CA2412583A1 - Spiral water turbine - Google Patents
Spiral water turbine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2412583A1 CA2412583A1 CA002412583A CA2412583A CA2412583A1 CA 2412583 A1 CA2412583 A1 CA 2412583A1 CA 002412583 A CA002412583 A CA 002412583A CA 2412583 A CA2412583 A CA 2412583A CA 2412583 A1 CA2412583 A1 CA 2412583A1
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- wheel
- canals
- turbine
- water
- speed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
Abstract
The contemporary Water Turbine consists of its body and its shaft. This body forms the wheel of the Turbine. Compressed water enters into the body of the Turbine from its circumference, through its fixed distributor. I propose a Water Turbine which consists of its wheel, and its shaft; this shaft is hollow. In the wheel are made two curved canals, which are horizontal. Compressed water enters into the hollow shaft, and from it into the curved canals, which are curved such that the water in them slows its speed (to the left) to the same speed as the tangential speed of the wheel (to the right). Consequently, the speed of the outgoing water from these canals is zero. The theoretical efficiency of this Turbine is therefore 100%; it is the most efficient of all Water Turbines.
Description
DescriJ~tion.
This Turbine is founded on the principle invented two thousand years ago by Heron, the ancient Greek. This Turbine is also known as the Se~ner Wheel. The eftlciency of the Segnner Wheel is considered bad; in that it cannot exceed 66%. For this reason, it is not used for the generation of electricity; it is only used in watering lawns. The abandonment of its development was caused by ignorance of the fact that the theoretical efficiency of a water Turbine can only be 100% if the direction of water in it is bent by 180 degrees in comparison with the surface of the Earth. The water must also exit the canals of the wheel with zero absolute speed measured according to the surface of the earth.
The alternator of this Turbine is fixed on its hollow shaft. The rotary tangential speed of the wheel must be braked by the alternator, to match the speed of the water entering the canals. The speed is measured by comparison to those canals, but in the opposite direction. The canals are bent to the left so that the water going through _. _ ____ .. .. __.. ___. _......_..._. ._ _ . . __.........__.__.~ _ . __ _ ___..__. . _.-... ___.._.____ _.._ .
them bends its direction 180 degrees, measured according to the surface of the earth.
If the canals are bent further to the left, the direction of the water in them will also bend further to the left, The water must still exit the canals in a counter-direction of the wheel's rotation, with a zero absolute speed measured according to the surface of the earth.
The tangential speed to the right of the wheel, measured according to the surface of the earth, must be the same as the speed of the water entering the canals to the left, as measured according to the canals, because only then will the water exit the canals with zero absolute speed, measured according to the surface of the earth. The wheel spins to the right, while the water in the canals turns to the left.
Spiral Water Turbine - Drawings.
F_ ig.l.
Horizontal section of the wheel, made through line B-B (shown on Fig.2.) Fi~.2.
Vc;rtical section of the Turbine, made by line A-A (shown on Fig.l .) Fig.3.
Horizontal section of the wheel on a degree-bend variation. The vertical section of this 'turbine is not shown here.
Fi .4.
Horizontal section of the wheel on another degree-bend variation. The vertical section of this Turbine is not shown here.
F_ i~_.5.
Horizontal section of the wheel on yet another degree-bend variation, made through the line A-A (shown on Fig.6.) Fi~.6.
Vertical section of the Turbine shown on Fig.S., made by the line B-B (show on Fig.S.) Fi~.7.
Frontal view of the vertical section of the regulator ( l 4) which is in the wheel (4), of the 'Turbine, with its shaft ( 11 ) under its bottom { I 0) and under the bottom of the Turbine.
Fi~.8.
Frontal view of the regulator ( 14) of the Turbine, with its shaft under its bottom ( 10) and under the bottom of the turbine, and the opening (13).
F_ i~19.
T'c~p view of the regulator ( 14) of the Turbine, with its wall ( 12), and its shaft ( 11 ), and also the bottom (10) of the regulator ( 14). rfhe top of this regulator is circular.
NumberinE.
1 shows the hollow shaft of the wheel of the turbine.
This Turbine is founded on the principle invented two thousand years ago by Heron, the ancient Greek. This Turbine is also known as the Se~ner Wheel. The eftlciency of the Segnner Wheel is considered bad; in that it cannot exceed 66%. For this reason, it is not used for the generation of electricity; it is only used in watering lawns. The abandonment of its development was caused by ignorance of the fact that the theoretical efficiency of a water Turbine can only be 100% if the direction of water in it is bent by 180 degrees in comparison with the surface of the Earth. The water must also exit the canals of the wheel with zero absolute speed measured according to the surface of the earth.
The alternator of this Turbine is fixed on its hollow shaft. The rotary tangential speed of the wheel must be braked by the alternator, to match the speed of the water entering the canals. The speed is measured by comparison to those canals, but in the opposite direction. The canals are bent to the left so that the water going through _. _ ____ .. .. __.. ___. _......_..._. ._ _ . . __.........__.__.~ _ . __ _ ___..__. . _.-... ___.._.____ _.._ .
them bends its direction 180 degrees, measured according to the surface of the earth.
If the canals are bent further to the left, the direction of the water in them will also bend further to the left, The water must still exit the canals in a counter-direction of the wheel's rotation, with a zero absolute speed measured according to the surface of the earth.
The tangential speed to the right of the wheel, measured according to the surface of the earth, must be the same as the speed of the water entering the canals to the left, as measured according to the canals, because only then will the water exit the canals with zero absolute speed, measured according to the surface of the earth. The wheel spins to the right, while the water in the canals turns to the left.
Spiral Water Turbine - Drawings.
F_ ig.l.
Horizontal section of the wheel, made through line B-B (shown on Fig.2.) Fi~.2.
Vc;rtical section of the Turbine, made by line A-A (shown on Fig.l .) Fig.3.
Horizontal section of the wheel on a degree-bend variation. The vertical section of this 'turbine is not shown here.
Fi .4.
Horizontal section of the wheel on another degree-bend variation. The vertical section of this Turbine is not shown here.
F_ i~_.5.
Horizontal section of the wheel on yet another degree-bend variation, made through the line A-A (shown on Fig.6.) Fi~.6.
Vertical section of the Turbine shown on Fig.S., made by the line B-B (show on Fig.S.) Fi~.7.
Frontal view of the vertical section of the regulator ( l 4) which is in the wheel (4), of the 'Turbine, with its shaft ( 11 ) under its bottom { I 0) and under the bottom of the Turbine.
Fi~.8.
Frontal view of the regulator ( 14) of the Turbine, with its shaft under its bottom ( 10) and under the bottom of the turbine, and the opening (13).
F_ i~19.
T'c~p view of the regulator ( 14) of the Turbine, with its wall ( 12), and its shaft ( 11 ), and also the bottom (10) of the regulator ( 14). rfhe top of this regulator is circular.
