CA2299512C - A planetary high-energy ball mill and a milling method - Google Patents
A planetary high-energy ball mill and a milling method Download PDFInfo
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- CA2299512C CA2299512C CA 2299512 CA2299512A CA2299512C CA 2299512 C CA2299512 C CA 2299512C CA 2299512 CA2299512 CA 2299512 CA 2299512 A CA2299512 A CA 2299512A CA 2299512 C CA2299512 C CA 2299512C
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
- B02C17/04—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls with unperforated container
- B02C17/08—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls with unperforated container with containers performing a planetary movement
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Abstract
A Planetary High-Energy Ball mill is for producing nanosized powders and it includes: (a) a main axis which can not only rotate but also up and Down, (b) a roll-bearing to be fixed on nether end of the main axis, a revolvable plate to be fixed on the top of the main axis, and several able-swing shafts installed in the plate. (c) a plurality of planetary motion mill pots are fixed on the support canisters which are supported by able-swing shafts. (d) A stationary ring which is disposed coaxially with the main axis and serves as the orbit for mill pots. (e) impact bars on the bottom of mill pots using magnet technology to disperse doposited powders. The invention solves the problems of powders deposited on the bottom of mill pot , avoids tire ruption applied to private shaft which supports mill pots, improves stress distribution. So it capable for industrial-scale producing nanosized powders. The present invention also introduces a milling method for producing a wide variety of nano-scaled ceramic, metal and composite by selecting metal materials from the period table and the ceramic materials from the group of oxide, carbide, nitride, chloride, boride, silicide, sulfite etc .
Description
A PLANETARY HIGH-ENERGY BALL MILL AND A MILLING METHOD
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an milling apparatus for producing nano-sized metal or ceramic powders, and more particularly, it relates to prepare composite of metals and ceramics at a high production rate.
There are many methods for preparing nanosized powders, powdered metal-compound or composite: Vacuum synthesis techniques, laser ablation, Gas-phase synthesis includes inert gas condensation, laser-induced vaporization, laser pyrolysis, and flame hydrolysis. Condensed-phase synthesis includes reduction of metal ions in an acidic aqueous solution, liquid phase precipitation of semiconductor clusters, and decomposition-precipitation of ionic materials for ceramic clusters, chemical vapor deposition (CVD and sol-gel techniques .The nano-scale particles are known to exhibit unique physical and chemical properties. The novel properties of nano-crystalline materials are the result of their small residual pore sizes , limited grain sizes, phase or domain dimensions, and large fraction of atoms residing in interfaces. In a mufti-phase material, limited phase dimensions could imply a limited crack propagation path if the brittle phase is surrounded by ductile phases, so the cracks in a brittle phase would not easily reach a critical crack size. Even with only one constituent phase, nano-crystalline materials may be considered as two-phase materials. The possibilities for reacting, coating, and mixing various types of nano-materials create the potential for fabricating new composites with nano-sized phases and novel properties.
Not only the structure, but also the mechanical, electronic, optical, magnetic and thermal properties of nano-crystalline materials are different from those exhibited by their bulk counterparts.
Specifically, ceramics fabricated from ultra-fine particles are known to possess high strength and toughness because of the ultra-fne intrinsic defect sizes and the ability for grain boundaries to undergo a large plastic deformation. Ultra-fine particles can be sintered at much lower temperatures also.
For a review on nano-phase materials please refer to A. N. Goldstein, "Handbook of Nanophase Materials", Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1997. Tuhe techniques for the generation of nanosized particles may be divided into three broad categories: vacuum, gas-phase, and condensed-phase synthesis. Vacuum synthesis techniques include sputtering, laser ablation, and liquid-metal ion sources. Gas-phase synthesis includes inert gas condensation, oven sources (for direct evaporation into a gas to produce an aerosol or smoke of clusters), laser-induced vaporization, laser pyrolysis, and flame hydrolysis. Condensed-phase synthesis includes reduction of metal ions in an acidic -t aqueous solution, liquid phase precipitation of semiconductor clusters, and decomposition-precipitation of ionic materials for ceramic clusters. Other methods include mix-alloy processing, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and sol-gel techniques. All of these techniques have one or more of the following problems or shortcomings:
( 1 ) Most of these prior-art techniques suffer from a severe drawback:
extremely low production rates. It is not unusual to fmd a production rate of several grams a day in a laboratory scale device.
