content Separation (24 h) (%) D(v 0.1) D(v 0.5) D(v 0.9) (2 h)
Table 7 Dispersion Amine in Cobb-60 No. Dispersion 0.5 kg/t 1.0 kg/t 1.5 kg/t As can be seen from Tables 6 and 7, the dispersions according to the present invention, Dispersion Nos. 14 and 15, which contained amines having a molecular weight less than 180 (Dispersion Nos. 14 and 15) and having hydroxyl groups (Dispersion No.15), resulted 10 in smaller particle size and considerably improved sizing efficiency over the dispersions used for comparison, Dispersion Nos. 12 and 13. This also means that less energy was required to set surfaces free according to the present invention.
Example 5 Dispersions were prepared and evaluated according to the general procedures of Example 1, except that different anionic polyelectrolytes were used. The obtained dispersion had an ASA content of 5% by weight, 5i02 content of 5.0% by weight, based on the ASA, and triethanol amine content 0 or 2.0% by weight, based on the ASA. The anionic polyelectrolytes used are shown in Table 8.
Table 8 Anionic Description Trade name Primary particle Polyelectrolyte size (nm) A Colloidal Aluminated Eka NP 590 3 Silica B Colloidal Silica Eka BMA-0 5.5 C Colloidal Silica Bindzil 50/80 34 D Bentonite Hydrocol flake structure E Bentonite Opazil AV flake structure The bentonites were slurried in water (5% by weight bentonite) and stored for 5 days in order to achieve sufficient swelling and delamination.
Particle size was determined and stability was evaluated. Stability was measured 2 hours after preparation. If still stable after 24 hours, the particle size was determined again. The term "sep." means separation. The results are shown in Table 9.
Table 9 Anionic Particle Size (pm) Dispersion Poly- Amine Stability / D(v 0.5) No. electrolyte Content Separation (24 h) (%) D(v 0.1) D(v 0.5) D(v 0.9) (2 h)
16 A - 0.21 1.21 8.29 Small sep. -
17 A 2 0.10 0.27 0.83 Stable 0.27
18 B - 0.25 1.26 6.69 Small sep. -
19 B 2 0.16 0.33 0.80 Stable 0.27 C - 0.27 1.99 13.24 Small sep. -21 C 2 0.10 0.27 0.70 Stable 0.27 22 D - 0.20 1.74 10.67 Separation -23 D 2 0.10 0.25 0.66 Stable 0.23 24 E - 14.32 24.5 38.8 Separation -E 2 0.11 0.27 0.64 Stable 0.25 The results of evaluating sizing efficiency are shown in Table 10.
Table 10 Dispersion Anionic Amine Cobb-60 No. Poly- Content electrolyte (%) 0.5 kg/t 0.75 kg/t 1.0 kg/t As can be seen from Tables 9 and 10, the dispersions according to the present invention, Dispersion Nos. 17, 19, 21, 23, and 25, which contained both anionic polyelectrolyte and 5 nitrogen-containing organic compound, showed better sizing efficiency, better stability and resulted in smaller particle size over the dispersions used for comparison, Dispersion Nos. 16, 18, 20, 22 and 24, which contained no nitrogen-containing organic compound.
Example 6 Dispersions were prepared and particle size and sizing efficiency of the dispersions were evaluated according to the general procedures of Example 1, except that different surfactants and varying contents of the surfactants were used. The anionic polyelectrolyte TM
used was colloidal silica (Eke NP 780) in the form of aqueous sol having a SiO2 content of 7.5% by weight and containing silica particles with a specific surface area of about 900 m2/g and which were aluminium modified. The amine used was triethanol amine (TEA).
The obtained dispersion had an ASA content of 5% by weight, S102 content of 5.0% by weight, based on the ASA, and amine content of 2.0% by weight, based on the ASA.
No surfactant was incorporated into the Dispersion No. 26. Hydrolyzed ASA was incorporated as surfactant into Dispersion Nos. 27 and 28. The surfactant used in Dispersion No. 29 was a phosphate ester (poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediy1) alpha-isotridecyl-omega-hydroxyphosphate). The surfactant contents in the dispersions were based on ASA. The results of the particle size measurements are shown in Table 11.
