CA2285327C - Automated surveying for radiation - Google Patents
Automated surveying for radiation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2285327C CA2285327C CA002285327A CA2285327A CA2285327C CA 2285327 C CA2285327 C CA 2285327C CA 002285327 A CA002285327 A CA 002285327A CA 2285327 A CA2285327 A CA 2285327A CA 2285327 C CA2285327 C CA 2285327C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- signals
- area
- counts
- location
- energy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012857 radioactive material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 description 3
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- XQPRBTXUXXVTKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium iodide Chemical compound [I-].[Cs+] XQPRBTXUXXVTKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013213 extrapolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V5/00—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity
- G01V5/02—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity specially adapted for surface logging, e.g. from aircraft
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
Portable equipment includes a GPS receiver (16), a receiver for differential correction signals (22) and a data logger (14), and also a gamma detector (30) whose signal pulses are classified into three energy ranges; the counts in these energy ranges are stored in the data logger (14). Once an area has been surveyed, the stored data on position and count rates can subsequently be downloaded from the logger (14) to a computer (34) for analysis.
Description
Automated Surveving for Radiation This invention relates to a method and an apparatus for surveying an area for radiation from radioactive materials, and for recording the locations at which radiation is detected.
It iknown to survey an area for the presence of nuclear radiation by scanning a geiger counter; an operator can note down hip; Location (relati.ve to convenient landmarks) i~ the count rate exceeds the expected background level. Such an instrument is portable, and might be used to search for radioactive minerals, or for localised areas of contamination. A
more sophisticated survey instrument incorporates a gamma spectrometer, combined with a locating instrument utilising ground-based or satellite-based radio signals (such as Decca, Loran, or GPS), but this is both expensive and too large and heavy to be portable - it might be moved by helicopter or in a vehicle.
According to the present invention there is provided a portable apparatus for surveying an area for radiation, the apparatus comprising a GPS locating instrument, to enable the apparatus to be located to better than ~ 2.0 m, a gamma-sensitive scintillator to provide signals corresponding to the energy of detected gamma rays, means to classify the signals into a plurality of different energy ranges, and to count the numbers of signals in each energy range, and automatic memory means to record the location and the said counts at intervals.
It is generally necessary to provide correction signals to the GPS positional information, the correction signals being derived from a fixed base station, to enable the required positional accuracy to be achieved.
WO 98/44364 PCTlGB98/00951
It iknown to survey an area for the presence of nuclear radiation by scanning a geiger counter; an operator can note down hip; Location (relati.ve to convenient landmarks) i~ the count rate exceeds the expected background level. Such an instrument is portable, and might be used to search for radioactive minerals, or for localised areas of contamination. A
more sophisticated survey instrument incorporates a gamma spectrometer, combined with a locating instrument utilising ground-based or satellite-based radio signals (such as Decca, Loran, or GPS), but this is both expensive and too large and heavy to be portable - it might be moved by helicopter or in a vehicle.
According to the present invention there is provided a portable apparatus for surveying an area for radiation, the apparatus comprising a GPS locating instrument, to enable the apparatus to be located to better than ~ 2.0 m, a gamma-sensitive scintillator to provide signals corresponding to the energy of detected gamma rays, means to classify the signals into a plurality of different energy ranges, and to count the numbers of signals in each energy range, and automatic memory means to record the location and the said counts at intervals.
It is generally necessary to provide correction signals to the GPS positional information, the correction signals being derived from a fixed base station, to enable the required positional accuracy to be achieved.
WO 98/44364 PCTlGB98/00951
- 2 -It may be possible to achieve even better positional accuracy, for example to better than ~ -0.5m.
In the preferred embodiment. there are three different energy ranges. The thresholds between the energy ranges may be set. in accordance with the radionuclides which are to be detected, and may for example be adjusted and calibrated in comparison to signals from a gamma spectrometer prior to use of the apparatus, using a standard gamma source.
The memory mean. is desirably arranged to recor:-d the data at regular time inter-~.ral:~, for example once every second. The apparatus can be carried by an operator around an area to be surveyed, for example in a back pack, and the stored data can subsequently be downloaded from the memory means into a computer. The computer may display a map of the area, indicating any areas where radiation was detected, possibly displaying contours of equal radiation; and also indicating any areas which have not been surveyed.
