CA2417917C - Systems and methods for providing information concerning chromophores in physiological media - Google Patents
Systems and methods for providing information concerning chromophores in physiological media Download PDFInfo
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- CA2417917C CA2417917C CA2417917A CA2417917A CA2417917C CA 2417917 C CA2417917 C CA 2417917C CA 2417917 A CA2417917 A CA 2417917A CA 2417917 A CA2417917 A CA 2417917A CA 2417917 C CA2417917 C CA 2417917C
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract 14
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract 71
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 70
- 102000001554 Hemoglobins Human genes 0.000 claims abstract 24
- 108010054147 Hemoglobins Proteins 0.000 claims abstract 24
- INGWEZCOABYORO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(furan-2-yl)-7-methyl-1h-1,8-naphthyridin-4-one Chemical compound N=1C2=NC(C)=CC=C2C(O)=CC=1C1=CC=CO1 INGWEZCOABYORO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 19
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract 14
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000012634 optical imaging Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/14546—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring analytes not otherwise provided for, e.g. ions, cytochromes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
- A61B5/14551—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters for measuring blood gases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
- A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
- A61B2562/0233—Special features of optical sensors or probes classified in A61B5/00
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
- A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
- A61B2562/0233—Special features of optical sensors or probes classified in A61B5/00
- A61B2562/0242—Special features of optical sensors or probes classified in A61B5/00 for varying or adjusting the optical path length in the tissue
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
- A61B2562/04—Arrangements of multiple sensors of the same type
- A61B2562/043—Arrangements of multiple sensors of the same type in a linear array
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
- A61B2562/04—Arrangements of multiple sensors of the same type
- A61B2562/046—Arrangements of multiple sensors of the same type in a matrix array
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
- A61B5/14551—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters for measuring blood gases
- A61B5/14552—Details of sensors specially adapted therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
- A61B5/14551—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters for measuring blood gases
- A61B5/14553—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters for measuring blood gases specially adapted for cerebral tissue
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/41—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the immune or lymphatic systems
- A61B5/413—Monitoring transplanted tissue or organ, e.g. for possible rejection reactions after a transplant
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/314—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry with comparison of measurements at specific and non-specific wavelengths
- G01N2021/3144—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry with comparison of measurements at specific and non-specific wavelengths for oxymetry
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/359—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using near infrared light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention generally relates to systems and methods for providing information about chromophores in physiological media. More particularly, the invention relates to non-invasive systems and methods for determining absolute values of oxygenated and/or deoxygenated hemoglobins and their ratios in a physiological medium. The system generally includes a portable probe having a source module (122) for irradiating into the medium electromagnetic radiation, a detector module (124) detecting radiation from a target area in the medium, and a processing module (140) determining the absolute values of the chromophore concentrations and the ratios thereof based on input and output parameters of the source and detector modules. In one aspect, the invention provides a solution for unknown parameters of the chromophores in a medium using a novel processing algorithm. In another aspect, the invention concerns a portable unit for performing the requisite measurements, which unit includes a movable member having one or more radiation sources and one or more radiation detectors, and an actuator designed to cause the member to move along predetermined curvilinear paths. Properties of the chromophores are measured for individual voxels defined along each motion path, and/or cross-voxels defined at the intersection of voxels along different motion paths.
These measured values are then used in a preferred embodiment to generate two-or three-dimensional images of the distribution of chromophores or their properties. In other aspects, the invention includes various patterns for the optimal distribution of sources and detectors for the optical probe, and self-calibrating operation of the probe substantially in real-time.
These measured values are then used in a preferred embodiment to generate two-or three-dimensional images of the distribution of chromophores or their properties. In other aspects, the invention includes various patterns for the optimal distribution of sources and detectors for the optical probe, and self-calibrating operation of the probe substantially in real-time.
