CA2503420C - Noise and vibration mitigating mat - Google Patents
Noise and vibration mitigating mat Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2503420C CA2503420C CA2503420A CA2503420A CA2503420C CA 2503420 C CA2503420 C CA 2503420C CA 2503420 A CA2503420 A CA 2503420A CA 2503420 A CA2503420 A CA 2503420A CA 2503420 C CA2503420 C CA 2503420C
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- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013521 mastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011394 gypsum concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F15/00—Flooring
- E04F15/18—Separately-laid insulating layers; Other additional insulating measures; Floating floors
- E04F15/20—Separately-laid insulating layers; Other additional insulating measures; Floating floors for sound insulation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B11/00—Layered products comprising a layer of bituminous or tarry substances
- B32B11/04—Layered products comprising a layer of bituminous or tarry substances comprising such bituminous or tarry substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B11/044—Layered products comprising a layer of bituminous or tarry substances comprising such bituminous or tarry substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of natural rubber or synthetic rubber
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
- B32B25/02—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber with fibres or particles being present as additives in the layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
- B32B25/04—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B25/08—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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- B32B25/10—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
- B32B25/12—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising natural rubber
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
- B32B25/16—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising polydienes homopolymers or poly-halodienes homopolymers
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
- B32B3/263—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer having non-uniform thickness
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
- B32B3/30—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer formed with recesses or projections, e.g. hollows, grooves, protuberances, ribs
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B19/00—Protection of permanent way against development of dust or against the effect of wind, sun, frost, or corrosion; Means to reduce development of noise
- E01B19/003—Means for reducing the development or propagation of noise
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F15/00—Flooring
- E04F15/18—Separately-laid insulating layers; Other additional insulating measures; Floating floors
- E04F15/182—Underlayers coated with adhesive or mortar to receive the flooring
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F15/00—Flooring
- E04F15/18—Separately-laid insulating layers; Other additional insulating measures; Floating floors
- E04F15/20—Separately-laid insulating layers; Other additional insulating measures; Floating floors for sound insulation
- E04F15/206—Layered panels for sound insulation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
- F16F1/373—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers characterised by having a particular shape
- F16F1/3737—Planar, e.g. in sheet form
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
- B32B2264/02—Synthetic macromolecular particles
- B32B2264/0214—Particles made of materials belonging to B32B27/00
- B32B2264/0292—Polyurethane particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2270/00—Resin or rubber layer containing a blend of at least two different polymers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2272/00—Resin or rubber layer comprising scrap, waste or recycling material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/10—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular acoustical properties
- B32B2307/102—Insulating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/558—Impact strength, toughness
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/56—Damping, energy absorption
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/72—Density
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- B32B2605/10—Trains
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Railway Tracks (AREA)
- Floor Finish (AREA)
Abstract
A noise and vibration mitigating mat having top and bottom surfaces comprises a first layer formed of recycled bound rubber product, the first layer having a contoured bottom surface and a generally flat top surface, a second layer on the top surface of the first layer, the second layer being formed of a fabric and a third layer on the second layer and being formed of recycled rubber product.
Description
NOISE AND VIBRATION MITIGATING MAT
Field of the Invention The present invention relates generally to sound absorption, and more particularly to a noise and vibration mitigating mat for mitigating impact generated and structure borne noise.
Background of the Invention In many situations, noise is generated on horizontal surfaces such as floors or road surfaces due to various impacts. This noise often propagates into surrounding structures creating undesirable noise and vibration pollution. For example, a truck passing over a road generates impact noise. Such impact noise typically travels through the road and then to adjacent structures. Likewise, machinery, which vibrates during use, often results in impact and/or vibrational noise passing through the floor and into adjacent structures. Similarly, locomotives and railcars passing over tracks generate impact and vibrational noise, which passes into the ground and potentially into adjacent structures such as homes, roads or bridges.
Mitigating impact and vibrational noise generated by locomotives and railcars is especially problematic due to the relatively large axle loads of locomotives and railcars on the tracks.