NumberinE.
1 shows the hollow shaft of the wheel of the turbine.
2 shows the canals.
4 shows the wheel of the turbine.
shows the regulator for duantity of injected water into the canals (2).
6 shows the arrows denoting the direction of water exiting the canals (2).
7 shows parallel lines to the direction N-S.
8 shows the screws.
9 shows the dotted circular line.
shows the bottom of the regulator ( 14).
11 shows the shaft of the regulator ( 14).
12 shows the wall of the regulator ( 14).
13 shows the openings in the wall ( 12) of the regulator (14).
14 shows the regulator in the wheel (4) of the Turbine.
4 shows the wheel of the turbine.
shows the regulator for duantity of injected water into the canals (2).
6 shows the arrows denoting the direction of water exiting the canals (2).
7 shows parallel lines to the direction N-S.
8 shows the screws.
9 shows the dotted circular line.
shows the bottom of the regulator ( 14).
11 shows the shaft of the regulator ( 14).
12 shows the wall of the regulator ( 14).
13 shows the openings in the wall ( 12) of the regulator (14).
14 shows the regulator in the wheel (4) of the Turbine.
C shows the center of the wheel (4).
E shows the points where the canals (2) exit the wheel.
N shows the North.
S shows the South.
G shows the spots where the water exits the canals (2) when the wheel (4) spins.
In the explanations, I use the terms:
Absolute speed of the water.
Absolute tangential speed of the wheel (4).
Absolute direction of the water.
A I 1 of these speeds are measured according to the surface of the earth.
Operation of the Spiral Water Turbine.
In books which explain the operation of water turbines it is written: "In order that the theoretical efficiency of a water turbine be I 00%, the water in the canals (2) of the wheel (4) of the turbine must turn from its initial absolute direction N-S, in which the water exits the hollow shaft ( 1 ) by 1 ~0 degrees. This means that the absolute direction of the water must not be measured in comparison to the wheel (4), but must be measured in comparison to the surface of the earth.
Fie.l. and Fig, 2.
Shows the horizontal section of the wheel (4) of this Turbine, and the ~er-tical section of this turbin8.
Composition.
This water Turbine is composed of the wheel (4), of the hollow shaft ( 1 ), of the two canals (2), of the two regulators (5), of the quantity of injected water into the two canals (2) of the Turbine, and of the two screws (8). The length of the canals (2) can be' measured on the drawings.
The diameter of the wheel (4) is 1 ~ cm. The length of each canal (2) is 12 cm, and they are bent to the left in the wheel (4) by 136 degrees. The cross-section of the canals (2) can be square or rectangular. The canals (2) themselves must be round, not angular.
Function:
Let us suppose that the wheel (4) of this water turbine does not spin for this example. For further simplification of the explanation ofthe operation of the water 'turbine, instead of water, we may insert a lead ball into each canal (2) of the wheel (4) from the hollow shaft ( 1 ), with the speed of l 2 cm per second. Because the length of each canal is also 12 cm, each ball traverses its respective canal (2) to the left in one second, and exits from the point E in the direction of the arrow 1~. The angle between the line E-C and arrow 1? is 117 degrees. The angle between arrow l~,and line (7) (going from point E; parallel to the direction N-S) is 199 degrees.
This 199 degree angle is the absolute curve of each ball in each canal (2) of the wheel (4), from their initial direction N-S, to the direction of the arrow ~°~, going through the point E.
Do not forget that in this case, the wheel (4) does not spin.
Refer to FiQ.I.
In this case, the wheel (4) spins to the right with an absolute tangential speed of 12 cm per second. The length of each canal (2) is also 1 ? cm.
Instead of water, we insert a lead ball into each canal (2) of the wheel (4) from the hollow shaft ( 1 ), with the speed of 12 em per second measured according to the canals (2). Each ball traverses its respective canal (2) to the left in 1 second, and exits. However, during the same time, point H turns to the right, also with an absolute speed of 12 cm per second. To calculate the position of point H after one second of __........ . .,...-~--.~~.~~.,..~.,..~.-,..~.....~..~.. .... .
rotation of the wheel (4), we must measure (on the circumference of wheel (4)), from point H 12 cm to the right. This new spot will be designated point G. Due to the spin of the wheel (4), the initial position of point G is where the ball will exit point E from its canal (2) in the direction of arrow 1?. It can be pictured as exiting point E in the same way as sparks from a grinding wheel; since point G turns with the wheel (4).
Therefore, after one second of traversing the canals (2) to the left, and with coincidental movement of points H to the right, each ball exits its canal at point E
(now coinciding with the initial position of point G) in a straight line, (like sparks from a grinding wheel,) shown by the arrows (6); and then falling to the ground by gravity.
The angle formed by the arrows (6) and the line (7) (which is parallel to the direction N-S), going from the point G, is 108 degrees. This angle shows the absolute directional curve of the balls in the canals (z) of the wheel (4), from their initial direction N-S (in which the balls entered the canals (?)), to the direction of the arrow (6) exiting the points G. This angle is 108 degrees, where 180 degrees is needed, so that the theoretical efficiency is 100%. Do not forget that for this case, the wheel (4) has been spinning.
Refer to Fi~.l.
Note that at points E, absolute curve of the lead balls in the canals (2) of the wheel (4), from their initial direction N-S to the direction of the arrows 1?, (and going through points E), is 199 degrees. 'This, however, is for the case where the wheel (4) did not spin. The wheel (4) actually will spin. When it spins to the right, its rotation will diminish the absolute curve of the lead balls (traveling left) in the canals (2) of the wheel (4). We will need to know, therefore, the absolute curve of the balls in the canals (2) exiting the points G when the wheel (4) spins, NOT exiting point E
when the wheel does not spin. Do not forget that when the wheel (4) spins, the points G also turn with it.
We must find the direction of the arrows (6) exiting the points G. The angle between the arrow 1? (going through the point E), and the line E-C is 117 degrees.
This angle stays the same regardless of the wheel (4) turning or not.
Therefore, the angle between the arrow (6) (gaing from the point G ), and the line G-C is also 117 degrees.
It must be emphasized that if the rotary speed of the wheel (4) on the turbine is not braked by an alternator, it will increase speed so that the turbine will have no force. When the correct speed of the wheel (4) is set by the braking action of the alternator, the turbine will have its full strength. 'This alternator is fixed on the hollow shaft ( 1 ).
The water in the canals ( 2) pushes the wheel (4 ) into rotation to the right.
Since the water in the canals (2) runs very fast, it constantly bends its absolute direction to the left. At the same time, the centrifugal force of the water constantly pushes it against the outside walls of the canals (2) to the right. This is how the water pushes the wheel (4) into constant rotation to the right until it exits the canals (2), and falls to the ground.
