CA2594732C - Rinsable metal pretreatment methods and compositions - Google Patents
Rinsable metal pretreatment methods and compositions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2594732C CA2594732C CA2594732A CA2594732A CA2594732C CA 2594732 C CA2594732 C CA 2594732C CA 2594732 A CA2594732 A CA 2594732A CA 2594732 A CA2594732 A CA 2594732A CA 2594732 C CA2594732 C CA 2594732C
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- phosphonate
- phosphonic acid
- ebo
- composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 title description 2
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- -1 more particularly Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- AJSDTRXBGITXHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-bromophenyl)methylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CC1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 AJSDTRXBGITXHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910003899 H2ZrF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910003708 H2TiF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001768 cations Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- ZHBRSHSRMYZHLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-hydroxyphenyl)methylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(CP(O)(O)=O)C=C1 ZHBRSHSRMYZHLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HIIOYVOBADMCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-methylphenyl)methylphosphonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(CP(O)(O)=O)C=C1 HIIOYVOBADMCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FZNXRFYRXBFQMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-nitrophenyl)methylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 FZNXRFYRXBFQMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VBWLIUWQKLTQKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-tert-butylphenyl)methylphosphonic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(CP(O)(O)=O)C=C1 VBWLIUWQKLTQKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrogen dioxide Chemical compound O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QLZHNIAADXEJJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QLZHNIAADXEJJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OXYRLNBFAYYOPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(phosphonomethyl)benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(CP(O)(O)=O)C=C1 OXYRLNBFAYYOPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DTQHDAYCDBBHOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N P(OCC)(OCC1=CC=C(C=C1)Br)=O Chemical compound P(OCC)(OCC1=CC=C(C=C1)Br)=O DTQHDAYCDBBHOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006527 (C1-C5) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 3
- 125000006833 (C1-C5) alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims 3
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 claims 3
- 125000001841 imino group Chemical group [H]N=* 0.000 claims 3
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- HDUNVICUTAZXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(3-trihydroxysilylpropoxy)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CP(O)(=O)OCCC[Si](O)(O)O HDUNVICUTAZXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical class CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- UDPGUMQDCGORJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CCCl UDPGUMQDCGORJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NLBSQHGCGGFVJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-carboxyethylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCP(O)(O)=O NLBSQHGCGGFVJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004690 coupled electron pair approximation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 3
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SYOFLEWUZXUEKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-tert-butylphenyl)phosphonic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(P(O)(O)=O)C=C1 SYOFLEWUZXUEKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISQSUCKLLKRTBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (phosphonomethylamino)methylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CNCP(O)(O)=O ISQSUCKLLKRTBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LVACOMKKELLCHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropylurea Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCNC(N)=O LVACOMKKELLCHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004181 carboxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanamine Chemical compound [SiH3]N FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XROWMBWRMNHXMF-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrafluoride Chemical class [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[Ti+4] XROWMBWRMNHXMF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003754 zirconium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OERNJTNJEZOPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium nitrate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O OERNJTNJEZOPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OMQSJNWFFJOIMO-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium tetrafluoride Chemical compound F[Zr](F)(F)F OMQSJNWFFJOIMO-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- BRXDAEMGSYZHGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-bromophenyl)-trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 BRXDAEMGSYZHGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QZNQSIHCDAGZIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(bromomethyl)-4-tert-butylbenzene Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(CBr)C=C1 QZNQSIHCDAGZIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLRBJYMANQKEAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-4-(bromomethyl)benzene Chemical compound BrCC1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 YLRBJYMANQKEAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOZRBIJGLJJPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutanenitrile Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C#N BOZRBIJGLJJPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical class [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N Gluconic acid Natural products OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003638 H2SiF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004039 HBF4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101100396546 Neurospora crassa (strain ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 / FGSC 987) tif-6 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- LTBRACVJRXLQHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N OP(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical class OP(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 LTBRACVJRXLQHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKOYWSJSIVHVFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N O[Si](CCCCOP(O)=O)(O)O Chemical compound O[Si](CCCCOP(O)=O)(O)O RKOYWSJSIVHVFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910010348 TiF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010342 TiF4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005277 alkyl imino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004103 aminoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- AGEZXYOZHKGVCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl bromide Chemical compound BrCC1=CC=CC=C1 AGEZXYOZHKGVCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M bromate Chemical class [O-]Br(=O)=O SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001430 chromium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007739 conversion coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052816 inorganic phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MBKDYNNUVRNNRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N medronic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CP(O)(O)=O MBKDYNNUVRNNRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GHZKGHQGPXBWSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(propan-2-yloxy)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CC(C)OP(C)(O)=O GHZKGHQGPXBWSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UJJUJHTVDYXQON-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitro benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 UJJUJHTVDYXQON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- NWLSIXHRLQYIAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxiran-2-ylmethoxysilicon Chemical compound [Si]OCC1CO1 NWLSIXHRLQYIAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010025647 phosphate-binding proteolipid Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UNQNIRQQBJCMQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorine Chemical compound C1=CC=PC=C1 UNQNIRQQBJCMQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OGHBATFHNDZKSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-olate Chemical compound CC(C)[O-] OGHBATFHNDZKSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IYMSIPPWHNIMGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N silylurea Chemical compound NC(=O)N[SiH3] IYMSIPPWHNIMGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OGDSVONAYZTTDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylphosphonic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)P(O)(O)=O OGDSVONAYZTTDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZEFWRWWINDLIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluorosilane;dihydrofluoride Chemical compound F.F.F[Si](F)(F)F ZEFWRWWINDLIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003608 titanium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000440 toxicity profile Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012224 working solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/34—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2222/00—Aspects relating to chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive medium
- C23C2222/20—Use of solutions containing silanes
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Abstract
Chromate-free and metal phosphate free treatments and compositions for aPPlying a conversion or passivation coating for metals, more particularly, steel, zinc coated steel, and aluminum surfaces. The methods of the invention comprise contacting the requisite metal surface with a treatment composition comprising a member or members comprising one or more Group IV B elements, fluoride, and a phosphonic acid or phosphonate. Optionally, a silane may be added as a treatment component .
Description
RINSABLE METAL PRETREATMENT METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS
FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention relates to non-chrome containing coatings for metals.
More particularly, the present invention relates to rinsable, non-chromate, non¨metal phosphate coatings for steel, zinc coated steel, and aluminum surfaces to improve the adhesion of siccative coatings to the surface and provide enhanced corrosion protection.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It is well known to those skilled in the art to employ a chromate or phosphate conversion or passivation coating on the surface of metals to impart improved corrosion resistance of bare and painted metal, improve adhesion of coatings, and for aesthetic purposes. For example, see Corrosion, L.L. Sheir, R.A. Jarman, G.T.
Burstein, Eds. (3rd Edition, Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd, Oxford, 1994), Volume 2, chapter 15.3.
Growing concerns exist regarding the toxicity profile of chromium and the pollution effect of chromates, phosphates and other heavy metals discharged into rivers and waterways by such processes. Because of the high solubility and the strongly oxidizing character of hexavalent chromium ions, conventional chromate conversion processes require extensive water treatment procedures to control their discharge.
Phosphate processes also require waste treatment procedures prior to discharge. In addition, the disposal of the solid sludge from such waste treatment procedures is a significant problem.
Accordingly, there is a need in the art to provide an effective non-chromate, non metal phosphate, or reduced phosphate based treatment to inhibit metal surface corrosion and enhance adhesion of paint or other coatings that may be applied to the surface.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Acidic, aqueous solutions or dispersions are provided for contact with the requisite metal surfaces such as steel, zinc coated steel, and aluminum surfaces. The solutions and dispersions are chromate free and provide enhanced corrosion protection and adherence of siccative coatings on the metal surface. These siccative coatings typically include paints, lacquers, inks, varnishes, resins, etc.
