CA2341334A1 - Pressure relief device - Google Patents
Pressure relief device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2341334A1 CA2341334A1 CA 2341334 CA2341334A CA2341334A1 CA 2341334 A1 CA2341334 A1 CA 2341334A1 CA 2341334 CA2341334 CA 2341334 CA 2341334 A CA2341334 A CA 2341334A CA 2341334 A1 CA2341334 A1 CA 2341334A1
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- cap
- solder
- inlet
- valve seat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K17/00—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
- F16K17/36—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves actuated in consequence of extraneous circumstances, e.g. shock, change of position
- F16K17/38—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves actuated in consequence of extraneous circumstances, e.g. shock, change of position of excessive temperature
- F16K17/383—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves actuated in consequence of extraneous circumstances, e.g. shock, change of position of excessive temperature the valve comprising fusible, softening or meltable elements, e.g. used as link, blocking element, seal, closure plug
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Safety Valves (AREA)
- Valve Housings (AREA)
- Temperature-Responsive Valves (AREA)
Description
09/20/01 22:42 FAX 41B 8B2 7881 ~ 02341334 2001-03-20 --. 0]004 PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICE
Rripf neg~~Dtjon of the Drawinss FigLUe 1 is a cross-sectYOnal elevation view of an embodiment of the relief device of the present invention, showing the relief device in the r~on-activated position;
Figtue 2 is a cross-sectional elevation view of the relief device illustrated in Figure 1, showing the relief device in th,e activated position;
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional elevation view of another embodiment of the relief device of the present invention, showing the relief device u~ the ~aon-activated position;
Figure 4 is a cross-sectional elevation view of the relief device illustrated in Figure 3, showing the relief device in the activated po5itio~, due to excessively high temperatures;
Figure 5 is a cross-sectional elevation view of the relief device illustrated x~~ Figure 3, showing the relief device in the activated position due to excessively high inlet pressures;
Figure 6 is a cross-sectional elevation view of a further embodiment of the relief device of the present invention, showing the relief device in the non-activated position;
Figure 7 is a cross-sectional elevation view of the relief .device illustrated in Figure 6, showing the relief device in the activated position due to excessively lugh temperatures; and Figure 8 is a cross-sectional elevation view of the relief device illustrated in Figure 6, showing the relief device in the activated posxtio~, due to excessively high inlet pressures;
Detailed Deaeription The present invention provides a prESSUre relief device for venting of gases from a vessel or container in the event of unacceptably high temperature conditions in the environment immediate to the vessel or container.
The present invetxtioz~ provides a thermally activated relief device 10 comprising a body 12 including a bore 44 and a valve seat 20, a valve 24 disposed within the bore 44 and including a sealing surface 26, and atemperature sensitive bonding element 30 configured for joining the valve 24 to the body 12 below a predetermined maxiuium temperature.
03/20/01 TUE 22:41 [TX/RX NO 6160] l~]004 09/20/01 22:42 FAX 418 882 7881 ~ 02341334 2001-03-20 . 0005 In the exziboditnent illustrated in riguxes 1 and 2, the body includes au inlet 14 and out]et 16, and a fluid passage 18, whereby the inlet 14 commm-~icates with the outlet 16 via the fluid passage 18_ The inlet 14 communicates with a source of fl~.rid, such as a container or a vessel_ The valve seat 20, including an orifice 22, is formed at the inlet 14 o:f the body 12. In the eynbodiment illustrated the valve 24 comprises a piston including the sealing surface 26 for sealing closed the orifice 22 of the valve seat 20.
The thermal relief device 10 also includes a cap 2$ integral with piston 24 and joined to the body with the temperature sensitive bonding element 30. As will become apparent, cap 28 acts as a retainer or a detent configured for maintaining the sealing surface 26 in sealing contact with the valve seat 20.
The temperature sensitive bonding element comprises solder 30, and is interposed between the cap 28 and the body 12, for joining the cap 28 and the body 12. However, in other applications, the temperature sensitive bonding element can comprise of other materials which are suitable for bonding corresponding materials used in those applications. The term "solder", as used herein, refers to a metal or metallic alloy used when melted to ,join metallic surfaces.
In this respect, the solder 30 comprises a low melt alloy or a fusible metal with characteristics to effect bondiuag with the surfaces of each of the cap 28 and the body 12.
Tlte solder 3 0 is provided to j oin the cap 28 to the body 12. In this respect, the solder 30 includes a fizst surface bonded to the cap 28, and a secvz~d surface boarded to the body 12. Such bonding is effective at lower temperatw'e conditions, such as ambient temperature conditioyts. At higher terr~peratures, the bonding between the solder 30 and each of, or eitber of, the cap 28 and the body 12 becomes wealccned, thereby permitting the cap 28 to move away from the body 12 upon application of e~cternal forces to the cap 28_ 'Under normal operating conditions (i.e. when the cap 28 is joined to the body 12 by the solder 30, and temperature Conditions are n,ot sufficiently high enough to sufficiently weaken the bond between the solder 30 and each of, or either of, the cap 28 and the body 12), the cap 2$ is joined to the body 12. in this respect, the cap 28 substantially prevents movement of the piston 24, so long as the cap 28 is joined to the body 12 by the solder 30_ Moreover, so long as the cap 28 is 03/20/01 TUE 22:41 (TX/RX NO 6160] 0 005 03/20/01 22:42 FAX 41B 882 7881 ~ 02341334 2001-03-20 - C~oOB
Rripf neg~~Dtjon of the Drawinss FigLUe 1 is a cross-sectYOnal elevation view of an embodiment of the relief device of the present invention, showing the relief device in the r~on-activated position;
Figtue 2 is a cross-sectional elevation view of the relief device illustrated in Figure 1, showing the relief device in th,e activated position;
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional elevation view of another embodiment of the relief device of the present invention, showing the relief device u~ the ~aon-activated position;
Figure 4 is a cross-sectional elevation view of the relief device illustrated in Figure 3, showing the relief device in the activated po5itio~, due to excessively high temperatures;
Figure 5 is a cross-sectional elevation view of the relief device illustrated x~~ Figure 3, showing the relief device in the activated position due to excessively high inlet pressures;
Figure 6 is a cross-sectional elevation view of a further embodiment of the relief device of the present invention, showing the relief device in the non-activated position;
Figure 7 is a cross-sectional elevation view of the relief .device illustrated in Figure 6, showing the relief device in the activated position due to excessively lugh temperatures; and Figure 8 is a cross-sectional elevation view of the relief device illustrated in Figure 6, showing the relief device in the activated posxtio~, due to excessively high inlet pressures;
Detailed Deaeription The present invention provides a prESSUre relief device for venting of gases from a vessel or container in the event of unacceptably high temperature conditions in the environment immediate to the vessel or container.
The present invetxtioz~ provides a thermally activated relief device 10 comprising a body 12 including a bore 44 and a valve seat 20, a valve 24 disposed within the bore 44 and including a sealing surface 26, and atemperature sensitive bonding element 30 configured for joining the valve 24 to the body 12 below a predetermined maxiuium temperature.
03/20/01 TUE 22:41 [TX/RX NO 6160] l~]004 09/20/01 22:42 FAX 418 882 7881 ~ 02341334 2001-03-20 . 0005 In the exziboditnent illustrated in riguxes 1 and 2, the body includes au inlet 14 and out]et 16, and a fluid passage 18, whereby the inlet 14 commm-~icates with the outlet 16 via the fluid passage 18_ The inlet 14 communicates with a source of fl~.rid, such as a container or a vessel_ The valve seat 20, including an orifice 22, is formed at the inlet 14 o:f the body 12. In the eynbodiment illustrated the valve 24 comprises a piston including the sealing surface 26 for sealing closed the orifice 22 of the valve seat 20.
The thermal relief device 10 also includes a cap 2$ integral with piston 24 and joined to the body with the temperature sensitive bonding element 30. As will become apparent, cap 28 acts as a retainer or a detent configured for maintaining the sealing surface 26 in sealing contact with the valve seat 20.
The temperature sensitive bonding element comprises solder 30, and is interposed between the cap 28 and the body 12, for joining the cap 28 and the body 12. However, in other applications, the temperature sensitive bonding element can comprise of other materials which are suitable for bonding corresponding materials used in those applications. The term "solder", as used herein, refers to a metal or metallic alloy used when melted to ,join metallic surfaces.
In this respect, the solder 30 comprises a low melt alloy or a fusible metal with characteristics to effect bondiuag with the surfaces of each of the cap 28 and the body 12.