Table 11 Dispersion Surfactant in Surfactant Particle Size (pm) No. Dispersion Content (%) D(v 0.1) D(v 0.5) D(v 0.9) 26 - - 0.33 4.67 14.53 27 hydrolyzed ASA 1 0.29 2.42 7.63 28 hydrolyzed ASA 2.5 0.12 0.45 1.83 29 phosphate ester 1 0.17 1.05 4.16 Sizing efficiency of the dispersions was evaluated and comparisons of the dispersions were made in an aqueous cellulosic suspension comprising 70% pulp (80/20 birch/pine kraft) and 30% filler (CaCO3).
Table 12 Dispersion Conductivity Cobb-60 No. mS/cm 0.5 kg/t 0.75 kg/t 1.0 kg/t 26 0.4 91 84 70 27 0.4 81 69 54 28 0.4 72 48 31 29 0.4 76 49 41 26 0.7 87 78 75 27 0.7 81 64 54 28 0.7 76 47 31 29 0.7 73 52 37 As can be seen from the results presented in Tables 11 and 12, Dispersion Nos.
27, 28 and 29 containing a surfactant resulted in smaller particle size and showed better sizing efficiency than the dispersion containing no surfactant.
Example 7 The dispersions of Example 6 were evaluated in terms of sizing efficiency when using aqueous cellulosic suspensions comprising unbleached kraft pulp having varying conductivities. The results are shown in Table 13.
Table 13 Dispersion Conductivity Cobb-60 No. mS/cm 0.5 kg/t 0.75 kg/t 1.0 kg/t 26 0.4 100 72 37 27 0.4 86 42 27 28 0.4 40 28 23 29 0.4 49 28 22 28 0.7 44 27 22 26 4.0 97 100 76 27 4.0 89 52 28 28 4.0 44 27 23 29 4.0 102 98 76 As can be seen from Table 13, Dispersion Nos. 27, 28 and 29 containing a surfactant showed better sizing efficiency than the dispersion containing no surfactant, Dispersion No. 26.
Table 10 Dispersion Anionic Amine Cobb-60 No. Poly- Content electrolyte (%) 0.5 kg/t 0.75 kg/t 1.0 kg/t As can be seen from Tables 9 and 10, the dispersions according to the present invention, Dispersion Nos. 17, 19, 21, 23, and 25, which contained both anionic polyelectrolyte and 5 nitrogen-containing organic compound, showed better sizing efficiency, better stability and resulted in smaller particle size over the dispersions used for comparison, Dispersion Nos. 16, 18, 20, 22 and 24, which contained no nitrogen-containing organic compound.
Example 6 Dispersions were prepared and particle size and sizing efficiency of the dispersions were evaluated according to the general procedures of Example 1, except that different surfactants and varying contents of the surfactants were used. The anionic polyelectrolyte TM
used was colloidal silica (Eke NP 780) in the form of aqueous sol having a SiO2 content of 7.5% by weight and containing silica particles with a specific surface area of about 900 m2/g and which were aluminium modified. The amine used was triethanol amine (TEA).
The obtained dispersion had an ASA content of 5% by weight, S102 content of 5.0% by weight, based on the ASA, and amine content of 2.0% by weight, based on the ASA.
No surfactant was incorporated into the Dispersion No. 26. Hydrolyzed ASA was incorporated as surfactant into Dispersion Nos. 27 and 28. The surfactant used in Dispersion No. 29 was a phosphate ester (poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediy1) alpha-isotridecyl-omega-hydroxyphosphate). The surfactant contents in the dispersions were based on ASA. The results of the particle size measurements are shown in Table 11.
Table 11 Dispersion Surfactant in Surfactant Particle Size (pm) No. Dispersion Content (%) D(v 0.1) D(v 0.5) D(v 0.9) 26 - - 0.33 4.67 14.53 27 hydrolyzed ASA 1 0.29 2.42 7.63 28 hydrolyzed ASA 2.5 0.12 0.45 1.83 29 phosphate ester 1 0.17 1.05 4.16 Sizing efficiency of the dispersions was evaluated and comparisons of the dispersions were made in an aqueous cellulosic suspension comprising 70% pulp (80/20 birch/pine kraft) and 30% filler (CaCO3).
