CA2461261A1 - Isoflavonoid compounds and use thereof - Google Patents
Isoflavonoid compounds and use thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CA2461261A1 CA2461261A1 CA002461261A CA2461261A CA2461261A1 CA 2461261 A1 CA2461261 A1 CA 2461261A1 CA 002461261 A CA002461261 A CA 002461261A CA 2461261 A CA2461261 A CA 2461261A CA 2461261 A1 CA2461261 A1 CA 2461261A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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Abstract
The use of a one or more Isoflavonoid compound Signals which may be with an agriculturally acceptable carrier, applied prior to planting, up to 365 days or more, either directly to the seed or transplant of a non-legume crop or a legume crop, or applied to the soil that will be planted either to a non-legume crop or a legume crop, for the purpose of increasing yield and/or improving seed germination and/or improving earlier seed emergence and/or improving modulation and/or increasing crop stand density and/or improving plant vigour and/or improving plant growth, and/or increasing biomass, and/or earlier fruiting, all including in circumstances of seedling and plant transplanting.
Description
Isoflavonoid Compounds and Use Thereof THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the use of a one or more Isoflavonoid compound Signals which may be with an agriculturally acceptable carrier, applied prior to planting, up to 270 days or more, either directly to the seed of a non-legume crop or a legume crop, or applied to the soil that will be planted either to a non-legume crop or a legume crop, for the purpose of increasing yield and/or improving seed germination and/or improving earlier seed emergence and/or improving nodulation and/or increasing crop stand density and/or improving plant vigour and/or improving plant growth, all including in circumstances of seedling and plant transplanting.
Background Agricultural Practices Agriculture in the developing world frequently utilizes a practice of intercropping plant species to maximize land productivity. That practice frequently involves a legume crop interspaced row by row with another plant species of regional value. It has long been known that the non-leguminous crop generally benefits in yield for having been in intimate contact at the root level with the legumes. This has traditionally been thought to be due to the legumes known benefit of returning fixed plant-utilizable nitrogen to the soil through the residual of its own nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with the rhizobia bacteria. This nitrogen, it was viewed, was utilized by the intercrop growing better.
In the developed world intercropping legumes with other agricultural crops, while known and understood, is simply not feasible. It is a practice requiring hand field maintenance for best results and in volume agriculture the equipment does not lend itself to the disparity in plant heights and size experienced i.e. soybeans (a legume) is physically much different from maize.
The invention relates to the use of a one or more Isoflavonoid compound Signals which may be with an agriculturally acceptable carrier, applied prior to planting, up to 270 days or more, either directly to the seed of a non-legume crop or a legume crop, or applied to the soil that will be planted either to a non-legume crop or a legume crop, for the purpose of increasing yield and/or improving seed germination and/or improving earlier seed emergence and/or improving nodulation and/or increasing crop stand density and/or improving plant vigour and/or improving plant growth, all including in circumstances of seedling and plant transplanting.
Background Agricultural Practices Agriculture in the developing world frequently utilizes a practice of intercropping plant species to maximize land productivity. That practice frequently involves a legume crop interspaced row by row with another plant species of regional value. It has long been known that the non-leguminous crop generally benefits in yield for having been in intimate contact at the root level with the legumes. This has traditionally been thought to be due to the legumes known benefit of returning fixed plant-utilizable nitrogen to the soil through the residual of its own nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with the rhizobia bacteria. This nitrogen, it was viewed, was utilized by the intercrop growing better.
In the developed world intercropping legumes with other agricultural crops, while known and understood, is simply not feasible. It is a practice requiring hand field maintenance for best results and in volume agriculture the equipment does not lend itself to the disparity in plant heights and size experienced i.e. soybeans (a legume) is physically much different from maize.
North American Cropping practices Intercropping practices from the developing world are, in developed countries, translated into crop rotation agricultural practices where a single crop is grown on the land one year and another crop is grown in the following year. These crops are so rotated as to best maintain the land and reduce its nutrient loss and may involve two, three or four crops in regular rotation year-by-year.
One of these crops will be a legume, the type depending on soil, markets, region etc and might involve soybeans, peas, beans, alfalfa, clover etc. - all legumes with their own symbiotic relationship with a particular rhizobia bacterial species - and each bacterial species producing a specific LCO structure for the particular plant species host.
It has long been held that the crop rotation must include a legume because of their ability to leave a nitrogen residue available to the following crop - that residue generally recognized to be a pound of Nitrogen for each bushel of legume seed harvested i.e. for soybeans 40-50 Ibs N per acre available to the next, generally non-leguminous crop.
In North America the major crop rotations are (1 ) Corn-soybeans and used through the major production states of the USA - Illinois, Ohio, Iowa, Nebraska - and (2) Wheat-Peas, in western Canada.
Scientific Development The legume symbiosis with rhizobia is now much better understood while not yet fully explained. It involves and requires a series of plant and microbial signals to initiate the plant tissue changes, which wilt protect and support the rhizobia internally to the root where it can undertake nitrogen gas conversion to plant utilizable nitrogen utilizing energy from the plant.
It is now known scientifically that the rhizobial signal sent to the legume plant to initiate root tissue changes is a Lipo-chito-oligosaccharide (LCO) and is termed Nod Factor in this application. Its production arose from the adjacent rhizobia bacteria receiving legume root exuded isoflavonoid chemicals - also termed signals - that switch on the genes for the production of these LCOs.
It is further appreciated here through present studies and patents that LCOs have a plant growth function not restricted to legumes. It has been demonstrated that non-legume seeds as well as legume seeds germinate earlier in the presence of minute (10-'to 1O-12 M) levels of LCO in solution.
It has been further demonstrated that foliar LCO applications to many plants (corn, soybeans, peas, tomatoes) leads to their earlier flowering and higher yield (not yet published). The mechanism for these phenomena continues to be under study.
The objects of the present invention include application and use of one or more Signals and compositions thereof to a non-legume seed, resulting in increased yield and/or improved seed germination, and/or increased stand density, and/or earlier emergence, andlor improved plant vigour, and/or improved plant growth; including but not limited to:
where the non-legume seed includes but is not limited to a seed, tuber, transplant, or vegetative cutting;
where the non-legume is grown for use in agriculture, horticulture, silviculture, or gardening;
where the non-legume is sown into land that had previously been sown to a legume crop, or which has an indigenous population of rhizobia;
where the Signal is applied to the non-legume crop up to 270 days in advance of planting;
where the Signal is applied with an agriculturally acceptable carrier such as, but not limited to, water, seed treatments, inoculants, herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, fertilizers, growth promoters, or horticultural media;
where the soil to be planted to the non-legume crop has been pre-treated with a specific symbiotic rhizobia or has an indigenous population of rhizobia;
where the seed has been treated with a specific symbiotic rhizobia;
One of these crops will be a legume, the type depending on soil, markets, region etc and might involve soybeans, peas, beans, alfalfa, clover etc. - all legumes with their own symbiotic relationship with a particular rhizobia bacterial species - and each bacterial species producing a specific LCO structure for the particular plant species host.
