CA2461430A1 - Foam and grit dispenser - Google Patents
Foam and grit dispenser Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2461430A1 CA2461430A1 CA002461430A CA2461430A CA2461430A1 CA 2461430 A1 CA2461430 A1 CA 2461430A1 CA 002461430 A CA002461430 A CA 002461430A CA 2461430 A CA2461430 A CA 2461430A CA 2461430 A1 CA2461430 A1 CA 2461430A1
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- air
- chamber
- outlet
- foam
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/0018—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with devices for making foam
- B05B7/0025—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with devices for making foam with a compressed gas supply
- B05B7/0031—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with devices for making foam with a compressed gas supply with disturbing means promoting mixing, e.g. balls, crowns
- B05B7/0037—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with devices for making foam with a compressed gas supply with disturbing means promoting mixing, e.g. balls, crowns including sieves, porous members or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
- B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
- B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
- B05B11/1081—Arrangements for pumping several liquids or other fluent materials from several containers, e.g. for mixing them at the moment of pumping
- B05B11/1084—Arrangements for pumping several liquids or other fluent materials from several containers, e.g. for mixing them at the moment of pumping each liquid or other fluent material being pumped by a separate pump
- B05B11/1085—Arrangements for pumping several liquids or other fluent materials from several containers, e.g. for mixing them at the moment of pumping each liquid or other fluent material being pumped by a separate pump the pumps being coaxial
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
- B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
- B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
- B05B11/1087—Combination of liquid and air pumps
Abstract
A method and apparatus for extruding the first fluid capable of foaming through a porous member to produce a first foamed extrudate while simultaneously extruding a second fluid preferably containing particulate matter to produce a second extrudate adjacent the first extrudate.
Description
Title F~AM AND GRIT DISPENSER
Scope of the Invention [0001] This invention relates to dispensers for producing and dispensing a product stream including foam and either particulate matter or a high viscosity fluid.
Background of the Invention (0002] Known dispensers which produce foam pass a mixture of air and liquid through a foam-inducing device which typically is a porous member having small apertures. Passing the air and liquid mixture through the apertures or pores aids foam production by subjecting the mixture to turbulent flow conditions. The foam inducing porous member may be for example, plastic or ceramic porous materials or a mesh or screen fabricated of criss-crossing metal or plastic wires, or a cloth material.
Scope of the Invention [0001] This invention relates to dispensers for producing and dispensing a product stream including foam and either particulate matter or a high viscosity fluid.
Background of the Invention (0002] Known dispensers which produce foam pass a mixture of air and liquid through a foam-inducing device which typically is a porous member having small apertures. Passing the air and liquid mixture through the apertures or pores aids foam production by subjecting the mixture to turbulent flow conditions. The foam inducing porous member may be for example, plastic or ceramic porous materials or a mesh or screen fabricated of criss-crossing metal or plastic wires, or a cloth material.
[0003) Many fluids to be dispensed include particulate matter, which, if passed through known foam inducing devices will clog the apertures or pores of these devices rendering the devices inoperative. Similarly high viscosity fluids are not suitable for flowing through the small apertures or pores of foam inducing devices as the pressure required for adequate flow is not within under normal operating conditions.
[00041 Known dispensers do not permit dispensing of fluids incorporating particulate matter or high viscosity fluids in a manner to provide a foamed product.
[0005] Known devices for producing foam include the present applicant's US
Patent No. 6,409,050 to Ophardt et al. issued June 25, 2002, US Patent No. 5,445,288 to Banks issued August 29, 1995 and US Patent No. 6,082,586 to Banks issued July 4, 2000, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
[0006) It is known to provide particulate solid material into fluids such as cleaning fluids and hand cleaners. Such fluids include fluids such as grit-laden or granular hand soap or lotions. Insofar as the particulate material may be large or heavier particles then the fluids may include a gelling agent towards preventing settling out of the heavy materials. The gelling agent typically increases viscosity of the fluid.
[0007] The particulate solid materials may include grit and pumice. Grit is any granular material, preferably sharp, in relatively fine size as may be used as an abrasive.
Pumice is a volcanic glass which is full of cavities and very light weight and may be provided as different sized particles to be used as an abrasive and absorption in cleaners.
[0008) Other particulate solid matter includes plastic synthetic resins scrubber particles such as disclosed in US Patent No. 3,645,904, cellulose abrasives such as wood flour, ground sponge, ground cork and sawdust as disclosed in US Patent No.
[00041 Known dispensers do not permit dispensing of fluids incorporating particulate matter or high viscosity fluids in a manner to provide a foamed product.
[0005] Known devices for producing foam include the present applicant's US
Patent No. 6,409,050 to Ophardt et al. issued June 25, 2002, US Patent No. 5,445,288 to Banks issued August 29, 1995 and US Patent No. 6,082,586 to Banks issued July 4, 2000, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
[0006) It is known to provide particulate solid material into fluids such as cleaning fluids and hand cleaners. Such fluids include fluids such as grit-laden or granular hand soap or lotions. Insofar as the particulate material may be large or heavier particles then the fluids may include a gelling agent towards preventing settling out of the heavy materials. The gelling agent typically increases viscosity of the fluid.
[0007] The particulate solid materials may include grit and pumice. Grit is any granular material, preferably sharp, in relatively fine size as may be used as an abrasive.
Pumice is a volcanic glass which is full of cavities and very light weight and may be provided as different sized particles to be used as an abrasive and absorption in cleaners.
[0008) Other particulate solid matter includes plastic synthetic resins scrubber particles such as disclosed in US Patent No. 3,645,904, cellulose abrasives such as wood flour, ground sponge, ground cork and sawdust as disclosed in US Patent No.
4,50,634, and finely divided silica such as blown fines of silica as disclosed in US
Patent No.
4,673,526.