Tlte solder 3 0 is provided to j oin the cap 28 to the body 12. In this respect, the solder 30 includes a fizst surface bonded to the cap 28, and a secvz~d surface boarded to the body 12. Such bonding is effective at lower temperatw'e conditions, such as ambient temperature conditioyts. At higher terr~peratures, the bonding between the solder 30 and each of, or eitber of, the cap 28 and the body 12 becomes wealccned, thereby permitting the cap 28 to move away from the body 12 upon application of e~cternal forces to the cap 28_ 'Under normal operating conditions (i.e. when the cap 28 is joined to the body 12 by the solder 30, and temperature Conditions are n,ot sufficiently high enough to sufficiently weaken the bond between the solder 30 and each of, or either of, the cap 28 and the body 12), the cap 2$ is joined to the body 12. in this respect, the cap 28 substantially prevents movement of the piston 24, so long as the cap 28 is joined to the body 12 by the solder 30_ Moreover, so long as the cap 28 is 03/20/01 TUE 22:41 (TX/RX NO 6160] 0 005 03/20/01 22:42 FAX 41B 882 7881 ~ 02341334 2001-03-20 - C~oOB
joined to the body 12 by the solder 30, the sealing sturface 26 is maintained seated against the valve seat 20, thezeby bloclting communication between the inlet 14 and the outlet The cap 28 il~cludes a cap bond surface 34 and the body 12 includes a eompletnentary body bond surface 36, wherein each of the cap bond surface 34 and the body bo~~d surface 36 bonds with the solder 30 to effect joinder of the cap 28 to the body 12. Each of the cap bond surface 34 and the body bond surface 36 is substantially normal to the direction of moven~.ent of the piston 24.
Each of the cap 28 and the body 12 is configured to offer additions! surface axes to effect bonding with the solder 3 0, and thezeby distribute any applied loads over a lazger bond area. In this respect, the body bond surface 36 includes a recessed shoulder area 45 extending laterally about the perimeter of the bore 44 and joined to a laterally extending major bond surface 48 by a sidewall bond surface 50. To cooperate with the bond surface 3G presented by the body 12, the cap 28 includes a laterally extending major bond surface 52 for joining to the major bond surface 48 of the body 12 with the solder 30, and a depending structuze 54 for seating within and joining to the shoulder area of the body bond surface36.
The periphery of the sealing surface 26 carries a scaling member 40, such as a sealing ring or an o-ring. The sealing member 40 is configured for effecting sealing between the piston 24 and the valve seat 20, and thereby closing the orifice 22, when the piston 24 is seated against the valve seat 20, thereby preventing undesirable fluid flow from the inlet 14 and to the outlet 16 except under abnormal operating conditions (ie. undesizably high temperature conditions, when joinder between the cap 28 and the body 12 by the solder 30 is weakened, and subsequently severed). The sealing member 26 is fitted within a groove or recess 42 formed in the sealing surface 26. In one embodiment, the sealing member 26 includes azt o-ring and a backup ring pair.
A resilient member 38, such as a spring, is provided and configured to bias the piston 24 and its sealing surface 26 away from the valve scat 20 (ie_ the resilient member 38 biases tl~e piston 24 towards an unseated position in relation to the valve seat 20). In this respect, the resilient member 24 assists unseatlzxg of the piston 24 from the 'valve seat 20, which is helpful in the event of lo~uv pressure conditions at the inlet 14.
The bore 44 is provided within the body 12, and is configured to provide space .for axial movement of the piston 24 therein. The bore 44 can extend from the valve seat 20, and include a 03/20/01 TUE 22:41 fTX/RX NO 6160] ~ 006 03/20/01 22:43 FAX 418 SB2 7681 ~ 02341334 2001-03-20 -... ... X007 port 46 opening into the outlet 16. In this xespect, the space within the bore 44 between the inlet 14 and the port 46 functions as the ~lluid passage 18.
The bore 44 its a throughbore, extending from a first end 56 at the valve seat 20 to a second end 58 at an opening 60 provided in the body and defined by an aperture_ The cap 28 is joined to the exterior of the body 12 by the solder 30 to close the aperture 60.
The bore 44 includes a detest 62. As will become apparent, detest 62 acts as an abutzr~ent, configured to block or limit nnovement of the piston 24. In this respect, the detest 62 extends latezally from the inner surface 64 of the bore 44, and includes a throughbore G6 for receiving the piston 24 and pezmitting axial zmovement of the piston 24 therethxough. The detez~t 62 is further configured to capture the piston 24 within the body 12 and prevent the piston 24 from being forced out of the throughbore 44 and externally of the body 12, in the evet7t that the bond between the cap 28 and the body 12 by means of the solder 30 weakens sufficiently to permit disjoining of the cap 28 from the body 12. Designed with a view to cooperate with the cap 28, the piston 24 comprises a shaft 68, carrying an enlazged section 70 extending laterally from the shaft 68. The enlarged section 70 is disposed betyveen the detest 62 and the valve seat 20 when the sealing surface 26 of the piston 24 is seated against the valve seat 20 (lc. the enlazged section 70 is spaced from the cap 28): The enlarged section 70 is sized so as to be obstzucted by the detest 62, thereby limiting movement of the piston ~4.
The shaft 68 of the piston 24 includes a first section 72 and a second section 74, each of which extend from the enlarged section 70 in opposite directioz~s_ The first section 72 extends from the enlarged section 74 towards the valve seat 20, and includes the sealing surface 26_ The second section 74 extends froze the enlarged section 70 in a directive opposite to that of the first section 72, and is joined to cap 28_ The second section 74 is configured for unobstructed movEment througb the throughbore of the detest 62. In this respect, the exterior surface 76 of the second section 74 is defined by an outer edge 78 which is disposed within an axially extending space whose perimeter is defined by the perimeter of the throughbore 66 of the detest 62.
The enlarged section 72 of the shaft 68, in combination with the detest 62, is configuzed to effect obstruction of movement by the piston 24. When the sealing surface 26 becomes unseated from the valve seat 20. the piston 24 moves away from the valve seat 20.
Eveatua),ly, as the piston 03/20/01 TUE 22:41 fTX/RX NO 6160] l~]]007 03/20/01 22:43 FAX 418 862 7881-_, ~ 02341334 2001-03-20 w - f~0o8 24 zrr;oves further from the valve seat 20, the enlarged section 70 makes contact with the detest 62, and further moveanent of the piston 24 away from the valve seat 20 is blocked or prevented. In this respect, the enlarged section 70 includes an inclined shoulder portion 80, laterally extending from the shaft 68, and configured to sear against a cooperating shoulder portion 82 of the detest 62. Js anotlier aspect, the enlarged secti vn 70 includes an outer edge 84 which is disposed within an axially extending plane disposed externally of the space defined by the perimeter of the throughbore 66 of the decent 62. In a fiuther embodiment, the enlarged section 70 is characterized by a diameter Dl, and the throughbvre 66 is characterized by a diameter D2, and D 1 » D2.
The Enlarged section 70 carries a sealing meixaber 86, such as a sealing ring or an o-ring, such combination being configured to effect sealing between the enlarged section 70 and the tlwoughbore 44 of the body 12. The sealing inexnber 86 is fitted within a groove ox recess 88 fonned in the enlarged section 70. In this respect, such sealing substantially directs all fluid flow from the inlet 14 to the outlet 16, by preventing undesirable escape of fluids around the piston through the throughbore 44, and out of the aperture 60 fornoed in the body 12.
The detest 62 is provided on retainer 90, which is fitted within the second end 58 of the throughbore 44, to form part of the body 12. Referring to Figure 1, in one embodiment, the retainer 90 is threaded into the second end 58 of the throughbore 44. The retainer 90 includes its own throughbore .92, which forczts part of throughbore 44, and is configured to receive axial movement of the second section 74 of the shaft 68 therethrough. The throughbore 44 is further configured to block or prevent movement of the enlarged section 70 of the shaft 66. In this respect, the detest 62 comprises an inclined shoulder 82 configured to contact the enlarged section 70.
The retainer 90 also provides a surface configured for bonding with tl~e solder to effect joinder to the cap 28. In this respect, when fitted within the second end 58 of the thtoughbore 44, the retainer 90 presents an exterior surface 94 upon which the cap 28 can be joined by the solder 30.
in this respect, to effect assembly of the relief device 10, the resilient member 3 8 is inserted into the throughbore 44 and seated within a shoulder 96 formed at the rlrst end 56 of the throughbore 44.
Next, the piston 24, with its enlarged section 70, is inserted .into the throughbore A4, such that its enlarged section 70 is supported by the resilient lnember 38. The retainer 90 is then threaded into the second end 58 of the throughbore 44. Subsequently, the cap 28 is threaded onto the end of the 03/20/01 TUE 22:41 fTX/RX NO 6160] ~ 008 05/20/01 22:45 FAX 418 882 7861 ~ 02341334 2001-03-20 -.. -. _- 009 piston 24 extending from the retainer througllbore 92, and is then joined to the retainer surface 94 by bonding with the solder 30_ Under normal operating conditions, that is, when temperature conditions in the immediate environment to that of the relief device are acceptable, or do not exceed a maximum predetermined value, the solder 30 remains bonded to each of the cap 28 axad the body 12. As a result, the sealing surface 26 remains seated against the valve seat 20, and fluid flow from the inlet 14 (ie. from the vessel or container) is substantially prevented.