The methods of the invention comprise contacting the requisite metal surface with an effective amount of an acidic aqueous composition or dispersion to enhance corrosion protection and adherence of siccative coatings. The chromate and inorganic phosphate free composition or dispersion comprise (a) a material or materials including a Group IV B element; (b) a fluoride source; and (c) phosphonic acid or phosphonate. After contact of the surface with the above composition or dispersion, the coating may be rinsed and dried in place. The surface is then ready for application of a paint, lacquer, varnish, resin, or other siccative coating thereto.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The inventors have found that an improved, non-chromate conversion or passivation coating can be provided on metal surfaces, particularly steel surfaces, zinc coated steel and aluminum surfaces. The acidic aqueous compositions or dispersions comprise (a) a material or materials comprising one or more elements selected from the Group IV B elements as set forth in the CAS version of the Periodic Table of Elements. Such elements comprise Zr, Ti, and Hf. Mixtures of these elements may be included. Zr and Ti containing materials are preferred. Exemplary Zr sources are adapted to provide Zr anions in an acidic medium and include a soluble fluozirconate, zirconium fluoride (ZrF4), or water soluble zirconium salt such as zirconium nitrate or sulfate. Further, the zirconium source can comprise an ammonium or alkali zirconium salt. Zirconium oxides and Zr metal itself may be used provided it ionizes to Zr anion in an acidic medium. Most preferably, the Zr source comprises fluozirconic acid, H2ZrF6. Additionally, organic Zr containing compounds may be utilized provided they liberate Zr in the acidic aqueous medium.
The Group IV B element may also comprise Ti. The preferred Ti source is H2TiF6, but titanium fluorides such as TiF3 and TiF4 may also be mentioned. Nitrate, sulfate, anunonium or alkali titanium salts can also be used as well as Ti metal itself.
Additionally, organic Ti compounds can be used if they liberate Ti in the acidic medium. Preliminary tests have included use of Ti(iv) isopropoxide as a Ti source component especially if it is reacted with an acidic solution such as H2ZrF6.
The fluoride source (b) that is used as a component of the acidic treatment or composition may most preferably be the same fluozironic or fluotitiantic acid that may be employed to provide the Ti and/or Zr. It is most preferred that the treatment comprise H2ZrF6 and H2TiF6 which combination will adequately serve as a source of the Zr, Ti, and fluoride. Other suitable F sources include hydrofluoridic acid and salts thereof, alkali metal bifluorides, H2SiF6 and HBF4. Again, the source must be capable of liberating F in the medium. Most preferably, the combined Zr, Ti, and F
sources liberate fluotitanate and fluozinconate, i.e., (TiF6)-2 and (ZrF6)-2, in the medium.
The desirable fluoride concentration is that which will combine with the Zr and Ti to form a soluble complex therewith, for example, a fluozirconate and fluotitanate.
Generally, at least about 4 moles of fluoride is provided per mole of Zr and Ti present.
Zirconium and titanium may be present in the treatment medium in amounts up to slightly greater that their solubility limits.
With regard to component (c) of the formulation, the phosphonic acids and phosphonates, these may be mentioned as including any compounds having the formula R P OX
OX
(I) wherein X is H or a cation; R is any organic moiety including alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted and unsubstituted N and/or P containing heterocyles, aryl, substituted aryl including halogenated aryl and alkyl substituted aryl, substituted alkyl such as aminoalkyl, carboxyalkyl, phosphonoalkyl, alkylimino, hydroxyalkyl, silan.e substituted alkyl, etc.
The phosphonate may more particularly be selected from phosphonic acids and phosphonates having formulas as per II, III, and IV, as follows whereas phosphonate (II) has the formula:
Qz (II) wherein R1 is P03X2 or R2P03X2, wherein x2 is independently chosen from H or a cation, and R2 is a C1-05 alkylene, preferably methylene. Z is a member selected from H, halo, C1-05 alkyl, NO2, and COOH. Preferably Z is located in the para position. Exemplary members of this group include 4-bromobenzylphosphonic acid, 4-tertbutylbenzylphosphonic acid, phenylphosphonic acid, 4-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid, 4-nitrobenzylphosphonic acid, 4-methylbenzylphosphonic acid, 4-carboxybenzylphosphonic acid, and 4-bromobenzyl phosphonate ethyl ester.
Phosphonates having the formula (III) may also be mentioned R3 ¨ P¨OX
OX
(III) wherein X is as defined above in the formulation (I) and R3 is C1-05 alkyl, CI-Cs carboxyalkyl, C1-05 phosphonoalkyl, C1-05 siloxyalkyl, C1-05 iminoalkyl, and phosphonoiminoalkyl. Exemplary members of this group include 2-carboxyethylphosphonic acid, trihydroxysilylpropylmethyl phosphonate, 1, 2, -diethylenediphosphonic acid, iminobis (methylphosphonic acid) and tert-butylphosphonic acid.
The phosphonate can also be chosen from formula IV.
Rs i I
Ve"
OX
(IV) wherein X is as defined above in formula I. R4 and R5 are independently chosen from hydrogen, C1-05 alkyl, C1-05 hydroxyalkyl, and C1-05 phosphonoalkyl, with the proviso that R4 and R5 may, together as covalently bonded, form a cyclic structure, R6 may or may not be present and, when present, is chosen from C1-05 alkylene; Q
is N
or N oxide (i.e., N=O). Exemplary members of this Group IV include phosphonic acid [[(2-hydroxyethypimino] bis (methylene) bis-, N oxide referenced to herein as --linear EBO -- CAS 137006-87-2; and [tetrahydro-2-hydroxy-4H-1,4,2-oxaza phosphorin -4-y1) methyl]-N,P-dioxide CAS 133839-05-01 ¨ referred to herein as cyclic EBO.
Preferably both linear EBO and cyclic EBO are present at once in the form of mixed solution. Based upon preliminary data, a mixture of linear EBO and cyclic EBO
is preferred for use. These phosphonates may be prepared via the following preparatory route.
Phosphonate Preparation: Linear EBO and Cyclic EBO Mixture (Group IV) To a glass reactor vessel equipped with a mechanical stirrer, thermometer, overhead condenser, and addition port are charged 70% aqueous phosphorous acid (2.00 mole) and 32% aqueous hydrochloric acid (0.33 mole). 90% actives paraformaldehyde (2.00 mole) is then added drop wise to the acid solution with mixing. After addition, the reactor contents are heated to 85 2 C under a nitrogen sparge and held for minutes. The nitrogen sparge is then switched to a nitrogen blanket and 99%
monoethanolamine (1.00 mole) is charged drop wise over a 1 to 2-hour period while maintaining a batch temperature of 85 2 C. After addition, the batch is heated to 93 2 C and held for 8 hours. After the hold, the batch is cooled and adjusted to pH 9-by addition of 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide (3.73 mole). The batch temperature is then adjusted to 40 2 C and 35% aqueous hydrogen peroxide (1.07 mole) is charged drop wise over approximately a 1-hour period with cooling to maintain the batch temperature between 38-52 C. After addition, the batch is held at 50 2 C for 2 hours. The batch is then cooled to room temperature and collected.
During the cool down, 50% aqueous gluconic acid (0.005 mole) is charged to the batch.
The product as produced is characterized by 13P NMR as a nominal 1:1 molar ratio of the sodium salts of Linear EBO and Cyclic EBO and is referred collectively hereinafter as EBO. The material is also composed of traces of the sodium salts of residual phosphorous acid, oxidized byproduct phosphoric acid, and byproduct methylenediphosphonic acid. It is a preferred embodiment of the invention to utilize the product as produced without any purification.
