CA2512128C

CA2512128C - High-pressure threaded union with metal-to-metal seal, and metal ring gasket for same

Info

Publication number: CA2512128C
Application number: CA002512128A
Authority: CA
Inventors: L. Murray Dallas; Bob Mcguire; Danny Lee Artherholt
Original assignee: Stinger Wellhead Protection Inc
Current assignee: Oil States Energy Services LLC
Priority date: 2005-07-14
Filing date: 2005-07-14
Publication date: 2009-02-10
Anticipated expiration: 2025-07-14
Also published as: CA2654947A1; CA2654947C; CA2512128A1

Abstract

A metal ring gasket provides a high-pressure temperature tolerant metal-to-metal seal between subcomponents of a threaded union. The metal ring gasket is received in an annular cavity formed between mating surfaces of the subcomponents of the threaded union. The metal ring gasket is capable of maintaining a fluid seal even at very high temperatures resulting from direct exposure to fire. At high fluid pressures the metal ring gasket is energized because hoop stress induced by the fluid pressure forces the metal ring gasket into tighter contact with the subcomponents of the threaded union.

Description

OR File No. 9-13523-64CA

HIGH-PRESSURE THREADED UNION WITH METAL-TO-METAL SEAL, AND METAL RING GASKET FOR SAME
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates generally to sealed joints for high-pressure fluid conduits and, in particular, to a metal ring gasket for threaded unions for use in very high fluid pressure applications.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Threaded unions are used to provide fluid-tight joints in fluid conduits. Threaded unions are held together by a threaded nut that is tightened to a required torque using a hammer or a wrench. In the oil industry, threaded unions are generally constructed using "wing nuts" and are commonly called "hammer unions" or "hammer lug unions".
Hammer unions are designed and manufactured in accordance with the specifications stipulated by the American Petroleum Institute in API 6A entitled "Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment". Hammer unions are usually available in a variety of sizes (1" to 12") and a variety of pressure ratings (1000 psi to over 20,000 psi).
One substantial disadvantage of most prior-art threaded unions is that they rely on elastomeric seals for achieving a fluid-tight joint. Elastomeric seals are vulnerable to the extreme temperatures generated by fire.
In the event that a fire erupts around a high-pressure conduit, the elastomeric seal in the threaded union may leak or fail completely which may exacerbate the fire if the leak permits combustible fluids to escape to the atmosphere.

- 2 -While flanged unions are commonly used in well trees, pipelines and other high-pressure applications where temperature tolerant seals are required, flanged unions are relatively expensive to construct and time-consuming to assemble in the field. Metal ring gaskets are known for flanged unions, such as the BX ring gasket manufactured in accordance with API 6A. In operation, however, these BX
ring gaskets are deformed beyond their yield strength and must be discarded after a single load cycle.

It is well known in the art that there is increasing pressure on the oil industry to produce hydrocarbons at a lower cost. Consequently, an interest has developed in utilizing wellhead equipment that is less expensive to construct and is more quickly assembled than prior art flanged unions. Threaded unions provide a good alternative to flanged unions from a cost standpoint because they are faster to assemble and less expensive to construct.
However, due to safety concerns related to the lack of a reliable high-pressure metal-to-metal seal, use of threaded unions for well tree components and other high-pressure temperature tolerant applications has not been endorsed.
Therefore, it is highly desirable to provide an improved threaded union having a high-pressure metal-to-metal seal.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved threaded union for providing a high-pressure, fluid-tight, metal-to-metal seal.

The invention therefore provides a threaded union for providing a high-pressure, fluid-tight, metal-to-metal seal Substitute Page OR File No. 9-13523-64CA

- 3 -in a fluid conduit, the threaded union comprising: first and second subcomponents that are interconnected by a nut, the first and second subcomponents having respective mating ends with complementary ring gasket grooves therein that form an annular cavity when the mating ends abut; and a metal ring gasket received in the annular cavity, wherein the metal ring gasket has an outer diameter that is slightly larger than an outer diameter of the annular cavity and the metal ring gasket is elastically deformed in the annular cavity to provide a high-pressure fluid-tight seal between the first and second subcomponents when the first and second subcomponents are securely interconnected by the nut.