Table 12 Dispersion Conductivity Cobb-60 No. mS/cm 0.5 kg/t 0.75 kg/t 1.0 kg/t 26 0.4 91 84 70 27 0.4 81 69 54 28 0.4 72 48 31 29 0.4 76 49 41 26 0.7 87 78 75 27 0.7 81 64 54 28 0.7 76 47 31 29 0.7 73 52 37 As can be seen from the results presented in Tables 11 and 12, Dispersion Nos.
27, 28 and 29 containing a surfactant resulted in smaller particle size and showed better sizing efficiency than the dispersion containing no surfactant.
Example 7 The dispersions of Example 6 were evaluated in terms of sizing efficiency when using aqueous cellulosic suspensions comprising unbleached kraft pulp having varying conductivities. The results are shown in Table 13.
Table 13 Dispersion Conductivity Cobb-60 No. mS/cm 0.5 kg/t 0.75 kg/t 1.0 kg/t 26 0.4 100 72 37 27 0.4 86 42 27 28 0.4 40 28 23 29 0.4 49 28 22 28 0.7 44 27 22 26 4.0 97 100 76 27 4.0 89 52 28 28 4.0 44 27 23 29 4.0 102 98 76 As can be seen from Table 13, Dispersion Nos. 27, 28 and 29 containing a surfactant showed better sizing efficiency than the dispersion containing no surfactant, Dispersion No. 26.
Claims (39)
1. Aqueous dispersion of cellulose-reactive sizing agent containing an acid anhydride, an anionic polyelectrolyte and a nitrogen-containing organic compound which is an amine or quaternary ammonium thereof having a molecular weight less than 180.
2. Aqueous dispersion according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen-containing compound has a molecular weight up to 170.
3. Aqueous dispersion according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the nitrogen-containing compound has a molecular weight up to 160.
4. Aqueous dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the nitrogen-containing compound has one or more hydroxyl groups.
5. Aqueous dispersion according to claim 4, wherein one or more hydroxyl groups are present in a terminal position of one or more substituents of the nitrogen-containing compound.
6. Aqueous dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the nitrogen-containing compound is an amine.
7. Aqueous dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the nitrogen-containing compound is a quaternary ammonium.
8. Aqueous dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the nitrogen-containing compound is diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, hexamethylene diamine, diethyl amine, dipropyl amine, di-isopropyl amine, cyclohexylamine, pyrrolidine, guanidine, triethanol amine, monoethanol amine, diethanol amine, 2-methoxyethyl amine, aminoethylethanol amine, alanine, lysine, choline hydroxide, tetramethyl ammoniumhydroxide or tetraethyl ammoniumhydroxide.
9. Aqueous dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the anionic polyelectrolyte is an inorganic material.
10. Aqueous dispersion according to claim 9, wherein the anionic polyelectrolyte is a siliceous material.
11. Aqueous dispersion according to claim 10, wherein the anionic polyelectrolyte is bentonite.
12. Aqueous dispersion according to claim 10, wherein the anionic polyelectrolyte comprises silica-based particles.
13 Aqueous dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the acid anhydride is iso-octadecenyl succinic anhydride, iso-octadecyl succinic anhydride, n-hexadecenyl succinic anhydride, dodecenyl succinic anhydride, decenyl succinic anhydride, octenyl succinic anhydride, tri-isobutenyl succinic anhydride, 1-octyl-2-decenyl-succinic anhydride or 1-hexyl-2-octenyl-succinic anhydride.
14. Aqueous dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the acid anhydride is present in an amount of from 0.1 to 30% by weight, based on the weight of the aqueous dispersion.
15. Aqueous dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the anionic polyelectrolyte is present in an amount of from 0.5 to 10% by weight, based on the weight of the acid anhydride.
16. Aqueous dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the nitrogen-containing organic compound is present in an amount of from 0.5 to 10% by weight, based on the weight of the acid anhydride.
17. Aqueous dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the dispersion further comprises an anionic surfactant.
18. Aqueous dispersion according to claim 17, wherein the anionic surfactant is hydrolyzed acid anhydride.
19. Use of the aqueous dispersion of cellulose-reactive sizing agent according to any one of claims 1 to 18, for internal sizing or surface sizing in the production of paper.