Claims (66)
1. An optical probe for an imaging system capable of generating images representing distribution of hemoglobins or their properties in target areas of a physiological medium, said optical probe having a plurality of wave sources and wave detectors, said wave sources configured to irradiate near-infrared electromagnetic radiation into the medium and said wave detectors configured to detect near-infrared electromagnetic radiation and to generate output signals in response thereto, said optical probe comprising:
a plurality of symmetrically disposed scanning units, each having a first wave source, a second wave source, a first wave detector, and a second wave detector, said first wave source disposed closer to said first wave detector than said second wave detector and said second wave source disposed closer to said second wave detector than said first wave detector, wherein a first near-distance between said first wave source and said first wave detector is substantially similar to a second near-distance between said second wave source and said second wave detector, wherein a first far-distance between said first wave source and said second wave detector is substantially similar to a second far-distance between said second wave source and said first wave detector, and wherein said first and second wave detectors are configured to generate output signals in response to near-infrared electromagnetic radiation irradiated by at least one of said first and second wave sources and detected thereby, said output signals representing optical interaction of said near-infrared electromagnetic radiation with said hemoglobins in said target areas of said medium.
a plurality of symmetrically disposed scanning units, each having a first wave source, a second wave source, a first wave detector, and a second wave detector, said first wave source disposed closer to said first wave detector than said second wave detector and said second wave source disposed closer to said second wave detector than said first wave detector, wherein a first near-distance between said first wave source and said first wave detector is substantially similar to a second near-distance between said second wave source and said second wave detector, wherein a first far-distance between said first wave source and said second wave detector is substantially similar to a second far-distance between said second wave source and said first wave detector, and wherein said first and second wave detectors are configured to generate output signals in response to near-infrared electromagnetic radiation irradiated by at least one of said first and second wave sources and detected thereby, said output signals representing optical interaction of said near-infrared electromagnetic radiation with said hemoglobins in said target areas of said medium.
2. The optical probe of claim 1, wherein said first and second near-distances are substantially similar.
3. The optical probe of claim 1, wherein said first and second far-distances are substantially similar.
4. The optical probe of claim 1, wherein at least one of said symmetric scanning units includes an axis of symmetry with respect to which said first and second wave sources are symmetrically disposed and with respect to which said first and second wave detectors are symmetrically disposed.
5. The optical probe of claim 4, wherein at least two of said symmetric scanning units include at least one of a common wave source and a common wave detector.
6. The optical probe of claim 4, wherein said first and second wave sources and said first and second wave detectors are substantially linearly disposed.
7. The optical probe of claim 6, wherein said first and second wave sources are interposed between said first and second wave detectors.
8. The optical probe of claim 6, wherein said first and second wave detectors are interposed between said first and second wave sources.
9. The optical probe of claim 6, wherein said near-distance is about one half of said far-distance.
10. The optical probe of claim 6, wherein said optical probe includes at least one first symmetric scanning unit and at least one second symmetric scanning unit, wherein said first and second scanning units share an axis of symmetry, wherein said first scanning unit has a first arrangement of said wave sources and wave detectors, and wherein said second scanning unit has said first arrangement of said wave sources and detectors and is disposed below said first scanning unit.
11. The optical probe of claim 10, wherein said second scanning unit is disposed immediately below said first scanning unit.
12. The optical probe of claim 6, having at least one first symmetric scanning unit and at least one second symmetric scanning unit, wherein said first and second scanning units share an axis of symmetry, wherein said first scanning unit has a first arrangement of said wave sources and wave detectors, and wherein said second scanning unit is disposed below said first scanning unit and has a second arrangement of said wave sources and wave detectors that is substantially reverse to said first arrangement.
13. The optical probe of claim 12, wherein said second scanning unit is disposed immediately below said first scanning unit.
14. The optical probe of claim 6, wherein said optical probe includes at least one first, second, third, and fourth symmetric scanning units each sharing an axis of symmetry with the others, wherein said first scanning unit has a first arrangement of said wave sources and wave detectors, wherein said second scanning unit is disposed immediately below said first scanning unit and has a second arrangement of said wave sources and wave detectors which is substantially reverse to said first arrangement, wherein said third scanning unit is disposed immediately below said second scanning unit and has said second arrangement, and wherein said fourth scanning unit is disposed immediately below said third scanning unit and has said first arrangement.
15. The optical probe of claim 14, wherein all of said symmetric scanning units have identical shapes and sizes and define a 4x4 source-detector arrangement wherein said wave sources and detectors of said symmetric scanning units are spaced at a uniform distance.