When temperature conditions become . undesirably high, and exceed a maximuxtt predetermined value, bonding between the solder 30 and each of, or either of, the cap 28 and the body 12 weakens_ As a result, and with reference to Figure 2, the combined forces of the resilient member 38, and those attributable to gaseous pressures at the inlet 14, act upon the cap 2$, and eventually sever the bonds between the solder 30 and each of, or either of, the cap 28 and the body 12. Once such bonds are severed, unseating of the piston 24 from the valve seat 20 by these same above-described forces is made possible, thereby effecting cot~nmunieation between the inlet 14 and the outlet 16, and facilitating pressure relief from the inlet 14 azid associated vessel or container.
Referring to higures 3, 4, and 5, in a further embodiment, the present in~entxon provides a pressure relief device 110 which can be activated by unacceptably high temperature or pressure conditions in its imnnediate environment. In this respect, the pressure relief device includes a body a 12 including a valve seat 120 and a bore 144, a valve 124 disposed in the bore 144 and including a sealing surface J 26, and atemperature sensitive bonding element 130 joining the valve 124 to the body 112 below a predetermined maximum temperature, and thereby maintaining the sealing surface 126 in sealing contact with the valve seat 120. l~ retainer 128 is joined to the body 112 with the temperature sensitise bonding element 130. Further, the retainer 128 is in contact With the valve 124 to xltereby maintain sealing surface 126 in sealing contact with the valve seat 120.
The body 112 includes an x~nlet 114 and an outlet 116, and a fluid passage 118, whereby the inlet 114 commtmicates with the outlet 116 via the i7.uid passage 118. The inlet 114 communicates with a source of. fluid, such as a vessel or contairner. The valve seat 120, including an orifice 122, is forzx~ed at the inlet 114 of the body 11.2. The valve comprises a piston 124, and including a scaling surface 126 for sealing the orifice 122. The pzesst~rc relief device 1.10 also includes a retainer 03/20/01 TUE 22;41 [TX/RX NO 6160] 0 009 03/20/01 22:44 FAX 41B 882 7881 ~ 02341334 2001-03-20 - . C~O10 128. As will become apparent, rEtainer 128 acts as a detent configured for maintainiu~g the sealing surface 26 in sealing contact with the vale seat 20.
The temperature sensitive bonding element comprises solder 130, and is interposedbetween the retainer 128 aa~d the body 112, for joining the retainer 128 and the body 112_ However, in other applications, the temperatuze sensitive bonding element can comprise of other matezials which are suitable for bonding corresponding materials used in those applications. The term "solder", as used herein, refers to a metal or metallic alloy used when melted to join metallic surfaces.
In this respect, the solder 130 comprises a love melt alloy or a fusible metal witli characteristics to effect bonding with the surfaces of each of the retainer 128 and the body 112. The solder 130 is provided to join the retainer 128 to the body 112. In this respect, the solder 130 includes a first surface bonded to the retainer 128, and a secoltd surface bonded to the body 112.
Such bonding is effective at lower temperature conditions, such as ambient temperature eonditions_ At higher temperatures, the bozzding between the soldEr 130 and each of, or either oi; the retainer 128 and the body 112 becomes weakened, thereby permitting the retainer 128 to move away from the body 112 upon application of external forces to the retainer 128.
In the Figure 3 embodiment, the retainer 128 supports or is journaled to a resilient member 138 which biases the piston 124 and its sealing surface 12G towards the valve seat 120 to close the orifice 122 (i.E. the resilient member 138 biases the piston 124 towards a seating position in relation to the valve seat 120)_ The resilient mexxzber 138 includes a first end 138a and a second end 138b.
The first end 138a is supported or jouawaled to the piston 124, and the second end 138b is suppor. ted or journaled to the retainer 128.
The bore 144 is provided witbxri the body 112, and is configured to provide space for axial mo'~ement of the piston124 therein. The bore 144 cai-~ extend from the valve seat 120, and include a pozt 146 opening into the outlet 116. In this respect, the space between the inlet 114 and the port 146 functions as the fluid passage 118. The bore 144 extends from a frst end 156 at the valve seat 120, to a second end 158 which is closed by a cap 160. The cap 160 prevents the expulsion of various components from the relief'device 110 upon the failure of the bond between the zetainer 12$
and the body 112, as will become apparent hereinafter_ 03/20/01 TUE 22.41 fTX/RX NO 6160] I~]O10 05/20/01 22:44 FAg 41B 882 7881 ~ 02341334 2001-03-20 -- - -- X011 g The bore 144 is characterized by an internal surface 162 to which the retainer 128 is j oiled by the solder 130. In one embodiment, the retainer 128 comprises an axially extending collar, which is joined along its length to the internal surface 162 of the bore 144 by the solder 130 interposed therebetween.
To effect sealing between the sealing surface 126 and tloe valve seat 120, and thereby close the oriFcc 122, the periphery of the sealing surface l26 carries a sealing member 140. In this respect, the sealing member 140 prevexats undesirable fluid flow fronn the inlet 114 to the outlet 1 I6 except under undesirably high temperai2ue conditions. Under normal operating conditions, that is, when temperature conditions in the immediate environment to that of the embodiment of the relief device 110 in Figure 3 are acceptable, or not above aprrdetermined maximum value, the solder 130 remains bonded to each of the detent 128 and the body 112. As a result, by virtue of the forces exerted by the resilient member 138, the sealing surface 126 remains seated against the valve seat 120, and fluid flvwr from the inlet 114 (i.e. f'rom the vessel or storage container) is substantially prevented.
Referring to higure 4, whentemperature exceeds a predetermined maximum value, bonding between the solder 130 and each of, or either of, the retainer 128 and the body 1 I2 weakens. As a result, the combined forces of the resilient member 138, and tliose attributable to gaseous pressure at the inlet 114, act upon the retainer 128, and eveniually sever the bonds between the solder 13 0 and each of, or either of, the retainer 128 and the body 112. Oxice such bonds are severed, support of the resilient member 138 is substantially compromised such that forces biasing the piston 124 and its sealing surface 126 to remain seated against the valve seat 12 are sigz~ii'icantly, if not substantially, rEmoved. Gaseous forces are permitted to act substantially unopposed, ox with little opposition, against the sealing surface 126, thereby cause unseating of the Sealing surface 126 from the vale seat 120. As a result, communication between the inlet 114 and outlet 116 is effected, facilitating pressure relief from the inlet 114 and associated vessel or container.
Similarly, when pressure at the inlet 114 exceeds a predetennincd maximum gal ue, the relief device 110 can also be activated (see Figure 5). At the predetermined maximum value, the pre-set compressive forces exerted by the resilient member 138 will be exceeded by the pressure at die iWet 114. The increased pressure will uz>;'eat the piston 124 and cause opening of the orifice 122. !1s a 03/20/01 TUE 22:41 fTX/RX NO 6160] I~O11 03/20/01 22:45 FAX 416 882 7881 ~ 02341334 2001-03-20 - X012 9' result, communication between the inlet 114 axed outlet 116 will be effected, thereby facilitating pressure relief from the inlet 114 (and associated vessel or container).
Unlike the case of activation of the relief device 110 in response to undesirably high temperature conditions, the removal of the abnormal pressure conditions at the inlet 114 will pennit the piston 124 to return to a seated position against the valve seat 110, thereby permitting reuse of the relief device 110. When the relief device 110 is aeti~ated by undesirably high temperature conditions, gases will flow from the inlet 114 to the outlet 11 G, and gas pressure will be reduced at the inlet 114 as gaseous inventory in the associated vessel or container becomes depleted. Once the gas pressure at the inlet 114 is reduced, below the predeternnined maximum pressure,-the compressive :forces of the resilient member 138 will again be sufficient to cause the piston 124 and its sealing member 126 to close the ozifice 122_ Referring to Figures 6, 7, and $, in another embodiment, the present invention provides a further pressure rElief device 210 which can be activated by unacceptably high temperature or pzessure conditions in the environment immediate to that of the relief device 210. In This respect, the pressure relief device includes a body 212 including a valve seat 220 and a bore 244, a piston assembly 224 disposed in the bore 244. The piston assembly includes a piston 224a and a valve 224b with a sealing surface 226. The piston 224a is joined to the body 212 below a predetermined ~z~aximum temperature by a temperature sensitive bonding element 230. The piston 224a and valve 224b arc joined by a resilient member 238 for biassing the valve 224b away from piston 224a and into sealing contact with valve seat 220.