Thus the invention also provides a method for surveying an area for radiation from radioactive materials, wherein an operator carries a portable surveying apparatus around the area, the apparatus comprising a GPS locating instrument to enable the apparatus to be located to better than ~ 2.0 m, a gamma-sensitive scintillator to provide signals corresponding to the energy of detected gamma rays, means to classify the signals into a plurality of different energy ranges, and to count the numbers of signals in each energy range, and automatic memory means to record the location and the said counts, the location and the said counts being recorded at sufficiently frequent intervals that the
In the preferred embodiment. there are three different energy ranges. The thresholds between the energy ranges may be set. in accordance with the radionuclides which are to be detected, and may for example be adjusted and calibrated in comparison to signals from a gamma spectrometer prior to use of the apparatus, using a standard gamma source.
The memory mean. is desirably arranged to recor:-d the data at regular time inter-~.ral:~, for example once every second. The apparatus can be carried by an operator around an area to be surveyed, for example in a back pack, and the stored data can subsequently be downloaded from the memory means into a computer. The computer may display a map of the area, indicating any areas where radiation was detected, possibly displaying contours of equal radiation; and also indicating any areas which have not been surveyed.
Thus the invention also provides a method for surveying an area for radiation from radioactive materials, wherein an operator carries a portable surveying apparatus around the area, the apparatus comprising a GPS locating instrument to enable the apparatus to be located to better than ~ 2.0 m, a gamma-sensitive scintillator to provide signals corresponding to the energy of detected gamma rays, means to classify the signals into a plurality of different energy ranges, and to count the numbers of signals in each energy range, and automatic memory means to record the location and the said counts, the location and the said counts being recorded at sufficiently frequent intervals that the
- 3 -operator has moved no more than 2.0 m between successive such records, and the method also comprising subsequently downloading the recorded data, and thereby generating and displaying a map of the area showing values of gamma rate counts.
Tlle data concerning location and counts is preferably recorded every second, which enables an operator to walk over the area, at a normal walking pace, to generate the data for a comprehensive survey. To ensure that the entire area is surveyed, tlue operator will usually walk to and fro from one side of the area to the opposite side, successive paths being for example parallel lines at a spacing of i.0 m. The count rate data is preferably recorded even if no GPS signal is obtained (for example because the operator passes under a tree), and can also be subsequently downloaded; it may be possible to calculate the corresponding locations by interpolation or extrapolation from previous and/or successive locations at which a GPS signal was obtained.
Thus all the count rate data is recorded, as unprocessed, raw data, and this uncorrupted data can be retrieved subsequently if desired.
The portable apparatus desirably also includes a display to show the location as determined by GPS, so that if the operator wishes to return subsequently to a specific part of the survey area (for example because the displayed map indicates that no measurements were taken in that area) he can readily do so. It may also include a display to show the count rate.
The invention will now be further and more particularly described by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
_ 4 _ Figure 1 is a block diagram cf surveying apparatus;
and Figure 2 is a circuit diagram of part. of the surveying apparatu;> oB Fi gore 1 .
Referring to Figure 1, a surveying apparatus 10 includes a backpack 12 (indicated by a broken line) to be carried by an operator. All the equipmentin the backpack 12 is powered by batteuie~ (not shown). The backpack 12, include: a date: logger: 14 wlncln ar one :second interval~> stores digital data from a GPS receiver 16, and a signal processor 18 (de.>cribed below in more detail with reference to Figure 2).
The GPS receiver 16 is a 'I'rimble GPS Pathfinder (trade mark) which has twelve channels to receive signals via an aerial 20 from three or more GPS satellites at once. The aerial 20 can also receive marine band (300 kHz) differential correction information from a base station such as a lighthouse, if such information is broadcast without encryption, so enabling the GPS
receiver 16 to determine its position to about ~ 1 metre.
In some parts of the world differential correction information is broadcast in encrypted form (for example by Trinity House/Scorpio Marine), or is broadcast as an RDS signal on a non-marine band wavelength (for example by Classic FM), the radio transmitter being indicated at 21, and the backpack 12 includes a radio receiver 22 for receiving such signals and providing them to the GPS
receiver 16, so the receiver 16 can continuously and accurately determine its position. The data logger-14 may incorporate a display to show the current position.-If neither source of differential correction information is available then the apparatus 10 would include a second, identical GPS receiver 24 with an aerial 25 and a _ __ T __ ___ _.__._____
Tlle data concerning location and counts is preferably recorded every second, which enables an operator to walk over the area, at a normal walking pace, to generate the data for a comprehensive survey. To ensure that the entire area is surveyed, tlue operator will usually walk to and fro from one side of the area to the opposite side, successive paths being for example parallel lines at a spacing of i.0 m. The count rate data is preferably recorded even if no GPS signal is obtained (for example because the operator passes under a tree), and can also be subsequently downloaded; it may be possible to calculate the corresponding locations by interpolation or extrapolation from previous and/or successive locations at which a GPS signal was obtained.