As mentioned above, impact noise and vibrations generated under the above and similar conditions is undesirable due to the noise and vibration pollution created in adjacent and surrounding structures. As will be appreciated, it is desirable to mitigate the affects of impact and vibrations on surrounding structures.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a novel noise and vibration mitigating mat.
Summary of the Invention Accordingly, in one aspect there is provided a floor structure for a building structure comprising:
a noise and vibration mitigating mat comprising:
a first compressible, sound absorbing elastomer layer defining a contoured bottom surface of said mat shaped to provide the mat with a desired dynamic compression characteristic under load; and a second layer disposed directly on said first layer and defining a generally flat top surface, wherein said first elastomer layer is non-vulcanized; and
Field of the Invention The present invention relates generally to sound absorption, and more particularly to a noise and vibration mitigating mat for mitigating impact generated and structure borne noise.
Background of the Invention In many situations, noise is generated on horizontal surfaces such as floors or road surfaces due to various impacts. This noise often propagates into surrounding structures creating undesirable noise and vibration pollution. For example, a truck passing over a road generates impact noise. Such impact noise typically travels through the road and then to adjacent structures. Likewise, machinery, which vibrates during use, often results in impact and/or vibrational noise passing through the floor and into adjacent structures. Similarly, locomotives and railcars passing over tracks generate impact and vibrational noise, which passes into the ground and potentially into adjacent structures such as homes, roads or bridges.
Mitigating impact and vibrational noise generated by locomotives and railcars is especially problematic due to the relatively large axle loads of locomotives and railcars on the tracks.
As mentioned above, impact noise and vibrations generated under the above and similar conditions is undesirable due to the noise and vibration pollution created in adjacent and surrounding structures. As will be appreciated, it is desirable to mitigate the affects of impact and vibrations on surrounding structures.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a novel noise and vibration mitigating mat.
Summary of the Invention Accordingly, in one aspect there is provided a floor structure for a building structure comprising:
a noise and vibration mitigating mat comprising:
a first compressible, sound absorbing elastomer layer defining a contoured bottom surface of said mat shaped to provide the mat with a desired dynamic compression characteristic under load; and a second layer disposed directly on said first layer and defining a generally flat top surface, wherein said first elastomer layer is non-vulcanized; and
-2-a concrete floor layer on said mat having an upper surface defining a floor surface, said mat inhibiting impact and/or vibration energy applied to said mat through said floor layer from propagating to surrounding structure.
In one embodiment, the contoured bottom surface of the mat has variations in thickness and comprises an array of peaks and valleys. The dimensions of the peaks and valleys and the relative densities of the first and third layers are selected to give the mat a desired dynamic compression characteristic under load.
The mat can be manufactured in a continuous sheet with the first and third layers being cut from large cylindrical members formed of Styrenebutadiene Rubber (SBR) and natural rubber mixed with polyurethane. The first layer is processed by a profiling machine which cuts the contour into the bottom surface.
The noise and vibration mitigating map effectively absorbs noise and vibration inhibiting noise and vibration from propagating to surrounding structure.
When used in certain environments, the contoured bottom surface also provides for effective drainage.
Brief Description of the Drawings Embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 A is a partial side view of a noise and vibration mitigating mat;
Figure 113 is a cross-sectional view of the noise and vibration mitigating mat of Figure 1;
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the noise and vibration mitigating mat of Figure 1 installed in a railway bed application;
Figure 3A is a partial side view of another embodiment of a noise and vibration mitigating mat; and Figure 3B is a partial side view of yet another embodiment of a noise and vibration mitigation mat.
In one embodiment, the contoured bottom surface of the mat has variations in thickness and comprises an array of peaks and valleys. The dimensions of the peaks and valleys and the relative densities of the first and third layers are selected to give the mat a desired dynamic compression characteristic under load.
The mat can be manufactured in a continuous sheet with the first and third layers being cut from large cylindrical members formed of Styrenebutadiene Rubber (SBR) and natural rubber mixed with polyurethane. The first layer is processed by a profiling machine which cuts the contour into the bottom surface.