Summary of the Invention [0009] To at least partially overcome these disadvantages of previously known devices the present invention provides a method and apparatus for extruding a first fluid capable of foaming through a porous member to produce a first foamed extrudate while simultaneously extruding a second fluid preferably containing particulate matter to produce a second extrudate adjacent the first extrudate.
[0010] The present invention provides a method of dispensing foam which involves providing a first reservoir with a first fluid capable of foaming and a second reservoir of a second fluid. The method involves passing the first fluid together with air through a.
porous member to produce and extrude to an outlet an intermediate product including foam. The method also involves simultaneously extruding the second fluid to the outlet without passing the second fluid through the porous member thereby producing a co-extruded final product comprising the intermediate product including foam and the second fluid. Preferably the second fluid is selected from a fluid comprising particulate solid matter which is incapable of passing through the porous member or a fluid having sufficiently high viscosity that it will not pass through the porous member.
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[0011] Preferably, the intermediate product including foam and the second fluid are co-extruded into an outlet passage in which they are brought into contact with each. other preferably to coalesce in the outlet passage. Additionally, after co-extrusion of the intermediate product including foam and the second fluid, the intermediate product including foam and the second fluid may be subjected to some intermixing in the outlet passage.
[0012] The intermediate product including foam and the second fluid are preferably extruded as extruded streams in a parallel direction with one of the streams being annular about the other stream. Preferably the intermediate product including the foam is extruded annularly about the other stream comprising the second fluid.
(0013] Preferably the extrusion of both the first fluid and air through the porous member and the extrusion of the second fluid are carried out by the movement of a single piston member within a piston chamber forming element. The single piston member and the piston chamber forming element preferably define there between an air chamber having an air inlet and an air outlet, a first fluid chamber having axe inlet in communication with a first reservoir and an outlet, and a second fluid chamber having an inlet in communication with the second reservoir. When the piston member is reciprocally moved and the piston chamber member air is drawn into and forced out of the air chamber, the first fluid is drawn into and forced out of the first fluid chamber and the second fluid is drawn into and forced out of the second fluid chamber. The air and second fluid are mixed and passed through a foam-inducing device to provide an intermediate foamed product. The second fluid is delivered with the intermediate foamed product to a user.
[0014] A wide variety of different combinations of known pumps can be adapted to provide a dispenser in accordance with the present invention.
(0015] For example, as a pump to dispense and extrude the second fluid comprising particulate matter or high viscosity liquids two or three piece pumps incorporating one-way valves which may or may not have different size cylinders may be utilized as disclosed for example in the applicant's US Patent No. 5,282,522 to Ophardt issued February l, 1994, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
As to the nature of pumps which can be adopted for use in mixing aix and foam liquid to provide a foamed intermediate product, pumps of the type disclosed in the present applicant's US
Patent No. 6,409,050 issued June 25, 2002 to Ophardt et al.. and US Patent Nos.
Patent No.
4,673,526.
Summary of the Invention [0009] To at least partially overcome these disadvantages of previously known devices the present invention provides a method and apparatus for extruding a first fluid capable of foaming through a porous member to produce a first foamed extrudate while simultaneously extruding a second fluid preferably containing particulate matter to produce a second extrudate adjacent the first extrudate.
[0010] The present invention provides a method of dispensing foam which involves providing a first reservoir with a first fluid capable of foaming and a second reservoir of a second fluid. The method involves passing the first fluid together with air through a.
porous member to produce and extrude to an outlet an intermediate product including foam. The method also involves simultaneously extruding the second fluid to the outlet without passing the second fluid through the porous member thereby producing a co-extruded final product comprising the intermediate product including foam and the second fluid. Preferably the second fluid is selected from a fluid comprising particulate solid matter which is incapable of passing through the porous member or a fluid having sufficiently high viscosity that it will not pass through the porous member.
.... ..,... . ,~.n~.."..~,a.w.,cva.r",:.~; va~._s .,q...~anF,'~uar~,.~.-~.~wuaa-~~s~.~,xas~w~ao~essa~zasraa,~:r.~o..»r.r~,.w.,~."..» , _.",.,~"__..._~......~"",.".-._,............",""..,..x"","~",..,9...~,...,~."~" . :,~e~a,m~..
[0011] Preferably, the intermediate product including foam and the second fluid are co-extruded into an outlet passage in which they are brought into contact with each. other preferably to coalesce in the outlet passage. Additionally, after co-extrusion of the intermediate product including foam and the second fluid, the intermediate product including foam and the second fluid may be subjected to some intermixing in the outlet passage.
[0012] The intermediate product including foam and the second fluid are preferably extruded as extruded streams in a parallel direction with one of the streams being annular about the other stream. Preferably the intermediate product including the foam is extruded annularly about the other stream comprising the second fluid.
(0013] Preferably the extrusion of both the first fluid and air through the porous member and the extrusion of the second fluid are carried out by the movement of a single piston member within a piston chamber forming element. The single piston member and the piston chamber forming element preferably define there between an air chamber having an air inlet and an air outlet, a first fluid chamber having axe inlet in communication with a first reservoir and an outlet, and a second fluid chamber having an inlet in communication with the second reservoir. When the piston member is reciprocally moved and the piston chamber member air is drawn into and forced out of the air chamber, the first fluid is drawn into and forced out of the first fluid chamber and the second fluid is drawn into and forced out of the second fluid chamber. The air and second fluid are mixed and passed through a foam-inducing device to provide an intermediate foamed product. The second fluid is delivered with the intermediate foamed product to a user.
[0014] A wide variety of different combinations of known pumps can be adapted to provide a dispenser in accordance with the present invention.
(0015] For example, as a pump to dispense and extrude the second fluid comprising particulate matter or high viscosity liquids two or three piece pumps incorporating one-way valves which may or may not have different size cylinders may be utilized as disclosed for example in the applicant's US Patent No. 5,282,522 to Ophardt issued February l, 1994, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
As to the nature of pumps which can be adopted for use in mixing aix and foam liquid to provide a foamed intermediate product, pumps of the type disclosed in the present applicant's US
Patent No. 6,409,050 issued June 25, 2002 to Ophardt et al.. and US Patent Nos.