Other exemplary phosphonates may be prepared as follows:
Phosphonate Preparation: 4-Bromobenzylphosphonic Acid (BBPA) (Group II) 4-bromobenzyl bromide (4.4 g, 0.017 mol) was combined with the triethylphosphonate (3.5 g., 3.5 mL, 0.021 mol) and heated at 130 C for 12 hours.
The reaction was cooled to room temperature and stored in the dark. The intermediate was dissolved in 20 mL MeCN and treated with solid KI (8.7 g, 0.0525 mol) followed by Me3SiC1 (5.63 g, 6.6 mL, 0.105 mol). The reaction was stirred for 6 hours at 60 C and cooled to room temperature. The solid KC1 was filtered, and the residue was evaporated to dryness. The residue was taken in 10 mL distilled water.
The amber oil precipitated in 5 minutes. The solid was fileted and washed with cold hexanes. This gave 3.02 g (70%) of the product as a white-gray powder.
Phosphonate Preparation: 4-tert-Butylbenzylphosphonic Acid (TBBPA) (Group II) 4-tert-butylbenzyl bromide (0.91 g, 4.0 mmol) was combined with the triethylphosphonate (0.798 g, 0.836 mL, 4.8 mmol) and heated at 130 C for 24 hours.
The reaction was cooled to room temperature and stored in the dark. The intermediate was then dissolved in 5 mL MeCN and treated with solid KI (1.92 g, 11.62 mmol) followed by Me3SiC1 (1.27 g, 1.47 mL, 11.62 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 12 hours at 60 C and cooled to room temperature. The solid KC1 was filtered, and the residue was evaporated to dryness. The residue was taken in 5 mL
distilled water. The amber oil precipitated in 5 minutes. The solid was filtered and washed with cold hexanes. This gave 0.80 g (90%) of the product as a white-amber powder.
The other substituted benzyl phosphonates of class II are similarly prepared.
That is, the corresponding benzyl bromide is used as the starting reactant and then reacted with triethylphosphonate to form the desired substituted benzylphosphonate ester.
The ester may be converted to the acid form via conventional techniques or used in its so produced ester form.
All of the other specifically enumerated phosophonates are commercially available.
Additionally, a silane (d) may be included in the acidic treatment composition.
Representative silanes include, but are not limited to, alkoxysilane, aminosilane, ureidosilane, glycidoxysilane, or mixtures thereof. Preferred alkoxysilanes and aminosilanes are taught in U.S. Patent 6,203,854. At present, most preferred is ureidopropyltrimethoxy silane available from GE Silicones- OSI under the designation SilquestTM A 1524.
Preferred acidic, aqueous compositions in accordance with the invention are chromate free and include:
al) a zirconium source present in an amount of from about 0.01 wt% to about wt% above its solubility limit;
a2) a titanium source present in an amount of from about 0.01 wt% to about wt% above its solubility limit;
b) a fluoride source wherein fluoride is present in a molar excess relative to the total moles of Zr and Ti present, preferably in a molar excess of at least about four times the total molar amount of Zr and Ti present;
c) phosphonic acid or phosphonate present in an amount of about 0.01-50 wt%;
and optionally d) a silane.
The remainder of the composition comprises water and pH adjustment agent to regulate the pH within the range of about 0.5-.6. The weight of the acidic aqueous composition is 100 wt%.
In a more specific aspect of the invention, the acidic, aqueous compositions comprise:
1) H2ZrF6 in an amount of 0.01-40 wt%
2) H2TiF6 in an amount of 0.01-40 wt%;
3) phosphonic acid or phosphonate in an amount of about 0.01-50 wt%;
4) silane in an amount of about 0.00-20 wt%; remainder water and pH
adjustment agent. The composition, in total, including water is 100 wt%.
Preferred compositions include 1) H2ZrF6 in an amount of about 0.01-40wt%
2) H2TiF6 in an amount of about 0.01-40 wt%
3) a phosphonic acid or phosphonate selected from the group of (i) Linear EBO
and (ii) Cyclic EBO and mixtures of (i) and (ii). These phosphonates are present in a combined amount of about 0.01-50 wt%. The remainder of the composition is optional silane (4) in an amount of about 0.00-20 wt%, water and pH adjustment agent.
The requisite metal surface may be contacted by the treatment in spray, immersion, or other application forms. The treatment may be rinsed and dried with the thus prepared metal surface then ready for application of a siccative coating thereto.
The acidic aqueous solution or dispersion in accordance with the invention is applied to the metal surface to result in a coating weight of greater than about 1 milligram per square foot to the treated surface with a weight of about 2-500 milligrams per square foot being more preferred. For use in commercial applications, working solutions comprising about 3-100 wt%, preferably 10-100 wt% concentration, of the above formulations may be used to contact the desired metal surfaces.
As is customary for commercial applications, additives can be included in the formulation to facilitate formation of the conversion coating. Oxidizing agents such as nitrate, nitrites, chlorates, bromates, and nitro aromatic compounds can be added to speed up and maintain coating formation. Inorganic or organic acids and bases can be added to maintain pH of the working bath.
EXAMPLES
The invention will now be described in conjunction with the following comparative example and working examples. The working examples are to be regarded as being illustrative of certain embodiments of the invention but should not be viewed to restrict the scope of the same.
Comparative Example 1 In order to establish baseline performance, the titanium and zirconium components were evaluated without any additional additives.
General Pretreatment Process:
ACT Laboratories cold rolled steel panels were used.
. 150202 Clean with 2% Betz KleenTM 132 (commercially available from GE Water & Process Technologies) 140 F, 90 second spray Rinse - tap water spray applied for 30 seconds Pretreat - immersion for 2 minutes at 140 F
Rinse - De-ionized water flooding rinse for 30 seconds Dry - hot air gun Formulation:
Components Grams/L
Ti(i0Pr)4 0.12 H2ZrF6 (45%) 1.5 Water Remaining After pretreatment, panels were painted with a single coat polyester paint system, White PolycronTM III (AG452W3223), from PPG Industries. The paint was applied and cured per the manufacturer's specifications. After painting, the panels were subjected to Neutral Salt Spray tests (NSS) according to ASTM B-117 at 168 hours and rated for creep from the scribe in accordance with ASTM D-1654 (Table 1).
Table 1 Neutral Salt Spray Performance Creep from scribe 168 Hours Exposure 336 Hours Exposure 3.4 +/- 1.5 millimeters 6.7 +/- 1.7 millimeters Example 1 The following formulations were evaluated to examine the effect of phosphonate addition to the base titanium + zirconium formulation. Panels were processed and painted as in Comparative Example 1. Test results are contained in Table 2.
Grams/Liter A-1 A-2 A-3 A-4 A-5 A-6 A-7 Ti(ioPr)4 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 112ZrF6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.51 5 _ .
EBO 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 BBPA 0.5 0.3 1.0 CEPA 0.30 0.5 1.0 THSPMP 0.5 Water Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder Grams/Liter A-8 A-9 A-10 C-1 (comparative) Ti(ioPr)4 0.12 0.12 0.12 TEOS 5.0 1-12ZrF6 1.5 1.5 1.5 GPTMS 7.5 EBO = 0.25 UPTMS 7.5 BBPA = EDPA 0.5 CEPA Water Remainder THSPMP 0.5 TBBPA 0.3 0.5 Water Remainder Remainder Remainder Abbreviations used:
Ti(ioPr)4 = Titanium Isopropoxide EBO = mixed linear and cyclic EBOs Linear EBO = Phosphonic acid [[(2-hydroxyethypimino] bis (methylene)]
bis-, N-oxide Cyclic EBO = Phosphonic acid [(tetrahydro-2-hydroxy-4H-1,4,2-oxazaphosphorin-4-yOmethyl]-N, P-dioxide BBPA = 4-bromobenzylphosphonic acid CEPA = 2-carboxyethylphosphonic acid TEOS = tetraethylorthosilicate GPTMS = glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy silane UPTMS = ureidopropyltrimethoxy silane TBBPA = 4-tertbutylbenzenephosphonic acid EDPA = 1,2-ethylenediphosphonic acid THSPMP = 3-trihydroxysily1 propylmethylphosphonate Table 2 Formulation Average Mean Creepage -millimeters.