The invention further provides a metal ring gasket for providing a high-pressure, fluid-tight metal-to-metal seal in an annular cavity formed by annular grooves at an interface of first and second subcomponents of a threaded union, the metal ring gasket comprising a generally annular body having beveled outer corners for receiving compressive loads exerted on the metal ring gasket by complementary surfaces on an outer diameter of the annular cavity when the first and second subcomponents are securely interconnected, the metal ring gasket having an outer diameter that is slightly larger than an outer diameter of the annular cavity and the metal ring gasket is elastically deformed in the annular cavity to provide a high-pressure fluid-tight seal between the first and second subcomponents when the first and second subcomponents are securely interconnected by the nut.

The invention further provides a method of providing a high-pressure fluid-tight seal between first and second subcomponents of a threaded union, the method comprising:

OR File No. 9-13523-64CA

- 4 -determining an inner diameter and an outer diameter of an annular metal ring gasket groove in a mating face of the first and second subcomponents; and manufacturing a metal ring gasket to be received in an annular cavity formed by the respective metal ring gasket grooves when the first and second subcomponents are securely interconnected by a nut of the threaded union, the metal ring gasket having outer faces for mating contact with complementary faces in the respective metal ring gasket grooves, an outer diameter that is slightly larger than an outer diameter of the annular ring gasket grooves and an inner diameter that is slightly larger than an inner diameter of the ring gasket grooves so that the metal ring gasket is elastically deformed when placed in the annular grooves and the first and second subcomponents are securely interconnected, but a gap remains between an inner side of the metal ring gasket and an inner surface of the annular cavity.

The threaded union in accordance with the invention can be used to construct wellhead components, well tree components, or joints in any fluid conduit where a reliable high-pressure temperature tolerant fluid seal is required.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Further features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in combination with the appended drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a threaded union and a metal ring gasket in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;

- 5 -FIG. 2 is an exploded, cross-sectional view of the threaded union shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a threaded union and a metal ring gasket in accordance with another embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the metal ring gasket shown in FIGs. 1-3 immediately prior to elastic deformation of the metal ring gasket as the threaded union is tightened to a sealed condition;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the metal ring gasket shown in FIGs. 1-3 schematically illustrating an extent of elastic deformation of the metal ring gasket when the threaded union is in the sealed condition;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the metal ring gasket shown in FIGs. 1 and 3 when the threaded union is in the sealed condition and under elevated fluid pressure; and FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a metal ring gasket in accordance with the invention in a sealed condition under elevated fluid pressures.

It should be noted that throughout the appended drawings, like features are identified by like reference numerals.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The invention provides a threaded union with a metal ring gasket that provides a high-pressure, temperature tolerant, metal-to-metal fluid seal between a first subcomponent and a second subcomponent of the threaded Substitute Page OR File No. 9-13523-64CA

- 6 -union. The metal ring gasket is made of ductile carbon steel for non-corrosive fluid service or ductile stainless steel for corrosive fluid service. The metal ring gasket has outer beveled corners and is received in a beveled annular groove in a mating end of the first subcomponent.
When compressed between the first and the second subcomponents, the metal ring gasket deforms elastically to provide an energized high-pressure fluid seal. The high-pressure seal is capable of containing fluid pressures of up to at least 30,000 pounds per square inch (psi), and is not affected by elevated temperatures below a melting point of the ductile steel of the metal ring gasket.

Throughout this specification, the terms "first subcomponent" and "second subcomponent" are meant to denote any two contiguous components of a joint in a fluid conduit that are joined together using a threaded nut.