5,445,288 and 6,082,586 to Banks can be adopted. In accordance with the preferred embodiments, the piston and the complimentary piston chamber forming member as is used in previously known devices for producing a foamed intermediate product is modified so as to provide an additional pump mechanism t~~ simultaneously dispense a second fluid simultaneously with dispensing the foamed intermediate product.
[0016] Preferred pumping mechanisms may provide as between a single piston and a single piston chamber forming member a separate pumping chamber and/or pumping capability for each of air, a first fluid which is capable of foaming and a second fluid.
Preferably each of the three chambers is co-axially disposed relative to the piston and piston chamber. As in the mamier of previously known dispensing devices, the piston may be reciprocally moved relative the piston chamber forming member to pump from all three chambers. Reciprocal movement of the piston may be accomplished by a manually activated lever as in the manner of known soap dispensers.
[0017] Known soap dispensers include disposable reservoirs carrying a disposable pump which are adapted for placement and replacement inside a permanent dispenser housing. In accordance with the present invention a new disposable reservoir assembly including a disposable pump may be provided for replacement in existing known dispensers however with the new reservoir incorporating two reservoir chambers one for a first liquid to be foamed and the second for a second liquid for example to include particulate matter.
Brief Description of the Drawings [0018] Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of a first embodiment of a dispenser in accordance with the present invention;
[0019) Figure 2 is a cross-sectional side view of a second embodiment of a dispenser in accordance with the present invention;
[0020] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view through the extruded product of Figure 1 along section line 3-3 ; and [0021] Figure 4 is a view the same as in Figure 3 but vvith different grit liquid extrudates;
[0022] Figure 5 is a schematic pictorial representation of reservoirs for use with dispensers in accordance with the present invention in which one reservoir is internal of the second reservoir;
(0023) Figure 6 is a view of an alternate reservoir arrangement in which the two reservoirs are stacked on top of each other;
(0024) Figure 7 is a schematic pictorial view of an alternate arrangement of reservoirs in which the reservoirs are side by side; and [0025] Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional side view through a reservoir formed from flexible sheeting in which the same sheet forming an outside wall of an interior wall forms an inside wall of an exterior reservoir.
Detailed Description of the Drawings [0026] Reference is made to Figure 1 which illustrates a first preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention.
[0027) A pump mechanism generally indicated 10 is secured in the opening 12 of a first reservoir 14 only schematically. The pump mechanisms 10 comprises a piston chamber forming member 16 within which a piston 18 is coaxially slidable.
[0028] Three chambers are .formed between the piston chamber forming member 16 and the piston 18. These three chambers include an air chamber 20, a foam liquid chamber 30 and a grit liquid chamber 40. Each of these chambers has a one-way inlet valve and a one-way outlet valve. The air chamber 20 has one-way inlet valve 21 with a flexible annular flange which is biased radially outwardly and deflects radially inwardly to permit air to enter the chamber 20. One-way air outlet valve 22 has a similar flexible annular flange biased radially inwardly, and which deflects radially outwardly to permit air to exit from the air chamber 20. The air inlet valve 21 and air outlet valve 22 are carried on the piston 18.
[0029] Foam liquid chamber 30 is in fluid communication with the interior of the reservoir 14 via an inlet 33. A one-way foam liquid inlet valve 31 has a flexible annular flange which is biased radially outwardly and deflects radially inwardly to permit foam fluid 35 from the reservoir 14 to enter the foam liquid chamber 30. A one-way foam liquid outlet valve 32 has a flexible annular flange which is biased radially inwardly and deflects radially outwardly to permit foam liquid to exit the foam liquid chamber 30. The foam liquid inlet valve 31 is carried on the piston chamber forming member 16.
The foam liquid outlet valve 32 is carried on the piston 18.
[0030] The piston chamber forming member 16 is connected at its upper end to a second reservoir 44 only schematically shown carrying the grit liquid 45. The second reservoir 44 is preferably collapsible and formed for example as a bag with a mouth adapted to be secured to the piston chamber forming member 16.
[0031] The grit liquid chamber 40 has inlets 43 there into which permits grit fluid 45 from within the second reservoir 44 to enter via inlets 43 into the grit liquid chamber 40 past one-way grit liquid inlet valve 41 which has a flexible annular flange secured to the piston chamber forming member 16 which is biased radially outwardly and deflects radially inwardly to permit grit liquid 4S to flow into the grit liquid chamber 40.
[0032] The piston 18 carries a one-way grit liquid exit valve 42 which has a flexible annular flange which is biased radially outwardly and deflects radially inwardly to permit grit liquid to exit the grit liquid chamber 40.
[0033] The piston 18 has a central hollow grit delivery tube 50 with a grit delivery passageway 46 co-axially disposed therein extending from a closed inner end 52 proximate the grit liquid exit valve 42 to an open grit liquid outlet 53. A
sealing flange 54 is carried on the grit delivery tube 50 spaced from the grit liquid exit valve 42 which sealing flange 54 prevents fluid flow axially there past in either direction.
A radially extending opening 56 extends from an annular space 49 between grit liquid one-way valve 42 and the sealing flange 54 to the grit delivery passageway 46.
[0034) Reciprocal movement of the piston 18 within the piston chamber forming mechanism will cause grit liquid 45 to successively be drawn from the second reservoir 44 into the grit liquid chamber 40 and hence dispense or otherwise be extruded past the one-way grit liquid exit valve 42 through the radially extending opening 56 into the grit delivery passageway 46 and subsequently to exit out the grit liquid outlet 53.