16. The optical probe of claim 15, wherein said 4x4 source-detector arrangement has a shape of a quadrangle which is one of a rectangle, a square, a parallelogram, and a diamond.
17. The optical probe of claim 4, wherein said first and second wave sources and said first and second wave detectors are arranged to form four vertices of a quadrangle, said first and second wave sources disposed at two upper vertices of said quadrangle, and said first and second wave detectors disposed at two lower vertices thereof.
18. The optical probe of claim 17, wherein said quadrangle is one of a trapezoid, rectangle, and square, said trapezoid having two opposing sides of equal lengths.
19. The optical probe of claim 17, wherein said optical probe includes at least one first symmetric scanning unit and at least one second symmetric scanning units, said first and second scanning units having different axes of symmetry, said first scanning unit having a first arrangement of said wave sources and detectors, and said second scanning unit disposed lateral to said first scanning unit and having said first arrangement.
20. The optical probe of claim 17, wherein said optical probe includes at least one first symmetric scanning unit and at least one second symmetric scanning units, said first and second scanning units having different axes of symmetry, said first scanning unit having a first arrangement of said wave sources and detectors, and said second scanning unit disposed lateral to said first scanning unit and having a second arrangement of said wave sources and detectors which is substantially reverse to said first arrangement.
21. The optical probe of claim 17, wherein said optical probe includes at least one first, second, third, and fourth symmetric scanning units, wherein said first scanning unit has a first arrangement of said wave sources and detectors, wherein said second scanning unit is disposed lateral to said first scanning unit and has a second arrangement of said wave sources and detectors which is substantially reverse to said first arrangement, wherein said third scanning unit is disposed immediately below said first scanning unit and has said second arrangement, and wherein said fourth scanning unit is disposed immediately below said second scanning unit and has said first arrangement.
22. The optical probe of claim 4, wherein a first set of said wave sources and detectors is substantially linearly disposed and wherein a second set of said wave sources and detectors is disposed to form four vertices of a quadrangle.
23. The optical probe of claim 22, wherein said first and second sets include at least one of a common wave source and a common wave detector.
24. The optical probe of claim 1, wherein at least one of said symmetric scanning units includes a point of symmetry with respect to which said first and second wave sources are symmetrically disposed and with respect to which said first and second wave detector are symmetrically disposed.
25. The optical probe of claim 24, wherein at least two of said symmetric scanning units include at least one of a common wave source and a common wave detector.
26. The optical probe of claim 24, wherein said first and second wave sources and said first and second wave detectors are substantially linearly disposed.
27. The optical probe of claim 24, wherein said first and second wave sources and said first and second wave detectors are disposed to form four vertices of a quadrangle, wherein said first wave source and detector are disposed at two upper vertices of said quadrangle, and wherein said second wave detector and source are disposed at two lower vertices thereof
28. The optical probe of claim 27, wherein said quadrangle is one of a rectangle and a parallelogram, said parallelogram having two sides of different lengths.
29. The optical probe of claim 1, wherein at least one of said symmetric scanning units includes at least one of a third wave source and a third wave detector.
30. The optical probe of claim 29, wherein at least one of said third wave source and detector is disposed in a substantially middle portion of said symmetric scanning unit.
31. The optical probe of claim 1, wherein at least two of said symmetric scanning units are arranged symmetrically with respect to a global axis of symmetry.
32. The optical probe of claim 31, wherein at least one of said symmetric scanning units is disposed immediately below the other of said symmetric scanning units.
33. The optical probe of claim 31, wherein at least two of said symmetric scanning units are substantially laterally arranged.
34. The optical probe of claim 1, wherein at least two of said symmetric scanning units are arranged symmetrically with respect to a global point of symmetry.
35. The optical probe of claim 34, wherein at least two of said symmetric scanning units are arranged substantially arcuately around said point of symmetry.
36. The optical probe of claim 34, wherein at least two of said symmetric scanning units are arranged substantially concentrically around said point of symmetry.
37. The optical probe of claim 1, wherein at least one of said wave sources is configured to irradiate multiple sets of electromagnetic radiation having different wave characteristics.
38. The optical probe of claim 1, wherein at least one of said wave detectors is configured to detect a plurality of sets of electromagnetic waves having different wave characteristics.