FIG. 1 illustrates a threaded union 10 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. The threaded union 10 includes a first subcomponent 12 and a second subcomponent 14. The first and second subcomponents 12, 14 are generally annular bodies that are interconnected to define a central fluid passageway 15 as part of a high-pressure fluid conduit. The first subcomponent 12 has a mating end 16 that abuts a mating end 18 of the second subcomponent 14. The first subcomponent 12 has a top surface that includes an upwardly facing annular groove 20.
The upwardly facing annular groove 20 is dimensioned to receive a metal ring gasket 30 in accordance with the invention. The second subcomponent 14 has a bottom surface that includes a downwardly facing annular groove 22. The upwardly facing and downwardly facing annular grooves 20, 22 mate when the second subcomponent 14 is connected to the OR File No. 9-13523-64CA

- 7 -first subcomponent 12 to define a hexagonal annular cavity 24. However, as will be explained below, the annular cavity 24 need not necessarily be hexagonal to provide the energized high-pressure fluid seal in accordance with the invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, the second subcomponent 14 is secured to the first subcomponent 12 by a threaded nut 40.
The threaded nut 40 has box threads 42 for engaging pin threads 44 formed externally on the first subcomponent 12.

In one embodiment, the threaded nut 40 is a wing nut and includes a plurality of lugs 46 that extend radially from a main body 48 of the threaded nut 40. The lugs 46 have impact surfaces 46a which may be impact-torqued using a hammer or mallet (not shown) in the usual way in which a hammer union is "hammered up". In another embodiment, the threaded nut 40 is a "spanner nut" that includes flats, bores, or the like, that are gripped by a spanner wrench (not shown) to permit the threaded nut 40 to be tightened to a required torque. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the wrench used to tighten the nut may be a torque wrench, which indicates the torque applied to the threaded nut 40 to ensure that it is tightened with a precise amount of torque.

The threaded nut 40 in accordance with this embodiment of this invention is constructed in three parts so that a main body of the nut 40 can be a single piece construction for greater strength. As is understood by those skilled in the art, the nuts for hammer unions are commonly cut into two parts that are welded together in situ after the nut is positioned above an annular shoulder 14a of the second subcomponent 14. However, this compromises the holding strength of the nut, which is strained when the hammer OR File No. 9-13523-64CA

- 8 -union is exposed to very high fluid pressure. The threaded nut 40 in accordance with the invention has an upper annular shoulder 47 that extends radially inwardly from a top of the main body 48 of the nut 40. The annular shoulder 47 abuts a flange 52 that extends radially outwardly from an adapter collar 50. The adapter collar 50 is a generally annular multi-piece body having an inner diameter dimensioned to slide over an outer surface of the second subcomponent 14 until a bottom surface 54 of the adapter collar 50 abuts the annular shoulder 14a of the second subcomponent 14. A bottom surface of the annular shoulder 14a, in turn, abuts a top surface 16 of the first subcomponent 12. When torque is applied to the nut 40, the upper annular shoulder 47 of the nut 40 is forced downwardly on the flange 52, which in turn exerts a downward force on the annular shoulder 14a, thereby forcing the bottom surface 18 of the second component 14 against the top surface 16 of the first subcomponent 12, and thus forcing the metal ring gasket 30 to a set position in the annular cavity 24. In one embodiment, the multi-piece adapter collar 50 is constructed of two symmetrical parts.
As further shown in FIG. 1, the adapter collar 50 includes an annular groove 56 dimensioned to receive an inner edge of a segmented retainer plate 60. The segmented retainer plate 60 is secured to a top of the nut 40 by threaded fasteners 62, which are received in a plurality of tapped bores 49 distributed in a circular pattern around a top of the nut. In one embodiment, the segmented retainer plate 60 is constructed of three wedge-shaped pieces.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the metal ring gasket 30 provides a high-pressure metal-to-metal seal between the first and second subcomponents 12, 14. The

- 9 -threaded union 10 also includes a pair of elastomeric backup seals, e.g. 0-rings, which are seated in annular grooves 70 in the second subcomponent. Alternatively, the annular grooves 70 could be machined into the first subcomponent. It will be appreciated that the number of elastomeric annular sealing elements can be varied from zero to three or more.