In the embodiment illustrated, the thermally and pressure activated relief device 210 comprises a body 212, including an inlet 214 and an outlet 2I6, and a fluid passage 218, whereby the inlet 214 communicates with the outlet 216 via the ~k'luid passage 21$.
'the inlet 214 communicates with a source of fluid, such as a container or a vessel. The valve seat 220, including an orifice 222, is formed at the inlet 214 of the body 212.
The theiznally or pressure activated relief device 210 includes a cap 228, integral with piston 224b, and joined to the body 212 with the temperature sensitive bonding element 230. .A,s will become apparent, cap 228 acts as a retainer or a detent configured for maintaining the sealing surface 226 in sealing contact with the valve seat 220.
03/20/01 TUE 22:41 [TX/RX NO 6160] f~012 03/20/01 22:45 FAX 41B 882 7881 ~ 02341334 2001-03-20 . . X1013 The temperature sensitive bonding element compzises solder 230, and is interposed between a cap 228 and tt~e body 212, for joining the cap 228 and the body 212.
blowevar, in other applications, the temperature sensitive bonding element can comprise of other materials which are suitable for bonding corresponding matexnals used inthose applications. The term "solder", as used hezein, refers to a metal or metallic alloy used when melted to join metallic surfaces.
In this respect, the solder 230 comprises a low melt alloy or a fusible metal with characteristics to effect bonding with the surfaces of each of the cap 228 and the body 212. Tine solder 230 is provided to join the cap 228 to the body 212. In this respect, the solder 230 includes a first surface bonded to the cap 228, and a second surface bonded to the body 212. Such bondi~xg is effective at lower temperature conditions, such as ambient teizxperature conditions. At higher temperatures, the bonding between the solder 230 and each of, or eitlier of, the cap 228 and the body 212 becomes weakened, thereby pennitt-ing the cap 228 to move away from the body 212 upon app)ication of External forces to the cap 228.
Uader normal operating conditions, (i.e. when the cap 228 is joined to the body 212 by the solder 230, and temperature conditions are not sufficiently high enough to sufficiently weaken the bond between the solder 230 and each of, or either of, the cap 228 and the body 212), the cap 228 t s j oined to the body 212. In this respect, the cap 228 substantially prevents movement of the piston 224x, so long as the cap 228 is joined to the body 212 by the solder 230.
luloreovet, so long as the cap 228 is joined to the body 12 by the solder 30, and pressure at the inlet 214 is below the predetermined maxianum pressure, the sealing surface 226 is zzmi,~ntained seated againstthe valve seat 220, thereby blocking communication between the inlet 214 and the outlet 216.
The piston assembly 224 includes a '(xrst piston 224a and a second piston 224b. The second piston 224b fruther includes a second end including an. annular recess or bore 233 for receiving the first piston 224a, as the first piston 224a undergoes axial move~orrex~t relative to the second piston 224b_ 'Resilient member 238 is interposed between first piston 224a and second piston 224b and acts simultaneous on both the first piston 224a and the second piston 224b.
The resilient member 238 biases the first piston 224a info a sealing relationship with the valve seat 220. In this respect, the resilient menxber 238 includes a first end 238a anal second end 23Bb. The first end 238a of the 03/20/01 TUE 22;41 [TX/RX NO 6160] ~ 013 03/20/01 22:45 FAX 418 8B2 7BB1 -~ 02341334 2001-03-20 - X014 '11 resilient member 238 is effectively supported or journaled to the first piston 224a and the second end 2386 of the resilient member 238 is supported or joumaled to the second piston 2246. In one embodiment, the resilient member 238 comprises, for example, a coil spring or a stacked series of bellville spruxgs_ The sealing surface 226 includes a recessed area 242 whi eh holds a sealing member 240, such as a gasket of a sealable elastomeric material, which seals against the valve seat 220, thereby cXosing the orifice 222. The sealing member 240 is confi gored for effecting sealing between the first piston 224a and the Valve seat 220, thereby preventing undesirable fluid flow from the inlet 214 and to the outlet 216 except under abnormal operating conditions (i.e_ undesirably high temperature conditions, when joinder between the cap 228 and the body 212 by the solder is weakened, and subsequently severedj.
The bore 244 is provided within the body 212, and is configured to provide space for axial movement of the piston assembly 224 therein. The bore 244 extends from the valve seat 220, and includes a port 246 opening into the outlet 216. In this respect, the space within the bore between the inlet and the port functions as the fluid passage 218. .
The bore 244 is a throughborc, extending from a first end 256 at the valve seat 220 to a second end 25 8 at an opening 260 provided in the body 212 and defined by an aperture. The cap 228 is joined to the exterior of the body 212 by the solder 230 to close the aperture 260.
The bore 244 can include a second detent 262 or abutment configured to block or limit movement of the second piston 2246_ In this respect, the detent 262 extends laterally from the inner surface 264 of the bore 244, and includes a throughbore 266 foz receiving the second piston 2246 and permitting axial moVenoent of the second piston 2246 (and, therefore, the piston assembly 224), therethrough. '1'lxe detent 262 is further configured to capture the second piston 2246 within the body 212 and prevent the second piston 2246 from being forced out of the throughbore axed externally of the body 212, in the event that the bond between the cap 228 and the solder 230 and/or the body 212 and the solder 230 weakens sufficiently to permit disjoW ing of the cap 228 from the body 212.
Designed with a view to cooperate with the dctent 262, the second piston 2246 comprises a shaft 268, carrying an enlarged section 270 extending laterally from the shaft 268.
The enlarged section 270 is disposed between the detexxt 262 and the salve seat 220 when the sealing surface 226 of the 03/20/01 TLJE 22:41 fTX/RX NO 6160] f~014 03/20/01 22: 4B FAX 418 SB2 7681 ~ 02341334 2001-03-20 -~ ~ 015 first piston 224a is seated against the salve seat 220 (ic. the enlarged section 270 is spaced from the detent 262). The enlarged section 270 is sized so as to be obstructed by the detent 262 thereby limiting movement of the second piston 224a.
Tlae shaft 268 of the second piston 224b includes a first section 274, which extends from the enlarged section 270. The first section 274 extends from the enlarged section 270 towards the cap 228. The first section 274 is configured for unobstructed movement through the aperture 266 of the detent 262. In this respect, the exterior surface 276 of the first section 274 is defined by an outer edge 278 which is disposed within an axially extending space whose perimeter is defined by the perimeter of the throughbore 266 of the detent 262.
The enlarged section 270 of the shaft 268 in combination with the detent 262, is configured to effect obstruction of movement by the second piston 224b. When the cap 228 is no longer joined to the body 212, the second piston 224b moves in the general direction away tt'om the valve seat 220. Eventually, as the second piston 224bcontinues such movement, the enlarged section 270 makes contact mith the detent 262, and further movement of the second piston 224b away from the valve seat 220 is blocked or prevented. In this respect, the enlarged section 270 includes an inclined shoulder portion 280, laterally extending from the shaft 268, and configured to seat against a cooperati,x~g shoulder portion 282 of the detent 262. In another aspect, the enlarged section 270 includes an outer edge 284 which is disposed within an axially extending plane disposed externally of the space defined by the perimeter of the throughbore 266 of the detent 262. In a further embodiment, the enlarged section 270 is characterized by a diameter D1, and the throughbore 266 is characterized by a diameter D2, and D1 » A2 The enlarged section 270 carries a sealing member 286, such as a sealing ring or an o-ring, Such combination beiy~g configured to effect sealing between the enlarged section 270 and the throughbore 244 of the body 212. The sealing member 286 is fitted within a groove oz recess 288 formed iri the enlarged section 270_ In this respect, such sealing substantially directs all fluid flow from the inlet 214 to the outlet 216, by preventing undesirable escape of fluids around the piston assembly 224 through the througl~bore 244, and out of the aperture 260.
The detent 262 is provided on retainer 290 which is fitted within the second and 258 of the throughbore 244, to form part of the body 212. Re:Cerring to Figure 6, the retainer 290 is threaded 03/20/01 TUE 22:41 fTX/RX NO 6160] 0 015 09/20/01 22:48 FAY 41B 882 7881 ~ 02341334 2001-03-20 . X018 into the second end 258 of the throughbore 244. The retainer 290 includes its own throughbore 292, which forms part of throughbore 244, and is configured to receive axial movement of the second section 274 of the shaft 268 therethrough. The throughbore 292 is further configured to block or prevent movement of the enlarged section 270 of the shaft 2b8_ In this respect, the detent 282 comprises an W clined shoulder 282 configured to contact the enlarged section 270.