It has long been held that the crop rotation must include a legume because of their ability to leave a nitrogen residue available to the following crop - that residue generally recognized to be a pound of Nitrogen for each bushel of legume seed harvested i.e. for soybeans 40-50 Ibs N per acre available to the next, generally non-leguminous crop.
In North America the major crop rotations are (1 ) Corn-soybeans and used through the major production states of the USA - Illinois, Ohio, Iowa, Nebraska - and (2) Wheat-Peas, in western Canada.
Scientific Development The legume symbiosis with rhizobia is now much better understood while not yet fully explained. It involves and requires a series of plant and microbial signals to initiate the plant tissue changes, which wilt protect and support the rhizobia internally to the root where it can undertake nitrogen gas conversion to plant utilizable nitrogen utilizing energy from the plant.
It is now known scientifically that the rhizobial signal sent to the legume plant to initiate root tissue changes is a Lipo-chito-oligosaccharide (LCO) and is termed Nod Factor in this application. Its production arose from the adjacent rhizobia bacteria receiving legume root exuded isoflavonoid chemicals - also termed signals - that switch on the genes for the production of these LCOs.
It is further appreciated here through present studies and patents that LCOs have a plant growth function not restricted to legumes. It has been demonstrated that non-legume seeds as well as legume seeds germinate earlier in the presence of minute (10-'to 1O-12 M) levels of LCO in solution.
It has been further demonstrated that foliar LCO applications to many plants (corn, soybeans, peas, tomatoes) leads to their earlier flowering and higher yield (not yet published). The mechanism for these phenomena continues to be under study.
The objects of the present invention include application and use of one or more Signals and compositions thereof to a non-legume seed, resulting in increased yield and/or improved seed germination, and/or increased stand density, and/or earlier emergence, andlor improved plant vigour, and/or improved plant growth; including but not limited to:
where the non-legume seed includes but is not limited to a seed, tuber, transplant, or vegetative cutting;
where the non-legume is grown for use in agriculture, horticulture, silviculture, or gardening;
where the non-legume is sown into land that had previously been sown to a legume crop, or which has an indigenous population of rhizobia;
where the Signal is applied to the non-legume crop up to 270 days in advance of planting;
where the Signal is applied with an agriculturally acceptable carrier such as, but not limited to, water, seed treatments, inoculants, herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, fertilizers, growth promoters, or horticultural media;
where the soil to be planted to the non-legume crop has been pre-treated with a specific symbiotic rhizobia or has an indigenous population of rhizobia;
where the seed has been treated with a specific symbiotic rhizobia;
One or more Signal and compositions thereof to the soil which will be planted to a non-legume crop, resulting in increased yield and/or improved seed germination, and/or increased stand density, andlor earlier emergence, and/or improved plant vigour, and/or improved plant growth; including but not limited to:
where the non-legume is grown for use in agriculture, horticulture, silviculture, or gardening;
where the non-legume is sown into land that had previously been sown to a legume crop or has an indigenous population of rhizobia;
where the non-legume is sown into land that had not previously been sown to a legume crop;
where the Signal is applied with an agriculturally acceptable carrier such as, but not limited to, water, seed treatments, inoculants, herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, fertilizers, growth promoters, or horticultural media;
where the soil to be planted to the non-legume crop has been pre-treated with a specific symbiotic rhizobia or has an indigenous population of rhizobia;
where the seed has been treated with a specific symbiotic rhizobia;
One or more Signal and composition thereof to a legume seed, resulting in increased yield and/or improved seed germination, and/or increased stand density, and/or earlier emergence, and/or improved plant vigour, and/or improved plant growth; including but not limited to:
where the legume seed includes but is not limited to a seed, tuber, transplant, or vegetative cutting;
where the legume is grown for use in agriculture, horticulture, silviculture, or gardening;
where the legume is sown into land that had previously been sown to a legume crop or has an indigenous population of rhizobia;
where the legume is sown into land that had not previously been sown to a legume crop;
where the non-legume is grown for use in agriculture, horticulture, silviculture, or gardening;
where the non-legume is sown into land that had previously been sown to a legume crop or has an indigenous population of rhizobia;
where the non-legume is sown into land that had not previously been sown to a legume crop;
where the Signal is applied with an agriculturally acceptable carrier such as, but not limited to, water, seed treatments, inoculants, herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, fertilizers, growth promoters, or horticultural media;
where the soil to be planted to the non-legume crop has been pre-treated with a specific symbiotic rhizobia or has an indigenous population of rhizobia;
where the seed has been treated with a specific symbiotic rhizobia;
One or more Signal and composition thereof to a legume seed, resulting in increased yield and/or improved seed germination, and/or increased stand density, and/or earlier emergence, and/or improved plant vigour, and/or improved plant growth; including but not limited to:
where the legume seed includes but is not limited to a seed, tuber, transplant, or vegetative cutting;
where the legume is grown for use in agriculture, horticulture, silviculture, or gardening;
where the legume is sown into land that had previously been sown to a legume crop or has an indigenous population of rhizobia;
where the legume is sown into land that had not previously been sown to a legume crop;
where the Signal is applied to the legume crop up to 270 days in advance of planting;
where the Signal is applied with an agriculturally acceptable carrier such as, but not limited to, water, seed treatments, inoculants, herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, fertilizers, growth promoters, or horticultural media;
where the soil to be planted to the legume crop has been pre-treated with a specific symbiotic rhizobia or has an indigenous population of rhizobia;
where the seed has been treated with a specific symbiotic rhizobia;
One or more Signal and compositions thereof to the soil, which will be planted to a legume crop, resulting in increased yield and/or improved seed germination, and/or increased stand density, and/or earlier emergence, and/or improved plant vigour, and/or improved plant growth, including but not limited to:
where the legume is grown for use in agriculture, horticulture, silviculture, or gardening;
where the legume is sown into land that had previously been sown to a legume crop or has an indigenous population of rhizobia;
where the legume is sown into land that had not previously been sown to a legume crop;
where the Signal is applied with an agriculturally acceptable carrier such as, but not limited to, water, seed treatments, inoculants, herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, fertilizers, growth promoter, or horticultural media;
where the soil to be planted to the legume crop has been pre-treated with a specific symbiotic rhizobia or has an indigenous population of rhizobia;
where the seed has been treated with a specific symbiotic rhizobia;
where the Signal is applied with an agriculturally acceptable carrier such as, but not limited to, water, seed treatments, inoculants, herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, fertilizers, growth promoters, or horticultural media;
where the soil to be planted to the legume crop has been pre-treated with a specific symbiotic rhizobia or has an indigenous population of rhizobia;
where the seed has been treated with a specific symbiotic rhizobia;
One or more Signal and compositions thereof to the soil, which will be planted to a legume crop, resulting in increased yield and/or improved seed germination, and/or increased stand density, and/or earlier emergence, and/or improved plant vigour, and/or improved plant growth, including but not limited to:
where the legume is grown for use in agriculture, horticulture, silviculture, or gardening;
where the legume is sown into land that had previously been sown to a legume crop or has an indigenous population of rhizobia;
where the legume is sown into land that had not previously been sown to a legume crop;
where the Signal is applied with an agriculturally acceptable carrier such as, but not limited to, water, seed treatments, inoculants, herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, fertilizers, growth promoter, or horticultural media;
where the soil to be planted to the legume crop has been pre-treated with a specific symbiotic rhizobia or has an indigenous population of rhizobia;
where the seed has been treated with a specific symbiotic rhizobia;
Seedling growth-stimulant -- A Seed application of soybean isoflavonoid signals In intercropping, the response of the non-legume crop may be explained as in fact due to the LCOs produced by the legume (bean) plants migrating to the roots of the non-legume and initiating a growth response in that crop. This is a reasonable assumption with present knowledge.