FIG. 2 illustrates, in an exploded view, the threaded union 10 shown in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 2, the threaded union 10 includes a pair of 0-rings 80, each having its own backing member 82. The 0-rings 80 and backing members 82 are dimensioned to be received in each of the two annular grooves 70 in order to provide the elastomeric backup seal to the metal-to-metal seal provided by the metal ring gasket 30. As is apparent, in this embodiment the first subcomponent 12 includes a socket 64 and the upwardly facing annular groove 20 is located in the bottom of the socket 64. The second subcomponent 14 includes a pin end 66 and the downwardly facing annular groove is located on a bottom of the pin end 66. When the first subcomponent 12 and the second subcomponent 14 are interconnected, the socket 64 receives the pin end 66.

FIG. 3 illustrates a threaded union 10 in accordance with another embodiment of the invention. The high-pressure fluid-tight seal between the first and second subcomponents 12, 14 is provided only by the metal ring gasket 30. Otherwise, the embodiments shown in FIGs. 2 and 3 are identical.

In testing, the metal ring gasket 30 has maintained a fluid-tight seal up to a fluid pressure of 30,000 psi. The Substitute Page

- 10 -metal ring gasket is also able to maintain a high-pressure seal even if exposed to elevated temperatures due to fire.
As illustrated in FIG. 4, in one embodiment of the invention the metal ring gasket 30 has beveled corners (or beveled surfaces) and an octagonal cross-section. In one embodiment, the corners of the metal ring gasket are beveled at an angle of 23 1 . Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that the bevel angle may be changed within limits without affecting the efficacy of the energized seal. The metal ring gasket 30 is preferably made of steel. Plain carbon steel or stainless steel is selected depending on whether a fluid to be contained is corrosive or non-corrosive.

For service where corrosion is not generally problematic AISI 1018 nickel-plated cold-drawn steel may be used. The AISI 1018 steel has a carbon content of 0.18%
(although it may vary from 0.14% to 0.20%), a manganese content of 0.6% to 0.9%, a maximum phosphorus content of 0.04% and a maximum sulfur content of 0.05%. The AISI 1018 steel exhibits high machinability (its average machinability rating is 70%), good fracture toughness, good surface hardness (126 HB), high tensile strength (440 MPa), high yield strength (370 MPa), superior ductility (40-50%
reduction in cross-sectional area at the fracture load) and is relatively inexpensive. Alternatively, other plain carbon steels may be substituted, provided they have approximately similar mechanical properties.

For service where corrosion is problematic the metal ring gasket may be made using either AISI 316 stainless steel or AISI 304 stainless steel. Not only are these stainless steels corrosion-resistant but they also possess Substitute Page

- 11 -desirable mechanical properties (in terms of machinability, fracture toughness, surface hardness, tensile strength and yield strength).

Alternatively, persons skilled in the art will appreciate that, for certain applications, the metal ring gaskets in accordance with the invention may be made using metals other than steel (such as aluminum or copper alloys like brass or bronze, for example), which are more temperature-resistant than elastomeric gaskets.

As illustrated schematically in FIG. 4, when the threaded nut 40 is tightened, the nut 40 exerts a force F
on the first and second subcomponent 12,14. The forces F
elastically deform the metal ring gasket 30 within the annular cavity 24. The compressive force Fc acting on the outer beveled surfaces can be expressed by the equation: Fc = F sin 23 , assuming a bevel angle of 23 .

FIG. 4 shows the undeformed metal ring gasket 30 in substantially unloaded contact with the inner beveled surfaces of the annular cavity 24, for example immediately prior to or immediately after torquing of the threaded nut 40. When the threaded nut 40 has been tightened to the extent shown in FIG. 4, the annular cavity 24 has a hexagonal cross section with internal beveled surfaces, or facets, that have angles that correspond to the bevel angles of the octagonal cross section of the metal ring gasket 30. As shown in FIG. 4, the top, bottom and inner side surfaces of the metal ring gasket do not contact the top, bottom or inner surfaces of the annular cavity 24. In other words, there remains at all times, even after full torgue, an upper gap Gu between the top surface of the metal ring gasket 30 and the top (inner) surface of the Substitute Page

- 12 -annular cavity 24. Likewise, there remains at all times a lower gap GL between the bottom surface of the metal ring gasket 30 and the bottom (inner) surface of the annular cavity 24, a gap Gs between the inner side of the metal ring gasket 30 and the inner side of the annular cavity 24;
and, a gap GB between the inner beveled corners of the metal ring gasket 30 and the annular cavity 24.