The retaiiler 290 also provides a surface eor~'llgured for bonding with the soldez to effect joinder .to the detent 278 (or cap). In this respect, wizen fitted within the second end 258 of the throughbore 244, the retainer 290 presents an exterior siu.-face 294 upon which the cap 228 can be joinedby the solder 230_ In this respect, to effect assembly of one ezmbodiment, the piston assembly 222, with the resilient member 238, is inserted into the thzoughbore X44. The retainer 290 is then thzeaded into the second end 258 of the throughbore 244. Subsequently, the cap 228 is threaded onto the end of the second piston 224b extending from the retainer throughbore 292, and is then joined to the retaxz~er 294 surface by bonding with the solder 230.
Under normal operating conditions, that is when temperature conditions i.tt the in~rnediat~
environment to that of the relief device 210 are acceptable, or do not exceed a maximum predetermined value, anal the pressure conditions at the inlet (and, therefore, in the associated vessel or container) are also acceptable, or do not exceed a maximum predetermined value, the solder 230 remains bonded to each of the cap 228 and the body 212. Fozces exerted by the resilient member 238 upon the first piston 224a are stxffxcient to overcome any opposing forces exerted by the gas pressure at the inlet 214. As a reset, the sealinb surface 226 of'tl-~e first piston 224a remain seated against the valve seat 220, closing the orifice 222, and lluid flow from the inlet 214 (i.e. from the vessel or storage container) is substantially prevented.
If, however, temperature conditions become undesirably high, or exceed a maximum predetermined value, (see rigure 7), bonding between the solder 230 and each of, or either of, the body 212 and the cap 228 weakens. As a result, the combined forces of the resilient member, and those attributabh: to gaseous pressures at the inlet 214, act upon the cap 228 and eventually sever the bonds between the solder 230 and each of, or either of, the cap 228 and the body 212. Once such bonds are severed, the piston assembly 224 is forced away from the salve seat 2~0, thereby opening 03/20/01 TUE 22;41 fTX/RX NO 6160] ~ 016 03/20/01 22:48 FAX 418 SB2 7881 ~~ pp341334 2001-03-20 - . - X017 the orifice 222 and effecting communication between the inlet 214 and the outlet 126, and facilitating pressLUe relief from the inlet 214 (and corresponding vessel or container).
Likewise, if the pressure at the inlet 214 (and in the associated vessel or storage captainer) is undesirably hish, or exceeds a predetermined ma~in~um value, the relief device 210 will also be activated (Figure 8). At the predetermined maximum 'value, the pre-set compressive forces exerted by the resilient member 238 will be e~eceeded by the pressure at the inlet 214. The increased pressure will unseat the first piston 224a and cause the first piston 224a to move into the annular recess 233 of the second piston 224b. As a result, communication between the inlet 214 and outlet 216 will be effected, thereby facilitating pressure relief'Crom the inlet 214 (and corresponding vessel or container).
Unlike the case of activation of the relief device 210 in response to undesirably high temperature conditions, the removal of the abnormal pressure conditions at the inlet will permit the first piston 224a. to return to a seated position against the valve seat 220, thereby permitting reuse of the relief device 210. When the relief device 210 is activated by undesirably high temperature conditions, gases will flow from the inlet 214 to the outlet 2I6, and gas pressure will be reduced at the inlet ? 14 as gaseous izwentory in the associated vessel or container becomes depleted. Once the gas pressure at the inlet 214 is sufficiently reduced, below predetermined maximum pressure, tlae compressive forces of the resilient member 23 8 will again be sufficient to cause first piston 224a and its sealing member 240 to reseal the valve seat 220 and close the orifice 222.
03/20/01 TUE 22:41 tTX/RX NO 6160] ~ 017
Each of the cap 28 and the body 12 is configured to offer additions! surface axes to effect bonding with the solder 3 0, and thezeby distribute any applied loads over a lazger bond area. In this respect, the body bond surface 36 includes a recessed shoulder area 45 extending laterally about the perimeter of the bore 44 and joined to a laterally extending major bond surface 48 by a sidewall bond surface 50. To cooperate with the bond surface 3G presented by the body 12, the cap 28 includes a laterally extending major bond surface 52 for joining to the major bond surface 48 of the body 12 with the solder 30, and a depending structuze 54 for seating within and joining to the shoulder area of the body bond surface36.
The periphery of the sealing surface 26 carries a scaling member 40, such as a sealing ring or an o-ring. The sealing member 40 is configured for effecting sealing between the piston 24 and the valve seat 20, and thereby closing the orifice 22, when the piston 24 is seated against the valve seat 20, thereby preventing undesirable fluid flow from the inlet 14 and to the outlet 16 except under abnormal operating conditions (ie. undesizably high temperature conditions, when joinder between the cap 28 and the body 12 by the solder 30 is weakened, and subsequently severed). The sealing member 26 is fitted within a groove or recess 42 formed in the sealing surface 26. In one embodiment, the sealing member 26 includes azt o-ring and a backup ring pair.
A resilient member 38, such as a spring, is provided and configured to bias the piston 24 and its sealing surface 26 away from the valve scat 20 (ie_ the resilient member 38 biases tl~e piston 24 towards an unseated position in relation to the valve seat 20). In this respect, the resilient member 24 assists unseatlzxg of the piston 24 from the 'valve seat 20, which is helpful in the event of lo~uv pressure conditions at the inlet 14.
The bore 44 is provided within the body 12, and is configured to provide space .for axial movement of the piston 24 therein. The bore 44 can extend from the valve seat 20, and include a 03/20/01 TUE 22:41 fTX/RX NO 6160] ~ 006 03/20/01 22:43 FAX 418 SB2 7681 ~ 02341334 2001-03-20 -... ... X007 port 46 opening into the outlet 16. In this xespect, the space within the bore 44 between the inlet 14 and the port 46 functions as the ~lluid passage 18.
The bore 44 its a throughbore, extending from a first end 56 at the valve seat 20 to a second end 58 at an opening 60 provided in the body and defined by an aperture_ The cap 28 is joined to the exterior of the body 12 by the solder 30 to close the aperture 60.
The bore 44 includes a detest 62. As will become apparent, detest 62 acts as an abutzr~ent, configured to block or limit nnovement of the piston 24. In this respect, the detest 62 extends latezally from the inner surface 64 of the bore 44, and includes a throughbore G6 for receiving the piston 24 and pezmitting axial zmovement of the piston 24 therethxough. The detez~t 62 is further configured to capture the piston 24 within the body 12 and prevent the piston 24 from being forced out of the throughbore 44 and externally of the body 12, in the evet7t that the bond between the cap 28 and the body 12 by means of the solder 30 weakens sufficiently to permit disjoining of the cap 28 from the body 12. Designed with a view to cooperate with the cap 28, the piston 24 comprises a shaft 68, carrying an enlazged section 70 extending laterally from the shaft 68. The enlarged section 70 is disposed betyveen the detest 62 and the valve seat 20 when the sealing surface 26 of the piston 24 is seated against the valve seat 20 (lc. the enlazged section 70 is spaced from the cap 28): The enlarged section 70 is sized so as to be obstzucted by the detest 62, thereby limiting movement of the piston ~4.
The shaft 68 of the piston 24 includes a first section 72 and a second section 74, each of which extend from the enlarged section 70 in opposite directioz~s_ The first section 72 extends from the enlarged section 74 towards the valve seat 20, and includes the sealing surface 26_ The second section 74 extends froze the enlarged section 70 in a directive opposite to that of the first section 72, and is joined to cap 28_ The second section 74 is configured for unobstructed movEment througb the throughbore of the detest 62. In this respect, the exterior surface 76 of the second section 74 is defined by an outer edge 78 which is disposed within an axially extending space whose perimeter is defined by the perimeter of the throughbore 66 of the detest 62.
The enlarged section 72 of the shaft 68, in combination with the detest 62, is configuzed to effect obstruction of movement by the piston 24. When the sealing surface 26 becomes unseated from the valve seat 20. the piston 24 moves away from the valve seat 20.
Eveatua),ly, as the piston 03/20/01 TUE 22:41 fTX/RX NO 6160] l~]]007 03/20/01 22:43 FAX 418 862 7881-_, ~ 02341334 2001-03-20 w - f~0o8 24 zrr;oves further from the valve seat 20, the enlarged section 70 makes contact with the detest 62, and further moveanent of the piston 24 away from the valve seat 20 is blocked or prevented. In this respect, the enlarged section 70 includes an inclined shoulder portion 80, laterally extending from the shaft 68, and configured to sear against a cooperating shoulder portion 82 of the detest 62. Js anotlier aspect, the enlarged secti vn 70 includes an outer edge 84 which is disposed within an axially extending plane disposed externally of the space defined by the perimeter of the throughbore 66 of the decent 62. In a fiuther embodiment, the enlarged section 70 is characterized by a diameter Dl, and the throughbvre 66 is characterized by a diameter D2, and D 1 » D2.