In view of knowledge of agriculture, of soybeans and soybean crop rotations with corn and of Peas in rotation with wheat, of legume isoflavonoid signals which induce increased nodulation through increased LCO production by the rhizobial cells, of manufacture and application of soybean and pea rhizobial seed-inoculants and the persistence of the rhizobia in soil, the present inventors have considered the application of soybean and other isoflavonoid signal in agriculturally effective and useful amounts to corn seed and other legume and non-legume species, including crop and horticultural varieties, including for transplanting, to cause the inducement of LCO
production by the indigenous rhizobial population in the soil and that this LCO
might lead to increased growth at the seedling stage when the young plants are being established and the other desirable effects all as aforesaid.
This concept was then broadened to encompass horticultural crops where the seeding and potting mix could be seeded with a level of Bradyrhizobium (for Soybeans) or of other Rhizobium species provided they were capable of inducement by their appropriate isoflavonoid signals to produce meaningful levels of LCO at the seedling roots where it could act as a growth stimulant to non-leguminous bedding plants and horticultural crops.
This was tested.
(1 ) Corn growth stimulation.
In view of knowledge of agriculture, of soybeans and soybean crop rotations with corn and of Peas in rotation with wheat, of legume isoflavonoid signals which induce increased nodulation through increased LCO production by the rhizobial cells, of manufacture and application of soybean and pea rhizobial seed-inoculants and the persistence of the rhizobia in soil, the present inventors have considered the application of soybean and other isoflavonoid signal in agriculturally effective and useful amounts to corn seed and other legume and non-legume species, including crop and horticultural varieties, including for transplanting, to cause the inducement of LCO
production by the indigenous rhizobial population in the soil and that this LCO
might lead to increased growth at the seedling stage when the young plants are being established and the other desirable effects all as aforesaid.
This concept was then broadened to encompass horticultural crops where the seeding and potting mix could be seeded with a level of Bradyrhizobium (for Soybeans) or of other Rhizobium species provided they were capable of inducement by their appropriate isoflavonoid signals to produce meaningful levels of LCO at the seedling roots where it could act as a growth stimulant to non-leguminous bedding plants and horticultural crops.
This was tested.
(1 ) Corn growth stimulation.
7 _ Potting soil was seeded (inoculated) with sufficient Bradyrhizobium japonicum from a commercial soybean inoculant to attain 100,000 active cells per gram of soil, a level mid point to recognized rotational corn bean land where the soil population will be between 10,000 and 1,000,000 active bacterial cells per gram of soil.
Corn seed coated with various levels of the isoflavonoid inducer, genistein, were planted in this soil in pots in the greenhouse in such a way that germination could be determined as well as height differences from the untreated control over the first month of growth. The levels tested were 0, 50, 100, 200, 300 and 400 uM genistein solution applied at the rate of 0.3 m1 (300 ul) per 100 corn seeds, a normal application rate in agriculture.
Further batches of such treated seed were stored in a dry cool 22C
room for a period of up to 6 months and representative samples withdrawn monthly for retesting for germination and growth, thus determining the capacity of the concept for pre-treatment of seed from the previous harvest at harvest time. These studies continue and are being improved in methodology as they progress.
(2) Bedding Plant growth stimulation Potting mix was seeded with Bradyrhizobium japonicum at 500,000 and 5,000,000 active cells per ml of mix. Seeds of 8 different bedding plant varieties were sown in the seeded mix and genistein isoflavonoid inducer was applied to the rhizobia in a number of ways from coating the seeds to watering with the signal inducer.
The seeds were then assessed for germination either as increased amount or increased rate. The young seedlings were then assessed for growth as measured by height for a number of weeks while in the seedling trays.
Data List Table/Fig Crop/parameter Location/year Planted time number Table 1 So bean/nodule Greenhouse Immediate) Table Z So beanlnodule Greenhouse One moth 2002 later Table 3 Corn/ wei t Greenhouse Immediate) Table 4 Corn/ wei t Greenhouse One moth 2002 later Fi . 1 So beam ernnination Greenhouse Immediate) Fi . 2 So an/ ermination Greenhouse One moth 2002 later Fi . 3 So bean/hei t Greenhouse Immediate) Fi . 4 Corn/ ermination Greenhouse Imnaediatel Fi . 5 Conn/hei t Greenhouse Immediate) Fi . b Corn/hei t Greenhouse One moth 2002 later Table 5 Corn/ 'eld MAC fie1d/2003Immediate) Table 6 So bean/ erminatio 'eld MAC fie1d/20035 weeks Table 7 So /nodulelbiomass MAC fie1d/20035 weeks Table 8 Peal enminationlnoduleJbiomass/MAC field/2003Immediate) 'eld Table 9 Soybean/yield 5 sites in Immediately Table 10 Wheat) ermination MAC fie1d12003Immediate) Table 11 Corn/germinafion 5 sites in Immediately Table 12 Soybean/germinafion/yield 2 sites of Immediately UoG12003 Table 1. Summary of Seed Coater treated soybean seed, planted immediately Cumulative weight and Number of nodules from 16 plants at 24 days Signal Nodule number Nodule Nodule weight Nodule # vs applied (uM) (g) control weight vs.
control 0 253 0.119 0 0 50 315 0.147 24.50% 23.84%
100 260 0.135 2.70% 13.65%
200 281 0.121 11.20% 1.50%
300 306 0.127 20.94% 6.99%
400 313 0.125 23.70% 5.64%
Notes, Greenhouse study conducted in 4" pots inoculated with Apex at 105 cells/g of greenhouse soil before planting, 8 pots per treatment. 100 gram of soybean seed was treated with 0.3 ml of each solution in a plastic bag. Treated seed was planted into pot immediately.