When the forces Fc act on each of the outer beveled corners the metal ring gasket 30 the forces cause the metal ring gasket 30 to be elastically deformed inwardly to provide a fluid-tight seal between the first and second subcomponents.

As schematically illustrated in FIG. 5, the metal ring gasket is over-sized to have an outer diameter such that the outer beveled corners must be displaced by elastic deformation of the metal ring gasket 30 by about 0.003"
when the first subcomponent 12 and the second subcomponent 14 are securely interconnected. It should be noted that in FIG. 5 the oversizing of the metal ring gasket is shown at an exaggerated scale for the purposes of illustration. The 0.003" oversizing is considered optimal for the steels described above because the metal ring gasket 30 is elastically, and not plastically deformed in the annular cavity 24. It will be appreciated that for other steels, and/or for other sizes of threaded unions, the oversizing may be different to provide an optimal seal.
As further shown in FIG. 5, an inner diameter of the metal ring gasket 30 is larger than a diameter of the annular cavity 24. In one embodiment the inner diameter of the metal seal ring is such that the gap GB is at least 0.001"
after the metal ring gasket 30 is elastically deformed in the annular cavity 24. In one embodiment, the inner Substitute Page

- 13 -diameter of the metal ring gasket 30 is about 0.014" larger than an inner diameter of the annular cavity 24 before the metal ring gasket is elastically deformed. However, this difference in the diameters is not critical and can be varied considerably, so long as the metal ring gasket 30 can be elastically deformed without the elastic deformation being inhibited by contact with an inner face of the annular cavity 24. Consequently, if an inner diameter of the metal ring gasket is at least 0.003" larger than an inner diameter of the annular cavity 24, the metal ring gasket can be elastically deformed as required.

In operation, the threaded union 10 is torqued or "hammered up" by tightening the nut 40 until the end surfaces 16,18 of the first and second subcomponents 12,14 abut. Due to the slight over-sizing (about 0.003" ) of the metal ring gasket 30, the threaded union cannot be over-torqued, and there is no danger of plastic deformation of the metal ring gasket 30. The metal ring gasket 30 can therefore be repeatedly reused so long as the sealing surfaces on its beveled faces are not scratched or marred.
FIG. 6 schematically illustrates the threaded union 10 when it is exposed to elevated fluid pressures. As is understood in the art, high fluid pressures in the fluid passage 15 (FIG. 3) force the end surfaces 16,18 of the first and second subcomponents 12,14 apart due to elastic deformation of the threaded nut 40. This creates a gap 90 between the first and second subcomponents 12,14. Fluid pressure flows through the gap 90 on the inner side of the metal ring gasket 30. The fluid pressure induces hoop stress in the metal ring gasket 30 that forces the sealing surfaces 30a, 30b of the metal ring gasket 30 into tighter contact with the corresponding surfaces of the annular Substitute Page

- 14 -cavity 24, and the seal is "energized". Consequently, the higher the fluid pressure (within the pressure capacity of the first and second subcomponents 12,14) in the central fluid passage 15, the more energized and tighter the fluid seal.

FIG. 7 schematically illustrates another embodiment of a metal ring gasket 32 in accordance with the invention.
The metal ring gasket 32 has an outer diameter and outer beveled corners that are configured the same as described above with reference to FIGs. 4-6 and the metal ring gasket is elastically deformed in the annular cavity 24 in the same way. However, the metal ring gasket 32 is hexagonal in cross-section and has a flat inner side that is spaced from an inner surface of the annular cavity 24. The fluid pressure acts on the flat side to energize the seal as described above. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the shape of the inner side, and consequently, the cross-sectional shape of the metal ring gaskets 30,32 is a matter of design choice.