39. The optical probe of claim 1, wherein one of said wave sources is arranged to irradiate electromagnetic waves while at least one of said wave sources is not irradiating electromagnetic waves.
40. The optical probe of claim 1, wherein said electromagnetic radiation is at least one of sound waves, near-infrared rays, infrared rays, visible lights, ultraviolet rays, lasers, and photons.
41. The optical probe of claim 1, wherein said images represent at least one of two-dimensional and three-dimensional distribution of at least one of said hemoglobins and said properties thereof.
42. The optical probe of claim 1, wherein said properties represent at least one of spatial distribution and temporal variation in at least one of said hemoglobins and said properties thereof.
43. The optical probe of claim 1, wherein said properties are at least one of absolute values and relative values of at least one of said hemoglobins and said properties thereof.
44. The optical probe of claim 1, wherein said properties include at least one of concentration of deoxygenated hemoglobin, concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin, and an oxygen saturation which is a ratio of said concentration of said oxygenated hemoglobin to a sum of said concentrations of said oxygenated hemoglobin and said deoxygenated hemoglobin.
45. The optical probe of claim 1, wherein said properties are extensive properties including at least one of volume, mass, weight, volumetric flow rate, and mass flow rate of said hemoglobins.
46. An optical probe of an optical imaging system capable of generating images representing distribution of hemoglobins or their properties in target areas of a physiological medium, said optical probe including a plurality of wave sources and a plurality of wave detectors, said wave sources configured to irradiate near-infrared electromagnetic radiation into the medium and said wave detectors configured to detect near-infrared electromagnetic radiation and to generate output signals in response thereto, said optical probe comprising:
four symmetric scanning units wherein a first scanning unit is identical to a fourth scanning unit and wherein a second scanning unit is identical to a third scanning unit, each scanning unit having a first wave source, a second wave source, a first wave detector, and a second wave detector, wherein said first wave source is disposed closer to said first wave detector than said second wave detector and wherein said second wave source is disposed closer to said second wave detector than said first wave detector, wherein a first near-distance between said first wave source and first wave detector is arranged to be substantially similar to a second near-distance between said second wave source and second wave detector, wherein a first far-distance between said first wave source and second wave detector is arranged to be substantially similar to a second far-distance between said second wave source and first wave detector, and wherein said first and second wave sources are configured to be synchronized with said first and second wave detectors to generate output signals which represent electromagnetic interaction of said near-infrared radiation with said hemoglobins in said target areas of said medium.
four symmetric scanning units wherein a first scanning unit is identical to a fourth scanning unit and wherein a second scanning unit is identical to a third scanning unit, each scanning unit having a first wave source, a second wave source, a first wave detector, and a second wave detector, wherein said first wave source is disposed closer to said first wave detector than said second wave detector and wherein said second wave source is disposed closer to said second wave detector than said first wave detector, wherein a first near-distance between said first wave source and first wave detector is arranged to be substantially similar to a second near-distance between said second wave source and second wave detector, wherein a first far-distance between said first wave source and second wave detector is arranged to be substantially similar to a second far-distance between said second wave source and first wave detector, and wherein said first and second wave sources are configured to be synchronized with said first and second wave detectors to generate output signals which represent electromagnetic interaction of said near-infrared radiation with said hemoglobins in said target areas of said medium.
47. The optical probe of claim 46, wherein all of said wave sources and all of said wave detectors of each of said scanning units are substantially linearly disposed.
48. The optical probe of claim 47, wherein said first and second wave sources are interposed between said first and second wave detectors in said first and fourth scanning units and wherein said first and second wave detectors are interposed between said first and second wave sources in said second and third scanning units.