Vacuum sputtering, for instance, only produces small amounts of particles at a time. Laser ablation and laser-assisted chemical vapor deposition techniques are also well-known to be excessively slow processes. These low production rates, resulting in high product costs, have severely limited the utility value of nano-phase materials. There is, therefore, a clear need for a faster, more cost-effective method for preparing nano-sized powder materials.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an milling apparatus for producing nano-sized metal or ceramic powders, and more particularly, it relates to prepare composite of metals and ceramics at a high production rate.
There are many methods for preparing nanosized powders, powdered metal-compound or composite: Vacuum synthesis techniques, laser ablation, Gas-phase synthesis includes inert gas condensation, laser-induced vaporization, laser pyrolysis, and flame hydrolysis. Condensed-phase synthesis includes reduction of metal ions in an acidic aqueous solution, liquid phase precipitation of semiconductor clusters, and decomposition-precipitation of ionic materials for ceramic clusters, chemical vapor deposition (CVD and sol-gel techniques .The nano-scale particles are known to exhibit unique physical and chemical properties. The novel properties of nano-crystalline materials are the result of their small residual pore sizes , limited grain sizes, phase or domain dimensions, and large fraction of atoms residing in interfaces. In a mufti-phase material, limited phase dimensions could imply a limited crack propagation path if the brittle phase is surrounded by ductile phases, so the cracks in a brittle phase would not easily reach a critical crack size. Even with only one constituent phase, nano-crystalline materials may be considered as two-phase materials. The possibilities for reacting, coating, and mixing various types of nano-materials create the potential for fabricating new composites with nano-sized phases and novel properties.
Not only the structure, but also the mechanical, electronic, optical, magnetic and thermal properties of nano-crystalline materials are different from those exhibited by their bulk counterparts.
Specifically, ceramics fabricated from ultra-fine particles are known to possess high strength and toughness because of the ultra-fne intrinsic defect sizes and the ability for grain boundaries to undergo a large plastic deformation. Ultra-fine particles can be sintered at much lower temperatures also.
For a review on nano-phase materials please refer to A. N. Goldstein, "Handbook of Nanophase Materials", Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1997. Tuhe techniques for the generation of nanosized particles may be divided into three broad categories: vacuum, gas-phase, and condensed-phase synthesis. Vacuum synthesis techniques include sputtering, laser ablation, and liquid-metal ion sources. Gas-phase synthesis includes inert gas condensation, oven sources (for direct evaporation into a gas to produce an aerosol or smoke of clusters), laser-induced vaporization, laser pyrolysis, and flame hydrolysis. Condensed-phase synthesis includes reduction of metal ions in an acidic -t aqueous solution, liquid phase precipitation of semiconductor clusters, and decomposition-precipitation of ionic materials for ceramic clusters. Other methods include mix-alloy processing, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and sol-gel techniques. All of these techniques have one or more of the following problems or shortcomings:
( 1 ) Most of these prior-art techniques suffer from a severe drawback:
extremely low production rates. It is not unusual to fmd a production rate of several grams a day in a laboratory scale device.
Vacuum sputtering, for instance, only produces small amounts of particles at a time. Laser ablation and laser-assisted chemical vapor deposition techniques are also well-known to be excessively slow processes. These low production rates, resulting in high product costs, have severely limited the utility value of nano-phase materials. There is, therefore, a clear need for a faster, more cost-effective method for preparing nano-sized powder materials.
(2) Some processes require expensive precursor materials to ceramic powders and could result in harmful gas.
(3) Most of the prior-art processes are capable of producing a particular type of metallic or ceramic powder at a time, but do not permit the preparation of a uniform mixture of two or more types of nano-scaled powders at a predetermined proportion.
(4) Most of the prior-art processes require heavy and/or expensive equipment, resulting in high production costs. In the precipitation of ultra-fine particles form the vapor phase, when using thermal plasmas or laser beams as energy sources, the particle sizes and size distribution can not be precisely controlled. Also, the reaction conditions usually lead to a broad particle size distribution as well as the appearance of individual particles having diameters that are multiples of the average particle size.