The threaded union 10 in accordance with the invention may be used to construct a high-pressure, fluid-tight seal between a drilling flange, described in Applicant's U.S.
Patent No. 7,159,652, which issued on January 9, 2007 and a wellhead on a wellhead assembly, as described and illustrated in Applicant's U.S. Patent No. 7,125,055 and is entitled METAL RING GASKET FOR A THREADED UNION, as well as a fluid conduit for any other application.

The metal ring gasket in accordance with the invention has been extensively pressure-tested in a number of threaded unions integrated into different wellhead and well stimulation tool components. It has proven to be extremely Substitute Page

- 15 -reliable and provides a very high-pressure energized seal that is easy to "torque up" using a hammer or a wrench.
This permits such components to be more economically constructed and more quickly assembled. Cost savings are therefore realized, while worker safety and environmental protection are ensured.

As will be understood in the art, the metal ring gasket 30,32 for the threaded union 10 can be used in a variety of applications to reduce cost, while ensuring high performance and safety in fluid conduits of all types, including welihead assemblies and well stimulation equipment, where very high pressure and very high temperature resistance are especially important.

The embodiments of the invention described above are therefore intended to be exemplary only. The scope of the invention is intended to be limited solely by the scope of the appended claims.

Substitute Page

Claims

Embodiments of the Invention in Which an Exclusive Property or Privilege is Claimed are Defined as Follows:

1. A threaded union for providing a fluid-tight, metal-to-metal seal in a fluid conduit, the threaded union comprising:

first and second subcomponents that are interconnected by a nut, the first and second subcomponents having respective mating ends, the mating end of the first subcomponent including an upwardly facing annular groove that mates with a complementary downwardly facing annular groove in the mating end of the second subcomponent, said complementary annular grooves forming an annular cavity having an inner face, an outer face, a top surface and a bottom surface when the respective mating ends abut; and a metal ring gasket received in the annular cavity, the metal ring gasket having an inner diameter and an outer diameter that are larger than a respective inner diameter and outer diameter of the annular cavity and the metal ring gasket is elastically deformed in the annular cavity by contact with only the outer face of the annular cavity, to provide the fluid-tight seal between the first and second subcomponents when the first and second subcomponents are securely interconnected by the nut.

2. The threaded union as claimed in claim 1 wherein the outer diameter of the metal ring gasket comprises beveled surfaces angled to mate with complementary surfaces on an outer face of the respective annular grooves.

3. The threaded union as claimed in claims 1 or 2 wherein the outer diameter of the metal ring gasket is about 0.003" larger than an outer diameter of the respective annular grooves at the respective complementary surfaces.

4. The threaded union as claimed in any one of claims 1-3 wherein after the first and second subcomponents are securely interconnected by the nut a gap between an inner side of the metal ring gasket and respective inner faces of the respective annular grooves is at least 0.003".

5. The threaded union as claimed in any one of claims 1-4 wherein the nut is constructed in three parts so that a main body of the nut is a single piece construction for greater strength.

6. The threaded union as claimed in claim 5 wherein the nut has an upper annular shoulder that extends radially inwardly from a top of the main body of the nut, the upper annular shoulder abuts a flange that extends radially outwardly from an adapter collar that is a generally annular multi-piece body having an inner diameter dimensioned to slide over an outer surface of the second subcomponent until a bottom surface of the adapter collar abuts an annular shoulder of the second subcomponent, and when torque is applied to the nut the upper annular shoulder is forced downwardly on the flange, which in turn exerts a downward force on the upper annular shoulder, thereby forcing the mating end of the second subcomponent against the mating end of the first subcomponent to elastically deform the metal ring gasket into the respective annular grooves.

7. A metal ring gasket for providing a fluid-tight metal-to-metal seal in an annular cavity formed by annular grooves in respective mating ends of first and second subcomponents of a threaded union, the metal ring gasket comprising:

a generally annular body having beveled outer corners for receiving compressive loads exerted on the metal ring gasket by complementary surfaces in the respective annular grooves when the first and second subcomponents are securely interconnected by a nut;

an inner diameter and an outer diameter that are respectively larger than an inner diameter and an outer diameter of the respective annular grooves;
and a yield strength and ductility to elastically deform in the annular grooves to provide the fluid-tight seal between the first and second subcomponents when the metal ring gasket is placed in the annular groove in the first subcomponent and the first and second subcomponents are securely interconnected by the nut.