The Enlarged section 70 carries a sealing meixaber 86, such as a sealing ring or an o-ring, such combination being configured to effect sealing between the enlarged section 70 and the tlwoughbore 44 of the body 12. The sealing inexnber 86 is fitted within a groove ox recess 88 fonned in the enlarged section 70. In this respect, such sealing substantially directs all fluid flow from the inlet 14 to the outlet 16, by preventing undesirable escape of fluids around the piston through the throughbore 44, and out of the aperture 60 fornoed in the body 12.
The detest 62 is provided on retainer 90, which is fitted within the second end 58 of the throughbore 44, to form part of the body 12. Referring to Figure 1, in one embodiment, the retainer 90 is threaded into the second end 58 of the throughbore 44. The retainer 90 includes its own throughbore .92, which forczts part of throughbore 44, and is configured to receive axial movement of the second section 74 of the shaft 68 therethrough. The throughbore 44 is further configured to block or prevent movement of the enlarged section 70 of the shaft 66. In this respect, the detest 62 comprises an inclined shoulder 82 configured to contact the enlarged section 70.
The retainer 90 also provides a surface configured for bonding with tl~e solder to effect joinder to the cap 28. In this respect, when fitted within the second end 58 of the thtoughbore 44, the retainer 90 presents an exterior surface 94 upon which the cap 28 can be joined by the solder 30.
in this respect, to effect assembly of the relief device 10, the resilient member 3 8 is inserted into the throughbore 44 and seated within a shoulder 96 formed at the rlrst end 56 of the throughbore 44.
Next, the piston 24, with its enlarged section 70, is inserted .into the throughbore A4, such that its enlarged section 70 is supported by the resilient lnember 38. The retainer 90 is then threaded into the second end 58 of the throughbore 44. Subsequently, the cap 28 is threaded onto the end of the 03/20/01 TUE 22:41 fTX/RX NO 6160] ~ 008 05/20/01 22:45 FAX 418 882 7861 ~ 02341334 2001-03-20 -.. -. _- 009 piston 24 extending from the retainer througllbore 92, and is then joined to the retainer surface 94 by bonding with the solder 30_ Under normal operating conditions, that is, when temperature conditions in the immediate environment to that of the relief device are acceptable, or do not exceed a maximum predetermined value, the solder 30 remains bonded to each of the cap 28 axad the body 12. As a result, the sealing surface 26 remains seated against the valve seat 20, and fluid flow from the inlet 14 (ie. from the vessel or container) is substantially prevented.
When temperature conditions become . undesirably high, and exceed a maximuxtt predetermined value, bonding between the solder 30 and each of, or either of, the cap 28 and the body 12 weakens_ As a result, and with reference to Figure 2, the combined forces of the resilient member 38, and those attributable to gaseous pressures at the inlet 14, act upon the cap 2$, and eventually sever the bonds between the solder 30 and each of, or either of, the cap 28 and the body 12. Once such bonds are severed, unseating of the piston 24 from the valve seat 20 by these same above-described forces is made possible, thereby effecting cot~nmunieation between the inlet 14 and the outlet 16, and facilitating pressure relief from the inlet 14 azid associated vessel or container.
Referring to higures 3, 4, and 5, in a further embodiment, the present in~entxon provides a pressure relief device 110 which can be activated by unacceptably high temperature or pressure conditions in its imnnediate environment. In this respect, the pressure relief device includes a body a 12 including a valve seat 120 and a bore 144, a valve 124 disposed in the bore 144 and including a sealing surface J 26, and atemperature sensitive bonding element 130 joining the valve 124 to the body 112 below a predetermined maximum temperature, and thereby maintaining the sealing surface 126 in sealing contact with the valve seat 120. l~ retainer 128 is joined to the body 112 with the temperature sensitise bonding element 130. Further, the retainer 128 is in contact With the valve 124 to xltereby maintain sealing surface 126 in sealing contact with the valve seat 120.
The body 112 includes an x~nlet 114 and an outlet 116, and a fluid passage 118, whereby the inlet 114 commtmicates with the outlet 116 via the i7.uid passage 118. The inlet 114 communicates with a source of. fluid, such as a vessel or contairner. The valve seat 120, including an orifice 122, is forzx~ed at the inlet 114 of the body 11.2. The valve comprises a piston 124, and including a scaling surface 126 for sealing the orifice 122. The pzesst~rc relief device 1.10 also includes a retainer 03/20/01 TUE 22;41 [TX/RX NO 6160] 0 009 03/20/01 22:44 FAX 41B 882 7881 ~ 02341334 2001-03-20 - . C~O10 128. As will become apparent, rEtainer 128 acts as a detent configured for maintainiu~g the sealing surface 26 in sealing contact with the vale seat 20.
The temperature sensitive bonding element comprises solder 130, and is interposedbetween the retainer 128 aa~d the body 112, for joining the retainer 128 and the body 112_ However, in other applications, the temperatuze sensitive bonding element can comprise of other matezials which are suitable for bonding corresponding materials used in those applications. The term "solder", as used herein, refers to a metal or metallic alloy used when melted to join metallic surfaces.
In this respect, the solder 130 comprises a love melt alloy or a fusible metal witli characteristics to effect bonding with the surfaces of each of the retainer 128 and the body 112. The solder 130 is provided to join the retainer 128 to the body 112. In this respect, the solder 130 includes a first surface bonded to the retainer 128, and a secoltd surface bonded to the body 112.
Such bonding is effective at lower temperature conditions, such as ambient temperature eonditions_ At higher temperatures, the bozzding between the soldEr 130 and each of, or either oi; the retainer 128 and the body 112 becomes weakened, thereby permitting the retainer 128 to move away from the body 112 upon application of external forces to the retainer 128.
In the Figure 3 embodiment, the retainer 128 supports or is journaled to a resilient member 138 which biases the piston 124 and its sealing surface 12G towards the valve seat 120 to close the orifice 122 (i.E. the resilient member 138 biases the piston 124 towards a seating position in relation to the valve seat 120)_ The resilient mexxzber 138 includes a first end 138a and a second end 138b.
The first end 138a is supported or jouawaled to the piston 124, and the second end 138b is suppor. ted or journaled to the retainer 128.
The bore 144 is provided witbxri the body 112, and is configured to provide space for axial mo'~ement of the piston124 therein. The bore 144 cai-~ extend from the valve seat 120, and include a pozt 146 opening into the outlet 116. In this respect, the space between the inlet 114 and the port 146 functions as the fluid passage 118. The bore 144 extends from a frst end 156 at the valve seat 120, to a second end 158 which is closed by a cap 160. The cap 160 prevents the expulsion of various components from the relief'device 110 upon the failure of the bond between the zetainer 12$
and the body 112, as will become apparent hereinafter_ 03/20/01 TUE 22.41 fTX/RX NO 6160] I~]O10 05/20/01 22:44 FAg 41B 882 7881 ~ 02341334 2001-03-20 -- - -- X011 g The bore 144 is characterized by an internal surface 162 to which the retainer 128 is j oiled by the solder 130. In one embodiment, the retainer 128 comprises an axially extending collar, which is joined along its length to the internal surface 162 of the bore 144 by the solder 130 interposed therebetween.
To effect sealing between the sealing surface 126 and tloe valve seat 120, and thereby close the oriFcc 122, the periphery of the sealing surface l26 carries a sealing member 140. In this respect, the sealing member 140 prevexats undesirable fluid flow fronn the inlet 114 to the outlet 1 I6 except under undesirably high temperai2ue conditions. Under normal operating conditions, that is, when temperature conditions in the immediate environment to that of the embodiment of the relief device 110 in Figure 3 are acceptable, or not above aprrdetermined maximum value, the solder 130 remains bonded to each of the detent 128 and the body 112. As a result, by virtue of the forces exerted by the resilient member 138, the sealing surface 126 remains seated against the valve seat 120, and fluid flvwr from the inlet 114 (i.e. f'rom the vessel or storage container) is substantially prevented.
Referring to higure 4, whentemperature exceeds a predetermined maximum value, bonding between the solder 130 and each of, or either of, the retainer 128 and the body 1 I2 weakens. As a result, the combined forces of the resilient member 138, and tliose attributable to gaseous pressure at the inlet 114, act upon the retainer 128, and eveniually sever the bonds between the solder 13 0 and each of, or either of, the retainer 128 and the body 112. Oxice such bonds are severed, support of the resilient member 138 is substantially compromised such that forces biasing the piston 124 and its sealing surface 126 to remain seated against the valve seat 12 are sigz~ii'icantly, if not substantially, rEmoved. Gaseous forces are permitted to act substantially unopposed, ox with little opposition, against the sealing surface 126, thereby cause unseating of the Sealing surface 126 from the vale seat 120. As a result, communication between the inlet 114 and outlet 116 is effected, facilitating pressure relief from the inlet 114 and associated vessel or container.