If the canals are concentric to the center C of the wheel (4), the water will not push the wheel (4) into rotation. However, the canals are actually not concentric anywhere, to the center C of the wheel (4). Therefore, the wheel (4) spins to the right with its full strength.
The theoretical efficiency of this Spiral Water Turbine is not 100%, because the water in the canals (2) of this turbine does not curve its absolute direction by 180 degrees, but only by 108 degrees. This is because the canals do not turn sufficiently in the wheel (4); only by 136 degrees.
Refer to Fi~.l.
Operation of the regulators (5) in the canals (2) of the wheel (4) of the turbine.
The compressed water enters from the hollow shaft ( I ) into the canals (2) with (for example) a speed of 100m per second. If the regulators (5) are open, the maximum quantity of water enters and leaves the canals. if the regulators (5) are pushed slowly unto the canals, the quantity of water admitted is diminished, however, the speed remains undiminished at 100m per second. 'Therefore, the efficiency of the water turbine does not diminish; it stays the same, regardless of maximal or minimal quantity of water entering the turbine. It is not necessary that the regulators (5) remain completely open. Because the canals (2) are not full of water, atmospheric air enters into the canals from the outside, preventing cavitation. With these regulators, it is also possible to close the canals (2) of the Turbine either partially or completely.
Refer to Fi~.2.
Showing the vertical section of the turbine shown on Fig. l . and Fig.2.
Composition:
This water turbine is composed of the wheel (4), the hollow shaft (1), and the screws (8). The wheel (4) of this water Turbine is composed of its superior part (16) and its inferior part ( 15). lts alternator is not shown here.
Function.
Compressed water enters into the canals (2) through the hollow shaft ( 1 ) of the turbine with a high speed, where it turns to the left, pushing the wheel (4) into rotation to the right. It is necessary to explain that the vertical section of all the other Spiral Water turbines shown are approximately the same as the one shown on Fig.2.
Similarly, the operation of all the other Spiral Water turbines shown are approximately the same as Fig. l . and F ig.2. as well.
Manufacture This water Turbine is composed of the hollow shaft ( 1 ), the superior part ( 16) and inferior part (15) of the wheel (4), and of the screws (8). Every part of this water Turbine must be manufactured individually, and assembled in a straightforward manner.
Refer to Fig 3.
The canals (2) in the wheel (4) of this particular Water Turbine are bent to the left by 225 degrees. The length of each canal is 17.7 cm, measured from point (3) to point E. The cross section of these canals can be square or rectangular.
This Turbine is almost the same as the one shown on Fig.l. and Fig.2., and it also operates in the same manner. It is not necessary to repeat the explanations. There is a difference in angles however; the angle between arrow (6) and line (7) (exiting point G) is 161 degrees. Therefore, the efficiency of this Turbine is better than the rme shown in Fig.l. and Fig.2., because the angle on their wheel is only 108 degrees.
These angles show the absolute curve of the water going from the hollow shaft ( 1 ) into the canals(2) in the direction N-S, to the direction of~the water shown with arrow (6) exiting from the canals (2) at the points G.
Fig.3. shows that the angle between the arrows (6) and the line (7) (exiting from the points G) is 161 degrees. An angle of 180 degrees is required.
The vertical section of the 'Turbine on Fig.3. is not shown here. The alternator of this 'Turbine is fixed on the hollow shaft ( 1 ).
Refer to Fi~.4.
The wheel (4) of this Water Turbine is almost the same as that shown on Fig.3.
There is a difference.
'The canals (2) in the wheel (4) of this Water Turbine are bent to the left by degrees. The length of each canal (2) is 24.7 em, measured from the point {3) to the point E. The cross section of these canals can be squaa-e or rectangular.
Oueratiou of this Water Turbine.
It operates in the same manner as the Turbine shown on Fig.l . It is not necessary to repeat the explanations. It must be understood that the wheel (4) of this Water Turbine spins.
Refer to Fi .4.
By seeming chance, point E and point G on the wheel (4) of the Water Turbine are perfectly aligned. For this reason, the arrows (6) and the tines {7) (exiting point E
and point G) exit the canals (2) in the same direction. 'l,his phenomenon requires some explanation. If we assume that the wheel (4) were to be stopped from spinning, thf~n lead balls in each canal (2) of the wheel (4) would turn by 360 degrees, and exit at the points E. If we then allow the wheel (4) of the Turbine to spin (to the right), while the lead balls in the canals (2) turn to the left, they will turn an absolute direction of only 180 degrees. Since 180 is half of 360" the points E and G
are in the same place.
What is important is the fact that the angle between the arrows (6) and the line (7) (exiting from the point G) is 180 degrees. Therefore, the theoretical efficiency of this Water Turbine is 100%.
The wheels (4) of the Water Turbine in Fig. l ., Fig.3., and Fig.4. is shown so that it can be proven that if the canals ( 2) in the wheels (4) bends more towards the left, the water in those canals also turns its absolute direction more to the left, even if the wheel of the Turbine spins to the right. If those ~;anals (2) in the wheel (4) are sufficiently bent, the water in them will turn its absolute direction by 180 degrees, and the theoretical efficiency wi l1 be 100°io.
..
This is the Spiral Water 'Turbine that is needed.
Refer to Fi~.4.
Consider the question: What is the difference if the lead balls are inserted into thf: canals (2) of the wheel (4) of this turbine with an absolute speed of 24.7 cm per second, or if they are inserted with a speed of 24.7 cm per second measured according to the canals (2)?
If the wheel (4) were to be stopped from spinning, there would be no dii~erence. This is because the balls traverse and exit the canals with the same speed of 24.7 cm per second. This means that the absolute speed and the speed measured according to the canals is the same (24.7 cm per second). The kinetic energy of the balls entering and exiting the canals remains the same. Therefore, a stopped Turbine does not work.
However, when the wheel (4) of the Turbine spins to the right with an absolute tangential speed of 24.7 cm per second, the absolute speed of the balls entering the canals must also be 24.7 cm per second. Within the canals, their absolute speed continually diminishes, and when they exit the canals, their absolute speed is zero, and so their kinetic energy is also zero. The speed of those balls exiting the canals, measured according to the canals, stays the same; 24.7 cm per second.
The principle of this Spiral Water 'I"urbine's operation has already been explained. I underline that the same Turbine can be used for a small water pressure or a very high water pressure. Only the tangential speed of the wheel (4) must be different.
On the drawings, the diameter of the wheels (4) of the Turbines is 1 Scm. It can be as large as 2 m or even 4 m. 'fhe number of the canals (2) can be more than just two. In any event, the cross section of the canals (2) is small, but they can be made much larger, so that a large quantity of water can be passed through the Turbine.
..._. .. _ _ ..~ __ ..,:.m . . .. , . . _ Refer to FiQ.S»
This shows the horizontal section of the wheel (4) of this Spiral Water Turbine, (made by the line A-A shown on Fig.6.). In this view, the cross section of the canals (2 ) is as large as possible; this Turbine admits the biggest quantity of water possible.