8. The metal ring gasket as claimed in claim 7 wherein the beveled outer corners are oriented at an angle of about 23° with respect to a plane of end faces of the first and second subcomponents.

9. The metal ring gasket as claimed in claims 7 or 8 wherein the metal ring gasket is octagonal in cross-section.

10. The metal ring gasket as claimed in claims 7 or 8 wherein the metal ring gasket is hexagonal in cross-section and an inner side of the metal ring gasket is flat.

11. The metal ring gasket as claimed in any one of claims 7-10 wherein the metal ring gasket is made of a metal having a ductility which exhibits at least 40%
reduction in cross-sectional area at a fracture load.

12. The metal ring gasket as claimed in claim 11 wherein the metal comprises a ductile carbon steel for non-corrosive service.

13. The metal ring gasket as claimed in claim 11 wherein the metal comprises a ductile stainless steel for corrosive service.

14. A threaded union for providing a fluid-tight, metal-to-metal seal in a fluid conduit, the threaded union comprising, in combination:

first and second subcomponents that are interconnected by a nut, the first and second subcomponents comprising respective mating ends, each of the respective mating ends including an annular groove having a beveled surface in an outer diameter thereof, said respective annular grooves forming an annular cavity when said respective mating ends abut, the annular cavity having an inner face, an outer face, a top surface and a bottom surface; and a metal ring gasket received in the annular cavity, the metal ring gasket comprising a generally annular body having beveled outer corners that mate with said respective beveled surfaces of said respective annular grooves when said mating ends abut, and further having an outer diameter that is larger than a diameter of said respective annular grooves at said beveled surfaces;

wherein the metal ring gasket is elastically deformed in the annular cavity to provide the fluid-tight seal between the first and second subcomponents and gaps remain between said inner face, said top surface and said bottom surface of the annular cavity and corresponding surfaces of the metal ring gasket when the first and second subcomponents are securely interconnected by the nut.

15. The threaded union as claimed in claim 14 wherein the outer diameter of the metal ring gasket is about 0.003" larger than the outer diameter of said respective annular grooves at said respective beveled surfaces.

16. The threaded union as claimed in claims 14 or 15 wherein before the metal ring gasket is elastically deformed, an inner diameter of the metal ring gasket is about 0.014" larger than an inner diameter of the annular cavity.

17. The threaded union as claimed in any one of claims 14-16 wherein the annular cavity is hexagonal in cross section.

18. The threaded union as claimed in any one of claims 14-16 wherein the metal ring gasket is octagonal in cross-section.

19. The threaded union as claimed in claim 18 wherein the beveled outer corners of the metal ring gasket are beveled at an angle of about 23° with respect to a respective bottom surface and a top surface of the metal ring gasket.

20. The threaded union as claimed in any one of claims 14-19 wherein the mating end of the first subcomponent comprises a pin end received in a socket of the mating end of the second subcomponent, the annular groove in the first mating end is located on the pin end and the annular groove in the second mating end is located in a bottom of the socket.

21. A threaded union that provides a metal-to-metal seal in a fluid conduit, comprising:

a mating end of a first subcomponent of the fluid conduit having an annular groove that mates with a complementary annular groove in the mating end of a second subcomponent of the fluid conduit, said complementary annular grooves forming an annular cavity having an inner face, an outer face, a top surface and a bottom surface when the respective mating ends abut;

a metal ring gasket received in the annular cavity, the metal ring gasket being elastically deformed in the annular cavity by contact with only the outer face of the annular cavity to provide the fluid-tight seal between the first and second subcomponents when the first and second subcomponents are securely interconnected by a nut.