20. Process for the production of paper which comprises adding an aqueous dispersion of cellulose-reactive sizing agent to an aqueous cellulosic suspension and dewatering the obtained suspension on a wire, or by applying an aqueous dispersion of cellulose-reactive sizing agent to the surface of a cellulosic sheet or web, wherein the dispersion is an aqueous dispersion of cellulose-reactive sizing agent according to any one of claims 1 to 18.
21. Process according to claim 20, wherein the aqueous cellulosic suspension has a conductivity of at least 2.0 mS/cm.
22. A method for the preparation of an aqueous dispersion of cellulose-reactive sizing agent which comprises dispersing an acid anhydride in an aqueous phase in the presence of an anionic polyelectrolyte and a nitrogen-containing organic compound which is an amine and quaternary ammonium thereof having a molecular weight less than 180.
23. Method according to claim 22, wherein the nitrogen-containing compound has a molecular weight up to 170.
24. Method according to claim 22 or 23, wherein the nitrogen-containing compound has a molecular weight up to 160.
25. Method according to any one of claims 22 to 24, wherein the nitrogen-containing compound has one or more hydroxyl groups.
26. Method according to claim 25, wherein one or more hydroxyl groups are present in a terminal position of one or more substituents of the nitrogen-containing compound.
27. Method according to any one of claims 22 to 26, wherein the nitrogen-containing compound is an amine.
28. Method according to any one of claims 22 to 27, wherein the nitrogen-containing compound is a quaternary ammonium.
29. Method according to any one of claims 22 to 28, wherein the nitrogen-containing compound is diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, hexamethylene diamine, diethyl amine, dipropyl amine, di-isopropyl amine, cyclohexylamine, pyrrolidine, guanidine, triethanol amine, monoethanol amine, diethanol amine, 2-methoxyethyl amine, aminoethylethanol amine, alanine, lysine, choline hydroxide, tetramethyl ammoniumhydroxide or tetraethyl ammoniumhydroxide.
30. Method according to any one of claims 22 to 29, wherein the anionic polyelectrolyte is an inorganic material.
31. Method according to claim 30, wherein the anionic polyelectrolyte is a siliceous material.
32. Method according to claim 31, wherein the anionic polyelectrolyte is bentonite.
33. Method according claim 31, wherein the anionic polyelectrolyte comprises silica-based particles.
34. Method according to any one of claims 22 to 31, wherein the acid anhydride is iso-octadecenyl succinic anhydride, iso-octadecyl succinic anhydride, n-hexadecenyl succinic anhydride, dodecenyl succinic anhydride, decenyl succinic anhydride, octenyl succinic anhydride, tri-isobutenyl succinic anhydride, 1-octyl-2-decenyl-succinic anhydride or 1-hexyl-2-octenyl-succinic anhydride.
35. Method according to any one of claims 22 to 34, wherein the acid anhydride is present in an amount of from 0.1 to 30% by weight, based on the weight of the aqueous dispersion.
36. Method according to any one of claims 22 to 35, wherein the anionic polyelectrolyte is present in an amount of from 0.5 to 10% by weight, based on the weight of the acid anhydride.
37. Method according to any one of claims 22 to 36, wherein the nitrogen-containing organic compound is present in an amount of from 0.5 to 10% by weight, based on the weight of the acid anhydride.