However, the ball milling technique has a great potential for preparing powders,but the conventional ball mill that the axis of the milling pot is fixed by the bearings have disadvantages:
powders can only be produced up to a certain fineness (down to 0.5 micrometer) and with a relatively broad particle-size distribution. Prior art grinding mills are disclosed in the following U.S.
patents: U.S.Pat.No.5,029,760 (July 9, 1991), 5,205,499 (April 27, 1993), 5,356,084 (Oct.l8, 1994) and 5,375,783 (Dec.27, 1994). Above four patents are to R.L.Gamblin. In the last patent , he reviewed and summarized The drawbacks or shortcomings of these and other prior art grinding mills and related methods before his invention. Other related U.S. and foreign patents include:
U.S. Patent No. 4,579,289 (April 1, 1986 to Siebke, Tycho); U.S. Patent No.
4,715,205(December 29, 1987 to Fazan, Bernard) ;U.S. patent No. 5,035,131(July 30, 1991) ,5,113,623(May 19, 1992), -z-5,170,652(December 15, 1992), 5,187,965 {February 23, 1993), 5,287,714(February 22, 1994) to Figge, Dieter and Fink, Peter ; U.S. Patent No.5,232,169 (Aug.3, 1993 to K.Kaneko, et al.); U.S.
Patent 5,522,558 (June 4, 1996 to K.Kaneko);Canadian patent No.( May 11, 1948 to THOR H.
LJUNGGREN);Canadian patent No. 594012(Mar. 8, 1960 ), 667482(July 23, 1963) and 975590 (Oct. 7 , 1975) to TADEUSZ SENDZIMIR ; Canadian patent No.1285793(July 9 , 1991 to Fazan, Bernard); Canadian patent No.2024120(Aug. 28, 1990) , 2044658(June 14, 1991 ) to Figge, Dieter.
All these prior art grinding ball mills have one or more shortcomings in terms of power, efficiency, capacity, production rate, bulkiness, and/or equipment costs. Some of these grinding mills are not suitable for use in producing nanometer-scaled powder particles.
Among the prior art mills, the high-energy ball mills that involve planetary motions of mill pots appear to have the greatest potential for use in the preparation of nano-sized particles . A
laboratory-scale planetary ball mill (see FIG.1)for preparing nanosized powders had been invented by the FRITSCH GMBH
in Germany) , but this producing efficiency is very low, it needs exceed 10 hours for preparing only several hundred grams of nanosized powders generally. If the power and efficiency of a ball mill can be significantly improved, ball milling technique can become a mass production method for preparing nano-scaled powders.
The present invention is a reasonable high energy planetary ball mill (see FIG.2, FIG.3, FIG. 4 and FIGS).
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A preferred embodiment of the present invention is a planetary ball mill apparatus for producing nanometer-scaled powders. This high energy planetary ball mill is composed of six major components:
1. A main axis that can not olny rotate, but also up or down .
2. A revolvable plate to be fixed with axis .
3. A stationary ring which is disposed coaxially with the main axis and serves as the orbit for mill pots.
4. Several planetary mill pots are fixed with the support canisters which are supported by the able-swing shafts. These able-swing shafts are connected with the grooves on the plate via the pins. On the other hand , several impact bars for dispersing the powders deposited on the bottom of the pots are installed in the support canisters.
5. A screw for moving the main axis up or down.
However, the ball milling technique has a great potential for preparing powders,but the conventional ball mill that the axis of the milling pot is fixed by the bearings have disadvantages:
powders can only be produced up to a certain fineness (down to 0.5 micrometer) and with a relatively broad particle-size distribution. Prior art grinding mills are disclosed in the following U.S.
patents: U.S.Pat.No.5,029,760 (July 9, 1991), 5,205,499 (April 27, 1993), 5,356,084 (Oct.l8, 1994) and 5,375,783 (Dec.27, 1994). Above four patents are to R.L.Gamblin. In the last patent , he reviewed and summarized The drawbacks or shortcomings of these and other prior art grinding mills and related methods before his invention. Other related U.S. and foreign patents include:
U.S. Patent No. 4,579,289 (April 1, 1986 to Siebke, Tycho); U.S. Patent No.
4,715,205(December 29, 1987 to Fazan, Bernard) ;U.S. patent No. 5,035,131(July 30, 1991) ,5,113,623(May 19, 1992), -z-5,170,652(December 15, 1992), 5,187,965 {February 23, 1993), 5,287,714(February 22, 1994) to Figge, Dieter and Fink, Peter ; U.S. Patent No.5,232,169 (Aug.3, 1993 to K.Kaneko, et al.); U.S.