Conclusion, 1. All strengths of Seed Coater treated seed and planted immediately increased nodule number and weight.
2. 50 uM strength proved the best dose for both nodule number and weight when applied and planted immediately.
Table 2. Summary of soybean seed treated with Seed Coater treated 1 month in advance Cumulative weight and Number of nodules from 16 plants at 23 days Signal Nodule number Nodule weight Nodule # vs Nodule weight applied (uM) (g) control vs. control 0 336 0.18 0 0 SO 373 0.19 11.01% 7.22%
100 365 0.19 8.63% 3.33%
200 369 0.20 9.82% 11.67%
300 410 0.24 22.02% 33.89%
400 382 0.20 13.69% 13.33%
Notes, Greenhouse study conducted in 4" pots inoculated with inoculants at 105 cells/g of greenhouse soil before planting, 8 pots per treatment. 100 gram of soybean seed was treated with 0.3 ml of each solution in a plastic bag. Treated seed was stored at room temperature for 30 days.
Conclusions 1. All strengths of Seed Coater increased nodule number and nodule weight when applied 30 days in advance 2. 300 uM strength was the best dose for both nodule number and weight.
3. Application of Seed Coater 30 days in advance required a higher dose (300 uM) than when applied and sown immediately (50 uM).
Table 3 Effect of Seed Coater dose on corn plant dry weight in greenhouse study (Planted immediately after treatment) Treatment Dry weight (gram) Increased over control 0.0 uM 0.8367 50 uM 0,9024 7.8%
100 uM 0.8987 7.4%
200 uM 0.9501 13.5%
300 uM 0.9672 15.6%
400 uM 0.9299 11.1 Notes;
1. Inoculated Bradyrhizoliium japonicum at 105 cfu/ml in soil 2. Plant at time zero (Table 3) or 1 month later (Table 4) 3. 2 plants/pot and 8 pots/treatment 4. Greenhouse temperature over 30C for a few days in April, which affected plant growing in the greenhouse (Table 4) so that plants got bigger compared to plants in Table 3 5. Plants were harvested for biomass 31 days (Table 3) and 32 days (Table 4) after sowing Conclusion;
No difference in plant height was seen, but plant dry matter increased 7-15.6%
over control in 31 days after sowing Table 4. Effect of Seed Coater dose on plant dry weight in greenhouse study (planted 1 month after treatment) Treatment ry weight (gram) Increased over control D
0.0 uM _ 3.005_6 50 uM 3.2844 8.5%
100 uM 3.0650 1.8%
200 uM 3.6975 21.1 300 uM 3.2456 7.3%
400 uM 3.3781 11.3%
Conclusion;
All Seed Coater treatments increased both plant height and dry weight at 32 days after sowing, but dry weight increased up to 21 % at strengthen of 200 uM.
Table 5. Effect of Seed Coater dose on corn grain yield Treatments Harvested Wet GrainGrain Grain Yield Yield Wet Chain Yield (kgl2 (kg/ha) rows) (kg/2 rows)(kg/ha) 250uM 8.05 b 5963.0 6.53 b 4840.1 b b 400uM 9,63 a 7133.3 7.71 a 5713.6 a a 600uM 8.17 b 6051.9 6.50 b 4817.0 b b Untreated control7.63 b 5244.4 6.14 b 4546.4 b b Significant Yes Yes Yes Yes at 5%
Notes;
1. Treated seeds were stored at room temperature (20C) for one month before planting 2. Soil was seeded with inoculants at 1 e5/gram soil before planting 3. Seedling stand was examined 1 month after planting and data (not listed) showed that Seed Coater did not ai~ect seed emergence 1 month after treatment.
4. Corn grain was harvested from the two middle rows of each plot (13.5 M2) at MAC
farnn (Harvesting date: Oct 30, 2003, Seeding: May 23, 2003) 5. Grain yield corrected to dry weight by drying approx. 500 gramlplot at 60C
for days.
Conclusion:
1. All treatments of Seed Coater increased corn yield by 6%-25.6% aver control 2. 400 uM significantly increased both wet and dry yield Table 6. Effect of Seed Coater dose on soybean seed germination and final grain yield Treatments Germination % Yield ~$~) 200 pM one month 46.OOa 2102.19a 300 ~M one month 37.75b 1970.14 b 400 pM one month 42.OOab 2040.86 a Untreated Control 39.25b 1530.57 c Significance at Yes Yes 5lo Table 7. Effect of Seed Coater dose on soybean modulation and biomass Seed coaters Growin~~Stages V3 Blooming Nodule Nodule ~ Shoot Nodule Nodule Shoot Number/ Dry Weight Dry Number/ Dry WeightDry 5 plants(g)/ Weight 5 plants(g)J Weight 5 plants (g)/ 5 plants (g)/
5 plants 5 plants 200 wM one 122.8 0.2281 7.9 184 0.4994 21.70 month 300 ~tM one 96.5 0.2629 7.4 186 0.4994 23.56 month 400 pM one 121.8 0.2689 6.77 161 0.4304 19.64 month Untreated Control104.0 0.2012 5.21 164 0.4329 15.31 Significance No No No No No No at S%
Notes:
1. Experiment was conducted in MAC farm of McGill University in 2003 2. Seeds pre-treated by Seed Coater on 24/4/03 and stored at room temperature (20°C), and sown on May 30 (5 weeks).
3. Germination or stand % was examined on July 2, counting seedling in 2-meter long mw from two middle rows of each plot.
4. Soil was seeded with rhizobia at 105 cells/gram on May 30 just before planting 5. Soybean grain in whole plot was harvested by a combine on Oct.17, 2003 Conclusion:
There was:
1. Increased seed emergence by strength at 200 and 400 uM dosages, and statistically significant at 200 uM strength.
2. Significantly increased grain yield by all treatments 3. Increased modulation and biomass by all treatments, however, not statistically.
Table 8. Effect of Seed Coater on pea seed emergence, nodulation and yield under field conditions Treatment Stand % Nodule Nodule Mean 5 Shoots Bu/acre Increase Number Weight Nodule Dry in bu/ac on 5 (g) on plants Weight Weight plants ~mg~ (g) Control 95 217.75 0.2227 1.04b 8.81 26.Sb 0 50~M 93 265.75 0.2633 1.13ab 10.17 29.8a 3.3 IOOpM 98 287.75 0.2991 1.24ab 8.61 28.Oab 1.5 200EiM 91.25 196.25 0.2931 1.52a 10.14 29.6a 3.1 400pM 87.5 216.5 0.2585 1.20ab 9.01 29.4a 2.9 60pN.M 93 245.75 0.2970 1.33ab 9.02 28.3ab 1.8 Significant 5% NS NS NS Yes NS Yes Notes;
1. Experiment was conducted in MAC farm of McGill University in 2003 2. Make stock solution of Naringenin (70 mM) and Hesperetin (30 mM) with DMSO
and dilute to the strengths what you need for each seed treatment with water 3. Pea seed (cv. Delta) was treated and planed immediately in plots where was seeded with Rhizobia at 105 cellslgram of soil 4. Seed germination was examined on June 9, 2003 (sown on May 16, 2003) 5. Nodulation examined on June 27, 2003 by sampling 5 plants per plot 6. Pea was harvested was harvested on August 6, 2003 using a combine and grain was dried at 60°C for 3 days Conclusion;
1. There is no difference among treatments on germination rate of pea.
2. Seeds treated Seed Coater at 100E.r.M showed the maximum germination rate.
There is not significant difference compared to control 3. Seed Coater increased nodulation and biomass, but not significantly except for nodule size, 200 uM significantly improved mean nodule weight 4. Most treatments significantly increased pea grain yield up to 3 bu/ac.