Vanes 57 are preferably provided on the grit delivery tube 50 to assist in locating the piston 18 coaxially within an inner cylindrical sidewall 58 of the piston chamber forming member 16 which forms the grit liquid chamber 40.
[0035) Referring to the foam liquid chamber 30, with movement of the piston 1.8 reciprocally inwardly and outwardly relative the piston chamber forming member 16, foam liquid 35 is drawn into the foam liquid chamber 30 via inlet openings 33 past the foam liquid inlet valve 31 and is dispensed or extruded past the foam liquid outlet valve 32 to be extruded through a foam liquid delivery passageway 36 to a location where the foam liquid delivery passageway 36 joins with a air delivery passageway 26.
[0036) Referring to the air chamber, with movement of the piston 18 reciprocally inwardly and outwardly relative the piston chamber forming member 16, air is drawn into the air chamber 20 past air inlet valve 21 and is expelled from the air chamber 20 past air outlet valve 22 via the air delivery passageway 26 which merges with the liquid delivery passageway 36 at an annular mixing chamber 60 disposed adjacent an annular porous member 59 carried by the piston 18 about the grit delivery tube 50. Expelled air and extruded foam liquid from the mixing chamber 60 are forced through the porous member 59 so as to be extruded through the porous member 59 providing a foamed intermediate product schematically indicated as 61 comprising air, the foam liquid and foam formed therefrom.
[0037) Simultaneously with the foamed intermediate product 61 being extruded from the outlet side of the annular porous member 59, grit Liquid 45 is extruded from the grit delivery passageway 46 out of the grit liquid outlet 53. The grit liquid 55 as it exits the grit liquid outlet 53 is a cylindrical extrudate 48 schematically shown with the foamed intermediate product 61 as an annular extrudate thereabout as best seen in Figure 3. The piston 18 has an outlet tube 62 which extends axially from the porous member 56 and the grit delivery tube 50 and provides an outlet passageway of same axial length which. can be of assistance in facilitating contesting, constraining, coalescencing, adhering andlor mixing of the foamed intermediate product 58 and the grit liquid extrudate 48 as they axe co-extruded through outlet passageway 63.
(0038] The nature of the first reservoir 14 is not limited and it may comprise an open topped or closed container and if closed may be either a vented rigid container or a collapsible container. Similarly, the nature of grit reservoir 44 is not limited and it may comprise an open topped or closed container and if closed may be either a collapsible container or a vented rigid container which may be internal of the first reservoir.
[0039] Reference is made to Figure 2 which shows a second embodiment of a dispenser according to the present invention. The same reference numerals are used in Figure 2 as in Figure 1 to indicate similar elements. Like Figure 1, Figure 2 schematically illustrates a combination of a first dispenser for dispensing air and a foamable liquid to produce a foamed intermediate product and a second dispenser to simultaneously dispense a second fluid. The first dispenser to produce a foamed intermediate product is of the type disclosed in the present applicant's US
Patent No.
6,409,050 to mix air with a foam liquid 35 from reservoir 14 but modified to provide at the inner ends of the piston chamber forming member 16 and the piston 18 an addition pump of the type disclosed in the applicant's US Patent No. 5,282,552 to dispense a second liquid 45 from a second reservoir 44.
[0040] In Figure 2, referring to the air chamber 20, with reciprocal movement of the piston 18, air is drawn into the air chamber 20 and effectively is caused to exit via air delivery passageway 26 leading to radially inwardly delivery port 54. The foam liquid chamber 30 is a chamber to which foam liquid 35 may enter with movement of the piston 18 from the first reservoir 14 via foam liquid inlet 33 and be directed through an intermediate chamber 64 to the foam liquid chamber 30 from which it is dispensed notably via a radial outlet 66 to an annular foam liquid delivery passageway 36 which merges with air from the air delivery passageway 26 and its delivery port 54 in an annular mixing chamber 60 above annular porous screen 59 such that the air and foam liquid are together forced through the porous screen 59 to provide a foamed intermediate product in the outlet tube 62.
[0041) The pump assembly for extruding the grit liquid is substantially the same in Figure 2 as that in Figure 1. Grit liquid 45 enters the grit liquid chamber 40 via inlet 43 and is extruded with movement of the piston 18 to pass through the grit liquid delivery passageway 46 of the central grit liquid delivery tube 50.
[0042) The foamed intermediate product formed from the air and foam liquid is extruded through the screen 59 into the outlet tube 62 annularly about the grit liquid delivery tube 50 while the grit liquid 45 is simultaneously extruded from grit liquid delivery tube 50 into the outlet tube 62.
[0043) Both preferred embodiments illustrate the outlets for the foamed intermediate product and the grit liquid being co-axial with the foamed intermediate product extruded annularly about the grit liquid extrudate 48. This is preferred but not necessary. The preferred embodiments also show the foamed intermediate product and the grit liquid being extruded in the identical axially direction. This is not necessary. The intermediate foamed product and the grit liquid extrudate could be extruded merely side to side or at different locations of the outlet tube or for example with the grit liquid extrudate annularly about the foamed intermediate product or merely at some location preferably adjacent thereto. As another preferred embodiment the outlet 53 of the grit liquid delivery tube 50 may split the grit liquid extrudate into a plurality of streams say four streams 48 radially and circumferentially spaced within the outlet tube 65 as shown in Figure 4 to increase contact and coalescence between the foamed intermediate product 61 and the extrudate 48.
[0044) In the preferred embodiments, the pump mechanism is illustrated as having three separate chambers each adapted to receive and expel three different fluids namely air, the foam liquid and the grit liquid. Providing the three chambers to be formed a a ..n ... < a,x . ","ro _ _,.:.rowmr a.eub yaw ax"'~. . s.x&, k~- eoW ~;.a7 ~z~IFR~za6,3"~M~'°v7~2,s."~',~~~.»'p~,~r. .,. ,. -._. _ ....., -. .~
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between merely two members namely the piston chamber forming member 16 and the piston 18 is preferred however is not necessary. Two separate pump assemblies could be provided for pumping in parallel as by a single actuator with the outlets of each namely the outlet of a foaming pump providing the foamed intermediate product and the outlet of a separate grit liquid pump being coupled so as to co-extrude the foamed intermediate product and the grit liquid extrudate at the same location.