Patent 5,522,558 (June 4, 1996 to K.Kaneko);Canadian patent No.( May 11, 1948 to THOR H.
LJUNGGREN);Canadian patent No. 594012(Mar. 8, 1960 ), 667482(July 23, 1963) and 975590 (Oct. 7 , 1975) to TADEUSZ SENDZIMIR ; Canadian patent No.1285793(July 9 , 1991 to Fazan, Bernard); Canadian patent No.2024120(Aug. 28, 1990) , 2044658(June 14, 1991 ) to Figge, Dieter.
All these prior art grinding ball mills have one or more shortcomings in terms of power, efficiency, capacity, production rate, bulkiness, and/or equipment costs. Some of these grinding mills are not suitable for use in producing nanometer-scaled powder particles.
Among the prior art mills, the high-energy ball mills that involve planetary motions of mill pots appear to have the greatest potential for use in the preparation of nano-sized particles . A
laboratory-scale planetary ball mill (see FIG.1)for preparing nanosized powders had been invented by the FRITSCH GMBH
in Germany) , but this producing efficiency is very low, it needs exceed 10 hours for preparing only several hundred grams of nanosized powders generally. If the power and efficiency of a ball mill can be significantly improved, ball milling technique can become a mass production method for preparing nano-scaled powders.
The present invention is a reasonable high energy planetary ball mill (see FIG.2, FIG.3, FIG. 4 and FIGS).
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A preferred embodiment of the present invention is a planetary ball mill apparatus for producing nanometer-scaled powders. This high energy planetary ball mill is composed of six major components:
1. A main axis that can not olny rotate, but also up or down .
2. A revolvable plate to be fixed with axis .
3. A stationary ring which is disposed coaxially with the main axis and serves as the orbit for mill pots.
4. Several planetary mill pots are fixed with the support canisters which are supported by the able-swing shafts. These able-swing shafts are connected with the grooves on the plate via the pins. On the other hand , several impact bars for dispersing the powders deposited on the bottom of the pots are installed in the support canisters.
5. A screw for moving the main axis up or down.
6. Two motors for driving the main axis and screw respectively. When the main axis rotating driven by the motor via the gear pair , the plate will rotate too, the mill pots will be put on the ring due to the centrifugal force, then the mill pots can also rotate surrounding its own axis due to the friction counterforce that the ring giving mill pots . In this invent , a mill pot not only can revolve surround its own pivotal shaft , but also can revolve surround the main axis follow the plate. It is a emblematical planetary motion ,and it means these balls or particles in the mill pots bear double rotating movement to surround self shaft and the main axis. It is the planetary movement that the particles in the pots can be ground to nanosized powers most efficaciously by the balls in the pots with large force. After the ball mill work several hours, the thick particles will be ground to form fine powders, these fine powders will deposit on the bottom of the pots , it is adverse for continue milling. In present invention, we solve the problem: When the main axis moves to the top , these mill pots will tend horizontal situations, then using The impact bars located at the bottom of the pots can help to disperse the fine powders in the pots. In the present invention, because of the able-swing shaft for supporting the mill pot does not revolve, so the able-swing shaft can avoid tire rupture. In addition ,the stress distributing can be improved compared with ordinary planetary ball mill.
Advantages of the present invention may be summarized as follows:
(I) In present invention , because of the pivotal shaft supported the pot does not revolve but only swing, so the shaft can avoid tire rupture; in addition the stress distributing can be improved compared with ordinary planetary ball mill. So the present invention allows to adopt large capacity pots and can endure high frequency impact for industrial-scale producing nanosized powders.
(2) A specific characteristic of present invention is the powders on the bottom of the pots can be dispersed by the impact bars , it is propitious to fining the powders, sequentially.
(3) A wide variety of nano-scaled ceramic, metal and composite is that composed of ceramics and metals particles can be readily produced. The metal materials can be selected from the period table.
The ceramic materials can be selected from the group of oxide, carbide, nitride, chloride, boride, silicide ,sulfite and so on.
(4) The present invented planetary ball mill exhibits large forces and working frequencies to drive the grinding balls to impact particles.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG.I A schematic sketch of a conventional planetary ball mill.