In the wheel {4) of this Turbine, the canals (2) are bent to the left by 290 degrees. The length of each canal is 29.5 cm, measured from point (3) to point E. The diiameter of the wheel (4) is 16 cm. On the dottad circu2ar line 9 are all t.:he poi:n~.s ~, and all the poin a ~.
Composition:
This water turbine is composed of the wheel (4), the hollow shaft ( 1 ), the canals (2), the regulator ( 14), the shaft ( 11 ) of the regulator ( 14), and the screws (8).
Operation:
The wheel (~) of this Turbine spins. This Turbine operates in the same manner as shown on Fig.l . and Fig.2. It is not necessary to repeat the explanations.
However, the regulator ( 14) is different. It :resembles a pot, with the bottom ( 10) fixed to its shaft ( 11 ). This regulator can be turned right or left by the shaft ( 11 ), respectively closing or opening the entry ( 3) of'the canals (2), where the compressed water enters from the hollow shaft ( 1 ). (A complete explanation of the function of the regulator ( 14) is given below for Fig.6.) The angle formed between the arrows (6) and the lines {7) (exiting point G), is 1'77 degrees. This angle shows tine absolute directional curve of the water in the canals (2) of the wheel (4) of this Spiral Water Turbine. The water in the canals (2) in the wheel (4) of this 'turbine must have an absolute directional curve of 180 degrees, therefore the canals (2) must be bent a little more than 290 degrees.
Refer to Fie.6.
Showing the vertical section of the Spiral Water Turbine made by the line B-B
(shown on Fig.S.), in which the cross section of its canals (2) is as large as possible, so that this Turbine admits the biggest quantity of water possible. The alternator is not shown here.
Composition:
This Turbine is composed of the wheel (~), the hollow shaft ( 1 ), the canals (2), the screws ($), and the regulator (14). The wheel {4) is composed of its superior part ( 16) and its inferior part ( 15). The regulator ( 14) resembles a pot, with the bottom ( 1 ~7) fixed to its shaft ( 11 ). rfhe alternator of the Turbine is fixed on its hollow shaft ( 1 ).
Operation:
Compressed water enters into the hollow shaft ( 1 ), and then from there enters the canals (2) of the wheel {t~). From there, it exits the canals (2) and falls to the ground. The water in the canals bends its absolute direction to the left, pushing the wheel (4 j into rotation to the right. A mechanism is fixed on the end of the shaft ( 11 ) of the regulator ( 14), turning the shaft so that the regulator turns right or back left, respectively opening or closing the entry ( :3 ) of the canals (2). The compressed water enters them from the hollow shaft { 1 ) of the Turbine in a small or large quantity as needed.
Refer to Fi~7., Fig S.~and Fi~.9.
These drawings show the regulator ( 14), which has the shape of a pot. It is composed of its bottom { 10) and its circular wall ( 12). On the opposite sides of the wall are two openings ( 13), of the same dimensions as the cross section of the canals - _ ~_...~..~....,w w.....,..~..-,...a.~ ~..,ri~.. .. .~
(?) of the wheel (t~) of this Turbine. Through these openings, compressed water enters from the regulator (14) into the canals.
Operation:
Refer to Fi~.S.
This shows the horizontal section of the regulator ( 14) in the middle of the wheel (~) of the Turbine. On opposite sides of the wall ( 12) are openings ( I
3), of the same dimensions as the cross section of the canals (2). If these openings are open, the compressed water enters from tlae regulator ( 14) into the canals (2). The regulator ( 14) can be turned to the right with its shaft ( 11 ) to close the openings either partially or completely.
Refer to Fi~.7.
This shows the vertical section of the regulator ( 14), in the middle of the wheel (41 of the Turbine. The shaft ( 11 ) can be fixed to the bottom ( 10) of this regulator fxc~m under the Turbine, or from above the hollow shaft ( 1 ), as shown on Fig.6. To prevent cavitation and turbulence, the regulator must not turn around. It can only rotate to the right or back left.
Refer to Fi~.B.
This shows the front view of the regulator ( 14), with its shaft ( 11 ). The form of the opening ( 13) is also shown. ,A mechanism can be fixed on the shaft ( 11 ), turning the regulator right or back left, respectively opening or closing the entry ( 3) of the canals (2) on the wheel (4) of the Turbine.
Refer to Fi~.9.
This shows the top view of the regulator ( 14 ). It also shows the shaft ( 11 ), of the regulator, its bottom ( 10), and its circular wall ( 12). 'this regulator must not turn around, only rotate to the ri~,ht and back left.
Refer to Fi~.S.
The regulator ( 14) with its wall ( 12) must not turn around, but only rotate to the right to close the openings ( 13) and then rotate back left to open the openings for admission of water into the canals (2). Only then can the water enter the canals (2) without turbulence. The cross section of the shaft ( 1 ) must be larger than the cross section of the two canals (2) together.
Considering the drawings and explanations, it is evident that the old Heron principle for the construction of Water Turbine is correct, if the canals (2) are sufficiently bent gradually to the left from the center C to the circumference of the wheel (4).
Refer to Fi~.6.
The diameter of the wheel (~) of this Turbine is 18 cm, and the area of the cross section of the canal (2) of this 'Turbine is 9.68 cm square.
If the diameter of the wheel (4) of this Turbine is 180 cm ( 10 times bigger), the length and width of the cross section of the canal (2) is also ten times bigger. But the area of the cross section of this Turbine is 968 cm square.
Note that in the previous example, the diameter c>f the wheel (4), and the length and width of the canal (2) are both ten tunes larger. However, the area of the cross section of the canal (2) is 100 times larger.
Because the quantity of the water going through this Turbine depends on the cross section of the canals (~), (which does not increase proportionally with the _.... ~.. ....." .~ aa,.~ ..~.... ~~.~v ..~.. . , _...~ W.._..m...~~.~.~ .._ dimensions of the wheel and canals, but instead increases enormously), it is advantageous to manufacture a bigger Turbine rather than a smaller one.
Advantages of this Spiral Water Turbine This Turbine is simple and practical. Unlike the Turbines Francis and Kaplan, it does not need an aspirator-diffuser, because the water exits the Spiral Water Turbine with zero absolute speed. It also does not need to be placed in a box, like the Pelton Turbine, because the water exits tl~e Spiral Water Turbine with zero absolute speed quietly.
It is both cheap and easy to manufacture, and it is also cheap to maintain. It can replace all the Water Turbines. It is also not prone to cavitation. Because its rotary speed is two times greater than the Pelton Turbine's, its alternator will be four times smaller and four times cheaper than the Pelton's alternator.
Furthermore, the Spiral Water Turbine can be fabricated with such precision, that it will be balanced not only to one rotary speed, but to all rotary speeds.