49. An optical probe of an optical imaging system capable of generating images representing distribution of hemoglobins or their properties in target areas of a physiological medium, said optical probe comprising:
a plurality of wave sources and a plurality of wave detectors, said wave sources configured to irradiate near-infrared electromagnetic radiation into the medium and said wave detectors configured to detect near-infrared electromagnetic radiation and to generate output signals in response thereto, wherein at least one first wave source and at least one first wave detector define a first scanning element in which said first wave source irradiates said near-infrared electromagnetic radiation and said first wave detector detects said waves irradiated by said first wave detector and generates a first output signal, wherein at least one second wave source and at least one second wave detector define a second scanning element in which said second wave source irradiates said near-infrared electromagnetic waves and said second wave detector detects said waves irradiated by said second wave detector and generates a second output signal, wherein said first and second scanning elements define a scanning unit in which said first and second wave sources are symmetrically disposed with respect to one of a line of symmetry and a point of symmetry and in each of which said first and second wave detectors are also symmetrically disposed with respect to one of said line of symmetry and said point of symmetry.
a plurality of wave sources and a plurality of wave detectors, said wave sources configured to irradiate near-infrared electromagnetic radiation into the medium and said wave detectors configured to detect near-infrared electromagnetic radiation and to generate output signals in response thereto, wherein at least one first wave source and at least one first wave detector define a first scanning element in which said first wave source irradiates said near-infrared electromagnetic radiation and said first wave detector detects said waves irradiated by said first wave detector and generates a first output signal, wherein at least one second wave source and at least one second wave detector define a second scanning element in which said second wave source irradiates said near-infrared electromagnetic waves and said second wave detector detects said waves irradiated by said second wave detector and generates a second output signal, wherein said first and second scanning elements define a scanning unit in which said first and second wave sources are symmetrically disposed with respect to one of a line of symmetry and a point of symmetry and in each of which said first and second wave detectors are also symmetrically disposed with respect to one of said line of symmetry and said point of symmetry.
50. The optical probe of claim 49, wherein said first and second scanning units are configured to intersect each other.
51. The optical probe of claim 49 further comprising:
a processor configured to receive said first and second output signals generated by said first and second wave detectors, to obtain a set of solutions of wave equations applied to input and output parameters of said first and second wave sources and to said first and second wave detectors, to determine said distribution of at least one of hemoglobins and properties thereof, and to generate said images of said distribution.
a processor configured to receive said first and second output signals generated by said first and second wave detectors, to obtain a set of solutions of wave equations applied to input and output parameters of said first and second wave sources and to said first and second wave detectors, to determine said distribution of at least one of hemoglobins and properties thereof, and to generate said images of said distribution.
52. The optical probe of claim 51, wherein said images correspond to a plurality of voxels, wherein each of said first and second scanning units generates a plurality of first voxels and a plurality of second voxels, respectively, and wherein said processor is configured to calculate at least one first voxel value for each of said first voxels from said set of said solutions and at least one second voxel value for each of said second voxels from said set of said solutions.
53. The optical probe of claim 52, wherein said processor is configured to define a plurality of cross-voxels each of which is defined as an overlapping portion of said first and second voxels intersecting each other.
54. The optical probe of claim 53, wherein said processor is configured to calculate at least one cross-voxel value for each of said cross-voxels directly from said first and second voxel values of said intersecting first and second voxels, respectively.
55. The optical probe of claim 54, wherein each of said cross-voxel values is at least one of an arithmetic sum and arithmetic average of said first and second voxel values of said first and second voxels intersecting each other.
56. The optical probe of claim 54, wherein each of said cross-voxel values is at least one of a weighted sum and weighted average of said first and second voxel values of said first and second voxels intersecting each other.
57. A method for generating two-dimensional or three-dimensional images of a target area of a physiological medium by an optical imaging system having an optical probe, said images representing spatial or temporal distribution of hemoglobins or their properties in said medium, wherein said optical probe includes a plurality of wave sources and a plurality of wave detectors, said wave sources configured to irradiate near-infrared electromagnetic radiation into the medium, said wave detector configured to generate output signals in response to near-infrared electromagnetic radiation detected thereby, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a plurality of scanning elements, each of which including at least one of said wave sources and at least one of said wave detectors;
defining a plurality of scanning units, each of which including at least two of said scanning elements;
scanning said target area with one or more scanning units;
grouping output signals generated by each of said scanning units;
obtaining a set of solutions of wave equations applied to input and output parameters of the scanning units;
determining said distribution of at least one of hemoglobins and properties thereof from said set of solutions; and providing one or more images of said distribution.
providing a plurality of scanning elements, each of which including at least one of said wave sources and at least one of said wave detectors;
defining a plurality of scanning units, each of which including at least two of said scanning elements;
scanning said target area with one or more scanning units;
grouping output signals generated by each of said scanning units;
obtaining a set of solutions of wave equations applied to input and output parameters of the scanning units;
determining said distribution of at least one of hemoglobins and properties thereof from said set of solutions; and providing one or more images of said distribution.