The noise and vibration mitigating map effectively absorbs noise and vibration inhibiting noise and vibration from propagating to surrounding structure.
When used in certain environments, the contoured bottom surface also provides for effective drainage.
Brief Description of the Drawings Embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 A is a partial side view of a noise and vibration mitigating mat;
Figure 113 is a cross-sectional view of the noise and vibration mitigating mat of Figure 1;
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the noise and vibration mitigating mat of Figure 1 installed in a railway bed application;
Figure 3A is a partial side view of another embodiment of a noise and vibration mitigating mat; and Figure 3B is a partial side view of yet another embodiment of a noise and vibration mitigation mat.
-3-Detailed Description of the Embodiments Turning now to Figures 1A and 1B, a noise and vibration mitigating mat is shown and is generally identified by reference numeral 10. As can be seen, mat 10 has a bottom surface 12, a top surface 14 and sides 22 extending between the surface 12 and 14. The mat 10 can be produced in a continuous roll such that the surfaces 12 and 14 extend for a distance between the sides 22. The top surface 14 and the oppositely facing bottom surface 12 are generally parallel to each other and are spaced apart by an overall thickness. The bottom surface 12 is contoured such that the thickness varies between a minimum thickness t, measured at the minimum dimension of the contour and a maximum thickness t measured at the maximum dimension of the contour. As the mat 10 is manufactured in continuous sheets, the length of the mat 10 is governed by the particular installation. This provides flexibility during installation, and other advantages which will be more fully described below.
In this embodiment, the mat 10 comprises three layers 16, 18 and 20.
The first or bottom layer 16 is formed of recycled bound rubber product and defines the contoured bottom surface 12. Layer 16 also has a flat top surface 13. The second or intermediate layer 18 is a relatively thin, flat layer formed of fabric or a reinforcing agent such as EE200-80 polyester polynylon blend, which is commercially available from several sources such as Allied Signal. Layer 18 is disposed on the top surface 13 of the layer 16. The third or top layer 20 is disposed on the intermediate layer 18 and is also formed of recycled rubber product. The layer 20 defines the flat top surface 14.
As mentioned above, the first and third layers 16 and 20 are manufactured from recycled rubber product. During the manufacturing process, Styrenebutadiene Rubber (SBR) and natural rubber are mixed with polyurethane and cured under moderate temperature to form large cylindrical rubber members.
Although each layer 16 and 20 has a large percentage of SBR rubber therein, the mat 10 can be made of SBR rubber, other rubbers or a combination thereof. In order to provide a continuous sheet of material for each layer 16, 20, the layers are cut from the large cylindrical rubber members. As each cylindrical rubber member is rotated, blades engage an outside layer of the cylindrical rubber member and cause the outside layer to be cut away from the cylindrical rubber member thereby forming the respective continuous sheet. This process of manufacturing each layer 16 and 20 in
In this embodiment, the mat 10 comprises three layers 16, 18 and 20.
The first or bottom layer 16 is formed of recycled bound rubber product and defines the contoured bottom surface 12. Layer 16 also has a flat top surface 13. The second or intermediate layer 18 is a relatively thin, flat layer formed of fabric or a reinforcing agent such as EE200-80 polyester polynylon blend, which is commercially available from several sources such as Allied Signal. Layer 18 is disposed on the top surface 13 of the layer 16. The third or top layer 20 is disposed on the intermediate layer 18 and is also formed of recycled rubber product. The layer 20 defines the flat top surface 14.
As mentioned above, the first and third layers 16 and 20 are manufactured from recycled rubber product. During the manufacturing process, Styrenebutadiene Rubber (SBR) and natural rubber are mixed with polyurethane and cured under moderate temperature to form large cylindrical rubber members.