Also, if the quantity of water injected into this Turbine diminishes, its efficiency will stay the same. It does not diminish in the Spiral Water Turbine.
The construction of Hydraulic power stations will be cheaper with this Turbine, because it is not necessary to dig profound canals for the aspirator-diffuser, which are needed for the Kaplan and Francis Turbines. It also does not need the spiral canvas cover.
Because this Spiral Water Turbine is simpler than the Kaplan and Francis Turbines, (consisting of three pieces), its diameter can be larger than that of the Kaplan, Francis and Pelton Turbines. It will also be easier to manufacture and transport than the Kaplan, Francis and Pelton 'TurbinesR
In particular, the eff ciency of the Spiral Water Turbine will be the best of all the Water Turbines.
l6 ~. . .. ~ ..~,. ~ . . .,.. ..., ., .. ...~ . w ..,...... . .
In addition, it is not necessary to manufacture a small model of this Turbine in order to find out if it will operate properly; all the dimensions of the Turbine can be calculated precisely beforehand. It can then be precisely manufactured so that nothing wrong will happen in the operation of this Spiral Water Turbine.
What is the difference between the Pelton Turbine and this Spiral Water Turbine? The Pelton turbine spins in the same direction as the ejected water against the buckets of the Turbine wheel. Tn the Spiral Water Turbine, however, the water in the canals (2) turns to the left, while the wheel (4) spins to the right.
Consequently, if the water is ejected against the buckets of the Felton 'Turbine with a speed of e.g. 100 rn per second, the absolute tangential speed of the Pelton wheel must be 50 m per second. But if the water is injected into the canals (2) of the Spiral Water Turbine with a speed of 100 m per second (to the left), the absolute tangential speed of its wheel (4) must be 100 m per second (to the right).
Consequently, the alternator of the Spiral Water Turbine will be four times smaller, and four times cheaper than the alternator of the Pelton Turbine.
This is because the Spiral Water Turbine spins two times faster than the Felton Turbine.
E shows the points where the canals (2) exit the wheel.
N shows the North.
S shows the South.
G shows the spots where the water exits the canals (2) when the wheel (4) spins.
In the explanations, I use the terms:
Absolute speed of the water.
Absolute tangential speed of the wheel (4).
Absolute direction of the water.
A I 1 of these speeds are measured according to the surface of the earth.
Operation of the Spiral Water Turbine.
In books which explain the operation of water turbines it is written: "In order that the theoretical efficiency of a water turbine be I 00%, the water in the canals (2) of the wheel (4) of the turbine must turn from its initial absolute direction N-S, in which the water exits the hollow shaft ( 1 ) by 1 ~0 degrees. This means that the absolute direction of the water must not be measured in comparison to the wheel (4), but must be measured in comparison to the surface of the earth.
Fie.l. and Fig, 2.
Shows the horizontal section of the wheel (4) of this Turbine, and the ~er-tical section of this turbin8.
Composition.
This water Turbine is composed of the wheel (4), of the hollow shaft ( 1 ), of the two canals (2), of the two regulators (5), of the quantity of injected water into the two canals (2) of the Turbine, and of the two screws (8). The length of the canals (2) can be' measured on the drawings.
The diameter of the wheel (4) is 1 ~ cm. The length of each canal (2) is 12 cm, and they are bent to the left in the wheel (4) by 136 degrees. The cross-section of the canals (2) can be square or rectangular. The canals (2) themselves must be round, not angular.
Function:
Let us suppose that the wheel (4) of this water turbine does not spin for this example. For further simplification of the explanation ofthe operation of the water 'turbine, instead of water, we may insert a lead ball into each canal (2) of the wheel (4) from the hollow shaft ( 1 ), with the speed of l 2 cm per second. Because the length of each canal is also 12 cm, each ball traverses its respective canal (2) to the left in one second, and exits from the point E in the direction of the arrow 1~. The angle between the line E-C and arrow 1? is 117 degrees. The angle between arrow l~,and line (7) (going from point E; parallel to the direction N-S) is 199 degrees.
This 199 degree angle is the absolute curve of each ball in each canal (2) of the wheel (4), from their initial direction N-S, to the direction of the arrow ~°~, going through the point E.
Do not forget that in this case, the wheel (4) does not spin.
Refer to FiQ.I.
In this case, the wheel (4) spins to the right with an absolute tangential speed of 12 cm per second. The length of each canal (2) is also 1 ? cm.
Instead of water, we insert a lead ball into each canal (2) of the wheel (4) from the hollow shaft ( 1 ), with the speed of 12 em per second measured according to the canals (2). Each ball traverses its respective canal (2) to the left in 1 second, and exits. However, during the same time, point H turns to the right, also with an absolute speed of 12 cm per second. To calculate the position of point H after one second of __........ . .,...-~--.~~.~~.,..~.,..~.-,..~.....~..~.. .... .
rotation of the wheel (4), we must measure (on the circumference of wheel (4)), from point H 12 cm to the right. This new spot will be designated point G. Due to the spin of the wheel (4), the initial position of point G is where the ball will exit point E from its canal (2) in the direction of arrow 1?. It can be pictured as exiting point E in the same way as sparks from a grinding wheel; since point G turns with the wheel (4).
Therefore, after one second of traversing the canals (2) to the left, and with coincidental movement of points H to the right, each ball exits its canal at point E
(now coinciding with the initial position of point G) in a straight line, (like sparks from a grinding wheel,) shown by the arrows (6); and then falling to the ground by gravity.
The angle formed by the arrows (6) and the line (7) (which is parallel to the direction N-S), going from the point G, is 108 degrees. This angle shows the absolute directional curve of the balls in the canals (z) of the wheel (4), from their initial direction N-S (in which the balls entered the canals (?)), to the direction of the arrow (6) exiting the points G. This angle is 108 degrees, where 180 degrees is needed, so that the theoretical efficiency is 100%. Do not forget that for this case, the wheel (4) has been spinning.
Refer to Fi~.l.
Note that at points E, absolute curve of the lead balls in the canals (2) of the wheel (4), from their initial direction N-S to the direction of the arrows 1?, (and going through points E), is 199 degrees. 'This, however, is for the case where the wheel (4) did not spin. The wheel (4) actually will spin. When it spins to the right, its rotation will diminish the absolute curve of the lead balls (traveling left) in the canals (2) of the wheel (4). We will need to know, therefore, the absolute curve of the balls in the canals (2) exiting the points G when the wheel (4) spins, NOT exiting point E
when the wheel does not spin. Do not forget that when the wheel (4) spins, the points G also turn with it.
We must find the direction of the arrows (6) exiting the points G. The angle between the arrow 1? (going through the point E), and the line E-C is 117 degrees.
This angle stays the same regardless of the wheel (4) turning or not.
Therefore, the angle between the arrow (6) (gaing from the point G ), and the line G-C is also 117 degrees.
