CA2563526A1 - Methods and apparatus for measuring flow velocity in a wellbore using nmr and applications using same - Google Patents
Methods and apparatus for measuring flow velocity in a wellbore using nmr and applications using same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2563526A1 CA2563526A1 CA002563526A CA2563526A CA2563526A1 CA 2563526 A1 CA2563526 A1 CA 2563526A1 CA 002563526 A CA002563526 A CA 002563526A CA 2563526 A CA2563526 A CA 2563526A CA 2563526 A1 CA2563526 A1 CA 2563526A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- magnetic field
- region
- nmr
- flow velocity
- oscillating magnetic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract 20
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims abstract 18
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000002592 echocardiography Methods 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract 1
Landscapes
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
- Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides methods and apparatus fox determining flow velocity within a formation utilizing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques in which the shape of the resonance region is restricted so that sensitivity to radial flow or vertical flow is obtained (or both when more than one NMR tool is used). Flow velocity using these NMR tools is determined using decay amplitude, frequency displacement or stimulated echoes (where the spins are stored along the magnetic field instead of the transverse plane to exploit echo decays and frequency displacements) based on the application of adiabatic pulses. Based on the described NMR measurement of flow velocity, additional wellbore parameters may be obtained such as a direct measurement of permeability, an assessment of drilling damage to the wellbore, formation pressure, invasion rate of the mud filtrate or the migration of fine mud particles during sampling operations.
Claims (16)
1. A method of determining flow velocity of a fluid in an earth formation utilizing at least one nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tool that is placed in a wellbore in the formation and which produces a static magnetic field and measures induced magnetic signals, the method comprising:
inducing the fluid to flow;
applying the static magnetic field from the NMR
tool to a volume of the formation, the static magnetic field polarizing a substantial portion of the formation that is subject to the static magnetic field;
applying an inhomogeneous oscillating magnetic field to a specific region of the polarized portion via an encoding pulse to mark spins in the specific region;
reapplying the inhomogeneous oscillating magnetic field to the specific region via an even number of refocusing pulses that induce the production of measurable signals in the specific region;
measuring amplitude of the induced signals; and deriving the flow velocity based on the measured amplitude.
inducing the fluid to flow;
applying the static magnetic field from the NMR
tool to a volume of the formation, the static magnetic field polarizing a substantial portion of the formation that is subject to the static magnetic field;
applying an inhomogeneous oscillating magnetic field to a specific region of the polarized portion via an encoding pulse to mark spins in the specific region;
reapplying the inhomogeneous oscillating magnetic field to the specific region via an even number of refocusing pulses that induce the production of measurable signals in the specific region;
measuring amplitude of the induced signals; and deriving the flow velocity based on the measured amplitude.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the inhomogeneous oscillating magnetic field is applied in accordance with field maps B0 and B1 to produce a long cylindrically shell-shaped resonance region in the formation and the determination of flow velocity is sensitive to radial flow.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the inhomogeneous oscillating magnetic field is applied in accordance with field maps B0 and B1 to produce a flattened torus-shaped resonance region in the formation and the determination of flow velocity is sensitive to vertical flow.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the inhomogeneous oscillating magnetic field is applied in accordance with field maps B0 and B1 to produce a shaped resonance region in the formation and the determination of flow velocity is sensitive to circumferential flow.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the inhomogeneous oscillating magnetic field is applied in accordance with field maps B0 and B1 to produce a saddle-point-shaped resonance region in the formation.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein applying the inhomogeneous oscillating magnetic field comprises:
applying, via a first NMR tool, a first encoding pulse in accordance with specific field maps B0 and B1 to produce a resonance region having a long cylindrical shell-shape to establish rotation in spins located in a first part of the specific region and to induce the production of measurable signals that are sensitive to radial flow; and applying, via a second NMR tool, a second encoding pulse in accordance with specific field maps B0 and B1 to produce a resonance region having a flattened torus-shape to establish rotation in spins located in a second part of the specific region and to induce the production of measurable signals that are sensitive to vertical flow.