Although each layer 16 and 20 has a large percentage of SBR rubber therein, the mat 10 can be made of SBR rubber, other rubbers or a combination thereof. In order to provide a continuous sheet of material for each layer 16, 20, the layers are cut from the large cylindrical rubber members. As each cylindrical rubber member is rotated, blades engage an outside layer of the cylindrical rubber member and cause the outside layer to be cut away from the cylindrical rubber member thereby forming the respective continuous sheet. This process of manufacturing each layer 16 and 20 in
-4-the form of a continuous sheet is significantly different than known vulcanizing methods generally used to manufacture materials of this type. In manufacturing the mat 10, the first and third layers 16 and 20 are each manufactured having a desired number of voids which are randomly positioned within each layer. The material for the first layer 16 has a relatively low density as compared to the material for the third layer 20 and therefore has more voids. The third layer 20 is relatively more dense than the first layer 16 and contains fewer voids. The density of each layer is selected to result in a desired ratio of dynamic stiffness to static stiffness in the mat 10. This ratio is selected to result in a desired dynamic compression or deflection of the mat 10 under load. The contour of the bottom surface 12 also contributes to the dynamic compression characteristics of the mat 10 as will be further described below.
After the first layer 16 is cut from the large cylindrical rubber member, it is placed in a profiling machine that physically cuts or otherwise applies the required depth and pattern of the profile into the layer 16 thereby to form the contoured bottom surface 12. One such profile is shown in the cross-sectional view of Figure 2. It should be understood that the resultant contoured bottom surface 12 may take many forms including ones that are relatively flat and ones that have large variation in thickness between ti and t. The mat 10 shown in Figures 1 A and 1 B has a contoured bottom surface 12 in the form of an egg crate wherein peaks and valleys are sequentially alternated in a three-dimensional array. The depth and pitch of the peaks and valleys can be varied to give the mat 10 the desired dynamic compression characteristic. For example, sharp and long peaks and valleys offer greater dynamic compression or deflection under relatively small loads while wide and short peaks and valleys result in less dynamic compression or deflection under relatively larger loads.
The geometry of the profiled bottom surface 12 is therefore selected to result in a desired amount of compressive deflection under a given dynamic load. This dynamic compressive deflection serves to mitigate transfer of structure borne or impact noise.
The three layers 16, 18 and 20 are assembled either through a lamination machine or through a machine that mechanically or chemically bonds the layers together. The third layer 20 inhibits penetration of material through the mat 10 and the second layer 18 ensures uniform load distribution. The profiled bottom surface 12 provides generous drainage in addition to providing the mat 10 with the desired dynamic compression characteristic.
After the first layer 16 is cut from the large cylindrical rubber member, it is placed in a profiling machine that physically cuts or otherwise applies the required depth and pattern of the profile into the layer 16 thereby to form the contoured bottom surface 12. One such profile is shown in the cross-sectional view of Figure 2. It should be understood that the resultant contoured bottom surface 12 may take many forms including ones that are relatively flat and ones that have large variation in thickness between ti and t. The mat 10 shown in Figures 1 A and 1 B has a contoured bottom surface 12 in the form of an egg crate wherein peaks and valleys are sequentially alternated in a three-dimensional array. The depth and pitch of the peaks and valleys can be varied to give the mat 10 the desired dynamic compression characteristic. For example, sharp and long peaks and valleys offer greater dynamic compression or deflection under relatively small loads while wide and short peaks and valleys result in less dynamic compression or deflection under relatively larger loads.
The geometry of the profiled bottom surface 12 is therefore selected to result in a desired amount of compressive deflection under a given dynamic load. This dynamic compressive deflection serves to mitigate transfer of structure borne or impact noise.
The three layers 16, 18 and 20 are assembled either through a lamination machine or through a machine that mechanically or chemically bonds the layers together. The third layer 20 inhibits penetration of material through the mat 10 and the second layer 18 ensures uniform load distribution. The profiled bottom surface 12 provides generous drainage in addition to providing the mat 10 with the desired dynamic compression characteristic.