22. The threaded union as claimed in claim 21 wherein an outer diameter of the metal ring gasket comprises beveled surfaces angled to mate with complementary surfaces on an outer face of the respective annular grooves.

23. The threaded union as claimed in claims 22 wherein the outer diameter of the metal ring gasket is about 0.003" larger than an outer diameter of the respective annular grooves at the respective complementary surfaces.

24. The threaded union as claimed in any one of claims 21-23 wherein after the first and second subcomponents are securely interconnected by the nut, a gap between an inner side of the metal ring gasket and respective inner faces of the respective annular grooves is at least 0.003".

25. The threaded union as claimed in any one of claims 21-24 wherein the nut that is constructed in three parts so that a main body of the nut is a single piece construction for greater strength.

26. The threaded union as claimed in claim 25 wherein the nut comprises:

an annular shoulder that extends radially inwardly from a top of the main body of the nut;

an adapter collar that is a generally annular multi-piece body having a top surface engaged by the annular shoulder of the nut, an inner diameter dimensioned to slide over an outer surface of the second subcomponent, and a bottom surface that rests against an annular shoulder of the second subcomponent;

whereby, when the nut threadedly engages the first subcomponent and torque is applied to the nut the torque is translated into a downward force on the annular shoulder of the second subcomponent, thereby urging the mating end of the second subcomponent against the mating end of the first subcomponent to elastically deform the metal ring gasket into the respective annular grooves.

27. A metal-to-metal seal at a joint in a fluid conduit assembled using subcomponents having mating ends that are interconnected by a nut, the metal-to-metal seal comprising a metal ring gasket received in the annular cavity having an inner face, an outer face, a top surface and a bottom surface when the respective mating ends abut, the metal ring gasket elastically deforming in the annular cavity by contact with only the outer face of the annular cavity to provide the metal-to-metal seal.

28. The metal-to-metal seal as claimed in claim 27 wherein the beveled outer corners are oriented at an angle of about 23° with respect to a plane of end faces of the first and second subcomponents.

29. The metal-to-metal seal as claimed in claims 27 or 28 wherein the metal ring gasket is octagonal in cross-section.

30. The metal-to-metal seal as claimed in claims 27 or 28 wherein the metal ring gasket is hexagonal in cross-section and an inner side of the metal ring gasket is flat.

31. The metal-to-metal seal as claimed in any one of claims 27-30 wherein the metal ring gasket is made of a metal having a ductility which exhibits at least 40% reduction in cross-sectional area at a fracture load.

32. The metal-to-metal seal as claimed in claim 31 wherein the metal comprises a ductile carbon steel for non-corrosive service.

33. The metal-to-metal seal as claimed in claim 11 wherein the metal comprises a ductile stainless steel for corrosive service.

34. A metal ring gasket for providing a fluid-tight metal-to-metal seal in an annular cavity formed by annular grooves in respective mating ends of first and second subcomponents of a threaded union, the metal ring gasket comprising:

an annular body having beveled outer corners that receive compressive loads applied by complementary surfaces in the respective annular grooves when the first and second subcomponents are interconnected;

an inner diameter and an outer diameter that are respectively larger than an inner diameter and an outer diameter of the annular cavity; and a yield strength and ductility to elastically deform in the annular grooves.

35. The metal ring gasket as claimed in claim 34 wherein the beveled outer corners are oriented at an angle of about 23 with respect to a plane of end faces of the first and second subcomponents.

36. The metal ring gasket as claimed in claims 34 or 35 wherein the metal ring gasket is octagonal in cross-section.

37. The metal ring gasket as claimed in claims 34 or 35 wherein the metal ring gasket is hexagonal in cross-section and an inner side of the metal ring gasket is flat.

38. The metal ring gasket as claimed in any one of claims 34-37 wherein the metal ring gasket is made of a metal having a ductility that exhibits at least 40%
reduction in cross-sectional area at a fracture load.

39. The metal ring gasket as claimed in claim 38 wherein the metal comprises a ductile carbon steel for non-corrosive service.

40. The metal ring gasket as claimed in claim 38 wherein the metal comprises a ductile stainless steel for corrosive service.