[0045] Providing the two reservoirs 14 and 44 such that one reservoir is interior of the other is not necessary. The reservoirs may be individual separate reservoirs provided that the inlets for the respective liquids to be pumped namely the foaming liquid and the grit liquid are in communication with the inlets to the respective foam liquid chamber and grit liquid chamber. Reference is made to Figures 5 to 8 which schematically illustrate a number of different arrangements by which two reservoirs 14 and 44 may be provided as adapted for example for use with either of the pumps illustrated in Figures 1 and 2. In this regard Figure 5 illustrates two separate reservoirs as in the manner shown in Figure 2 with reservoir 44 being separate from and internally provided inside the reservoir 14 with an opening 12 of the reservoir 14 to engage about the exterior of the air chamber and an outlet 13 of the chamber 44 to engage about the outer side wall 58 of the inner portion of the piston chamber forming member 16.
[0046] Reference is made to Figure 6 which illustrates the reservoir 14 as being annular with a central passageway there through. The reservoir 44 is stacked vertically above the reservoir 14. The reservoir 44 has its outlet 13 adapted to engage about the cylindrical side wall 58. The reservoir 14 has an annular outlet 12 adapted to be secured about the flange about the air chamber 20.
[0047] Referring to Figure 7, the containers 14 and 44 are disposed to be arranged side to side in abutting relation although they are shown spaced for simplicity of illustration in Figure 7. Each carries a portion of a cylindrical coupling for securing to the pump with selective openings to be provided for example to suitably connect the fluid in the reservoir 14 to the chamber 30 and to suitably connect the reservoir 44 to the chamber 40.
[0048] Figure 8 illustrates a schematic cross-section through a compound bag formed of flexible plastic sheeting and adapted to have lower ends form outlet 12 for securing about the air chamber 20 and inner sheets adapted for securing about the cylindrical portion 58. The flexible sheet which forms the exterior wall of the reservoir 14 forms an interior wall of the reservoir 14. The sheets may be closed at their upper end as for example along a common upper weld joint. Many other modifications and variations will occur to persons skilled in the art.
[0049] In the preferred embodiments, the liquid in the second reservoir 44 has been referred to as a grit liquid. It is to be appreciated that in accordance with the invention the grit liquid is not to be limited merely to liquids containing grit. While grit liquid is normally to be interpreted as meaning liquid containing example solid particular matter, the grit liquid may be replaced by any liquid which may be desired as fox example a liquid with high viscosity which would not conveniently pass through the porous member or any other liquid which is not desired to be mixed with the foam liquid until after foam has been formed.
[0050] Each of the first embodiments are particularly adapted to provide a soap dispenser mechanism which is readily adapted for use in known soap dispensers such as wall mounted soap dispensers disclosed in the applicant's L1S Patent No.
5,373,970 issued December 20, 1994 the disclosure of which is incorporated herein. The structure comprising in combination the first reservoir 14 and a second reservoir 44 can conveniently be arranged to have a shape and/or size adapted for direct substitution for an existing reservoir. The external mechanism of the pump assembly and particularly the piston as adapted to be coupled to an actuating mechanism may be identical to that for the dispenser and therefore a dispenser reservoir with pump in accordance with this invention can be readily adapted for use in existing dispenser housings by replacement of known soap reservoirs carrying integral pumps.
[0051] Many modifications and variations will now occur to persons skilled in the art. For a definition of the invention reference is made to the following claims.
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[0016] Preferred pumping mechanisms may provide as between a single piston and a single piston chamber forming member a separate pumping chamber and/or pumping capability for each of air, a first fluid which is capable of foaming and a second fluid.
Preferably each of the three chambers is co-axially disposed relative to the piston and piston chamber. As in the mamier of previously known dispensing devices, the piston may be reciprocally moved relative the piston chamber forming member to pump from all three chambers. Reciprocal movement of the piston may be accomplished by a manually activated lever as in the manner of known soap dispensers.
[0017] Known soap dispensers include disposable reservoirs carrying a disposable pump which are adapted for placement and replacement inside a permanent dispenser housing. In accordance with the present invention a new disposable reservoir assembly including a disposable pump may be provided for replacement in existing known dispensers however with the new reservoir incorporating two reservoir chambers one for a first liquid to be foamed and the second for a second liquid for example to include particulate matter.
Brief Description of the Drawings [0018] Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of a first embodiment of a dispenser in accordance with the present invention;
[0019) Figure 2 is a cross-sectional side view of a second embodiment of a dispenser in accordance with the present invention;
[0020] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view through the extruded product of Figure 1 along section line 3-3 ; and [0021] Figure 4 is a view the same as in Figure 3 but vvith different grit liquid extrudates;
[0022] Figure 5 is a schematic pictorial representation of reservoirs for use with dispensers in accordance with the present invention in which one reservoir is internal of the second reservoir;
(0023) Figure 6 is a view of an alternate reservoir arrangement in which the two reservoirs are stacked on top of each other;
(0024) Figure 7 is a schematic pictorial view of an alternate arrangement of reservoirs in which the reservoirs are side by side; and [0025] Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional side view through a reservoir formed from flexible sheeting in which the same sheet forming an outside wall of an interior wall forms an inside wall of an exterior reservoir.
Detailed Description of the Drawings [0026] Reference is made to Figure 1 which illustrates a first preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention.
[0027) A pump mechanism generally indicated 10 is secured in the opening 12 of a first reservoir 14 only schematically. The pump mechanisms 10 comprises a piston chamber forming member 16 within which a piston 18 is coaxially slidable.