38. Method according to any one of claims 22 to 37, wherein the dispersion further comprises an anionic surfactant.
39. Method according to claim 38, wherein the anionic surfactant is hydrolyzed acid anhydride.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP05112656 | 2005-12-21 | ||
EP05112656.3 | 2005-12-21 | ||
PCT/SE2006/050506 WO2007073321A1 (en) | 2005-12-21 | 2006-11-24 | Sizing of paper |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2634697A1 CA2634697A1 (en) | 2007-06-28 |
CA2634697C true CA2634697C (en) | 2014-04-15 |
Family
ID=37056579
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA2634697A Active CA2634697C (en) | 2005-12-21 | 2006-11-24 | Sizing of paper |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1963575B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5363114B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101257451B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101346513B (en) |
AR (1) | AR058371A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2006327338B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0620351B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2634697C (en) |
MY (1) | MY146790A (en) |
NO (1) | NO20082691L (en) |
RU (1) | RU2429323C2 (en) |
TW (1) | TWI321178B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007073321A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200806278B (en) |
Families Citing this family (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TW201000716A (en) * | 2008-01-28 | 2010-01-01 | Akzo Nobel Nv | A method for production of paper |
AT506695B1 (en) * | 2008-11-14 | 2009-11-15 | Kemira Chemie Ges Mbh | COMPOSITION FOR PAPER LUBRICATION |
CN102182111B (en) * | 2011-03-12 | 2012-12-26 | 牡丹江恒丰纸业股份有限公司 | Method for preparing paper surface sizing agent |
CN102268839B (en) * | 2011-07-25 | 2013-04-10 | 华南理工大学 | Method for preparing Pickering emulsion type alkenyl succinic anhydrides (ASA) papermaking sizing agent |
CN102493272B (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2014-07-16 | 山东轻工业学院 | ASA emulsion sizing agent and preparation method thereof |
CN102493273B (en) * | 2011-11-19 | 2014-02-12 | 山东轻工业学院 | Alkenyl succinic anhydride emulsion sizing agent and its preparation method |
CN102493276B (en) * | 2011-12-08 | 2015-04-15 | 山东轻工业学院 | Stable alkenyl succinic anhydride sizing emulsion for papermaking and preparation method thereof |
CN102493275A (en) * | 2011-12-08 | 2012-06-13 | 山东轻工业学院 | Stable ASA (Alkenyl Succinic Anhydride) papermaking sizing emulsion and preparation method thereof |
CN103194934B (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2016-01-06 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of preparation method by the glue used in paper-making of chip solid particle emulsification |
CN103437244B (en) * | 2013-09-02 | 2015-06-10 | 齐鲁工业大学 | Melamine modified hectorite stabilized ASA (alkenyl succinic anhydride) sizing emulsion and preparation method thereof |
CN103451996B (en) * | 2013-09-02 | 2016-01-06 | 齐鲁工业大学 | A kind of method of cyanurotriamide modified hectorite emulsifying agent and emulsification ASA thereof |
CN103724437A (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2014-04-16 | 福建农林大学 | Multifunctional guanidine salt grafted carboxymethyl cellulose paper-making additive and preparation method thereof |
FI126960B (en) * | 2014-02-06 | 2017-08-31 | Kemira Oyj | Stabilized adhesive formulation |
CN105768181A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2016-07-20 | 滁州卷烟材料厂 | Sheet tobacco shred sweet in taste and preparation method thereof |
CN105768188A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2016-07-20 | 滁州卷烟材料厂 | Sheet tobacco shred containing pine bark and preparation method thereof |
CN105901761A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2016-08-31 | 滁州卷烟材料厂 | Tobacco slice cut tobacco containing mangosteen skin and preparation method thereof |
CN105747265A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2016-07-13 | 滁州卷烟材料厂 | Fresh-scent type tobacco sheet tobacco shreds and preparing method thereof |
CN105815807A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2016-08-03 | 滁州卷烟材料厂 | Tobacco sheet shreds capable of relieving fatigue and preparation method thereof |
CN105768183A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2016-07-20 | 滁州卷烟材料厂 | Tobacco flakes capable of soothing the nerves and aiding sleep and production method thereof |
CN105768187A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2016-07-20 | 滁州卷烟材料厂 | Tobacco flakes added with cucumber vine and production method tobacco flakes |