FIG.2 Working situation when the main axis at the regular position.
FIG.3 Working situation when the main axis up to the highest position.
FIG.4 The figure of the plate.
FIGS The figure of the able-swing shaft.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In order to illustrate how the present invented planetary ball mill differs from the conventional one, a detailed analysis follows:
1. Figure 1 shows a conventional high-energy planetary ball mill. A small drive rotating pulley 2 is connected to a motor 1 and receives rotational forces therefrom.These rotational forces are transmitted from a small pulley 2 to a large pulley 4 through a belt 3. Mill pots 7 are held symmetrically on a rotary turntable 5. This rotary turntable, also referred to as the main shaft, is mounted on the same rotary shaft as the large pulley 4. The central rotary shaft 6 of each mill pot 7 forms a revolving pair with the turntable 5. The bottom end of the shaft 6 is connected to and supported by a planetary pulley 9. The pulley 9 corresponding to each mill pot is connected to a central pulley 8 tluough a belt based transmission system, forming a planetary motion pair. The central pulley 8 is disposed coaxially with the large drive pulley 4 and the turntable 5 on the same base. The two drive pulleys 4, 5 and the auxiliary central pulley 8 share a common central axis.
When starting the motor l, the turntable 5 will rotate and all the mill pots will undergo a primary rovolving motion surround the central axis. At the same time, each mill pot 7,working congruently with the auxiliary pulley 8, will make a planetary motion. In this vertical style ball mill, the pivot axes of all rotary bodies are vertical to the floor. As compared to a conventional fixed shaft mill system, it is far more complex to calculate the motions of balls in a planetary ball mill. This is because each mill pot 7 not only revolves around the central shaft axis but also undergoes a spin surround its own axis. But the producing efficiency of this conventional high-energy planetary ball mill is very low, this is because of its design is not reasonable . The main problem of the planetary ball mill is: The shaft to support mill pot is permited revolve surround self axis, so the root of the shaft bear maximal moment , and the cycle stress can easily bring on tire rupture . This shortage limited the speed of the axis of the ball mill and the size of the mill pots.
-s-2. Fig.2 and Fig.3 show present invented high-energy planetary ball mill. In the present invention, when starting the motor 25, the power of the motor 25 transferred to main axis 23 via gear pair 28, 15 and key 24, so the main axis 23 will rotate. The motor 25 is fixed on shelf 27 by the bolts 26, the gear 28 is fixed on shaft of the motor by bolt 29 . A revolvable plate 33 is fixed on the top of the main axis 23 via key 42 , bolt 43 and mat 44 . When starting the motor 17, the screw 18 will rotate due to the power of the motor 17 can be transferred via gear pair 50,52 , so the fork 19 will be driven at up or down, and the main axis 23 will up or down too. Main axis 23 up and down is due to a roll-bearing 22 that is controlled by the fork 19 which is fixed on the bottom of the main axis, the bolt 20 and mat 21 for fixing the bearing and the bolt 49,51 for fixing gears.
The main axis 23 has a long key groove for up or down. The motor 25,17 are fixed on the shelf 27 by the bolts 26,16 respectively . The shelf 27 is fixed on annular shell 12 by the bolt 14, and the shell 12 is fixed on a standing seat 30 by the bolts 13. The main axis 23 can slip relative to a sleeve 45 which is supported by the roll-bearing 47,53 , and the sleeve 45 also rotates following the main axis 23 by the key 24.
On the other hand, the bearing 47,53 are embedded into the annular shell 12, the cover 46,54 for bearing are fixed on annular shell 12 by the bolts 48,55,and a stationary ring 36 which is disposed coaxially with the main axis 23 is fixed on the shell 12 by the bolts 35.