It must be emphasized that if the rotary speed of the wheel (4) on the turbine is not braked by an alternator, it will increase speed so that the turbine will have no force. When the correct speed of the wheel (4) is set by the braking action of the alternator, the turbine will have its full strength. 'This alternator is fixed on the hollow shaft ( 1 ).
The water in the canals ( 2) pushes the wheel (4 ) into rotation to the right.
Since the water in the canals (2) runs very fast, it constantly bends its absolute direction to the left. At the same time, the centrifugal force of the water constantly pushes it against the outside walls of the canals (2) to the right. This is how the water pushes the wheel (4) into constant rotation to the right until it exits the canals (2), and falls to the ground.
If the canals are concentric to the center C of the wheel (4), the water will not push the wheel (4) into rotation. However, the canals are actually not concentric anywhere, to the center C of the wheel (4). Therefore, the wheel (4) spins to the right with its full strength.
The theoretical efficiency of this Spiral Water Turbine is not 100%, because the water in the canals (2) of this turbine does not curve its absolute direction by 180 degrees, but only by 108 degrees. This is because the canals do not turn sufficiently in the wheel (4); only by 136 degrees.
Refer to Fi~.l.
Operation of the regulators (5) in the canals (2) of the wheel (4) of the turbine.
The compressed water enters from the hollow shaft ( I ) into the canals (2) with (for example) a speed of 100m per second. If the regulators (5) are open, the maximum quantity of water enters and leaves the canals. if the regulators (5) are pushed slowly unto the canals, the quantity of water admitted is diminished, however, the speed remains undiminished at 100m per second. 'Therefore, the efficiency of the water turbine does not diminish; it stays the same, regardless of maximal or minimal quantity of water entering the turbine. It is not necessary that the regulators (5) remain completely open. Because the canals (2) are not full of water, atmospheric air enters into the canals from the outside, preventing cavitation. With these regulators, it is also possible to close the canals (2) of the Turbine either partially or completely.
Refer to Fi~.2.
Showing the vertical section of the turbine shown on Fig. l . and Fig.2.
Composition:
This water turbine is composed of the wheel (4), the hollow shaft (1), and the screws (8). The wheel (4) of this water Turbine is composed of its superior part (16) and its inferior part ( 15). lts alternator is not shown here.
Function.
Compressed water enters into the canals (2) through the hollow shaft ( 1 ) of the turbine with a high speed, where it turns to the left, pushing the wheel (4) into rotation to the right. It is necessary to explain that the vertical section of all the other Spiral Water turbines shown are approximately the same as the one shown on Fig.2.
Similarly, the operation of all the other Spiral Water turbines shown are approximately the same as Fig. l . and F ig.2. as well.
Manufacture This water Turbine is composed of the hollow shaft ( 1 ), the superior part ( 16) and inferior part (15) of the wheel (4), and of the screws (8). Every part of this water Turbine must be manufactured individually, and assembled in a straightforward manner.
Refer to Fig 3.
The canals (2) in the wheel (4) of this particular Water Turbine are bent to the left by 225 degrees. The length of each canal is 17.7 cm, measured from point (3) to point E. The cross section of these canals can be square or rectangular.
This Turbine is almost the same as the one shown on Fig.l. and Fig.2., and it also operates in the same manner. It is not necessary to repeat the explanations. There is a difference in angles however; the angle between arrow (6) and line (7) (exiting point G) is 161 degrees. Therefore, the efficiency of this Turbine is better than the rme shown in Fig.l. and Fig.2., because the angle on their wheel is only 108 degrees.
These angles show the absolute curve of the water going from the hollow shaft ( 1 ) into the canals(2) in the direction N-S, to the direction of~the water shown with arrow (6) exiting from the canals (2) at the points G.
Fig.3. shows that the angle between the arrows (6) and the line (7) (exiting from the points G) is 161 degrees. An angle of 180 degrees is required.
The vertical section of the 'Turbine on Fig.3. is not shown here. The alternator of this 'Turbine is fixed on the hollow shaft ( 1 ).
Refer to Fi~.4.
The wheel (4) of this Water Turbine is almost the same as that shown on Fig.3.
There is a difference.
'The canals (2) in the wheel (4) of this Water Turbine are bent to the left by degrees. The length of each canal (2) is 24.7 em, measured from the point {3) to the point E. The cross section of these canals can be squaa-e or rectangular.
Oueratiou of this Water Turbine.
It operates in the same manner as the Turbine shown on Fig.l . It is not necessary to repeat the explanations. It must be understood that the wheel (4) of this Water Turbine spins.
Refer to Fi .4.
By seeming chance, point E and point G on the wheel (4) of the Water Turbine are perfectly aligned. For this reason, the arrows (6) and the tines {7) (exiting point E
and point G) exit the canals (2) in the same direction. 'l,his phenomenon requires some explanation. If we assume that the wheel (4) were to be stopped from spinning, thf~n lead balls in each canal (2) of the wheel (4) would turn by 360 degrees, and exit at the points E. If we then allow the wheel (4) of the Turbine to spin (to the right), while the lead balls in the canals (2) turn to the left, they will turn an absolute direction of only 180 degrees. Since 180 is half of 360" the points E and G
are in the same place.
What is important is the fact that the angle between the arrows (6) and the line (7) (exiting from the point G) is 180 degrees. Therefore, the theoretical efficiency of this Water Turbine is 100%.
The wheels (4) of the Water Turbine in Fig. l ., Fig.3., and Fig.4. is shown so that it can be proven that if the canals ( 2) in the wheels (4) bends more towards the left, the water in those canals also turns its absolute direction more to the left, even if the wheel of the Turbine spins to the right. If those ~;anals (2) in the wheel (4) are sufficiently bent, the water in them will turn its absolute direction by 180 degrees, and the theoretical efficiency wi l1 be 100°io.
..
This is the Spiral Water 'Turbine that is needed.
Refer to Fi~.4.
Consider the question: What is the difference if the lead balls are inserted into thf: canals (2) of the wheel (4) of this turbine with an absolute speed of 24.7 cm per second, or if they are inserted with a speed of 24.7 cm per second measured according to the canals (2)?
If the wheel (4) were to be stopped from spinning, there would be no dii~erence. This is because the balls traverse and exit the canals with the same speed of 24.7 cm per second. This means that the absolute speed and the speed measured according to the canals is the same (24.7 cm per second). The kinetic energy of the balls entering and exiting the canals remains the same. Therefore, a stopped Turbine does not work.
However, when the wheel (4) of the Turbine spins to the right with an absolute tangential speed of 24.7 cm per second, the absolute speed of the balls entering the canals must also be 24.7 cm per second. Within the canals, their absolute speed continually diminishes, and when they exit the canals, their absolute speed is zero, and so their kinetic energy is also zero. The speed of those balls exiting the canals, measured according to the canals, stays the same; 24.7 cm per second.