[0028] Three chambers are .formed between the piston chamber forming member 16 and the piston 18. These three chambers include an air chamber 20, a foam liquid chamber 30 and a grit liquid chamber 40. Each of these chambers has a one-way inlet valve and a one-way outlet valve. The air chamber 20 has one-way inlet valve 21 with a flexible annular flange which is biased radially outwardly and deflects radially inwardly to permit air to enter the chamber 20. One-way air outlet valve 22 has a similar flexible annular flange biased radially inwardly, and which deflects radially outwardly to permit air to exit from the air chamber 20. The air inlet valve 21 and air outlet valve 22 are carried on the piston 18.
[0029] Foam liquid chamber 30 is in fluid communication with the interior of the reservoir 14 via an inlet 33. A one-way foam liquid inlet valve 31 has a flexible annular flange which is biased radially outwardly and deflects radially inwardly to permit foam fluid 35 from the reservoir 14 to enter the foam liquid chamber 30. A one-way foam liquid outlet valve 32 has a flexible annular flange which is biased radially inwardly and deflects radially outwardly to permit foam liquid to exit the foam liquid chamber 30. The foam liquid inlet valve 31 is carried on the piston chamber forming member 16.
The foam liquid outlet valve 32 is carried on the piston 18.
[0030] The piston chamber forming member 16 is connected at its upper end to a second reservoir 44 only schematically shown carrying the grit liquid 45. The second reservoir 44 is preferably collapsible and formed for example as a bag with a mouth adapted to be secured to the piston chamber forming member 16.
[0031] The grit liquid chamber 40 has inlets 43 there into which permits grit fluid 45 from within the second reservoir 44 to enter via inlets 43 into the grit liquid chamber 40 past one-way grit liquid inlet valve 41 which has a flexible annular flange secured to the piston chamber forming member 16 which is biased radially outwardly and deflects radially inwardly to permit grit liquid 4S to flow into the grit liquid chamber 40.
[0032] The piston 18 carries a one-way grit liquid exit valve 42 which has a flexible annular flange which is biased radially outwardly and deflects radially inwardly to permit grit liquid to exit the grit liquid chamber 40.
[0033] The piston 18 has a central hollow grit delivery tube 50 with a grit delivery passageway 46 co-axially disposed therein extending from a closed inner end 52 proximate the grit liquid exit valve 42 to an open grit liquid outlet 53. A
sealing flange 54 is carried on the grit delivery tube 50 spaced from the grit liquid exit valve 42 which sealing flange 54 prevents fluid flow axially there past in either direction.
A radially extending opening 56 extends from an annular space 49 between grit liquid one-way valve 42 and the sealing flange 54 to the grit delivery passageway 46.
[0034) Reciprocal movement of the piston 18 within the piston chamber forming mechanism will cause grit liquid 45 to successively be drawn from the second reservoir 44 into the grit liquid chamber 40 and hence dispense or otherwise be extruded past the one-way grit liquid exit valve 42 through the radially extending opening 56 into the grit delivery passageway 46 and subsequently to exit out the grit liquid outlet 53.
Vanes 57 are preferably provided on the grit delivery tube 50 to assist in locating the piston 18 coaxially within an inner cylindrical sidewall 58 of the piston chamber forming member 16 which forms the grit liquid chamber 40.
[0035) Referring to the foam liquid chamber 30, with movement of the piston 1.8 reciprocally inwardly and outwardly relative the piston chamber forming member 16, foam liquid 35 is drawn into the foam liquid chamber 30 via inlet openings 33 past the foam liquid inlet valve 31 and is dispensed or extruded past the foam liquid outlet valve 32 to be extruded through a foam liquid delivery passageway 36 to a location where the foam liquid delivery passageway 36 joins with a air delivery passageway 26.
[0036) Referring to the air chamber, with movement of the piston 18 reciprocally inwardly and outwardly relative the piston chamber forming member 16, air is drawn into the air chamber 20 past air inlet valve 21 and is expelled from the air chamber 20 past air outlet valve 22 via the air delivery passageway 26 which merges with the liquid delivery passageway 36 at an annular mixing chamber 60 disposed adjacent an annular porous member 59 carried by the piston 18 about the grit delivery tube 50. Expelled air and extruded foam liquid from the mixing chamber 60 are forced through the porous member 59 so as to be extruded through the porous member 59 providing a foamed intermediate product schematically indicated as 61 comprising air, the foam liquid and foam formed therefrom.
[0037) Simultaneously with the foamed intermediate product 61 being extruded from the outlet side of the annular porous member 59, grit Liquid 45 is extruded from the grit delivery passageway 46 out of the grit liquid outlet 53. The grit liquid 55 as it exits the grit liquid outlet 53 is a cylindrical extrudate 48 schematically shown with the foamed intermediate product 61 as an annular extrudate thereabout as best seen in Figure 3. The piston 18 has an outlet tube 62 which extends axially from the porous member 56 and the grit delivery tube 50 and provides an outlet passageway of same axial length which. can be of assistance in facilitating contesting, constraining, coalescencing, adhering andlor mixing of the foamed intermediate product 58 and the grit liquid extrudate 48 as they axe co-extruded through outlet passageway 63.
(0038] The nature of the first reservoir 14 is not limited and it may comprise an open topped or closed container and if closed may be either a vented rigid container or a collapsible container. Similarly, the nature of grit reservoir 44 is not limited and it may comprise an open topped or closed container and if closed may be either a collapsible container or a vented rigid container which may be internal of the first reservoir.
[0039] Reference is made to Figure 2 which shows a second embodiment of a dispenser according to the present invention. The same reference numerals are used in Figure 2 as in Figure 1 to indicate similar elements. Like Figure 1, Figure 2 schematically illustrates a combination of a first dispenser for dispensing air and a foamable liquid to produce a foamed intermediate product and a second dispenser to simultaneously dispense a second fluid. The first dispenser to produce a foamed intermediate product is of the type disclosed in the present applicant's US
Patent No.