applying, via a first NMR tool, a first encoding pulse in accordance with specific field maps B0 and B1 to produce a resonance region having a long cylindrical shell-shape to establish rotation in spins located in a first part of the specific region and to induce the production of measurable signals that are sensitive to radial flow; and applying, via a second NMR tool, a second encoding pulse in accordance with specific field maps B0 and B1 to produce a resonance region having a flattened torus-shape to establish rotation in spins located in a second part of the specific region and to induce the production of measurable signals that are sensitive to vertical flow.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein reapplying the inhomogeneous oscillating magnetic field comprises:
reapplying, via a first NMR tool, at least a first even number of refocusing pulses having the same inhomogeneous oscillating magnetic field as the first adiabatic encoding pulse to the first part of the specific region; and reapplying, via a second NMR tool, at least a second even number of refocusing pulses having the same inhomogeneous oscillating magnetic field as the second adiabatic encoding pulse to the second part of the specific region.
reapplying, via a first NMR tool, at least a first even number of refocusing pulses having the same inhomogeneous oscillating magnetic field as the first adiabatic encoding pulse to the first part of the specific region; and reapplying, via a second NMR tool, at least a second even number of refocusing pulses having the same inhomogeneous oscillating magnetic field as the second adiabatic encoding pulse to the second part of the specific region.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the first and second NMR tools are included within a drill string and NMR
measurements of flow velocity are made while drilling of the wellbore occurs.
measurements of flow velocity are made while drilling of the wellbore occurs.
9. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
taking a local pressure gradient measurement;
deriving a horizontal component of flow velocity from the measurable signals induced by the first NMR tool;
deriving a vertical component of flow velocity from the measurable signals induced by the second NMR tool;
and deriving a measurement of permeability from the horizontal component, the vertical component and the local pressure gradient measurement.
taking a local pressure gradient measurement;
deriving a horizontal component of flow velocity from the measurable signals induced by the first NMR tool;
deriving a vertical component of flow velocity from the measurable signals induced by the second NMR tool;
and deriving a measurement of permeability from the horizontal component, the vertical component and the local pressure gradient measurement.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the NMR tool is included within a drill string and NMR measurements of flow velocity are made while drilling of the wellbore occurs.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the induced signals are echoes and measuring amplitude of the induced signals comprises:
detecting a single echo.
detecting a single echo.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the induced signals are echoes and measuring amplitude of the induced signals comprises:
detecting a multi-echo train.
detecting a multi-echo train.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein the specific region has a resonance region and reapplying the inhomogeneous oscillating magnetic field comprises:
applying an adiabatic fast full passage pulse through the resonance region by varying the frequency of the refocusing pulses so that the pulses are applied prior to one end of the region, through the region, and up to resonance frequency.
applying an adiabatic fast full passage pulse through the resonance region by varying the frequency of the refocusing pulses so that the pulses are applied prior to one end of the region, through the region, and up to resonance frequency.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein the specific region has a resonance region and applying the inhomogeneous oscillating magnetic field comprises:
applying an adiabatic fast half passage pulse into the resonance region by varying the frequency of the adiabatic pulses so that the pulses are applied prior to one end of the region and into the region.
applying an adiabatic fast half passage pulse into the resonance region by varying the frequency of the adiabatic pulses so that the pulses are applied prior to one end of the region and into the region.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein the even number of refocusing pulses comprise a plurality of refocusing pulses that suppress decay due to translational diffusion so that amplitude measurements are dependent mainly on velocity only when diffusion is present.