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,.. 1 1 a btGv, rr Table 10. Effect of Seed Coater on spring wheat seed emergence (%) in field trial in MAC
farm of McGill University 2003 Replicates Treatments 1 2 3 4 Average Control 56 64 52 36 52b 100uM 68 72 60 64 66ab 200uM 60 72 80 64 69a 400uM 60 68 68 76 68a 600uM 80 60 80 48 67ab Notes;
1. 100 treated wheat seeds were planted in each plot of field immediately 2. Spring wheat seed was coated by chemicals 3. Emergence was examined in 4 weeks after sowing in field 4. The field trial was terminated because plots were damaged by animals at MAC
farm, and no yield data available from this trial.
Conclusion:
Seed Coater significantly improved wheat seed emergence at strength of 200-400 uM
Table 11. Corn_ Seed Treatments of PGPR and Seed Coater to MaximXL on Hybrid Seed Corn at 5 sites in USA. 2003 (% Field Emer~encel Treatments Indiana IllinoisIowa (1) Iowa Nebraska Average (2) ' MaximXL 86.88 86.07 76.79 58.21 84.29 78.448b MaximXL + 85:63 85 79.29 77.5 91.07 83.698a Seed coater Notes;
1. Corn Seed Coater 250 uM (liquid) directly applied to the seed at 3mUkg seed before sowing 2. Treated seeds by Seed Coater were sown immediately after treatment at 5 sites in USA
3. Chemical (fungicide) coated corn seed was used in this trial 4. The field trials were failed and Tryon Group did not submit any yield data Conclusions;
Seed Coater significantly improved com seed emergence in USA 2003 Table 12. Effect of Seed Coater on soybean stand and grain yield in field trials 2003 (the Universi of Guel h) Treatment Ptants /M _ Grain 'eld Huron Park Rid etown Huron Park Rid etown Untreated 21.2ab 56 1926a 3177ab control Seed Coater 22.23a 49 2026a 3227a Inocutant 19.8ab 53 1992a 2967c Inocutant 13.88b 47 1842b 3056bc Si cant LSDo,os NS LSDo,I LSDo,i Notes;
1. Immediately planted Seed Goater treated seed in repeat soybean lands 2. Soybean seed was treated with Seed Coater of 300 uM at 3m1lkg seeds Conclusion;
1. In general, Seed Coater did not negatively affect soybean seed emergence in the fields 2. Seed Coater increased soybean grain yield over other treatment and control, however, only significant increase at 10% over other inoculant treatment was found, but over untreated control.
Corn seed coated with various levels of the isoflavonoid inducer, genistein, were planted in this soil in pots in the greenhouse in such a way that germination could be determined as well as height differences from the untreated control over the first month of growth. The levels tested were 0, 50, 100, 200, 300 and 400 uM genistein solution applied at the rate of 0.3 m1 (300 ul) per 100 corn seeds, a normal application rate in agriculture.
Further batches of such treated seed were stored in a dry cool 22C
room for a period of up to 6 months and representative samples withdrawn monthly for retesting for germination and growth, thus determining the capacity of the concept for pre-treatment of seed from the previous harvest at harvest time. These studies continue and are being improved in methodology as they progress.
(2) Bedding Plant growth stimulation Potting mix was seeded with Bradyrhizobium japonicum at 500,000 and 5,000,000 active cells per ml of mix. Seeds of 8 different bedding plant varieties were sown in the seeded mix and genistein isoflavonoid inducer was applied to the rhizobia in a number of ways from coating the seeds to watering with the signal inducer.
The seeds were then assessed for germination either as increased amount or increased rate. The young seedlings were then assessed for growth as measured by height for a number of weeks while in the seedling trays.
Data List Table/Fig Crop/parameter Location/year Planted time number Table 1 So bean/nodule Greenhouse Immediate) Table Z So beanlnodule Greenhouse One moth 2002 later Table 3 Corn/ wei t Greenhouse Immediate) Table 4 Corn/ wei t Greenhouse One moth 2002 later Fi . 1 So beam ernnination Greenhouse Immediate) Fi . 2 So an/ ermination Greenhouse One moth 2002 later Fi . 3 So bean/hei t Greenhouse Immediate) Fi . 4 Corn/ ermination Greenhouse Imnaediatel Fi . 5 Conn/hei t Greenhouse Immediate) Fi . b Corn/hei t Greenhouse One moth 2002 later Table 5 Corn/ 'eld MAC fie1d/2003Immediate) Table 6 So bean/ erminatio 'eld MAC fie1d/20035 weeks Table 7 So /nodulelbiomass MAC fie1d/20035 weeks Table 8 Peal enminationlnoduleJbiomass/MAC field/2003Immediate) 'eld Table 9 Soybean/yield 5 sites in Immediately Table 10 Wheat) ermination MAC fie1d12003Immediate) Table 11 Corn/germinafion 5 sites in Immediately Table 12 Soybean/germinafion/yield 2 sites of Immediately UoG12003 Table 1. Summary of Seed Coater treated soybean seed, planted immediately Cumulative weight and Number of nodules from 16 plants at 24 days Signal Nodule number Nodule Nodule weight Nodule # vs applied (uM) (g) control weight vs.
control 0 253 0.119 0 0 50 315 0.147 24.50% 23.84%
100 260 0.135 2.70% 13.65%
200 281 0.121 11.20% 1.50%
300 306 0.127 20.94% 6.99%
400 313 0.125 23.70% 5.64%
Notes, Greenhouse study conducted in 4" pots inoculated with Apex at 105 cells/g of greenhouse soil before planting, 8 pots per treatment. 100 gram of soybean seed was treated with 0.3 ml of each solution in a plastic bag. Treated seed was planted into pot immediately.
Conclusion, 1. All strengths of Seed Coater treated seed and planted immediately increased nodule number and weight.
2. 50 uM strength proved the best dose for both nodule number and weight when applied and planted immediately.