58. The method of claim 57, further comprising:
scanning said target area over time;
determining said distribution of at least one of hemoglobins and properties thereof in said target area of said medium over time;
providing said images of said distribution over time; and providing said images of changes in said distribution over time.
scanning said target area over time;
determining said distribution of at least one of hemoglobins and properties thereof in said target area of said medium over time;
providing said images of said distribution over time; and providing said images of changes in said distribution over time.
59. The method of claim 57, further comprising:
defining a plurality of first voxels in at least one of said scanning units;
determining at least one first voxel value for each of said first voxels, each of said first voxel values representing an average value of at least one of said hemoglobins and said properties thereof; and generating said images of said distribution directly from said first voxel values.
defining a plurality of first voxels in at least one of said scanning units;
determining at least one first voxel value for each of said first voxels, each of said first voxel values representing an average value of at least one of said hemoglobins and said properties thereof; and generating said images of said distribution directly from said first voxel values.
60. The method of claim 59, wherein said defining comprises:
controlling resolution of said images by adjusting at least one characteristic dimension of each of said first voxels.
controlling resolution of said images by adjusting at least one characteristic dimension of each of said first voxels.
61. The method of claim 60, wherein said controlling comprises at least one of:
adjusting at least one distance between at least one of said wave sources and at least one of said wave detectors of at least one of the same scanning element and the same scanning unit;
adjusting geometric arrangement between at least one of said wave sources and at least one of said wave detectors of at least one of the same scanning element and the same scanning unit;
adjusting geometric arrangement between at least two scanning elements of the same scanning unit;
adjusting geometric arrangement between at least two scanning units ; and adjusting data sampling rate of said output signals.
adjusting at least one distance between at least one of said wave sources and at least one of said wave detectors of at least one of the same scanning element and the same scanning unit;
adjusting geometric arrangement between at least one of said wave sources and at least one of said wave detectors of at least one of the same scanning element and the same scanning unit;
adjusting geometric arrangement between at least two scanning elements of the same scanning unit;
adjusting geometric arrangement between at least two scanning units ; and adjusting data sampling rate of said output signals.
62. The method of claim 59, further comprising:
defining a plurality of second voxels in at least one of said scanning units;
determining at least one second voxel value for each of said second voxels, each second voxel value representing an average value of at least one of said hemoglobins and said properties thereof; and generating said images of said distribution directly from said first and second voxel values.
defining a plurality of second voxels in at least one of said scanning units;
determining at least one second voxel value for each of said second voxels, each second voxel value representing an average value of at least one of said hemoglobins and said properties thereof; and generating said images of said distribution directly from said first and second voxel values.
63. The method of claim 62, further comprising:
defining a plurality of cross-voxels in at least one of said scanning units, each of said cross-voxels defined as an overlapping portion of two intersecting first and second voxels;
determining at least one cross-voxel value for each of said cross-voxels, each cross-voxel value representing an average value of at least one of said hemoglobins and said properties thereof; and generating said images of said distribution directly from said cross-voxel values and at least one of said first and second voxel values.
defining a plurality of cross-voxels in at least one of said scanning units, each of said cross-voxels defined as an overlapping portion of two intersecting first and second voxels;
determining at least one cross-voxel value for each of said cross-voxels, each cross-voxel value representing an average value of at least one of said hemoglobins and said properties thereof; and generating said images of said distribution directly from said cross-voxel values and at least one of said first and second voxel values.
64. The method of claim 63, wherein said cross-voxel values are determined by at least one of:
adding said first and second voxel values of said intersecting first and second voxels;
arithmetically averaging said first and second voxel values of said intersecting first and second voxels;
adding weighted first and second voxel values of said intersecting first and second voxels; and weight-averaging said first and second voxel values of said intersecting first and second voxels.
adding said first and second voxel values of said intersecting first and second voxels;
arithmetically averaging said first and second voxel values of said intersecting first and second voxels;
adding weighted first and second voxel values of said intersecting first and second voxels; and weight-averaging said first and second voxel values of said intersecting first and second voxels.