CN111041889B (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2022-04-29 | 保定钞票纸业有限公司 | Glue solution for paper surface treatment, paper treatment method, obtained paper and application thereof |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6036520B2 (en) * | 1982-05-13 | 1985-08-21 | 出光興産株式会社 | Paper sizing emulsion |
JPS61231298A (en) * | 1984-11-02 | 1986-10-15 | 第一工業製薬株式会社 | Papermaking size agent |
AR244372A1 (en) * | 1990-04-11 | 1993-10-20 | Hercules Inc | Pretreatment of filler with cationic ketene dimer |
US6315824B1 (en) * | 1996-02-02 | 2001-11-13 | Rodrigue V. Lauzon | Coacervate stabilizer system |
GB9603909D0 (en) * | 1996-02-23 | 1996-04-24 | Allied Colloids Ltd | Production of paper |
US6093217A (en) * | 1997-02-05 | 2000-07-25 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Sizing of paper |
SE9704930D0 (en) * | 1997-02-05 | 1997-12-30 | Akzo Nobel Nv | Sizing of paper |
SE9704931D0 (en) * | 1997-02-05 | 1997-12-30 | Akzo Nobel Nv | Sizing of paper |
SE9704932D0 (en) * | 1997-02-05 | 1997-12-30 | Akzo Nobel Nv | Aqueous dispersions of hydrophobic material |
US5969011A (en) * | 1997-02-05 | 1999-10-19 | Akzo Nobel Nv | Sizing of paper |
US6491790B1 (en) * | 1998-09-10 | 2002-12-10 | Bayer Corporation | Methods for reducing amine odor in paper |
EP1314822A1 (en) * | 2001-11-19 | 2003-05-28 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Process for sizing paper and sizing composition |
US6869471B2 (en) * | 2001-11-19 | 2005-03-22 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Process for sizing paper and sizing composition |
PT1488040E (en) * | 2002-03-04 | 2012-06-01 | Amcol International Corp | Paper and materials and processes for its production |
-
2006
- 2006-11-24 EP EP06824575.2A patent/EP1963575B1/en active Active
- 2006-11-24 WO PCT/SE2006/050506 patent/WO2007073321A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-11-24 CN CN2006800489558A patent/CN101346513B/en active Active
- 2006-11-24 JP JP2008547179A patent/JP5363114B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-11-24 KR KR1020087016851A patent/KR101257451B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2006-11-24 RU RU2008129682/12A patent/RU2429323C2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-11-24 BR BRPI0620351-5A patent/BRPI0620351B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2006-11-24 MY MYPI20082206A patent/MY146790A/en unknown
- 2006-11-24 AU AU2006327338A patent/AU2006327338B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2006-11-24 CA CA2634697A patent/CA2634697C/en active Active
- 2006-12-18 TW TW095147418A patent/TWI321178B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-12-18 AR ARP060105578A patent/AR058371A1/en active IP Right Grant
-
2008
- 2008-06-11 NO NO20082691A patent/NO20082691L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-07-18 ZA ZA200806278A patent/ZA200806278B/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2429323C2 (en) | 2011-09-20 |
BRPI0620351B1 (en) | 2018-02-14 |
TWI321178B (en) | 2010-03-01 |
EP1963575A1 (en) | 2008-09-03 |
ZA200806278B (en) | 2009-04-29 |
AU2006327338B2 (en) | 2011-06-23 |
RU2008129682A (en) | 2010-01-27 |
EP1963575B1 (en) | 2014-06-04 |
KR20080083144A (en) | 2008-09-16 |
MY146790A (en) | 2012-09-28 |
JP5363114B2 (en) | 2013-12-11 |
JP2009521610A (en) | 2009-06-04 |
WO2007073321A1 (en) | 2007-06-28 |
AU2006327338A1 (en) | 2007-06-28 |
NO20082691L (en) | 2008-07-21 |
TW200736463A (en) | 2007-10-01 |
BRPI0620351A2 (en) | 2011-11-08 |
CN101346513A (en) | 2009-01-14 |
CN101346513B (en) | 2012-05-23 |
CA2634697A1 (en) | 2007-06-28 |
AR058371A1 (en) | 2008-01-30 |
KR101257451B1 (en) | 2013-04-23 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CA2634697C (en) | Sizing of paper | |
US5969011A (en) | Sizing of paper | |
AU729833B2 (en) | Sizing of paper | |
US6165259A (en) | Aqueous dispersions of hydrophobic material | |
US6093217A (en) | Sizing of paper | |
RU2601465C2 (en) | Method for production of paper and cardboard | |
AU2004225562B2 (en) | Dispersion | |
AU729702B2 (en) | Aqueous dispersions of hydrophobic material | |
AU2002349853B2 (en) | Process for sizing paper and sizing composition | |
US7892398B2 (en) | Sizing of paper | |
US6869471B2 (en) | Process for sizing paper and sizing composition | |
MX2008008274A (en) | Sizing of paper | |
NZ617482B2 (en) | Process for the production of paper and board |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
EEER | Examination request |