6,409,050 to mix air with a foam liquid 35 from reservoir 14 but modified to provide at the inner ends of the piston chamber forming member 16 and the piston 18 an addition pump of the type disclosed in the applicant's US Patent No. 5,282,552 to dispense a second liquid 45 from a second reservoir 44.
[0040] In Figure 2, referring to the air chamber 20, with reciprocal movement of the piston 18, air is drawn into the air chamber 20 and effectively is caused to exit via air delivery passageway 26 leading to radially inwardly delivery port 54. The foam liquid chamber 30 is a chamber to which foam liquid 35 may enter with movement of the piston 18 from the first reservoir 14 via foam liquid inlet 33 and be directed through an intermediate chamber 64 to the foam liquid chamber 30 from which it is dispensed notably via a radial outlet 66 to an annular foam liquid delivery passageway 36 which merges with air from the air delivery passageway 26 and its delivery port 54 in an annular mixing chamber 60 above annular porous screen 59 such that the air and foam liquid are together forced through the porous screen 59 to provide a foamed intermediate product in the outlet tube 62.
[0041) The pump assembly for extruding the grit liquid is substantially the same in Figure 2 as that in Figure 1. Grit liquid 45 enters the grit liquid chamber 40 via inlet 43 and is extruded with movement of the piston 18 to pass through the grit liquid delivery passageway 46 of the central grit liquid delivery tube 50.
[0042) The foamed intermediate product formed from the air and foam liquid is extruded through the screen 59 into the outlet tube 62 annularly about the grit liquid delivery tube 50 while the grit liquid 45 is simultaneously extruded from grit liquid delivery tube 50 into the outlet tube 62.
[0043) Both preferred embodiments illustrate the outlets for the foamed intermediate product and the grit liquid being co-axial with the foamed intermediate product extruded annularly about the grit liquid extrudate 48. This is preferred but not necessary. The preferred embodiments also show the foamed intermediate product and the grit liquid being extruded in the identical axially direction. This is not necessary. The intermediate foamed product and the grit liquid extrudate could be extruded merely side to side or at different locations of the outlet tube or for example with the grit liquid extrudate annularly about the foamed intermediate product or merely at some location preferably adjacent thereto. As another preferred embodiment the outlet 53 of the grit liquid delivery tube 50 may split the grit liquid extrudate into a plurality of streams say four streams 48 radially and circumferentially spaced within the outlet tube 65 as shown in Figure 4 to increase contact and coalescence between the foamed intermediate product 61 and the extrudate 48.
[0044) In the preferred embodiments, the pump mechanism is illustrated as having three separate chambers each adapted to receive and expel three different fluids namely air, the foam liquid and the grit liquid. Providing the three chambers to be formed a a ..n ... < a,x . ","ro _ _,.:.rowmr a.eub yaw ax"'~. . s.x&, k~- eoW ~;.a7 ~z~IFR~za6,3"~M~'°v7~2,s."~',~~~.»'p~,~r. .,. ,. -._. _ ....., -. .~
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between merely two members namely the piston chamber forming member 16 and the piston 18 is preferred however is not necessary. Two separate pump assemblies could be provided for pumping in parallel as by a single actuator with the outlets of each namely the outlet of a foaming pump providing the foamed intermediate product and the outlet of a separate grit liquid pump being coupled so as to co-extrude the foamed intermediate product and the grit liquid extrudate at the same location.
[0045] Providing the two reservoirs 14 and 44 such that one reservoir is interior of the other is not necessary. The reservoirs may be individual separate reservoirs provided that the inlets for the respective liquids to be pumped namely the foaming liquid and the grit liquid are in communication with the inlets to the respective foam liquid chamber and grit liquid chamber. Reference is made to Figures 5 to 8 which schematically illustrate a number of different arrangements by which two reservoirs 14 and 44 may be provided as adapted for example for use with either of the pumps illustrated in Figures 1 and 2. In this regard Figure 5 illustrates two separate reservoirs as in the manner shown in Figure 2 with reservoir 44 being separate from and internally provided inside the reservoir 14 with an opening 12 of the reservoir 14 to engage about the exterior of the air chamber and an outlet 13 of the chamber 44 to engage about the outer side wall 58 of the inner portion of the piston chamber forming member 16.
[0046] Reference is made to Figure 6 which illustrates the reservoir 14 as being annular with a central passageway there through. The reservoir 44 is stacked vertically above the reservoir 14. The reservoir 44 has its outlet 13 adapted to engage about the cylindrical side wall 58. The reservoir 14 has an annular outlet 12 adapted to be secured about the flange about the air chamber 20.
[0047] Referring to Figure 7, the containers 14 and 44 are disposed to be arranged side to side in abutting relation although they are shown spaced for simplicity of illustration in Figure 7. Each carries a portion of a cylindrical coupling for securing to the pump with selective openings to be provided for example to suitably connect the fluid in the reservoir 14 to the chamber 30 and to suitably connect the reservoir 44 to the chamber 40.
[0048] Figure 8 illustrates a schematic cross-section through a compound bag formed of flexible plastic sheeting and adapted to have lower ends form outlet 12 for securing about the air chamber 20 and inner sheets adapted for securing about the cylindrical portion 58. The flexible sheet which forms the exterior wall of the reservoir 14 forms an interior wall of the reservoir 14. The sheets may be closed at their upper end as for example along a common upper weld joint. Many other modifications and variations will occur to persons skilled in the art.
[0049] In the preferred embodiments, the liquid in the second reservoir 44 has been referred to as a grit liquid. It is to be appreciated that in accordance with the invention the grit liquid is not to be limited merely to liquids containing grit. While grit liquid is normally to be interpreted as meaning liquid containing example solid particular matter, the grit liquid may be replaced by any liquid which may be desired as fox example a liquid with high viscosity which would not conveniently pass through the porous member or any other liquid which is not desired to be mixed with the foam liquid until after foam has been formed.