The principle of this Spiral Water 'I"urbine's operation has already been explained. I underline that the same Turbine can be used for a small water pressure or a very high water pressure. Only the tangential speed of the wheel (4) must be different.
On the drawings, the diameter of the wheels (4) of the Turbines is 1 Scm. It can be as large as 2 m or even 4 m. 'fhe number of the canals (2) can be more than just two. In any event, the cross section of the canals (2) is small, but they can be made much larger, so that a large quantity of water can be passed through the Turbine.
..._. .. _ _ ..~ __ ..,:.m . . .. , . . _ Refer to FiQ.S»
This shows the horizontal section of the wheel (4) of this Spiral Water Turbine, (made by the line A-A shown on Fig.6.). In this view, the cross section of the canals (2 ) is as large as possible; this Turbine admits the biggest quantity of water possible.
In the wheel {4) of this Turbine, the canals (2) are bent to the left by 290 degrees. The length of each canal is 29.5 cm, measured from point (3) to point E. The diiameter of the wheel (4) is 16 cm. On the dottad circu2ar line 9 are all t.:he poi:n~.s ~, and all the poin a ~.
Composition:
This water turbine is composed of the wheel (4), the hollow shaft ( 1 ), the canals (2), the regulator ( 14), the shaft ( 11 ) of the regulator ( 14), and the screws (8).
Operation:
The wheel (~) of this Turbine spins. This Turbine operates in the same manner as shown on Fig.l . and Fig.2. It is not necessary to repeat the explanations.
However, the regulator ( 14) is different. It :resembles a pot, with the bottom ( 10) fixed to its shaft ( 11 ). This regulator can be turned right or left by the shaft ( 11 ), respectively closing or opening the entry ( 3) of'the canals (2), where the compressed water enters from the hollow shaft ( 1 ). (A complete explanation of the function of the regulator ( 14) is given below for Fig.6.) The angle formed between the arrows (6) and the lines {7) (exiting point G), is 1'77 degrees. This angle shows tine absolute directional curve of the water in the canals (2) of the wheel (4) of this Spiral Water Turbine. The water in the canals (2) in the wheel (4) of this 'turbine must have an absolute directional curve of 180 degrees, therefore the canals (2) must be bent a little more than 290 degrees.
Refer to Fie.6.
Showing the vertical section of the Spiral Water Turbine made by the line B-B
(shown on Fig.S.), in which the cross section of its canals (2) is as large as possible, so that this Turbine admits the biggest quantity of water possible. The alternator is not shown here.
Composition:
This Turbine is composed of the wheel (~), the hollow shaft ( 1 ), the canals (2), the screws ($), and the regulator (14). The wheel {4) is composed of its superior part ( 16) and its inferior part ( 15). The regulator ( 14) resembles a pot, with the bottom ( 1 ~7) fixed to its shaft ( 11 ). rfhe alternator of the Turbine is fixed on its hollow shaft ( 1 ).
Operation:
Compressed water enters into the hollow shaft ( 1 ), and then from there enters the canals (2) of the wheel {t~). From there, it exits the canals (2) and falls to the ground. The water in the canals bends its absolute direction to the left, pushing the wheel (4 j into rotation to the right. A mechanism is fixed on the end of the shaft ( 11 ) of the regulator ( 14), turning the shaft so that the regulator turns right or back left, respectively opening or closing the entry ( :3 ) of the canals (2). The compressed water enters them from the hollow shaft { 1 ) of the Turbine in a small or large quantity as needed.
Refer to Fi~7., Fig S.~and Fi~.9.
These drawings show the regulator ( 14), which has the shape of a pot. It is composed of its bottom { 10) and its circular wall ( 12). On the opposite sides of the wall are two openings ( 13), of the same dimensions as the cross section of the canals - _ ~_...~..~....,w w.....,..~..-,...a.~ ~..,ri~.. .. .~
(?) of the wheel (t~) of this Turbine. Through these openings, compressed water enters from the regulator (14) into the canals.
Operation:
Refer to Fi~.S.
This shows the horizontal section of the regulator ( 14) in the middle of the wheel (~) of the Turbine. On opposite sides of the wall ( 12) are openings ( I
3), of the same dimensions as the cross section of the canals (2). If these openings are open, the compressed water enters from tlae regulator ( 14) into the canals (2). The regulator ( 14) can be turned to the right with its shaft ( 11 ) to close the openings either partially or completely.
Refer to Fi~.7.
This shows the vertical section of the regulator ( 14), in the middle of the wheel (41 of the Turbine. The shaft ( 11 ) can be fixed to the bottom ( 10) of this regulator fxc~m under the Turbine, or from above the hollow shaft ( 1 ), as shown on Fig.6. To prevent cavitation and turbulence, the regulator must not turn around. It can only rotate to the right or back left.
Refer to Fi~.B.
This shows the front view of the regulator ( 14), with its shaft ( 11 ). The form of the opening ( 13) is also shown. ,A mechanism can be fixed on the shaft ( 11 ), turning the regulator right or back left, respectively opening or closing the entry ( 3) of the canals (2) on the wheel (4) of the Turbine.
Refer to Fi~.9.
This shows the top view of the regulator ( 14 ). It also shows the shaft ( 11 ), of the regulator, its bottom ( 10), and its circular wall ( 12). 'this regulator must not turn around, only rotate to the ri~,ht and back left.
Refer to Fi~.S.
The regulator ( 14) with its wall ( 12) must not turn around, but only rotate to the right to close the openings ( 13) and then rotate back left to open the openings for admission of water into the canals (2). Only then can the water enter the canals (2) without turbulence. The cross section of the shaft ( 1 ) must be larger than the cross section of the two canals (2) together.
Considering the drawings and explanations, it is evident that the old Heron principle for the construction of Water Turbine is correct, if the canals (2) are sufficiently bent gradually to the left from the center C to the circumference of the wheel (4).
Refer to Fi~.6.
The diameter of the wheel (~) of this Turbine is 18 cm, and the area of the cross section of the canal (2) of this 'Turbine is 9.68 cm square.
If the diameter of the wheel (4) of this Turbine is 180 cm ( 10 times bigger), the length and width of the cross section of the canal (2) is also ten times bigger. But the area of the cross section of this Turbine is 968 cm square.
Note that in the previous example, the diameter c>f the wheel (4), and the length and width of the canal (2) are both ten tunes larger. However, the area of the cross section of the canal (2) is 100 times larger.
Because the quantity of the water going through this Turbine depends on the cross section of the canals (~), (which does not increase proportionally with the _.... ~.. ....." .~ aa,.~ ..~.... ~~.~v ..~.. . , _...~ W.._..m...~~.~.~ .._ dimensions of the wheel and canals, but instead increases enormously), it is advantageous to manufacture a bigger Turbine rather than a smaller one.