168 hours 336 hours A-1 0.3 1.2 A-2 1.0 5.4 C-1 5.0 9.0 A-3 0.6 1.0 A-4 0.6 1.9 A-5 0.8 1.4 A-6 0.7 2.8 A-7 1.2 4.9 A-8 1.7 2.4 A-9 1.3 3.3 A-10 3.2 NA
B 958/P60 1.5 B 1000/P60 1.1 B958/P95 1.4 [B958/P60; B1000/P60; and B958/P95 panels were purchased from ACT
Laboratories, Inc.]
Example 2 The following additional formulations were prepared and painted as in Comparative Example 1.
Grams/Liter X-1 X-2 X-3 X-4 X-5 X-6 X-7 -Ti(ioPr)4 0.12 0.24 0.12 0.24 0.12 0.24 0.12 _ _ _ H2ZrF6 (45%) 1.5 3.0 1.5 3.0 1.5 3.0 1.5 EBO _ 0.25 0.25 _ 0.25 0.51 _ 2.53 BBPA - 0.07 0.3 -PPA 0.131 0.70 1.4 1.0 Water Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder Grams/Liter X-8 X-9 X-10 X-11 X-_ _ _ Ti(ioPr)4 0.24 0.12 _ 0.24 0.12 _ 0.23 0.12 _ 0.24 H6ZrF6 (45%) 3.0 1.53 0 _ . 1.5 2.9 1.5 3.0 EBO 5.0 - -BBPA 0.07 0.13 0.62 _ _ TBBPA 2.17 Water Remainder Remainder - Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder Abbreviations used:
Same as in Example 2, additionally PPA = phenylphosphonic acid.
Neutral Spray Salt Tests in accordance with ASTM B-117 and D-1654 were conducted as reported in Example 1. Results are reported in Table 3.
Table 3 Formulation Average Mean Creepage -millimeters.
168 hours 336 hours X-1 1.2 3.0 X-2 2.6 6.3 X-3 3.3 7.5 X-4 5.0 10 X-5 0.9 2.6 X-6 1.1 2.1 X-7 3.1 8.75 X-8 4.9 10.0 X-9 1.4 2.7 X-10 1.7 3.8 X-11 3.3 8.7 X-12 10.0 NA
X-14 1.0 3.9 X-15 1.5 3.1 Example 3 Additional phosphonates were evaluated as in Example 1. A base formulation of Ti and Zr components was prepared as follows:
Base Formulation:
Components Grams/L
Ti(i0Pr)4 0.12 H2ZrF6 (45%) 1.5 Water Remaining Neutral salt spray results are reported in Table 4.
Table 4 168 hours 336 hours Phosphonate Level NSS (mm NSS (mm Phosphonate (grams/L) creep) creep) 2-Carboxyethylphosphonic Acid 0.5 0.7 2.8 4-Bromobenzylphosphonic Acid 0.5 0.3 1.2 4-tertbutylbenzenephosphonic Acid 0.5 1.7 2.3 3-Trhihydroxysilylpropylmethyl-phosphonate 0.5 0.8 1.4 4-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid 0.25 0.7 1.0 4-nitrobenzylphosphonic acid 0.25 1.1 1.4 4-methylbenzylphosphonic acid 0.25 1.3 1.5 4-Bromobenzyl phosphonate ester 0.25 0.9 1.4 Bromophenyltrimethoxysilane 0.5 0.8 1.4 Iminobis(methylphosphonic acid) 0.1 1.0 2.7 teit-butylphosphonic Acid 0.1 0.7 1.5 EBO phosphonate 0.25 *1.5 +/-0.4 *2.5 +/-0.6 *Zinc phosphate/chrome sealed B958/P60 0.91 1.85 *Zinc phosphate/non-chrome sealed B958/P95 0.95 1.93 Note - NSS results are averages of 2 panels. * Average of 20 panels.
Example 4 To further evaluate the performance of the invention, the following formulations were prepared and tested. Multiple baths of each composition were prepared and used so that a number of replicates could be produced. The NSS results are the average of twenty panels run through each composition. Panels were processed as in Example 1.
Bath component A - B
Fluozirconic acid (45%) 1.5g/L 1.5 Fluotitanic acid (60%) 0.12 0.12 EBO phosphonate 0.25 168 hour NSS creepage 3.4 1.5 (mm) 336 hour NSS creepage 6.8 2.5 (mm) Example 5 In order to illustrate the use of oxidizing and pH adjustment agents the following examples were prepared.
CRS panels from ACT Laboratories were prepared by the following process sequence:
Clean for 60 s at 140 F in an alkaline cleaner (Kleen 132) Rinse with water for 15 s Treat - spray application at 120 F and 10 psi for 30 Rinse with deionized water for 10 s Warm air dry Bath component A
Fluozirconic acid (45%) 0.75 g/L 0.75 2.2 1.5 1.5 Fluotitanic acid (60%) 0.18 - 0.06 0.06 0.12 __ 0.12 EBO phosphonate 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.25 0.25 Boric acid 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.80 0.20 Na nitrobenzenesulfonate 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.80 0.80 Sodium nitrate 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 Fe (added as 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 FeSO4.7H2,0) Bath pH 4.8 4.8 4.8 5.0 4.0 Panels were painted with Polycron paint and performance evaluated at 240 hour neutral salt spray exposure.
Table 5 A B C D E
*B958/no seal Mm creep from scribe 2.2 2.5 2.7 3.8 5.3 3.4 * B 958 - a zinc phosphate non-sealed pretreated panel purchased from ACT
Laboratories Inc.
While the invention has been described with respect to particular embodiments, it is apparent that numerous other forms and modifications of the inventions will be obvious to those skilled in the art. The appended claims and this invention generally should be construed to cover all such obvious forms and modifications which are within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention relates to non-chrome containing coatings for metals.
More particularly, the present invention relates to rinsable, non-chromate, non¨metal phosphate coatings for steel, zinc coated steel, and aluminum surfaces to improve the adhesion of siccative coatings to the surface and provide enhanced corrosion protection.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It is well known to those skilled in the art to employ a chromate or phosphate conversion or passivation coating on the surface of metals to impart improved corrosion resistance of bare and painted metal, improve adhesion of coatings, and for aesthetic purposes. For example, see Corrosion, L.L. Sheir, R.A. Jarman, G.T.
Burstein, Eds. (3rd Edition, Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd, Oxford, 1994), Volume 2, chapter 15.3.
Growing concerns exist regarding the toxicity profile of chromium and the pollution effect of chromates, phosphates and other heavy metals discharged into rivers and waterways by such processes. Because of the high solubility and the strongly oxidizing character of hexavalent chromium ions, conventional chromate conversion processes require extensive water treatment procedures to control their discharge.
Phosphate processes also require waste treatment procedures prior to discharge. In addition, the disposal of the solid sludge from such waste treatment procedures is a significant problem.