[0050] Each of the first embodiments are particularly adapted to provide a soap dispenser mechanism which is readily adapted for use in known soap dispensers such as wall mounted soap dispensers disclosed in the applicant's L1S Patent No.
5,373,970 issued December 20, 1994 the disclosure of which is incorporated herein. The structure comprising in combination the first reservoir 14 and a second reservoir 44 can conveniently be arranged to have a shape and/or size adapted for direct substitution for an existing reservoir. The external mechanism of the pump assembly and particularly the piston as adapted to be coupled to an actuating mechanism may be identical to that for the dispenser and therefore a dispenser reservoir with pump in accordance with this invention can be readily adapted for use in existing dispenser housings by replacement of known soap reservoirs carrying integral pumps.
[0051] Many modifications and variations will now occur to persons skilled in the art. For a definition of the invention reference is made to the following claims.
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Claims (9)
1. A method of dispensing foam comprising:
providing a first reservoir with a first fluid capable of foaming;
providing a second reservoir of a second fluid;
passing the first fluid together with air through a porous member to produce and extrude to an outlet an intermediate product including foam;
simultaneously extruding the second fluid to the outlet thereby producing a final product comprising the intermediate product including foam and the second fluid.
providing a first reservoir with a first fluid capable of foaming;
providing a second reservoir of a second fluid;
passing the first fluid together with air through a porous member to produce and extrude to an outlet an intermediate product including foam;
simultaneously extruding the second fluid to the outlet thereby producing a final product comprising the intermediate product including foam and the second fluid.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the second fluid selected from a fluid comprising solid particulate material which will not pass through the porous member or a fluid having sufficiently high viscosity that it will not pass through the porous member.
3. A method as claimed in claim 2 wherein the particulate solid material is selected from the group comprising grit, pumice, plastic synthetic resin scrubber particles, wood powder, ground sponge, ground cork and finely divided silica.
4. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the intermediate product including foam and the second fluid are co-extruded into an outlet passage to coalesce in the outlet passage.
5. A method a claimed in claim 1 including mixing the intermediate product including foam and the second fluid.
6. A method as claimed in claim 2 wherein the intermediate including foam and the second fluid are each extruded as extrudate streams in a parallel direction, one of the streams being annular about the other of the streams.
7. A method as claimed in claim 6 wherein the stream comprising the intermediate product including foam being extruded annularly about the other stream comprising the second fluid.
8. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the first fluid and air are pressurized to be passed through the porous member and extruded as the intermediate product including foam, and the second fluid is simultaneously extruded by the movement of a single piston member within a piston chamber forming element.
9. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the first fluid and air are pressurized to be passed through the porous member and extruded as the intermediate product including foam, and the second fluid is simultaneously extruded by the movement of a single piston member within a piston chamber forming element defining there between an air chamber having an air inlet and an air outlet, a first fluid chamber having an inlet in communication with the first reservoir and an outlet, and a second fluid chamber having an inlet in communication with the second reservoir and wherein the piston member is reciprocally movable in the piston chamber forming element and a movement in a first direction air is drawn into the air chamber, the first fluid is drawn into the first fluid chamber and the second fluid is drawn into the second fluid chamber and in movement in the opposite direction air is expelled from the air outlet of the air chamber, the first fluid is expelled from the outlet of the first fluid chamber and the second fluid is expelled from the outlet of the second fluid chamber.
Priority Applications (12)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002461430A CA2461430A1 (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2004-03-19 | Foam and grit dispenser |
| CA002464905A CA2464905C (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2004-04-20 | Dual component dispenser |
| US11/076,454 US7661561B2 (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2005-03-10 | Dual component dispenser |
| IT000399A ITMI20050399A1 (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2005-03-11 | DISPENSER WITH TWO COMPONENTS |
| DE102005012121.7A DE102005012121B4 (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2005-03-16 | Two-component dispenser |
| JP2005077439A JP5250180B2 (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2005-03-17 | Method for dispensing foam containing two components |
| FR0502723A FR2867700B1 (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2005-03-18 | DISTRIBUTOR FOR TWO COMPONENTS |
| GB0715817A GB2439225B (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2005-03-18 | Dual component dispenser |
| GB0505601A GB2412696B (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2005-03-18 | Dual component dispenser |
| CNB2005100560536A CN100528057C (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2005-03-21 | Two component distributor |
| US12/654,568 US7823751B2 (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2009-12-23 | Dual component dispenser |
| JP2011185728A JP5250673B2 (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2011-08-29 | Dispensing pump |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002461430A CA2461430A1 (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2004-03-19 | Foam and grit dispenser |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2461430A1 true CA2461430A1 (en) | 2005-09-19 |
Family
ID=35006103
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002461430A Abandoned CA2461430A1 (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2004-03-19 | Foam and grit dispenser |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2461430A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8281958B2 (en) | 2004-05-07 | 2012-10-09 | Deb Ip Limited | Method of producing foamed cleanser with suspended particles therein and a dispenser therefore |
| US9718069B2 (en) | 2014-05-12 | 2017-08-01 | Deb Ip Limited | Foam pump |
-
2004
- 2004-03-19 CA CA002461430A patent/CA2461430A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8281958B2 (en) | 2004-05-07 | 2012-10-09 | Deb Ip Limited | Method of producing foamed cleanser with suspended particles therein and a dispenser therefore |
| US10736824B2 (en) | 2004-05-07 | 2020-08-11 | Deb Ip Limited | Foamed cleanser with suspended particles |
| US9718069B2 (en) | 2014-05-12 | 2017-08-01 | Deb Ip Limited | Foam pump |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |
Effective date: 20130904 |