16. The method of claim 1, further comprising distinguishing diffusion from induced fluid flow.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/951,914 US6528995B1 (en) | 2001-09-10 | 2001-09-10 | Methods and apparatus for measuring flow velocity in a wellbore using NMR and applications using same |
| US09/951,914 | 2001-09-10 | ||
| CA002401940A CA2401940C (en) | 2001-09-10 | 2002-09-09 | Methods and apparatus for measuring flow velocity in a wellbore using nmr and applications using same |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002401940A Division CA2401940C (en) | 2001-09-10 | 2002-09-09 | Methods and apparatus for measuring flow velocity in a wellbore using nmr and applications using same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2563526A1 true CA2563526A1 (en) | 2003-03-10 |
| CA2563526C CA2563526C (en) | 2012-07-10 |
Family
ID=37450534
Family Applications (5)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2577581A Expired - Fee Related CA2577581C (en) | 2001-09-10 | 2002-09-09 | Methods and apparatus for measuring flow velocity in a wellbore using nmr and applications using same |
| CA002577579A Abandoned CA2577579A1 (en) | 2001-09-10 | 2002-09-09 | Methods and apparatus for measuring flow velocity in a wellbore using nmr and applications using same |
| CA2563526A Expired - Fee Related CA2563526C (en) | 2001-09-10 | 2002-09-09 | Methods and apparatus for measuring flow velocity in a wellbore using nmr and applications using same |
| CA2562217A Expired - Fee Related CA2562217C (en) | 2001-09-10 | 2002-09-09 | Methods and apparatus for measuring flow velocity in a wellbore using nmr and applications using same |
| CA002577578A Abandoned CA2577578A1 (en) | 2001-09-10 | 2002-09-09 | Methods and apparatus for measuring flow velocity in a wellbore using nmr and applications using same |
Family Applications Before (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2577581A Expired - Fee Related CA2577581C (en) | 2001-09-10 | 2002-09-09 | Methods and apparatus for measuring flow velocity in a wellbore using nmr and applications using same |
| CA002577579A Abandoned CA2577579A1 (en) | 2001-09-10 | 2002-09-09 | Methods and apparatus for measuring flow velocity in a wellbore using nmr and applications using same |
Family Applications After (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2562217A Expired - Fee Related CA2562217C (en) | 2001-09-10 | 2002-09-09 | Methods and apparatus for measuring flow velocity in a wellbore using nmr and applications using same |
| CA002577578A Abandoned CA2577578A1 (en) | 2001-09-10 | 2002-09-09 | Methods and apparatus for measuring flow velocity in a wellbore using nmr and applications using same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (5) | CA2577581C (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6711947B2 (en) | 2001-06-13 | 2004-03-30 | Rem Scientific Enterprises, Inc. | Conductive fluid logging sensor and method |
| CA2825499A1 (en) | 2003-10-01 | 2005-04-14 | Rem Scientific Enterprises, Inc. | Apparatus and method for fluid flow measurement with sensor shielding |
| CA2667498C (en) | 2006-11-10 | 2013-01-15 | Rem Scientific Enterprises, Inc. | Rotating fluid measurement device and method |
-
2002
- 2002-09-09 CA CA2577581A patent/CA2577581C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-09-09 CA CA002577579A patent/CA2577579A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-09-09 CA CA2563526A patent/CA2563526C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-09-09 CA CA2562217A patent/CA2562217C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-09-09 CA CA002577578A patent/CA2577578A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2577581C (en) | 2012-07-10 |
| CA2577581A1 (en) | 2003-03-10 |
| CA2563526C (en) | 2012-07-10 |
| CA2577579A1 (en) | 2003-03-10 |
| CA2562217A1 (en) | 2003-03-10 |
| CA2562217C (en) | 2012-08-07 |
| CA2577578A1 (en) | 2003-03-10 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN100357764C (en) | Methods and apparatus for measuring flow velocity in a wellbore using NMR and applications using same | |
| CA2841119C (en) | Nmr tracking of injected fluids | |
| US6297632B1 (en) | Detecting tool motion effects on spin echoes obtained with nuclear magnetic resonance measurements | |
| US6933719B2 (en) | Fluid flow properties from acoustically stimulated NMR | |
| GB2445085A (en) | Assessing Porous Media Properties by Downhole MRI and Acoustic Logging | |
| CA2563526A1 (en) | Methods and apparatus for measuring flow velocity in a wellbore using nmr and applications using same | |
| AU2005200135B2 (en) | Methods for measuring flow velocity in a wellbore using NMR and applications using same | |
| AU2005200133B2 (en) | Methods for measuring flow velocity in a wellbore using NMR and applications using same | |
| AU2005200131B2 (en) | Methods for measuring flow velocity in a wellbore using NMR and applications using same | |
| GB2403544A (en) | NMR method for measuring flow velocity in a wellbore | |
| AU2005200132B2 (en) | Methods for measuring flow velocity in a wellbore using NMR and applications using same | |
| AU2005200130B2 (en) | Methods for measuring flow velocity in a wellbore using NMR and applications using same |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20180910 |