Similarly, when pressure at the inlet 114 exceeds a predetennincd maximum gal ue, the relief device 110 can also be activated (see Figure 5). At the predetermined maximum value, the pre-set compressive forces exerted by the resilient member 138 will be exceeded by the pressure at die iWet 114. The increased pressure will uz>;'eat the piston 124 and cause opening of the orifice 122. !1s a 03/20/01 TUE 22:41 fTX/RX NO 6160] I~O11 03/20/01 22:45 FAX 416 882 7881 ~ 02341334 2001-03-20 - X012 9' result, communication between the inlet 114 axed outlet 116 will be effected, thereby facilitating pressure relief from the inlet 114 (and associated vessel or container).
Unlike the case of activation of the relief device 110 in response to undesirably high temperature conditions, the removal of the abnormal pressure conditions at the inlet 114 will pennit the piston 124 to return to a seated position against the valve seat 110, thereby permitting reuse of the relief device 110. When the relief device 110 is aeti~ated by undesirably high temperature conditions, gases will flow from the inlet 114 to the outlet 11 G, and gas pressure will be reduced at the inlet 114 as gaseous inventory in the associated vessel or container becomes depleted. Once the gas pressure at the inlet 114 is reduced, below the predeternnined maximum pressure,-the compressive :forces of the resilient member 138 will again be sufficient to cause the piston 124 and its sealing member 126 to close the ozifice 122_ Referring to Figures 6, 7, and $, in another embodiment, the present invention provides a further pressure rElief device 210 which can be activated by unacceptably high temperature or pzessure conditions in the environment immediate to that of the relief device 210. In This respect, the pressure relief device includes a body 212 including a valve seat 220 and a bore 244, a piston assembly 224 disposed in the bore 244. The piston assembly includes a piston 224a and a valve 224b with a sealing surface 226. The piston 224a is joined to the body 212 below a predetermined ~z~aximum temperature by a temperature sensitive bonding element 230. The piston 224a and valve 224b arc joined by a resilient member 238 for biassing the valve 224b away from piston 224a and into sealing contact with valve seat 220.
In the embodiment illustrated, the thermally and pressure activated relief device 210 comprises a body 212, including an inlet 214 and an outlet 2I6, and a fluid passage 218, whereby the inlet 214 communicates with the outlet 216 via the ~k'luid passage 21$.
'the inlet 214 communicates with a source of fluid, such as a container or a vessel. The valve seat 220, including an orifice 222, is formed at the inlet 214 of the body 212.
The theiznally or pressure activated relief device 210 includes a cap 228, integral with piston 224b, and joined to the body 212 with the temperature sensitive bonding element 230. .A,s will become apparent, cap 228 acts as a retainer or a detent configured for maintaining the sealing surface 226 in sealing contact with the valve seat 220.
03/20/01 TUE 22:41 [TX/RX NO 6160] f~012 03/20/01 22:45 FAX 41B 882 7881 ~ 02341334 2001-03-20 . . X1013 The temperature sensitive bonding element compzises solder 230, and is interposed between a cap 228 and tt~e body 212, for joining the cap 228 and the body 212.
blowevar, in other applications, the temperature sensitive bonding element can comprise of other materials which are suitable for bonding corresponding matexnals used inthose applications. The term "solder", as used hezein, refers to a metal or metallic alloy used when melted to join metallic surfaces.
In this respect, the solder 230 comprises a low melt alloy or a fusible metal with characteristics to effect bonding with the surfaces of each of the cap 228 and the body 212. Tine solder 230 is provided to join the cap 228 to the body 212. In this respect, the solder 230 includes a first surface bonded to the cap 228, and a second surface bonded to the body 212. Such bondi~xg is effective at lower temperature conditions, such as ambient teizxperature conditions. At higher temperatures, the bonding between the solder 230 and each of, or eitlier of, the cap 228 and the body 212 becomes weakened, thereby pennitt-ing the cap 228 to move away from the body 212 upon app)ication of External forces to the cap 228.
Uader normal operating conditions, (i.e. when the cap 228 is joined to the body 212 by the solder 230, and temperature conditions are not sufficiently high enough to sufficiently weaken the bond between the solder 230 and each of, or either of, the cap 228 and the body 212), the cap 228 t s j oined to the body 212. In this respect, the cap 228 substantially prevents movement of the piston 224x, so long as the cap 228 is joined to the body 212 by the solder 230.
luloreovet, so long as the cap 228 is joined to the body 12 by the solder 30, and pressure at the inlet 214 is below the predetermined maxianum pressure, the sealing surface 226 is zzmi,~ntained seated againstthe valve seat 220, thereby blocking communication between the inlet 214 and the outlet 216.
The piston assembly 224 includes a '(xrst piston 224a and a second piston 224b. The second piston 224b fruther includes a second end including an. annular recess or bore 233 for receiving the first piston 224a, as the first piston 224a undergoes axial move~orrex~t relative to the second piston 224b_ 'Resilient member 238 is interposed between first piston 224a and second piston 224b and acts simultaneous on both the first piston 224a and the second piston 224b.
The resilient member 238 biases the first piston 224a info a sealing relationship with the valve seat 220. In this respect, the resilient menxber 238 includes a first end 238a anal second end 23Bb. The first end 238a of the 03/20/01 TUE 22;41 [TX/RX NO 6160] ~ 013 03/20/01 22:45 FAX 418 8B2 7BB1 -~ 02341334 2001-03-20 - X014 '11 resilient member 238 is effectively supported or journaled to the first piston 224a and the second end 2386 of the resilient member 238 is supported or joumaled to the second piston 2246. In one embodiment, the resilient member 238 comprises, for example, a coil spring or a stacked series of bellville spruxgs_ The sealing surface 226 includes a recessed area 242 whi eh holds a sealing member 240, such as a gasket of a sealable elastomeric material, which seals against the valve seat 220, thereby cXosing the orifice 222. The sealing member 240 is confi gored for effecting sealing between the first piston 224a and the Valve seat 220, thereby preventing undesirable fluid flow from the inlet 214 and to the outlet 216 except under abnormal operating conditions (i.e_ undesirably high temperature conditions, when joinder between the cap 228 and the body 212 by the solder is weakened, and subsequently severedj.
The bore 244 is provided within the body 212, and is configured to provide space for axial movement of the piston assembly 224 therein. The bore 244 extends from the valve seat 220, and includes a port 246 opening into the outlet 216. In this respect, the space within the bore between the inlet and the port functions as the fluid passage 218. .
The bore 244 is a throughborc, extending from a first end 256 at the valve seat 220 to a second end 25 8 at an opening 260 provided in the body 212 and defined by an aperture. The cap 228 is joined to the exterior of the body 212 by the solder 230 to close the aperture 260.
The bore 244 can include a second detent 262 or abutment configured to block or limit movement of the second piston 2246_ In this respect, the detent 262 extends laterally from the inner surface 264 of the bore 244, and includes a throughbore 266 foz receiving the second piston 2246 and permitting axial moVenoent of the second piston 2246 (and, therefore, the piston assembly 224), therethrough. '1'lxe detent 262 is further configured to capture the second piston 2246 within the body 212 and prevent the second piston 2246 from being forced out of the throughbore axed externally of the body 212, in the event that the bond between the cap 228 and the solder 230 and/or the body 212 and the solder 230 weakens sufficiently to permit disjoW ing of the cap 228 from the body 212.
Designed with a view to cooperate with the dctent 262, the second piston 2246 comprises a shaft 268, carrying an enlarged section 270 extending laterally from the shaft 268.
The enlarged section 270 is disposed between the detexxt 262 and the salve seat 220 when the sealing surface 226 of the 03/20/01 TLJE 22:41 fTX/RX NO 6160] f~014 03/20/01 22: 4B FAX 418 SB2 7681 ~ 02341334 2001-03-20 -~ ~ 015 first piston 224a is seated against the salve seat 220 (ic. the enlarged section 270 is spaced from the detent 262). The enlarged section 270 is sized so as to be obstructed by the detent 262 thereby limiting movement of the second piston 224a.
Tlae shaft 268 of the second piston 224b includes a first section 274, which extends from the enlarged section 270. The first section 274 extends from the enlarged section 270 towards the cap 228. The first section 274 is configured for unobstructed movement through the aperture 266 of the detent 262. In this respect, the exterior surface 276 of the first section 274 is defined by an outer edge 278 which is disposed within an axially extending space whose perimeter is defined by the perimeter of the throughbore 266 of the detent 262.