Several mill pots 37 are fixed with corresponding support canister 10 with impact bar 4, the support canister 10 is supported by the able-swing shafts 40 which can swing but can not rotate relatively to plate 33. A end of the able-swing shafts 40 is connected with the corresponding grooves on the plate 33 via the pins 41 and the nut 11, these grooves are distributed averagely on the plate, and another end is bolted by a nut 38 and mat 39, the pots can revolve following support canister 10 surround the axis of the able-swing shafts 40 . The impact bar 4 can help to disperse the powders 3 deposited on the bottom of the pots 37. In Fig.3, when the main axis moves to the top , these pots 37 will tend horizontal situations. The small iron pole 34 which is felted with impact bar 4 will near the magnet 32 that is fixed on non-magnetic plate 33 by the bolts 31, so the small iron pole 34 will be magnetized by the magnet 32 resists the elasticity of the spring 5( the spring will be compressed) , then let the impact bars 4 leave the pots 37 a distance, due to the pots 37 will roll on the ring 36 ceaselessly, and the iron pole 34 will leave the magnet 32, then the impact bars 4 will bump the bottom of the pots 37, it is frequently bump the pots that these powders on the bottom will be dispersed, so when the axis 23 down, these dispersed powders can be propitious to be fined by balls 2 sequentially. A cover 6 is fixed with the pots 37 by bolts 7 and nut 8, and a sealing ring 1 can avoid the ultrafine powders and the gas or the liquid in the pots to be leaked out. Same bolts 7 through the flange of the support canister 10 , then the mill pot is fixed with the support canister 10 via nut 9, so the pots will rotate following the support canister 10.
3. Fig.4 is the figure of the plate. Its characteristic is that there are several quadrate grooves for installing the able-swing shafts on the plate. This structure permits the able-swing shaft swing but does not revolve. The number of the grooves can be any value except one. But the distributing of the grooves on the plate must be even for balance.
4. Fig.S is the figure of the able-swing shaft. Its characteristic is the nether section of the able-swing shaft is not rounded but is quadrate . This structure make sure the able-swing shaft swing but not revolve.
Advantages of the present invention may be summarized as follows:
(I) In present invention , because of the pivotal shaft supported the pot does not revolve but only swing, so the shaft can avoid tire rupture; in addition the stress distributing can be improved compared with ordinary planetary ball mill. So the present invention allows to adopt large capacity pots and can endure high frequency impact for industrial-scale producing nanosized powders.
(2) A specific characteristic of present invention is the powders on the bottom of the pots can be dispersed by the impact bars , it is propitious to fining the powders, sequentially.
(3) A wide variety of nano-scaled ceramic, metal and composite is that composed of ceramics and metals particles can be readily produced. The metal materials can be selected from the period table.
The ceramic materials can be selected from the group of oxide, carbide, nitride, chloride, boride, silicide ,sulfite and so on.
(4) The present invented planetary ball mill exhibits large forces and working frequencies to drive the grinding balls to impact particles.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG.I A schematic sketch of a conventional planetary ball mill.
FIG.2 Working situation when the main axis at the regular position.
FIG.3 Working situation when the main axis up to the highest position.
FIG.4 The figure of the plate.
FIGS The figure of the able-swing shaft.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In order to illustrate how the present invented planetary ball mill differs from the conventional one, a detailed analysis follows:
1. Figure 1 shows a conventional high-energy planetary ball mill. A small drive rotating pulley 2 is connected to a motor 1 and receives rotational forces therefrom.These rotational forces are transmitted from a small pulley 2 to a large pulley 4 through a belt 3. Mill pots 7 are held symmetrically on a rotary turntable 5. This rotary turntable, also referred to as the main shaft, is mounted on the same rotary shaft as the large pulley 4. The central rotary shaft 6 of each mill pot 7 forms a revolving pair with the turntable 5. The bottom end of the shaft 6 is connected to and supported by a planetary pulley 9. The pulley 9 corresponding to each mill pot is connected to a central pulley 8 tluough a belt based transmission system, forming a planetary motion pair. The central pulley 8 is disposed coaxially with the large drive pulley 4 and the turntable 5 on the same base. The two drive pulleys 4, 5 and the auxiliary central pulley 8 share a common central axis.
When starting the motor l, the turntable 5 will rotate and all the mill pots will undergo a primary rovolving motion surround the central axis. At the same time, each mill pot 7,working congruently with the auxiliary pulley 8, will make a planetary motion. In this vertical style ball mill, the pivot axes of all rotary bodies are vertical to the floor. As compared to a conventional fixed shaft mill system, it is far more complex to calculate the motions of balls in a planetary ball mill. This is because each mill pot 7 not only revolves around the central shaft axis but also undergoes a spin surround its own axis. But the producing efficiency of this conventional high-energy planetary ball mill is very low, this is because of its design is not reasonable . The main problem of the planetary ball mill is: The shaft to support mill pot is permited revolve surround self axis, so the root of the shaft bear maximal moment , and the cycle stress can easily bring on tire rupture . This shortage limited the speed of the axis of the ball mill and the size of the mill pots.