Table 2. Summary of soybean seed treated with Seed Coater treated 1 month in advance Cumulative weight and Number of nodules from 16 plants at 23 days Signal Nodule number Nodule weight Nodule # vs Nodule weight applied (uM) (g) control vs. control 0 336 0.18 0 0 SO 373 0.19 11.01% 7.22%
100 365 0.19 8.63% 3.33%
200 369 0.20 9.82% 11.67%
300 410 0.24 22.02% 33.89%
400 382 0.20 13.69% 13.33%
Notes, Greenhouse study conducted in 4" pots inoculated with inoculants at 105 cells/g of greenhouse soil before planting, 8 pots per treatment. 100 gram of soybean seed was treated with 0.3 ml of each solution in a plastic bag. Treated seed was stored at room temperature for 30 days.
Conclusions 1. All strengths of Seed Coater increased nodule number and nodule weight when applied 30 days in advance 2. 300 uM strength was the best dose for both nodule number and weight.
3. Application of Seed Coater 30 days in advance required a higher dose (300 uM) than when applied and sown immediately (50 uM).
Table 3 Effect of Seed Coater dose on corn plant dry weight in greenhouse study (Planted immediately after treatment) Treatment Dry weight (gram) Increased over control 0.0 uM 0.8367 50 uM 0,9024 7.8%
100 uM 0.8987 7.4%
200 uM 0.9501 13.5%
300 uM 0.9672 15.6%
400 uM 0.9299 11.1 Notes;
1. Inoculated Bradyrhizoliium japonicum at 105 cfu/ml in soil 2. Plant at time zero (Table 3) or 1 month later (Table 4) 3. 2 plants/pot and 8 pots/treatment 4. Greenhouse temperature over 30C for a few days in April, which affected plant growing in the greenhouse (Table 4) so that plants got bigger compared to plants in Table 3 5. Plants were harvested for biomass 31 days (Table 3) and 32 days (Table 4) after sowing Conclusion;
No difference in plant height was seen, but plant dry matter increased 7-15.6%
over control in 31 days after sowing Table 4. Effect of Seed Coater dose on plant dry weight in greenhouse study (planted 1 month after treatment) Treatment ry weight (gram) Increased over control D
0.0 uM _ 3.005_6 50 uM 3.2844 8.5%
100 uM 3.0650 1.8%
200 uM 3.6975 21.1 300 uM 3.2456 7.3%
400 uM 3.3781 11.3%
Conclusion;
All Seed Coater treatments increased both plant height and dry weight at 32 days after sowing, but dry weight increased up to 21 % at strengthen of 200 uM.
Table 5. Effect of Seed Coater dose on corn grain yield Treatments Harvested Wet GrainGrain Grain Yield Yield Wet Chain Yield (kgl2 (kg/ha) rows) (kg/2 rows)(kg/ha) 250uM 8.05 b 5963.0 6.53 b 4840.1 b b 400uM 9,63 a 7133.3 7.71 a 5713.6 a a 600uM 8.17 b 6051.9 6.50 b 4817.0 b b Untreated control7.63 b 5244.4 6.14 b 4546.4 b b Significant Yes Yes Yes Yes at 5%
Notes;
1. Treated seeds were stored at room temperature (20C) for one month before planting 2. Soil was seeded with inoculants at 1 e5/gram soil before planting 3. Seedling stand was examined 1 month after planting and data (not listed) showed that Seed Coater did not ai~ect seed emergence 1 month after treatment.
4. Corn grain was harvested from the two middle rows of each plot (13.5 M2) at MAC
farnn (Harvesting date: Oct 30, 2003, Seeding: May 23, 2003) 5. Grain yield corrected to dry weight by drying approx. 500 gramlplot at 60C
for days.
Conclusion:
1. All treatments of Seed Coater increased corn yield by 6%-25.6% aver control 2. 400 uM significantly increased both wet and dry yield Table 6. Effect of Seed Coater dose on soybean seed germination and final grain yield Treatments Germination % Yield ~$~) 200 pM one month 46.OOa 2102.19a 300 ~M one month 37.75b 1970.14 b 400 pM one month 42.OOab 2040.86 a Untreated Control 39.25b 1530.57 c Significance at Yes Yes 5lo Table 7. Effect of Seed Coater dose on soybean modulation and biomass Seed coaters Growin~~Stages V3 Blooming Nodule Nodule ~ Shoot Nodule Nodule Shoot Number/ Dry Weight Dry Number/ Dry WeightDry 5 plants(g)/ Weight 5 plants(g)J Weight 5 plants (g)/ 5 plants (g)/
5 plants 5 plants 200 wM one 122.8 0.2281 7.9 184 0.4994 21.70 month 300 ~tM one 96.5 0.2629 7.4 186 0.4994 23.56 month 400 pM one 121.8 0.2689 6.77 161 0.4304 19.64 month Untreated Control104.0 0.2012 5.21 164 0.4329 15.31 Significance No No No No No No at S%
Notes:
1. Experiment was conducted in MAC farm of McGill University in 2003 2. Seeds pre-treated by Seed Coater on 24/4/03 and stored at room temperature (20°C), and sown on May 30 (5 weeks).
3. Germination or stand % was examined on July 2, counting seedling in 2-meter long mw from two middle rows of each plot.
4. Soil was seeded with rhizobia at 105 cells/gram on May 30 just before planting 5. Soybean grain in whole plot was harvested by a combine on Oct.17, 2003 Conclusion:
There was:
1. Increased seed emergence by strength at 200 and 400 uM dosages, and statistically significant at 200 uM strength.
2. Significantly increased grain yield by all treatments 3. Increased modulation and biomass by all treatments, however, not statistically.
Table 8. Effect of Seed Coater on pea seed emergence, nodulation and yield under field conditions Treatment Stand % Nodule Nodule Mean 5 Shoots Bu/acre Increase Number Weight Nodule Dry in bu/ac on 5 (g) on plants Weight Weight plants ~mg~ (g) Control 95 217.75 0.2227 1.04b 8.81 26.Sb 0 50~M 93 265.75 0.2633 1.13ab 10.17 29.8a 3.3 IOOpM 98 287.75 0.2991 1.24ab 8.61 28.Oab 1.5 200EiM 91.25 196.25 0.2931 1.52a 10.14 29.6a 3.1 400pM 87.5 216.5 0.2585 1.20ab 9.01 29.4a 2.9 60pN.M 93 245.75 0.2970 1.33ab 9.02 28.3ab 1.8 Significant 5% NS NS NS Yes NS Yes Notes;
1. Experiment was conducted in MAC farm of McGill University in 2003 2. Make stock solution of Naringenin (70 mM) and Hesperetin (30 mM) with DMSO
and dilute to the strengths what you need for each seed treatment with water 3. Pea seed (cv. Delta) was treated and planed immediately in plots where was seeded with Rhizobia at 105 cellslgram of soil 4. Seed germination was examined on June 9, 2003 (sown on May 16, 2003) 5. Nodulation examined on June 27, 2003 by sampling 5 plants per plot 6. Pea was harvested was harvested on August 6, 2003 using a combine and grain was dried at 60°C for 3 days Conclusion;
1. There is no difference among treatments on germination rate of pea.
2. Seeds treated Seed Coater at 100E.r.M showed the maximum germination rate.
There is not significant difference compared to control 3. Seed Coater increased nodulation and biomass, but not significantly except for nodule size, 200 uM significantly improved mean nodule weight 4. Most treatments significantly increased pea grain yield up to 3 bu/ac.