Accordingly, there is a need in the art to provide an effective non-chromate, non metal phosphate, or reduced phosphate based treatment to inhibit metal surface corrosion and enhance adhesion of paint or other coatings that may be applied to the surface.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Acidic, aqueous solutions or dispersions are provided for contact with the requisite metal surfaces such as steel, zinc coated steel, and aluminum surfaces. The solutions and dispersions are chromate free and provide enhanced corrosion protection and adherence of siccative coatings on the metal surface. These siccative coatings typically include paints, lacquers, inks, varnishes, resins, etc.
The methods of the invention comprise contacting the requisite metal surface with an effective amount of an acidic aqueous composition or dispersion to enhance corrosion protection and adherence of siccative coatings. The chromate and inorganic phosphate free composition or dispersion comprise (a) a material or materials including a Group IV B element; (b) a fluoride source; and (c) phosphonic acid or phosphonate. After contact of the surface with the above composition or dispersion, the coating may be rinsed and dried in place. The surface is then ready for application of a paint, lacquer, varnish, resin, or other siccative coating thereto.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The inventors have found that an improved, non-chromate conversion or passivation coating can be provided on metal surfaces, particularly steel surfaces, zinc coated steel and aluminum surfaces. The acidic aqueous compositions or dispersions comprise (a) a material or materials comprising one or more elements selected from the Group IV B elements as set forth in the CAS version of the Periodic Table of Elements. Such elements comprise Zr, Ti, and Hf. Mixtures of these elements may be included. Zr and Ti containing materials are preferred. Exemplary Zr sources are adapted to provide Zr anions in an acidic medium and include a soluble fluozirconate, zirconium fluoride (ZrF4), or water soluble zirconium salt such as zirconium nitrate or sulfate. Further, the zirconium source can comprise an ammonium or alkali zirconium salt. Zirconium oxides and Zr metal itself may be used provided it ionizes to Zr anion in an acidic medium. Most preferably, the Zr source comprises fluozirconic acid, H2ZrF6. Additionally, organic Zr containing compounds may be utilized provided they liberate Zr in the acidic aqueous medium.
The Group IV B element may also comprise Ti. The preferred Ti source is H2TiF6, but titanium fluorides such as TiF3 and TiF4 may also be mentioned. Nitrate, sulfate, anunonium or alkali titanium salts can also be used as well as Ti metal itself.
Additionally, organic Ti compounds can be used if they liberate Ti in the acidic medium. Preliminary tests have included use of Ti(iv) isopropoxide as a Ti source component especially if it is reacted with an acidic solution such as H2ZrF6.
The fluoride source (b) that is used as a component of the acidic treatment or composition may most preferably be the same fluozironic or fluotitiantic acid that may be employed to provide the Ti and/or Zr. It is most preferred that the treatment comprise H2ZrF6 and H2TiF6 which combination will adequately serve as a source of the Zr, Ti, and fluoride. Other suitable F sources include hydrofluoridic acid and salts thereof, alkali metal bifluorides, H2SiF6 and HBF4. Again, the source must be capable of liberating F in the medium. Most preferably, the combined Zr, Ti, and F
sources liberate fluotitanate and fluozinconate, i.e., (TiF6)-2 and (ZrF6)-2, in the medium.
The desirable fluoride concentration is that which will combine with the Zr and Ti to form a soluble complex therewith, for example, a fluozirconate and fluotitanate.
Generally, at least about 4 moles of fluoride is provided per mole of Zr and Ti present.
Zirconium and titanium may be present in the treatment medium in amounts up to slightly greater that their solubility limits.
With regard to component (c) of the formulation, the phosphonic acids and phosphonates, these may be mentioned as including any compounds having the formula R P OX
OX
(I) wherein X is H or a cation; R is any organic moiety including alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted and unsubstituted N and/or P containing heterocyles, aryl, substituted aryl including halogenated aryl and alkyl substituted aryl, substituted alkyl such as aminoalkyl, carboxyalkyl, phosphonoalkyl, alkylimino, hydroxyalkyl, silan.e substituted alkyl, etc.
The phosphonate may more particularly be selected from phosphonic acids and phosphonates having formulas as per II, III, and IV, as follows whereas phosphonate (II) has the formula:
Qz (II) wherein R1 is P03X2 or R2P03X2, wherein x2 is independently chosen from H or a cation, and R2 is a C1-05 alkylene, preferably methylene. Z is a member selected from H, halo, C1-05 alkyl, NO2, and COOH. Preferably Z is located in the para position. Exemplary members of this group include 4-bromobenzylphosphonic acid, 4-tertbutylbenzylphosphonic acid, phenylphosphonic acid, 4-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid, 4-nitrobenzylphosphonic acid, 4-methylbenzylphosphonic acid, 4-carboxybenzylphosphonic acid, and 4-bromobenzyl phosphonate ethyl ester.
Phosphonates having the formula (III) may also be mentioned R3 ¨ P¨OX
OX
(III) wherein X is as defined above in the formulation (I) and R3 is C1-05 alkyl, CI-Cs carboxyalkyl, C1-05 phosphonoalkyl, C1-05 siloxyalkyl, C1-05 iminoalkyl, and phosphonoiminoalkyl. Exemplary members of this group include 2-carboxyethylphosphonic acid, trihydroxysilylpropylmethyl phosphonate, 1, 2, -diethylenediphosphonic acid, iminobis (methylphosphonic acid) and tert-butylphosphonic acid.
The phosphonate can also be chosen from formula IV.
Rs i I
Ve"
OX
(IV) wherein X is as defined above in formula I. R4 and R5 are independently chosen from hydrogen, C1-05 alkyl, C1-05 hydroxyalkyl, and C1-05 phosphonoalkyl, with the proviso that R4 and R5 may, together as covalently bonded, form a cyclic structure, R6 may or may not be present and, when present, is chosen from C1-05 alkylene; Q
is N
or N oxide (i.e., N=O). Exemplary members of this Group IV include phosphonic acid [[(2-hydroxyethypimino] bis (methylene) bis-, N oxide referenced to herein as --linear EBO -- CAS 137006-87-2; and [tetrahydro-2-hydroxy-4H-1,4,2-oxaza phosphorin -4-y1) methyl]-N,P-dioxide CAS 133839-05-01 ¨ referred to herein as cyclic EBO.
Preferably both linear EBO and cyclic EBO are present at once in the form of mixed solution. Based upon preliminary data, a mixture of linear EBO and cyclic EBO
is preferred for use. These phosphonates may be prepared via the following preparatory route.
Phosphonate Preparation: Linear EBO and Cyclic EBO Mixture (Group IV) To a glass reactor vessel equipped with a mechanical stirrer, thermometer, overhead condenser, and addition port are charged 70% aqueous phosphorous acid (2.00 mole) and 32% aqueous hydrochloric acid (0.33 mole). 90% actives paraformaldehyde (2.00 mole) is then added drop wise to the acid solution with mixing. After addition, the reactor contents are heated to 85 2 C under a nitrogen sparge and held for minutes. The nitrogen sparge is then switched to a nitrogen blanket and 99%
monoethanolamine (1.00 mole) is charged drop wise over a 1 to 2-hour period while maintaining a batch temperature of 85 2 C. After addition, the batch is heated to 93 2 C and held for 8 hours. After the hold, the batch is cooled and adjusted to pH 9-by addition of 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide (3.73 mole). The batch temperature is then adjusted to 40 2 C and 35% aqueous hydrogen peroxide (1.07 mole) is charged drop wise over approximately a 1-hour period with cooling to maintain the batch temperature between 38-52 C. After addition, the batch is held at 50 2 C for 2 hours. The batch is then cooled to room temperature and collected.
During the cool down, 50% aqueous gluconic acid (0.005 mole) is charged to the batch.