The enlarged section 270 of the shaft 268 in combination with the detent 262, is configured to effect obstruction of movement by the second piston 224b. When the cap 228 is no longer joined to the body 212, the second piston 224b moves in the general direction away tt'om the valve seat 220. Eventually, as the second piston 224bcontinues such movement, the enlarged section 270 makes contact mith the detent 262, and further movement of the second piston 224b away from the valve seat 220 is blocked or prevented. In this respect, the enlarged section 270 includes an inclined shoulder portion 280, laterally extending from the shaft 268, and configured to seat against a cooperati,x~g shoulder portion 282 of the detent 262. In another aspect, the enlarged section 270 includes an outer edge 284 which is disposed within an axially extending plane disposed externally of the space defined by the perimeter of the throughbore 266 of the detent 262. In a further embodiment, the enlarged section 270 is characterized by a diameter D1, and the throughbore 266 is characterized by a diameter D2, and D1 » A2 The enlarged section 270 carries a sealing member 286, such as a sealing ring or an o-ring, Such combination beiy~g configured to effect sealing between the enlarged section 270 and the throughbore 244 of the body 212. The sealing member 286 is fitted within a groove oz recess 288 formed iri the enlarged section 270_ In this respect, such sealing substantially directs all fluid flow from the inlet 214 to the outlet 216, by preventing undesirable escape of fluids around the piston assembly 224 through the througl~bore 244, and out of the aperture 260.
The detent 262 is provided on retainer 290 which is fitted within the second and 258 of the throughbore 244, to form part of the body 212. Re:Cerring to Figure 6, the retainer 290 is threaded 03/20/01 TUE 22:41 fTX/RX NO 6160] 0 015 09/20/01 22:48 FAY 41B 882 7881 ~ 02341334 2001-03-20 . X018 into the second end 258 of the throughbore 244. The retainer 290 includes its own throughbore 292, which forms part of throughbore 244, and is configured to receive axial movement of the second section 274 of the shaft 268 therethrough. The throughbore 292 is further configured to block or prevent movement of the enlarged section 270 of the shaft 2b8_ In this respect, the detent 282 comprises an W clined shoulder 282 configured to contact the enlarged section 270.
The retaiiler 290 also provides a surface eor~'llgured for bonding with the soldez to effect joinder .to the detent 278 (or cap). In this respect, wizen fitted within the second end 258 of the throughbore 244, the retainer 290 presents an exterior siu.-face 294 upon which the cap 228 can be joinedby the solder 230_ In this respect, to effect assembly of one ezmbodiment, the piston assembly 222, with the resilient member 238, is inserted into the thzoughbore X44. The retainer 290 is then thzeaded into the second end 258 of the throughbore 244. Subsequently, the cap 228 is threaded onto the end of the second piston 224b extending from the retainer throughbore 292, and is then joined to the retaxz~er 294 surface by bonding with the solder 230.
Under normal operating conditions, that is when temperature conditions i.tt the in~rnediat~
environment to that of the relief device 210 are acceptable, or do not exceed a maximum predetermined value, anal the pressure conditions at the inlet (and, therefore, in the associated vessel or container) are also acceptable, or do not exceed a maximum predetermined value, the solder 230 remains bonded to each of the cap 228 and the body 212. Fozces exerted by the resilient member 238 upon the first piston 224a are stxffxcient to overcome any opposing forces exerted by the gas pressure at the inlet 214. As a reset, the sealinb surface 226 of'tl-~e first piston 224a remain seated against the valve seat 220, closing the orifice 222, and lluid flow from the inlet 214 (i.e. from the vessel or storage container) is substantially prevented.
If, however, temperature conditions become undesirably high, or exceed a maximum predetermined value, (see rigure 7), bonding between the solder 230 and each of, or either of, the body 212 and the cap 228 weakens. As a result, the combined forces of the resilient member, and those attributabh: to gaseous pressures at the inlet 214, act upon the cap 228 and eventually sever the bonds between the solder 230 and each of, or either of, the cap 228 and the body 212. Once such bonds are severed, the piston assembly 224 is forced away from the salve seat 2~0, thereby opening 03/20/01 TUE 22;41 fTX/RX NO 6160] ~ 016 03/20/01 22:48 FAX 418 SB2 7881 ~~ pp341334 2001-03-20 - . - X017 the orifice 222 and effecting communication between the inlet 214 and the outlet 126, and facilitating pressLUe relief from the inlet 214 (and corresponding vessel or container).
Likewise, if the pressure at the inlet 214 (and in the associated vessel or storage captainer) is undesirably hish, or exceeds a predetermined ma~in~um value, the relief device 210 will also be activated (Figure 8). At the predetermined maximum 'value, the pre-set compressive forces exerted by the resilient member 238 will be e~eceeded by the pressure at the inlet 214. The increased pressure will unseat the first piston 224a and cause the first piston 224a to move into the annular recess 233 of the second piston 224b. As a result, communication between the inlet 214 and outlet 216 will be effected, thereby facilitating pressure relief'Crom the inlet 214 (and corresponding vessel or container).
Unlike the case of activation of the relief device 210 in response to undesirably high temperature conditions, the removal of the abnormal pressure conditions at the inlet will permit the first piston 224a. to return to a seated position against the valve seat 220, thereby permitting reuse of the relief device 210. When the relief device 210 is activated by undesirably high temperature conditions, gases will flow from the inlet 214 to the outlet 2I6, and gas pressure will be reduced at the inlet ? 14 as gaseous izwentory in the associated vessel or container becomes depleted. Once the gas pressure at the inlet 214 is sufficiently reduced, below predetermined maximum pressure, tlae compressive forces of the resilient member 23 8 will again be sufficient to cause first piston 224a and its sealing member 240 to reseal the valve seat 220 and close the orifice 222.
03/20/01 TUE 22:41 tTX/RX NO 6160] ~ 017
Claims
1. A relief device comprising:
a body including a valve seat and a bore;
a valve disposed within the bore and including a sealing surface;
a temperature sensitive bonding element,joining the vale to the body, for maintaining the sealing surface in sealing contact with the valve seat.
a body including a valve seat and a bore;
a valve disposed within the bore and including a sealing surface;
a temperature sensitive bonding element,joining the vale to the body, for maintaining the sealing surface in sealing contact with the valve seat.
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2341334 CA2341334A1 (en) | 2001-03-20 | 2001-03-20 | Pressure relief device |
| EP02704534A EP1370789A1 (en) | 2001-03-20 | 2002-03-20 | Pressure relief device |
| PCT/CA2002/000372 WO2002075191A1 (en) | 2001-03-20 | 2002-03-20 | Pressure relief device |
| CA002436210A CA2436210A1 (en) | 2001-03-20 | 2002-03-20 | Pressure relief device |
| US10/141,974 US6814097B2 (en) | 2001-03-20 | 2002-05-10 | Pressure relief device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2341334 CA2341334A1 (en) | 2001-03-20 | 2001-03-20 | Pressure relief device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2341334A1 true CA2341334A1 (en) | 2002-09-20 |
Family
ID=4168651
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2341334 Abandoned CA2341334A1 (en) | 2001-03-20 | 2001-03-20 | Pressure relief device |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1370789A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2341334A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2002075191A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6814097B2 (en) | 2001-03-20 | 2004-11-09 | Teleflex Gfi Control Systems L.P. | Pressure relief device |
| EP1418372A1 (en) * | 2002-11-08 | 2004-05-12 | Luxembourg Patent Company S.A. | Thermally activated relief valve |
| DE102019132152A1 (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2021-05-27 | Schako Klima Luft Ferdinand Schad Kg | Device for triggering an actuating element |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1068645A (en) * | 1965-02-22 | 1967-05-10 | Gas Council | Improvements relating to cut-off valves |
| US4744382A (en) | 1987-04-29 | 1988-05-17 | Aluminum Company Of America | Combination thermal or pressure activated relief valve |
| US4744383A (en) | 1987-04-29 | 1988-05-17 | Aluminum Company Of America | Thermally activated valve |
| US5632297A (en) | 1995-09-26 | 1997-05-27 | Amcast Industrial Corporation | Piston-type thermally or pressure activated relief device |
| US5791367A (en) * | 1996-01-25 | 1998-08-11 | Gas Research Institute | Pressure relief device |
| FR2780477B1 (en) * | 1998-06-26 | 2000-09-08 | Thomson Marconi Sonar Sas | SHUTTER FOR FLUID WITH REMOTE OPENING, IN PARTICULAR FOR RELEASING A SUCTION CUP |
| US6125872A (en) * | 1998-11-10 | 2000-10-03 | Westinghouse Air Brake Company | Temperature activated diversion valve |
| JP2000310346A (en) * | 1999-04-23 | 2000-11-07 | Masayuki Takahashi | Temperature limited safety relief valve for hot water supply device |
-
2001
- 2001-03-20 CA CA 2341334 patent/CA2341334A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2002
- 2002-03-20 EP EP02704534A patent/EP1370789A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-03-20 WO PCT/CA2002/000372 patent/WO2002075191A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2002075191B1 (en) | 2003-01-16 |
| WO2002075191A1 (en) | 2002-09-26 |
| EP1370789A1 (en) | 2003-12-17 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Dead |