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,.. 1 1 a btGv, rr Table 10. Effect of Seed Coater on spring wheat seed emergence (%) in field trial in MAC
farm of McGill University 2003 Replicates Treatments 1 2 3 4 Average Control 56 64 52 36 52b 100uM 68 72 60 64 66ab 200uM 60 72 80 64 69a 400uM 60 68 68 76 68a 600uM 80 60 80 48 67ab Notes;
1. 100 treated wheat seeds were planted in each plot of field immediately 2. Spring wheat seed was coated by chemicals 3. Emergence was examined in 4 weeks after sowing in field 4. The field trial was terminated because plots were damaged by animals at MAC
farm, and no yield data available from this trial.
Conclusion:
Seed Coater significantly improved wheat seed emergence at strength of 200-400 uM
Table 11. Corn_ Seed Treatments of PGPR and Seed Coater to MaximXL on Hybrid Seed Corn at 5 sites in USA. 2003 (% Field Emer~encel Treatments Indiana IllinoisIowa (1) Iowa Nebraska Average (2) ' MaximXL 86.88 86.07 76.79 58.21 84.29 78.448b MaximXL + 85:63 85 79.29 77.5 91.07 83.698a Seed coater Notes;
1. Corn Seed Coater 250 uM (liquid) directly applied to the seed at 3mUkg seed before sowing 2. Treated seeds by Seed Coater were sown immediately after treatment at 5 sites in USA
3. Chemical (fungicide) coated corn seed was used in this trial 4. The field trials were failed and Tryon Group did not submit any yield data Conclusions;
Seed Coater significantly improved com seed emergence in USA 2003 Table 12. Effect of Seed Coater on soybean stand and grain yield in field trials 2003 (the Universi of Guel h) Treatment Ptants /M _ Grain 'eld Huron Park Rid etown Huron Park Rid etown Untreated 21.2ab 56 1926a 3177ab control Seed Coater 22.23a 49 2026a 3227a Inocutant 19.8ab 53 1992a 2967c Inocutant 13.88b 47 1842b 3056bc Si cant LSDo,os NS LSDo,I LSDo,i Notes;
1. Immediately planted Seed Goater treated seed in repeat soybean lands 2. Soybean seed was treated with Seed Coater of 300 uM at 3m1lkg seeds Conclusion;
1. In general, Seed Coater did not negatively affect soybean seed emergence in the fields 2. Seed Coater increased soybean grain yield over other treatment and control, however, only significant increase at 10% over other inoculant treatment was found, but over untreated control.
Claims (32)
1. The use of one or more Signal or an agricultural composition thereof to increase yield and/or improve seed germination, and/or increase stand density, and/or result in earlier emergence, and/or improve plant vigour, and/or improve plant growth, and/or increase biomass, and/or result in earlier fruiting in a non-legume plant or crop thereof, by applications to said plant or crop.
2. The use as in Claim 1 where the non-legume plant or crop thereof is a seed, tuber, transplant, or vegetative cutting.
3. The use as in Claim 1 or 2 where the non-legume is grown for use in agriculture, horticulture, silviculture, or gardening.
4. The use as in any one of Claim 1 to 3 above, where the non-legume is sown into land that had previously been sown to a legume crop, or which has an indigenous population of rhizobia.
5. The use as in any one of Claims 1 to 3 above, where the non-legume is sown into land not previously sown to a legume crop.
6. The use as in any one of Claims 1 to 5 above, where the Signal is applied up to 365 days in advance of planting.
7. The use as in any one of Claims 1 to 6 above, where the one or more Signal is applied with an agriculturally acceptable carrier, comprising one or more selected from the group of water, seed treatments, inoculants, herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, fertilizers, growth promoters, and horticultural media.
8. The use as in any one of Claims 1 to 7 above, where the soil to be planted to the non-legume crop has been pre-treated with a specific symbiotic rhizobia or has an indigenous population of rhizobia.
9. The use as in any one of Claims 1 to 8 where the non-legume has been treated with a specific symbiotic rhizobia.
10.The application of one or more Signal or agricultural composition thereof to soil which will be planted to a non-legume plant or crop, to increase yield and/or improve seed germination, and/or increase stand density, and/or increase biomass, and/or result in earlier emergence, and/or result in earlier fruiting, and/or improve plant vigour, and/or improve plant growth, in said plant or crop.
11.The application as in Claim 10 where the non-legume is grown for use in agriculture, horticulture, silviculture, or gardening
12.The application as in Claims 10 or 11 where the non-legume is sown into land that had previously been sown to a legume crop or has an indigenous population of rhizobia
13.The application as in any one of Claims 10 or 11 where the non-legume is sown into land that had not previously been sown to a legume crop.
14.The application as in any one of Claims 10 to 13, where the Signal is applied with an agriculturally acceptable carrier comprising any one or more selected from water, seed treatments, inoculants, herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, fertilizers, growth promoters, and horticultural media.
15.The application as in any one of Claims 10 to 14 where the soil to be planted to the non-legume crop has been pre-treated with one or more symbiotic rhizobia or has an indigenous population of rhizobia.
16.The application as in any one of Claims 10 to 15 where the plant or crop has been treated with one or more symbiotic rhizobia.
17.The use of one or mare Signal or agricultural composition thereof to increase yield and/or improve seed germination, and/or increase stand density, and/or increase biomass, and/or result in earlier emergence, and/or result in earlier fruiting, and/or improve plant vigour, and/or improve plant growth, and/or increase nodule number, and/or increased nodule weight, in a legume plant or crop thereof, by application to said plant or crop.
18.The use as in Claim 17 where the legume is a seed, tuber, transplant, or vegetative cutting.
19.The use as in Claim 17 or 18 where the legume is grown for use in agriculture, horticulture, silviculture, or gardening
20.The use as in any one of Claims 17 to 19 where the legume is sown into land that had previously been sown to a legume crop or has an indigenous population of rhizobia.
21.The use as in any one of Claims 17 to 19 where the legume is sown into land that had not previously been sown to a legume crop.
22.The use as in any one of Claims 17 to 21 where the Signal is applied up to 365 days in advance of planting.
23.The use as in any one of Claims 17 to 22 where the Signal is applied with an agriculturally acceptable carrier comprising one or more selected from water, seed treatments, inoculants, herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, fertilizers, growth promoters, or horticultural media.