The product as produced is characterized by 13P NMR as a nominal 1:1 molar ratio of the sodium salts of Linear EBO and Cyclic EBO and is referred collectively hereinafter as EBO. The material is also composed of traces of the sodium salts of residual phosphorous acid, oxidized byproduct phosphoric acid, and byproduct methylenediphosphonic acid. It is a preferred embodiment of the invention to utilize the product as produced without any purification.
Other exemplary phosphonates may be prepared as follows:
Phosphonate Preparation: 4-Bromobenzylphosphonic Acid (BBPA) (Group II) 4-bromobenzyl bromide (4.4 g, 0.017 mol) was combined with the triethylphosphonate (3.5 g., 3.5 mL, 0.021 mol) and heated at 130 C for 12 hours.
The reaction was cooled to room temperature and stored in the dark. The intermediate was dissolved in 20 mL MeCN and treated with solid KI (8.7 g, 0.0525 mol) followed by Me3SiC1 (5.63 g, 6.6 mL, 0.105 mol). The reaction was stirred for 6 hours at 60 C and cooled to room temperature. The solid KC1 was filtered, and the residue was evaporated to dryness. The residue was taken in 10 mL distilled water.
The amber oil precipitated in 5 minutes. The solid was fileted and washed with cold hexanes. This gave 3.02 g (70%) of the product as a white-gray powder.
Phosphonate Preparation: 4-tert-Butylbenzylphosphonic Acid (TBBPA) (Group II) 4-tert-butylbenzyl bromide (0.91 g, 4.0 mmol) was combined with the triethylphosphonate (0.798 g, 0.836 mL, 4.8 mmol) and heated at 130 C for 24 hours.
The reaction was cooled to room temperature and stored in the dark. The intermediate was then dissolved in 5 mL MeCN and treated with solid KI (1.92 g, 11.62 mmol) followed by Me3SiC1 (1.27 g, 1.47 mL, 11.62 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 12 hours at 60 C and cooled to room temperature. The solid KC1 was filtered, and the residue was evaporated to dryness. The residue was taken in 5 mL
distilled water. The amber oil precipitated in 5 minutes. The solid was filtered and washed with cold hexanes. This gave 0.80 g (90%) of the product as a white-amber powder.
The other substituted benzyl phosphonates of class II are similarly prepared.
That is, the corresponding benzyl bromide is used as the starting reactant and then reacted with triethylphosphonate to form the desired substituted benzylphosphonate ester.
The ester may be converted to the acid form via conventional techniques or used in its so produced ester form.
All of the other specifically enumerated phosophonates are commercially available.
Additionally, a silane (d) may be included in the acidic treatment composition.
Representative silanes include, but are not limited to, alkoxysilane, aminosilane, ureidosilane, glycidoxysilane, or mixtures thereof. Preferred alkoxysilanes and aminosilanes are taught in U.S. Patent 6,203,854. At present, most preferred is ureidopropyltrimethoxy silane available from GE Silicones- OSI under the designation SilquestTM A 1524.
Preferred acidic, aqueous compositions in accordance with the invention are chromate free and include:
al) a zirconium source present in an amount of from about 0.01 wt% to about wt% above its solubility limit;
a2) a titanium source present in an amount of from about 0.01 wt% to about wt% above its solubility limit;
b) a fluoride source wherein fluoride is present in a molar excess relative to the total moles of Zr and Ti present, preferably in a molar excess of at least about four times the total molar amount of Zr and Ti present;
c) phosphonic acid or phosphonate present in an amount of about 0.01-50 wt%;
and optionally d) a silane.
The remainder of the composition comprises water and pH adjustment agent to regulate the pH within the range of about 0.5-.6. The weight of the acidic aqueous composition is 100 wt%.
In a more specific aspect of the invention, the acidic, aqueous compositions comprise:
1) H2ZrF6 in an amount of 0.01-40 wt%
2) H2TiF6 in an amount of 0.01-40 wt%;
3) phosphonic acid or phosphonate in an amount of about 0.01-50 wt%;
4) silane in an amount of about 0.00-20 wt%; remainder water and pH
adjustment agent. The composition, in total, including water is 100 wt%.
Preferred compositions include 1) H2ZrF6 in an amount of about 0.01-40wt%
2) H2TiF6 in an amount of about 0.01-40 wt%
3) a phosphonic acid or phosphonate selected from the group of (i) Linear EBO
and (ii) Cyclic EBO and mixtures of (i) and (ii). These phosphonates are present in a combined amount of about 0.01-50 wt%. The remainder of the composition is optional silane (4) in an amount of about 0.00-20 wt%, water and pH adjustment agent.
The requisite metal surface may be contacted by the treatment in spray, immersion, or other application forms. The treatment may be rinsed and dried with the thus prepared metal surface then ready for application of a siccative coating thereto.
The acidic aqueous solution or dispersion in accordance with the invention is applied to the metal surface to result in a coating weight of greater than about 1 milligram per square foot to the treated surface with a weight of about 2-500 milligrams per square foot being more preferred. For use in commercial applications, working solutions comprising about 3-100 wt%, preferably 10-100 wt% concentration, of the above formulations may be used to contact the desired metal surfaces.
As is customary for commercial applications, additives can be included in the formulation to facilitate formation of the conversion coating. Oxidizing agents such as nitrate, nitrites, chlorates, bromates, and nitro aromatic compounds can be added to speed up and maintain coating formation. Inorganic or organic acids and bases can be added to maintain pH of the working bath.
EXAMPLES
The invention will now be described in conjunction with the following comparative example and working examples. The working examples are to be regarded as being illustrative of certain embodiments of the invention but should not be viewed to restrict the scope of the same.
Comparative Example 1 In order to establish baseline performance, the titanium and zirconium components were evaluated without any additional additives.
General Pretreatment Process:
ACT Laboratories cold rolled steel panels were used.
. 150202 Clean with 2% Betz KleenTM 132 (commercially available from GE Water & Process Technologies) 140 F, 90 second spray Rinse - tap water spray applied for 30 seconds Pretreat - immersion for 2 minutes at 140 F
Rinse - De-ionized water flooding rinse for 30 seconds Dry - hot air gun Formulation:
Components Grams/L
Ti(i0Pr)4 0.12 H2ZrF6 (45%) 1.5 Water Remaining After pretreatment, panels were painted with a single coat polyester paint system, White PolycronTM III (AG452W3223), from PPG Industries. The paint was applied and cured per the manufacturer's specifications. After painting, the panels were subjected to Neutral Salt Spray tests (NSS) according to ASTM B-117 at 168 hours and rated for creep from the scribe in accordance with ASTM D-1654 (Table 1).
Table 1 Neutral Salt Spray Performance Creep from scribe 168 Hours Exposure 336 Hours Exposure 3.4 +/- 1.5 millimeters 6.7 +/- 1.7 millimeters Example 1 The following formulations were evaluated to examine the effect of phosphonate addition to the base titanium + zirconium formulation. Panels were processed and painted as in Comparative Example 1. Test results are contained in Table 2.
Grams/Liter A-1 A-2 A-3 A-4 A-5 A-6 A-7 Ti(ioPr)4 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 112ZrF6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.51 5 _ .