65. The method of claim 62, further comprising:
defining a plurality of third voxels in at least one of said scanning units;
determining at least one third voxel value for each of said third voxels, each third voxel value representing an average value of at least one of said hemoglobins and said properties thereof;
generating said images of said distribution directly from said first, second, and third voxel values.
defining a plurality of third voxels in at least one of said scanning units;
determining at least one third voxel value for each of said third voxels, each third voxel value representing an average value of at least one of said hemoglobins and said properties thereof;
generating said images of said distribution directly from said first, second, and third voxel values.
66. The method of claim 65, further comprising:
defining a plurality of second cross-voxels in at least one of said scanning units, each of said second cross-voxels defined as an overlapping portion of two intersecting first and third voxels;
determining at least one second cross-voxel value for each of said second cross-voxels, each second cross-voxel value representing an average value of at least one of said hemoglobins and said properties thereof; and generating said images of said distribution based on at least one of said cross-voxel values, second cross-voxel values, first voxel values, second voxel values, and third voxel values.
voxel values of said intersecting voxels.
defining a plurality of second cross-voxels in at least one of said scanning units, each of said second cross-voxels defined as an overlapping portion of two intersecting first and third voxels;
determining at least one second cross-voxel value for each of said second cross-voxels, each second cross-voxel value representing an average value of at least one of said hemoglobins and said properties thereof; and generating said images of said distribution based on at least one of said cross-voxel values, second cross-voxel values, first voxel values, second voxel values, and third voxel values.
voxel values of said intersecting voxels.
Priority Applications (1)
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| CA2852980A CA2852980C (en) | 2000-08-04 | 2001-08-03 | Systems and methods for providing information concerning chromophores in physiological media |
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| US09/778,617 US20020033454A1 (en) | 2000-08-04 | 2001-02-06 | Optical imaging system with direct image construction |
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| PCT/US2001/024301 WO2002012854A2 (en) | 2000-08-04 | 2001-08-03 | Systems and methods for providing information concerning chromophores in physiological media |
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| US7551950B2 (en) | 2004-06-29 | 2009-06-23 | O2 Medtech, Inc,. | Optical apparatus and method of use for non-invasive tomographic scan of biological tissues |
| US8249696B2 (en) | 2007-12-19 | 2012-08-21 | Depuy Spine, Inc. | Smart pedicle tool |
| US8339586B2 (en) | 2011-04-15 | 2012-12-25 | Constitution Medical, Inc. | Measuring volume and constituents of cells |
| EP3570743A4 (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2020-11-11 | Optican Systems Inc. | Handheld probe and system for imaging human tissue |
| EP3975843A1 (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2022-04-06 | Universität Zürich | Optical apparatus comprising two self-calibrated optical measurement sets |
| CN111929655B (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2023-07-14 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Method and system for tracking road target of millimeter wave radar of automobile |
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| JPH06103257B2 (en) * | 1988-12-19 | 1994-12-14 | 大塚電子株式会社 | Method and apparatus for measuring absorption coefficient of substance using light scattering |
| IL107396A (en) * | 1992-11-09 | 1997-02-18 | Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh | Method and apparatus for analytical determination of glucose in a biological matrix |
| US5987346A (en) * | 1993-02-26 | 1999-11-16 | Benaron; David A. | Device and method for classification of tissue |
| JP3433498B2 (en) * | 1993-06-02 | 2003-08-04 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | Method and apparatus for measuring internal information of scattering medium |
| US5803909A (en) * | 1994-10-06 | 1998-09-08 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Optical system for measuring metabolism in a body and imaging method |
| US6104945A (en) * | 1995-08-01 | 2000-08-15 | Medispectra, Inc. | Spectral volume microprobe arrays |
| US6088605A (en) * | 1996-02-23 | 2000-07-11 | Diasense, Inc. | Method and apparatus for non-invasive blood glucose sensing |
| JPH11244267A (en) * | 1998-03-03 | 1999-09-14 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Blood component concentration measuring device |
| US6078833A (en) * | 1998-03-25 | 2000-06-20 | I.S.S. (Usa) Inc. | Self referencing photosensor |
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