24.The use as in any one of Claims 17 to 23 where the soil to be planted to the legume crop has been pre-treated with one or more symbiotic rhizobia or has an indigenous population of rhizobia.
25.The use as in any one of Claims 17 to 24 where the plant or crop has been treated with one or more specific symbiotic rhizobia.
26.The application of one or more Signal or agricultural composition thereof to soil, which will be planted to a legume plant or crop, to increase yield and/or improve seed germination, and/or increase stand density, and/or earlier emergence, and/or improve plant vigour, and/or improve plant growth, and/or increase nodule number, and/or increase nodule weight, and/or increase biomass, and/or result in earlier fruiting in said plant or crop.
27.The application as in Claim 26 where the legume is grown for use in agriculture, horticulture, silviculture, or gardening.
28.The application as in Claims 26 or 27 where the legume is sown into land that had previously been sown to a legume crop or has an indigenous population of rhizobia.
29.The application as in Claims 26 or 27 where the legume is sown into land that had not previously been sown to a legume crop
30.The application as in any one of Claims 26 to 29 where the Signal is applied with an agriculturally acceptable carrier comprising one or more selected from water, seed treatments, inoculants, herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, fertilizers, growth promoter, or horticultural media.
31.The application as in any one of Claim 26 to 30 where the soil to be planted to the legume crop has been pre-treated with one or more symbiotic rhizobia or has an indigenous population of rhizobia.
22~
22~
32. The application as in any one of Claims 26 to 31 where the plant or crop has been treated with one or more symbiotic rhizobia.
Priority Applications (18)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002461261A CA2461261A1 (en) | 2004-03-18 | 2004-03-18 | Isoflavonoid compounds and use thereof |
| CA002470669A CA2470669A1 (en) | 2004-03-18 | 2004-06-17 | Isoflavonoid compounds and use thereof |
| ZA200609075A ZA200609075B (en) | 2004-03-18 | 2005-03-18 | Isoflavonoid compounds and use thereof |
| DK05714657.3T DK1755392T3 (en) | 2004-03-18 | 2005-03-18 | Isoflavonoidforbindelser and use thereof. |
| EA200601860A EA014817B1 (en) | 2004-03-18 | 2005-03-18 | Isoflavonoid compounds and use thereof |
| CN2013101032575A CN103271033A (en) | 2004-03-18 | 2005-03-18 | Isoflavonoid compounds and use thereof |
| US11/919,886 US10117432B2 (en) | 2004-03-18 | 2005-03-18 | Isoflavonoid compounds and use thereof |
| EP05714657.3A EP1755392B1 (en) | 2004-03-18 | 2005-03-18 | Isoflavonoid compounds and use thereof |
| EP15174192.3A EP2949215A1 (en) | 2004-03-18 | 2005-03-18 | Isoflavonoid compounds and use thereof |
| HUE05714657A HUE025718T2 (en) | 2004-03-18 | 2005-03-18 | Isoflavonoid compounds and use thereof |
| UAA200703626A UA95599C2 (en) | 2004-03-18 | 2005-03-18 | Flavonoid compounds and using thereof |
| AU2005220607A AU2005220607B2 (en) | 2004-03-18 | 2005-03-18 | Isoflavonoid compounds and use thereof |
| PCT/CA2005/000424 WO2005087005A1 (en) | 2004-03-18 | 2005-03-18 | Isoflavonoid compounds and use thereof |
| CNA2005800159125A CN101115390A (en) | 2004-03-18 | 2005-03-18 | Isoflavonoid compounds and use thereof |
| ES05714657.3T ES2547924T3 (en) | 2004-03-18 | 2005-03-18 | Isoflavonoid compounds and their use |
| CA2565153A CA2565153C (en) | 2004-03-18 | 2005-03-18 | Flavonoid compounds and use thereof |
| PL05714657T PL1755392T3 (en) | 2004-03-18 | 2005-03-18 | Isoflavonoid compounds and use thereof |
| US16/137,726 US11800868B2 (en) | 2004-03-18 | 2018-09-21 | Isoflavonoid compounds and use thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CA002461261A Abandoned CA2461261A1 (en) | 2004-03-18 | 2004-03-18 | Isoflavonoid compounds and use thereof |
| CA002470669A Abandoned CA2470669A1 (en) | 2004-03-18 | 2004-06-17 | Isoflavonoid compounds and use thereof |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002470669A Abandoned CA2470669A1 (en) | 2004-03-18 | 2004-06-17 | Isoflavonoid compounds and use thereof |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101115390A (en) |
| CA (2) | CA2461261A1 (en) |
| HU (1) | HUE025718T2 (en) |
| UA (1) | UA95599C2 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200609075B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9049814B2 (en) | 2007-02-23 | 2015-06-09 | Vamtech, Llc | Coated seeds and methods of making coated seeds |
| EP3072384A1 (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2016-09-28 | Jouffray Drillaud | Method for growing annual crops on a plot |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009124707A2 (en) * | 2008-04-07 | 2009-10-15 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Combinations of biological control agents and insecticides or fungicides |
| CA3174662A1 (en) * | 2011-09-08 | 2013-03-14 | Novozymes Bioag A/S | Seed treatment methods and compositions |
| CN106045588A (en) | 2011-09-14 | 2016-10-26 | 诺维信生物农业公司 | Use of lipochito-oligosaccharides and/or chito oligosaccharides in combination with phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms to enhance plant growth |
| US8946119B2 (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2015-02-03 | Novozymes Bioag A/S | Chitooligosaccharides and methods for use in enhancing soybean growth |
-
2004
- 2004-03-18 CA CA002461261A patent/CA2461261A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-06-17 CA CA002470669A patent/CA2470669A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2005
- 2005-03-18 UA UAA200703626A patent/UA95599C2/en unknown
- 2005-03-18 CN CNA2005800159125A patent/CN101115390A/en active Pending
- 2005-03-18 ZA ZA200609075A patent/ZA200609075B/en unknown
- 2005-03-18 HU HUE05714657A patent/HUE025718T2/en unknown
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9049814B2 (en) | 2007-02-23 | 2015-06-09 | Vamtech, Llc | Coated seeds and methods of making coated seeds |
| EP3072384A1 (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2016-09-28 | Jouffray Drillaud | Method for growing annual crops on a plot |
| FR3033978A1 (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2016-09-30 | Jouffray Drillaud | METHOD FOR CULTIVATION ON A PLOT OF ANNUAL CULTIVATION PLANTS, ADVANTAGESALLY A CULTIVATION OF SALES OR A CULTURE OF PENSION |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101115390A (en) | 2008-01-30 |
| HUE025718T2 (en) | 2016-04-28 |
| CA2470669A1 (en) | 2005-09-18 |
| UA95599C2 (en) | 2011-08-25 |
| ZA200609075B (en) | 2008-02-27 |
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