EBO 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 BBPA 0.5 0.3 1.0 CEPA 0.30 0.5 1.0 THSPMP 0.5 Water Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder Grams/Liter A-8 A-9 A-10 C-1 (comparative) Ti(ioPr)4 0.12 0.12 0.12 TEOS 5.0 1-12ZrF6 1.5 1.5 1.5 GPTMS 7.5 EBO = 0.25 UPTMS 7.5 BBPA = EDPA 0.5 CEPA Water Remainder THSPMP 0.5 TBBPA 0.3 0.5 Water Remainder Remainder Remainder Abbreviations used:
Ti(ioPr)4 = Titanium Isopropoxide EBO = mixed linear and cyclic EBOs Linear EBO = Phosphonic acid [[(2-hydroxyethypimino] bis (methylene)]
bis-, N-oxide Cyclic EBO = Phosphonic acid [(tetrahydro-2-hydroxy-4H-1,4,2-oxazaphosphorin-4-yOmethyl]-N, P-dioxide BBPA = 4-bromobenzylphosphonic acid CEPA = 2-carboxyethylphosphonic acid TEOS = tetraethylorthosilicate GPTMS = glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy silane UPTMS = ureidopropyltrimethoxy silane TBBPA = 4-tertbutylbenzenephosphonic acid EDPA = 1,2-ethylenediphosphonic acid THSPMP = 3-trihydroxysily1 propylmethylphosphonate Table 2 Formulation Average Mean Creepage -millimeters.
168 hours 336 hours A-1 0.3 1.2 A-2 1.0 5.4 C-1 5.0 9.0 A-3 0.6 1.0 A-4 0.6 1.9 A-5 0.8 1.4 A-6 0.7 2.8 A-7 1.2 4.9 A-8 1.7 2.4 A-9 1.3 3.3 A-10 3.2 NA
B 958/P60 1.5 B 1000/P60 1.1 B958/P95 1.4 [B958/P60; B1000/P60; and B958/P95 panels were purchased from ACT
Laboratories, Inc.]
Example 2 The following additional formulations were prepared and painted as in Comparative Example 1.
Grams/Liter X-1 X-2 X-3 X-4 X-5 X-6 X-7 -Ti(ioPr)4 0.12 0.24 0.12 0.24 0.12 0.24 0.12 _ _ _ H2ZrF6 (45%) 1.5 3.0 1.5 3.0 1.5 3.0 1.5 EBO _ 0.25 0.25 _ 0.25 0.51 _ 2.53 BBPA - 0.07 0.3 -PPA 0.131 0.70 1.4 1.0 Water Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder Grams/Liter X-8 X-9 X-10 X-11 X-_ _ _ Ti(ioPr)4 0.24 0.12 _ 0.24 0.12 _ 0.23 0.12 _ 0.24 H6ZrF6 (45%) 3.0 1.53 0 _ . 1.5 2.9 1.5 3.0 EBO 5.0 - -BBPA 0.07 0.13 0.62 _ _ TBBPA 2.17 Water Remainder Remainder - Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder Abbreviations used:
Same as in Example 2, additionally PPA = phenylphosphonic acid.
Neutral Spray Salt Tests in accordance with ASTM B-117 and D-1654 were conducted as reported in Example 1. Results are reported in Table 3.
Table 3 Formulation Average Mean Creepage -millimeters.
168 hours 336 hours X-1 1.2 3.0 X-2 2.6 6.3 X-3 3.3 7.5 X-4 5.0 10 X-5 0.9 2.6 X-6 1.1 2.1 X-7 3.1 8.75 X-8 4.9 10.0 X-9 1.4 2.7 X-10 1.7 3.8 X-11 3.3 8.7 X-12 10.0 NA
X-14 1.0 3.9 X-15 1.5 3.1 Example 3 Additional phosphonates were evaluated as in Example 1. A base formulation of Ti and Zr components was prepared as follows:
Base Formulation:
Components Grams/L
Ti(i0Pr)4 0.12 H2ZrF6 (45%) 1.5 Water Remaining Neutral salt spray results are reported in Table 4.
Table 4 168 hours 336 hours Phosphonate Level NSS (mm NSS (mm Phosphonate (grams/L) creep) creep) 2-Carboxyethylphosphonic Acid 0.5 0.7 2.8 4-Bromobenzylphosphonic Acid 0.5 0.3 1.2 4-tertbutylbenzenephosphonic Acid 0.5 1.7 2.3 3-Trhihydroxysilylpropylmethyl-phosphonate 0.5 0.8 1.4 4-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid 0.25 0.7 1.0 4-nitrobenzylphosphonic acid 0.25 1.1 1.4 4-methylbenzylphosphonic acid 0.25 1.3 1.5 4-Bromobenzyl phosphonate ester 0.25 0.9 1.4 Bromophenyltrimethoxysilane 0.5 0.8 1.4 Iminobis(methylphosphonic acid) 0.1 1.0 2.7 teit-butylphosphonic Acid 0.1 0.7 1.5 EBO phosphonate 0.25 *1.5 +/-0.4 *2.5 +/-0.6 *Zinc phosphate/chrome sealed B958/P60 0.91 1.85 *Zinc phosphate/non-chrome sealed B958/P95 0.95 1.93 Note - NSS results are averages of 2 panels. * Average of 20 panels.
Example 4 To further evaluate the performance of the invention, the following formulations were prepared and tested. Multiple baths of each composition were prepared and used so that a number of replicates could be produced. The NSS results are the average of twenty panels run through each composition. Panels were processed as in Example 1.
Bath component A - B
Fluozirconic acid (45%) 1.5g/L 1.5 Fluotitanic acid (60%) 0.12 0.12 EBO phosphonate 0.25 168 hour NSS creepage 3.4 1.5 (mm) 336 hour NSS creepage 6.8 2.5 (mm) Example 5 In order to illustrate the use of oxidizing and pH adjustment agents the following examples were prepared.
CRS panels from ACT Laboratories were prepared by the following process sequence:
Clean for 60 s at 140 F in an alkaline cleaner (Kleen 132) Rinse with water for 15 s Treat - spray application at 120 F and 10 psi for 30 Rinse with deionized water for 10 s Warm air dry Bath component A
Fluozirconic acid (45%) 0.75 g/L 0.75 2.2 1.5 1.5 Fluotitanic acid (60%) 0.18 - 0.06 0.06 0.12 __ 0.12 EBO phosphonate 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.25 0.25 Boric acid 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.80 0.20 Na nitrobenzenesulfonate 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.80 0.80 Sodium nitrate 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 Fe (added as 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 FeSO4.7H2,0) Bath pH 4.8 4.8 4.8 5.0 4.0 Panels were painted with Polycron paint and performance evaluated at 240 hour neutral salt spray exposure.
Table 5 A B C D E
*B958/no seal Mm creep from scribe 2.2 2.5 2.7 3.8 5.3 3.4 * B 958 - a zinc phosphate non-sealed pretreated panel purchased from ACT
Laboratories Inc.
While the invention has been described with respect to particular embodiments, it is apparent that numerous other forms and modifications of the inventions will be obvious to those skilled in the art. The appended claims and this invention generally should be construed to cover all such obvious forms and modifications which are within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (11)
1. A method of coating a metal or metal alloy surface comprising contacting said surface with an effective amount of a chromate free aqueous treatment solution or dispersion comprising (a) a material or materials comprising one or more elements selected from Group IV B elements, (b) fluoride, (c) phosphonic acid or phosphonate, wherein said phosphonic acid or phosphonate (c) is selected from the group consisting of the formula II, of 3-trihydroxysilylpropylmethylphosphonate, of phosphonic acid [[(2-hydroxyethyl)imino] bis (methylene)] bis-, N oxide -referenced to herein as linear EBO, and of phosphonic acid [(tetrahydro-2-hydroxy-4H-1,4,2-oxazaphosphorin-4-yl) methyl]-N,P-dioxide - referred to herein as cyclic EBO, wherein formula II has the structure:
wherein R1 is PO3X2 or R2PO3X2 wherein X2 is a cation or H; R2 iS C1-C5 alkylene and Z is a member selected from H, halo, C1-C5 alkyl, NO2 and COOH.
wherein R1 is PO3X2 or R2PO3X2 wherein X2 is a cation or H; R2 iS C1-C5 alkylene and Z is a member selected from H, halo, C1-C5 alkyl, NO2 and COOH.