-5-An installation of the mat 10 placed in a railway bed is shown in Figure 2. The railway bed comprises a packed earth, asphalt or concrete base which is topped with the noise and vibration mitigating mat 10, ballast 40, railway ties 50, and rails 60. During the installation of the railway bed, a continuous roll of the mat 10 is unrolled in a continuous manner over the base 30. This may be accomplished through the use of spooling machinery. Since the rubber material of the mat 10 is not vulcanized, the rubber material has the flexibility required to allow it to be delivered in rolls. With the mat 10 properly positioned on the base 30, the ballast 40, railway ties 50 and rails 60 are then applied in a conventional manner.
The mat 10 in the railway bed installation serves to mitigate the transfer of structure borne or impact noise and vibration from the rails 60 into the base 30. As a freight railcar will generally weigh in the vicinity of forty (40) tons, the mat 10 in this environment is made stiff and thus, the profiled bottom surface 12 has relatively wide and short peaks and valleys. As will be appreciated, in other environments, the stiffness of the mat 10 and hence, the densities of the layers 16 and and the profile of the bottom surface 12 will change.
The use of the mat 10 in the railway bed application provides advantages. The impact and sound absorption properties of the mat 10 inhibit fouling of the ballast 40 due to impact and vibration. Ballast fouling contributes to poor 20 drainage and flooding of the railway bed. The contoured bottom surface 12 provides not only good noise and vibration absorption but also allows for effective drainage.
Although the mat 10 is described as including three layers 16, 18 and 20, other layer configurations can be used. For example, the mat 110 can be constructed to include only two layers as shown in Figures 3A and 3B. In Figure 3A, the bottom layer 116 is similar to that of the above-described embodiment and has a profiled bottom surface 112 and a generally flat upper surface 113. A thin upper layer 120 formed of geotextile, fabric, polyethylene or polypropylene plastic or asphalt mastic material is disposed on the bottom layer 116 and defines the top flat surface 114 of the mat 110. The geotextile material is a non-woven fabric formed of nylon or polyester available from Allied Signal. The polyethylene plastic is available from Noble and the polypropylene plastic is available from Dow. The asphalt mastic material is available from Protecto-Wrap. In Figure 3B, the upper layer 220 defining the top flat surface 214 of the mat 110 is thicker and is formed of rebound rubber product or other similar material. Of course, the mat 10 may include more than three
The mat 10 in the railway bed installation serves to mitigate the transfer of structure borne or impact noise and vibration from the rails 60 into the base 30. As a freight railcar will generally weigh in the vicinity of forty (40) tons, the mat 10 in this environment is made stiff and thus, the profiled bottom surface 12 has relatively wide and short peaks and valleys. As will be appreciated, in other environments, the stiffness of the mat 10 and hence, the densities of the layers 16 and and the profile of the bottom surface 12 will change.
The use of the mat 10 in the railway bed application provides advantages. The impact and sound absorption properties of the mat 10 inhibit fouling of the ballast 40 due to impact and vibration. Ballast fouling contributes to poor 20 drainage and flooding of the railway bed. The contoured bottom surface 12 provides not only good noise and vibration absorption but also allows for effective drainage.
Although the mat 10 is described as including three layers 16, 18 and 20, other layer configurations can be used. For example, the mat 110 can be constructed to include only two layers as shown in Figures 3A and 3B. In Figure 3A, the bottom layer 116 is similar to that of the above-described embodiment and has a profiled bottom surface 112 and a generally flat upper surface 113. A thin upper layer 120 formed of geotextile, fabric, polyethylene or polypropylene plastic or asphalt mastic material is disposed on the bottom layer 116 and defines the top flat surface 114 of the mat 110. The geotextile material is a non-woven fabric formed of nylon or polyester available from Allied Signal. The polyethylene plastic is available from Noble and the polypropylene plastic is available from Dow. The asphalt mastic material is available from Protecto-Wrap. In Figure 3B, the upper layer 220 defining the top flat surface 214 of the mat 110 is thicker and is formed of rebound rubber product or other similar material. Of course, the mat 10 may include more than three
-6-layers with the bottom, intermediate and top layers being formed of the above-identified materials or other similar materials.