-s-2. Fig.2 and Fig.3 show present invented high-energy planetary ball mill. In the present invention, when starting the motor 25, the power of the motor 25 transferred to main axis 23 via gear pair 28, 15 and key 24, so the main axis 23 will rotate. The motor 25 is fixed on shelf 27 by the bolts 26, the gear 28 is fixed on shaft of the motor by bolt 29 . A revolvable plate 33 is fixed on the top of the main axis 23 via key 42 , bolt 43 and mat 44 . When starting the motor 17, the screw 18 will rotate due to the power of the motor 17 can be transferred via gear pair 50,52 , so the fork 19 will be driven at up or down, and the main axis 23 will up or down too. Main axis 23 up and down is due to a roll-bearing 22 that is controlled by the fork 19 which is fixed on the bottom of the main axis, the bolt 20 and mat 21 for fixing the bearing and the bolt 49,51 for fixing gears.
The main axis 23 has a long key groove for up or down. The motor 25,17 are fixed on the shelf 27 by the bolts 26,16 respectively . The shelf 27 is fixed on annular shell 12 by the bolt 14, and the shell 12 is fixed on a standing seat 30 by the bolts 13. The main axis 23 can slip relative to a sleeve 45 which is supported by the roll-bearing 47,53 , and the sleeve 45 also rotates following the main axis 23 by the key 24.
On the other hand, the bearing 47,53 are embedded into the annular shell 12, the cover 46,54 for bearing are fixed on annular shell 12 by the bolts 48,55,and a stationary ring 36 which is disposed coaxially with the main axis 23 is fixed on the shell 12 by the bolts 35.
Several mill pots 37 are fixed with corresponding support canister 10 with impact bar 4, the support canister 10 is supported by the able-swing shafts 40 which can swing but can not rotate relatively to plate 33. A end of the able-swing shafts 40 is connected with the corresponding grooves on the plate 33 via the pins 41 and the nut 11, these grooves are distributed averagely on the plate, and another end is bolted by a nut 38 and mat 39, the pots can revolve following support canister 10 surround the axis of the able-swing shafts 40 . The impact bar 4 can help to disperse the powders 3 deposited on the bottom of the pots 37. In Fig.3, when the main axis moves to the top , these pots 37 will tend horizontal situations. The small iron pole 34 which is felted with impact bar 4 will near the magnet 32 that is fixed on non-magnetic plate 33 by the bolts 31, so the small iron pole 34 will be magnetized by the magnet 32 resists the elasticity of the spring 5( the spring will be compressed) , then let the impact bars 4 leave the pots 37 a distance, due to the pots 37 will roll on the ring 36 ceaselessly, and the iron pole 34 will leave the magnet 32, then the impact bars 4 will bump the bottom of the pots 37, it is frequently bump the pots that these powders on the bottom will be dispersed, so when the axis 23 down, these dispersed powders can be propitious to be fined by balls 2 sequentially. A cover 6 is fixed with the pots 37 by bolts 7 and nut 8, and a sealing ring 1 can avoid the ultrafine powders and the gas or the liquid in the pots to be leaked out. Same bolts 7 through the flange of the support canister 10 , then the mill pot is fixed with the support canister 10 via nut 9, so the pots will rotate following the support canister 10.
3. Fig.4 is the figure of the plate. Its characteristic is that there are several quadrate grooves for installing the able-swing shafts on the plate. This structure permits the able-swing shaft swing but does not revolve. The number of the grooves can be any value except one. But the distributing of the grooves on the plate must be even for balance.
4. Fig.S is the figure of the able-swing shaft. Its characteristic is the nether section of the able-swing shaft is not rounded but is quadrate . This structure make sure the able-swing shaft swing but not revolve.
