CA2560600A1 - Method and apparatus to determine the wind speed and direction experienced by a wind turbine - Google Patents

Method and apparatus to determine the wind speed and direction experienced by a wind turbine Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2560600A1
CA2560600A1 CA002560600A CA2560600A CA2560600A1 CA 2560600 A1 CA2560600 A1 CA 2560600A1 CA 002560600 A CA002560600 A CA 002560600A CA 2560600 A CA2560600 A CA 2560600A CA 2560600 A1 CA2560600 A1 CA 2560600A1
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CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
sensor
wind turbine
rotor
wind
speed
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
CA002560600A
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French (fr)
Other versions
CA2560600C (en
Inventor
Troels Friis Pedersen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ROMO WIND AG
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Individual
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Publication of CA2560600A1 publication Critical patent/CA2560600A1/en
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Publication of CA2560600C publication Critical patent/CA2560600C/en
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P13/00—Indicating or recording presence, absence, or direction, of movement
    • G01P13/02—Indicating direction only, e.g. by weather vane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0204—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for orientation in relation to wind direction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
    • G01P5/02—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring forces exerted by the fluid on solid bodies, e.g. anemometer
    • G01P5/06—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring forces exerted by the fluid on solid bodies, e.g. anemometer using rotation of vanes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
    • G01P5/14—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring differences of pressure in the fluid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
    • G01P5/14—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring differences of pressure in the fluid
    • G01P5/16—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring differences of pressure in the fluid using Pitot tubes, e.g. Machmeter
    • G01P5/165—Arrangements or constructions of Pitot tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/301—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/32—Wind speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/321—Wind directions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/324—Air pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/80—Devices generating input signals, e.g. transducers, sensors, cameras or strain gauges
    • F05B2270/802—Calibration thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Indicating Or Recording The Presence, Absence, Or Direction Of Movement (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

An apparatus and a method used to determine the speed and direction of the wind experienced by a wind turbine are provided. Said apparatus comprises at least one sensor fixed to the rotor of said wind turbine, an angular sensor to measure the angular position of the rotor of said wind turbine, and a circui t which converts the relationship between the output of said at least one sens or and the output of the angular sensor into the speed and direction of the win d experienced by the wind turbine. According to the invention, the sensing apparatus can measure the wind speed and direction in three dimensions. In addition, mounting the sensors directly to the rotor of the wind turbine results in a very simple and robust installation. Mounting the sensors directly to the rotor also eliminates the turbulence from the rotor and the nacelle of the wind turbine from affecting the sensors.

Claims (14)

1. An apparatus (1;12;17;22;25) used to determine the speed and direction of the wind experienced by a wind turbine (4) comprising, - at least one sensor (2;13,15;21;23;26) fixed to the rotor (6;19) of said wind turbine (4), characterized by - an angular sensor to measure the angular position of the rotor of said wind turbine (4), and - a circuit which converts the relationship between the output of said at least one sensor (2;13,15;21;23;26) and the output of the angular sensor into the speed and direction of the wind experienced by the wind turbine (4).
2. An apparatus (1;12;22;25) according to claim 1 characterized in that the at least one sensor (2;13,15;21;23;26) is mounted on the spinner (3) or the hub (19) of the wind turbine (4) or on a body (18) fixed to the rotor (3;19) of the wind turbine (4).
3. An apparatus (26) according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that the at least one sensor (26) comprises at bent rod (28) mounted on the spinner (3) or the hub (19) of the wind turbine (4), two sonic sensor heads (29,30) attached to the bent rod (28) opposite each other, and a sensor body (27) with the circuit which converts the relationship between the output of said at least one sensor (26) and the output of the angular sensor into the speed and direction of the wind experienced by the wind turbine (4).
4. An apparatus (1) according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that said at least one sensor is an air speed sensor (2).
5. An apparatus (12;17;22) according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that said at least one sensor is a pressure sensor (13,15;21;23), the output of said pressure sensor (13,15;21;23) representing the surface pressure at a point on said spinner (3) or said body (18).
6. An apparatus (12) according to any of claims 1 - 5 characterized in that two sensors (13,15) are fixed to said rotor (6), said two sensors (13,15) placed symmetrically about the rotation axis (5) of said rotor (6) and mounted on a plane encompassing the rotation axis (5).
7. An apparatus according to any of claims 1 - 5 characterized in that at least three sensors are fixed to said rotor and placed with equidistant angles around the rotation axis (5) of said rotor (6).
8. A method used to determine the speed and direction of the wind experienced by a wind turbine (4) comprising the steps of:
- rotating at least one sensor (2;13,15;21;23;26) about the rotation axis (5) of the rotor (6) of said wind turbine (4), - recording the output of said at least one sensor (2;13,15;21;23;26) in at least one angular position, and - using the relationship between said at least one recording and the at least one angular position at which it was taken to calculate the wind speed and direction.
9. A method according to claim 8, characterized in that said at least one sensor (2;13,15;21;23;26) is mounted to a body (3;18) fixed to the rotor (6;19) of the wind turbine and that the flow characteristics of the airflow around said body (3;18) are used to help to determine the wind speed and direction.
10. A method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the output of said at least one sensor (2;13,15;21;23;26) is recorded at multiple points during the rotation of the rotor (6;19) and the relationship between the recordings and the angular position at which the recordings were taken is used to determine the wind speed and direction.
11. A method according to claim 10 characterized in that the phase and the extreme values of said relationship are used to determine the speed and direction of the wind.
12. A method according to any one of claims 8 to 11 characterized in that said at least one sensor is at least one air speed sensor (2) fixed to the rotor (6) of said wind turbine (4).
13. A method according to any one of claims 8 to 11 characterized in that said at least one sensor is at least one pressure sensor (13,15;21;23) mounted to a rotating body (3;18) fixed to the rotor (6;19) of said wind turbine (4).
14. Use of an apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7 for the purpose of determining the speed and direction of the wind experienced by a wind turbine (4).
CA2560600A 2004-03-26 2005-03-22 Method and apparatus to determine the wind speed and direction experienced by a wind turbine Expired - Fee Related CA2560600C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DKPA200400494 2004-03-26
DKPA200400494 2004-03-26
PCT/DK2005/000193 WO2005093435A1 (en) 2004-03-26 2005-03-22 Method and apparatus to determine the wind speed and direction experienced by a wind turbine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2560600A1 true CA2560600A1 (en) 2005-10-06
CA2560600C CA2560600C (en) 2010-10-26

Family

ID=34961759

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA2560600A Expired - Fee Related CA2560600C (en) 2004-03-26 2005-03-22 Method and apparatus to determine the wind speed and direction experienced by a wind turbine

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US7347668B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1733241B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4487059B2 (en)
CN (1) CN101389967B (en)
AT (1) ATE378603T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2005225666B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2560600C (en)
DE (1) DE602005003341T2 (en)
DK (1) DK1733241T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2296143T3 (en)
NO (1) NO338891B1 (en)
PT (1) PT1733241E (en)
WO (1) WO2005093435A1 (en)

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ATE378603T1 (en) 2007-11-15
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CN101389967B (en) 2011-08-24
EP1733241B1 (en) 2007-11-14
EP1733241A1 (en) 2006-12-20
US7347668B2 (en) 2008-03-25
NO338891B1 (en) 2016-10-31
AU2005225666B2 (en) 2008-10-23
JP4487059B2 (en) 2010-06-23
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