Although the mat 10 is shown in a railway bed application in Figure 2, those of skill in the art will appreciate that the mat may be used in a variety of applications. For example, the mat may be used in commercial and industrial applications as well as in residential applications. In commercial and industrial environments, the mat 10 may be placed beneath machines and equipment such as HVAC equipment that vibrate during use thereby to inhibit the transfer of machine and equipment vibration to surrounding structures. In residential environments, the mat may be used in floor surfaces of multi-family residences to inhibit the transfer of impact noise to surrounding structure. In the above-environments, gypsum concrete, portland cement concrete, self-leveling concrete and/or other hard rock materials may overlie the mat.
Embodiments of the noise and vibration mitigating mat have been described above with reference to the drawings. Those of skill in the art will however appreciate that variations and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof as defined by the appended claims.
Although the mat 10 is shown in a railway bed application in Figure 2, those of skill in the art will appreciate that the mat may be used in a variety of applications. For example, the mat may be used in commercial and industrial applications as well as in residential applications. In commercial and industrial environments, the mat 10 may be placed beneath machines and equipment such as HVAC equipment that vibrate during use thereby to inhibit the transfer of machine and equipment vibration to surrounding structures. In residential environments, the mat may be used in floor surfaces of multi-family residences to inhibit the transfer of impact noise to surrounding structure. In the above-environments, gypsum concrete, portland cement concrete, self-leveling concrete and/or other hard rock materials may overlie the mat.
Embodiments of the noise and vibration mitigating mat have been described above with reference to the drawings. Those of skill in the art will however appreciate that variations and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (13)
1. A floor structure for a building structure comprising:
a noise and vibration mitigating mat comprising:
a first compressible, sound absorbing elastomer layer defining a contoured bottom surface of said mat shaped to provide the mat with a desired dynamic compression characteristic under load; and a second layer disposed directly on said first layer and defining a generally flat top surface, wherein said first elastomer layer is non-vulcanized; and a concrete floor layer on said mat having an upper surface defining a floor surface, said mat inhibiting impact and/or vibration energy applied to said mat through said floor layer from propagating to surrounding structure.
a noise and vibration mitigating mat comprising:
a first compressible, sound absorbing elastomer layer defining a contoured bottom surface of said mat shaped to provide the mat with a desired dynamic compression characteristic under load; and a second layer disposed directly on said first layer and defining a generally flat top surface, wherein said first elastomer layer is non-vulcanized; and a concrete floor layer on said mat having an upper surface defining a floor surface, said mat inhibiting impact and/or vibration energy applied to said mat through said floor layer from propagating to surrounding structure.
2. A floor structure according to claim 1 wherein the contoured bottom surface of said mat has variations in thickness.
3. A floor structure according to claim 2 wherein said bottom surface is contoured to define an arrangement of peaks and valleys.
4. A floor structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein said second layer is more dense than said first layer.
5. A floor structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein at least one of said first and second layers is formed of recycled rubber product.
6. A floor structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein both said first and second layers are formed of recycled rubber product.
7. A floor structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the first and second layers of said mat are each formed of Styrenebutadiene Rubber (SBR) and natural rubber mixed with a polyurethane to form a plurality of voids therein.
8. A floor structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said second layer is selected from the group consisting of geotextile, fabric, polyethylene plastic, polypropylene plastic and asphalt material.
9. A floor structure according to claim 8 wherein said geotextile material is a non-woven fabric.
10. A floor structure according to claim 9 wherein said non-woven fabric is formed of nylon or polyester.
11. A floor structure according to any one of claims 1 to 10 further comprising a third compressible, non-vulcanized, sound absorbing elastomer layer on said second layer.
12. A floor structure according to claim 11 wherein said third layer is formed of recycled rubber product.
13. A floor structure according to claim 12 wherein the third layer is formed of Styrenebutadiene Rubber (SBR) and natural rubber mixed with a polyurethane to form a plurality of voids therein.
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CA2503420A CA2503420C (en) | 2005-04-01 | 2005-04-01 | Noise and vibration mitigating mat |
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CA2503420A CA2503420C (en) | 2005-04-01 | 2005-04-01 | Noise and vibration mitigating mat |
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