Claims (10)
1.A planetary high-energy ball mill for producing nanometer-scale powders, comprising (a) a vertical main shaft that is revolvable and glide-able up or down;
(b) a revolvable plate fixed on a top of said main shaft;
(c) at least two un-magnetized support canisters disposed around said revolvable plate via swing-able pivotal shafts with substantially equal distance between one another, a mill pot fixed into each of said support canisters;
(d) said support canisters operable to rotate in unison about said main shaft while self-rotating about their own said swing-able pivotal shafts, said support canisters self-rotated due to friction counterforce received from a stationary ring;
(e) said stationary ring disposed coaxially with said main shaft ;
(f) an inside ring of a ball bearing fixed at a bottom of said main shaft, wherein an external ring of said ball bearing is clamped by a clamp, said clamp driven by a transmission screw for driving said main shaft up or down.
(b) a revolvable plate fixed on a top of said main shaft;
(c) at least two un-magnetized support canisters disposed around said revolvable plate via swing-able pivotal shafts with substantially equal distance between one another, a mill pot fixed into each of said support canisters;
(d) said support canisters operable to rotate in unison about said main shaft while self-rotating about their own said swing-able pivotal shafts, said support canisters self-rotated due to friction counterforce received from a stationary ring;
(e) said stationary ring disposed coaxially with said main shaft ;
(f) an inside ring of a ball bearing fixed at a bottom of said main shaft, wherein an external ring of said ball bearing is clamped by a clamp, said clamp driven by a transmission screw for driving said main shaft up or down.
2. An apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein said main shaft includes one or more long keyways located parallel to an axis of said main shaft.
3. An apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein said revolvable plate includes more than one quadrate grooves for mounting said swing-able pivotal shafts, and wherein a middle plane of said more than one quadrate grooves is radial to said main shaft, and said more than one quadrate grooves are disposed symmetrically.
4. An apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein said stationary ring is circular in shape, wherefrom said support canisters can receive friction counterforce which drives said support canisters self-rotating about their own said swing-able pivotal shafts.
5. An apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein said support canisters are self-rotating about their own said swing-able pivotal shafts using bah bearing means.
6. An apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein each of said support canisters, upper parts of said support canister have space for fitting said mill pot, lower parts of said support canister have more than two holes disposed around said swing-able pivotal shafts with equal distance between one hole and another, wherein a magnetize impact pole and a spring are inserted into each of said holes.
7. An apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein said swing-able pivotal shafts can not rotate when said main shaft slides from bottom to top, said swing-able pivotal shafts will change from a vertical position to a horizontal position smoothly when said main shaft slides from said top to said bottom, and said swing-able pivotal shafts will change from said horizontal position back to said vertical position smoothly.
8. An apparatus as set forth in claim 6, further comprising a magnet mounted proximate said impact pole such that said impact pole can be attracted.
9. An apparatus as set forth in claim 1 or 2, further comprising a main motor configured to drive said main shaft using gear transmission means and key connect means.
10. An apparatus as set forth in claim 1, further comprising an auxiliary motor configured to move said main shaft up or down using gear transmission means and said screw driving means, while said external ring of said ball bearing is clamped by said clamp.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2299512 CA2299512C (en) | 2000-02-22 | 2000-02-22 | A planetary high-energy ball mill and a milling method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2299512 CA2299512C (en) | 2000-02-22 | 2000-02-22 | A planetary high-energy ball mill and a milling method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2299512A1 CA2299512A1 (en) | 2001-08-22 |
| CA2299512C true CA2299512C (en) | 2004-08-17 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2299512 Expired - Lifetime CA2299512C (en) | 2000-02-22 | 2000-02-22 | A planetary high-energy ball mill and a milling method |
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| Country | Link |
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| CA (1) | CA2299512C (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105382264A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2016-03-09 | 薛俊峰 | Preparation method of self-disperse nano-titanium metal slurry |
| CN105107580A (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2015-12-02 | 江苏天鹏机电制造有限公司 | Planetary ball mill |
| CN105080669A (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2015-11-25 | 江苏天鹏机电制造有限公司 | Planetary ball mill |
| CN106944199A (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-07-14 | 桂林理工大学 | Inclined planetary ball mill and system |
| CN112121718A (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2020-12-25 | 吉安市海洲医药化工有限公司 | A centrifugal agitating unit for toluene sulfonylurea |
| CN114324433B (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2024-06-07 | 中国葛洲坝集团水泥有限公司 | XRF analysis-based rapid detection method for heavy metal chromium in sulfate slag |
-
2000
- 2000-02-22 CA CA 2299512 patent/CA2299512C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2299512A1 (en) | 2001-08-22 |
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