2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein (a) comprises H2ZrF6 and H2TiF6.
3. The method as recited in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein said phosphonic acid or phosphonate (c) comprises linear EBO, or cyclic EBO, or mixtures thereof.
4. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein said phosphonic acid and/or phosphonate (c) has the formula (II) and is a member or members selected from the group consisting of 4-bromobenzylphosphonic acid, 4-tertbutylbenzylphosphonic acid, phenylphosphonic acid, 4-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid, 4-nitrobenzylphosphonic acid, 4-methylbenzylphosphonic acid, 4-carboxybenzylphosphonic acid and 4-bromobenzyl phosphonate ethyl ester.
5. An acidic, aqueous composition or dispersion when used for forming a conversion or passivation coating on metallic surfaces, said composition being free of chromate and comprising a) material or materials comprising one or more elements selected from Group IV B elements, b) fluoride, and c) a phosphonic acid or phosphonate, wherein said phosphonic acid or phosphonate (c) is selected from the group consisting of the formula II, of 3 -trihydroxysilylpropylmethylpho sphonate, of phosphonic acid [[(2-hydroxyethyl)imino] bis (methylene)] bis-, N oxide - referenced to herein as linear EBO, and of phosphonic acid [(tetrahydro-2-hydroxy-4H-1,4,2-oxazaphosphorin-4-yl) methyl]-N,P-dioxide- referred to herein as cyclic EBO, wherein formula II
has the structure:
wherein R1 is PO3X2 or R2PO3X2 wherein X2 is a cation or H; R2 is C1-C5 alkylene and Z is a member selected from H, halo, C1-C5 alkyl, NO2 and COOH.
has the structure:
wherein R1 is PO3X2 or R2PO3X2 wherein X2 is a cation or H; R2 is C1-C5 alkylene and Z is a member selected from H, halo, C1-C5 alkyl, NO2 and COOH.
6. The composition as recited in claim 5, wherein (a) comprises H2ZrF6 and H2TiF6.
7. The composition as recited in claim 5, wherein said phosphonic acid or phosphonate (c) is selected from the group consisting of 4-bromobenzylphosphonic acid, 4-tertbutylbenzylphosphonic acid, phenylphosphonic acid, 4-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid, 4-nitrobenzylphosphonic acid, 4-methylbenzylphosphonic acid, 4-carboxybenzylphosphonic acid and 4-bromobenzyl phosphonate ethyl ester.
8. The composition as recited in any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein said phosphonic acid or phosphonate (c) comprises linear EBO or cyclic EBO or mixtures thereof.
9. The composition as recited in claim 5, said composition comprising an acidic aqueous solution or dispersion of 1) H2ZrF6 in an amount of 0.01-40 wt%;
2) H2TiF6 in an amount of 0.01-40 wt%;
3) a phosphonic acid or phosphonate (c) in an amount of 0.01-50 wt%;
4) pH adjustment agent; and 5) silane in an amount of 0.00-20 wt%;
remainder water to equal 100 wt%.
2) H2TiF6 in an amount of 0.01-40 wt%;
3) a phosphonic acid or phosphonate (c) in an amount of 0.01-50 wt%;
4) pH adjustment agent; and 5) silane in an amount of 0.00-20 wt%;
remainder water to equal 100 wt%.
10. The composition as recited in claim 9, wherein said phosphonic acid or phosphonate is linear EBO, cyclic EBO, or mixtures thereof
11. Use of an effective amount of a chromate free aqueous treatment solution or dispersion comprising (a) a material or materials comprising one or more elements selected from Group IV B elements, (b) fluoride, (c) phosphonic acid or phosphonate, wherein said phosphonic acid or phosphonate (c) is selected from the group consisting of the formula II, of 3-trihydroxysilylpropylmethylphosphonate, of phosphonic acid [[(2- hydroxyethyl)imino] bis (methylene)] bis-, N oxide -referenced to herein as linear EBO, and of phosphonic acid [(tetrahydro-2-hydroxy-4H-1,4,2-oxazaphosphorin-4-yl) methyl]-N,P-dioxide - referred to herein as cyclic EBO, wherein formula II has the structure:
wherein R1 is PO3X2 or R2PO3X2 wherein X2 is a cation or H; R2 is C1-C5 alkylene and Z is a member selected from H, halo, C1-C5 alkyl, NO2 and COOH, for coating a metal or metal alloy.
wherein R1 is PO3X2 or R2PO3X2 wherein X2 is a cation or H; R2 is C1-C5 alkylene and Z is a member selected from H, halo, C1-C5 alkyl, NO2 and COOH, for coating a metal or metal alloy.
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US6488990B1 (en) * | 2000-10-06 | 2002-12-03 | Chemetall Gmbh | Process for providing coatings on a metallic surface |
JP2003313678A (en) * | 2002-04-23 | 2003-11-06 | Nippon Paint Co Ltd | Chromium-free surface treatment agent for metal, chromium-free surface treatment method for metal, and aluminum or aluminum alloy |
JP2003313679A (en) | 2002-04-23 | 2003-11-06 | Nippon Paint Co Ltd | Chromium-free surface treatment method for metal, and aluminum or aluminum alloy |
US20040094235A1 (en) * | 2002-11-18 | 2004-05-20 | Ge Betz, Inc. | Chrome free treatment for aluminum |
-
2005
- 2005-01-12 US US11/034,416 patent/US20060151070A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2006
- 2006-01-05 EP EP15168442.0A patent/EP2949781B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-01-05 RU RU2007130697/02A patent/RU2400562C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-01-05 CA CA2594732A patent/CA2594732C/en active Active
- 2006-01-05 CN CN201410437090.0A patent/CN104195537A/en active Pending
- 2006-01-05 WO PCT/US2006/000270 patent/WO2006076197A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-01-05 BR BRPI0606235-0A patent/BRPI0606235A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-01-05 AU AU2006205215A patent/AU2006205215C1/en not_active Ceased
- 2006-01-05 MX MX2007008510A patent/MX2007008510A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2006-01-05 EP EP06717466.4A patent/EP1841898B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-01-05 EP EP15168449.5A patent/EP2942422A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-01-05 NZ NZ556408A patent/NZ556408A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-01-05 CN CNA2006800080438A patent/CN101137767A/en active Pending
- 2006-01-12 TW TW095101228A patent/TWI392769B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2008
- 2008-06-10 US US12/157,434 patent/US8585834B2/en active Active
-
2013
- 2013-08-14 AR ARP130102881A patent/AR092124A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2949781A1 (en) | 2015-12-02 |
EP2949781B1 (en) | 2017-11-22 |
TWI392769B (en) | 2013-04-11 |
AU2006205215C1 (en) | 2012-01-19 |
BRPI0606235A2 (en) | 2009-06-09 |
US20060151070A1 (en) | 2006-07-13 |
RU2007130697A (en) | 2009-02-20 |
AU2006205215A1 (en) | 2006-07-20 |
MX2007008510A (en) | 2007-11-12 |
EP1841898B1 (en) | 2016-04-13 |
US8585834B2 (en) | 2013-11-19 |
CA2594732A1 (en) | 2006-07-20 |
TW200643222A (en) | 2006-12-16 |
US20080245444A1 (en) | 2008-10-09 |
EP2942422A1 (en) | 2015-11-11 |
CN101137767A (en) | 2008-03-05 |
RU2400562C2 (en) | 2010-09-27 |
AR092124A2 (en) | 2015-03-25 |
EP1841898A1 (en) | 2007-10-10 |
CN104195537A (en) | 2014-12-10 |
WO2006076197A1 (en) | 2006-07-20 |
NZ556408A (en) | 2010-11-26 |
AU2006205215B2 (en) | 2011-08-18 |
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