Advantages of this Spiral Water Turbine This Turbine is simple and practical. Unlike the Turbines Francis and Kaplan, it does not need an aspirator-diffuser, because the water exits the Spiral Water Turbine with zero absolute speed. It also does not need to be placed in a box, like the Pelton Turbine, because the water exits tl~e Spiral Water Turbine with zero absolute speed quietly.
It is both cheap and easy to manufacture, and it is also cheap to maintain. It can replace all the Water Turbines. It is also not prone to cavitation. Because its rotary speed is two times greater than the Pelton Turbine's, its alternator will be four times smaller and four times cheaper than the Pelton's alternator.
Furthermore, the Spiral Water Turbine can be fabricated with such precision, that it will be balanced not only to one rotary speed, but to all rotary speeds.
Also, if the quantity of water injected into this Turbine diminishes, its efficiency will stay the same. It does not diminish in the Spiral Water Turbine.
The construction of Hydraulic power stations will be cheaper with this Turbine, because it is not necessary to dig profound canals for the aspirator-diffuser, which are needed for the Kaplan and Francis Turbines. It also does not need the spiral canvas cover.
Because this Spiral Water Turbine is simpler than the Kaplan and Francis Turbines, (consisting of three pieces), its diameter can be larger than that of the Kaplan, Francis and Pelton Turbines. It will also be easier to manufacture and transport than the Kaplan, Francis and Pelton 'TurbinesR
In particular, the eff ciency of the Spiral Water Turbine will be the best of all the Water Turbines.
l6 ~. . .. ~ ..~,. ~ . . .,.. ..., ., .. ...~ . w ..,...... . .
In addition, it is not necessary to manufacture a small model of this Turbine in order to find out if it will operate properly; all the dimensions of the Turbine can be calculated precisely beforehand. It can then be precisely manufactured so that nothing wrong will happen in the operation of this Spiral Water Turbine.
What is the difference between the Pelton Turbine and this Spiral Water Turbine? The Pelton turbine spins in the same direction as the ejected water against the buckets of the Turbine wheel. Tn the Spiral Water Turbine, however, the water in the canals (2) turns to the left, while the wheel (4) spins to the right.
Consequently, if the water is ejected against the buckets of the Felton 'Turbine with a speed of e.g. 100 rn per second, the absolute tangential speed of the Pelton wheel must be 50 m per second. But if the water is injected into the canals (2) of the Spiral Water Turbine with a speed of 100 m per second (to the left), the absolute tangential speed of its wheel (4) must be 100 m per second (to the right).
Consequently, the alternator of the Spiral Water Turbine will be four times smaller, and four times cheaper than the alternator of the Pelton Turbine.
This is because the Spiral Water Turbine spins two times faster than the Felton Turbine.
Claims
claims "The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:"
A Water Turbine consists of a horizontal wheel and its vertical shaft (which is hollow). In this wheel are made two or more canals, going from this hollow shaft in the center of the wheel to the circumference of the wheel. These canals are bent in the wheel to the left. Compressed water enters into the hollow vertical shaft of the Turbine, from there the water enters into the canals, which are bent to the degree that the injected water, moving at high speed, turns its absolute direction in them (measured in comparison to the surface of the earth), approximately by 180 degrees.
While in the canals, the water continually bends its absolute direction to the left, thereby pushing the wheel of the Turbine into rotation to the right. The absolute tangential rotational speed (to the right) of the wheel must be approximately the same as the speed of the water injected (to the left) into the canals from the hollow shaft, measured according to the canals. The water traverses the canals with high speed;
until it exits them with approximately zero absolute speed (measured according to the surface of the earth), and then falls to the ground.
A Water Turbine consists of a horizontal wheel and its vertical shaft (which is hollow). In this wheel are made two or more canals, going from this hollow shaft in the center of the wheel to the circumference of the wheel. These canals are bent in the wheel to the left. Compressed water enters into the hollow vertical shaft of the Turbine, from there the water enters into the canals, which are bent to the degree that the injected water, moving at high speed, turns its absolute direction in them (measured in comparison to the surface of the earth), approximately by 180 degrees.
While in the canals, the water continually bends its absolute direction to the left, thereby pushing the wheel of the Turbine into rotation to the right. The absolute tangential rotational speed (to the right) of the wheel must be approximately the same as the speed of the water injected (to the left) into the canals from the hollow shaft, measured according to the canals. The water traverses the canals with high speed;
until it exits them with approximately zero absolute speed (measured according to the surface of the earth), and then falls to the ground.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002412583A CA2412583A1 (en) | 2002-12-16 | 2002-12-16 | Spiral water turbine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002412583A CA2412583A1 (en) | 2002-12-16 | 2002-12-16 | Spiral water turbine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2412583A1 true CA2412583A1 (en) | 2004-06-16 |
Family
ID=32514037
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002412583A Abandoned CA2412583A1 (en) | 2002-12-16 | 2002-12-16 | Spiral water turbine |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2412583A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| FR2874061A1 (en) * | 2004-08-09 | 2006-02-10 | Lasquet Patrick Clouche | Hydraulic power transforming device for dam, has S or X shaped diffusers, in case of engine with single or double rotational directions, placed inside rotor whose openings are placed in front of injectors that fill vanes |
| WO2009092633A2 (en) * | 2008-01-23 | 2009-07-30 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | System for the transport of an ore pulp in a line system located along a gradient and components of such a system |
| ES2479166R1 (en) * | 2013-01-23 | 2014-08-06 | Cristobal Lozano Fernandez | Dual reaction nozzle turbine |
| DE102015112569A1 (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2017-02-02 | Sabine Hilpert | Device for energy conversion |
-
2002
- 2002-12-16 CA CA002412583A patent/CA2412583A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2874061A1 (en) * | 2004-08-09 | 2006-02-10 | Lasquet Patrick Clouche | Hydraulic power transforming device for dam, has S or X shaped diffusers, in case of engine with single or double rotational directions, placed inside rotor whose openings are placed in front of injectors that fill vanes |
| WO2009092633A2 (en) * | 2008-01-23 | 2009-07-30 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | System for the transport of an ore pulp in a line system located along a gradient and components of such a system |
| DE102008009669A1 (en) * | 2008-01-23 | 2009-07-30 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Plant for transporting an ore pulp in a line system arranged along a gradient and components of such a system |
| WO2009092633A3 (en) * | 2008-01-23 | 2010-06-17 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | System for the transport of an ore pulp in a line system located along a gradient and components of such a system |
| US8461702B2 (en) | 2008-01-23 | 2013-06-11 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | System for the transport of an ore pulp in a line system located along a gradient, and components of such a system |
| ES2479166R1 (en) * | 2013-01-23 | 2014-08-06 | Cristobal Lozano Fernandez | Dual reaction nozzle turbine |
| DE102015112569A1 (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2017-02-02 | Sabine Hilpert | Device for energy conversion |
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