Thus all the count rate data is recorded, as unprocessed, raw data, and this uncorrupted data can be retrieved subsequently if desired.
The portable apparatus desirably also includes a display to show the location as determined by GPS, so that if the operator wishes to return subsequently to a specific part of the survey area (for example because the displayed map indicates that no measurements were taken in that area) he can readily do so. It may also include a display to show the count rate.
The invention will now be further and more particularly described by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
_ 4 _ Figure 1 is a block diagram cf surveying apparatus;
and Figure 2 is a circuit diagram of part. of the surveying apparatu;> oB Fi gore 1 .
Referring to Figure 1, a surveying apparatus 10 includes a backpack 12 (indicated by a broken line) to be carried by an operator. All the equipmentin the backpack 12 is powered by batteuie~ (not shown). The backpack 12, include: a date: logger: 14 wlncln ar one :second interval~> stores digital data from a GPS receiver 16, and a signal processor 18 (de.>cribed below in more detail with reference to Figure 2).
The GPS receiver 16 is a 'I'rimble GPS Pathfinder (trade mark) which has twelve channels to receive signals via an aerial 20 from three or more GPS satellites at once. The aerial 20 can also receive marine band (300 kHz) differential correction information from a base station such as a lighthouse, if such information is broadcast without encryption, so enabling the GPS
receiver 16 to determine its position to about ~ 1 metre.
In some parts of the world differential correction information is broadcast in encrypted form (for example by Trinity House/Scorpio Marine), or is broadcast as an RDS signal on a non-marine band wavelength (for example by Classic FM), the radio transmitter being indicated at 21, and the backpack 12 includes a radio receiver 22 for receiving such signals and providing them to the GPS
receiver 16, so the receiver 16 can continuously and accurately determine its position. The data logger-14 may incorporate a display to show the current position.-If neither source of differential correction information is available then the apparatus 10 would include a second, identical GPS receiver 24 with an aerial 25 and a _ __ T __ ___ _.__._____
4 PCT/GB98/00951 data logger 26, situated at an accurately known position, referred r_o as a base station 27.
The data logger 14 in the backpack 12 not only S stores signals from the GPS receiver indicating its position, but also signals from the signal processor 18 which receives signals from a higlu efficiency 75 mm diameter sodium iodide scintillator 30 with a photomultiplier 32. The scintillator 30 detects ganuna 1(I rays, and the plnotomultiplier ~2 generates electrical pulses whose magnitude is related to the energy of tlm detected gamma ray;;. The signal processor 18 rec:eivea this seiie;~ oL analogue pulses, county the numbers of pulses in each of three different energy r-ange:~, and 15 provides these counts as digital signals to the data logger 14 every second.
After an operator has walked to and fro with the equipment in the backpack 12 over the area to be 20 surveyed, the data from the logger 14 is down-loaded into a computer 34. The computer 34 analyses the data and can for example provide a map output displaying the gamma ray intensity at different parts of the area, highlighting any parts of the area which have not been surveyed. The 25 gamma ray counts at different energy windows can allow specific radio isotopes to be identified. Tf ir_ had been necessary to use a base station 27, then the data from the data logger 26 is also downloaded to the computer 34, which corrects the positional information provided by the 30 GPS receiver 16. Thus the generation of a map displaying the measured values of gamma counts can be performed automatically by the computer 34. A contour map showing variations in gamma intensity over the surveyed area may-also be displayed.
_ 6 Referring now to Figure ~~, this show a circuit diagram of part of the ~i.gn~~l processor 18. The analogue pulses from the photomultipl.ier 32 are supplied via a buffer (not shown) and input lead 40 to the positive inputs of_ three differ==:tial amplifiers 41, 42 and 43.
The negative inputs cf one amplifiers 41, 42 and 43 are connected to adju~;table resistor contact; 44, 45 and 46 respectively which form, part of a potential divider network 47 between two =fixed voltage level ~ V, and V_,.
The contact 44 i.~ set .,~ the amplifies 41 give~~ an output signal for any input pu'_~E-~ abovE_ the noi"e level . The contacts 45 anc~ 46 ar.-a per ao tlec= amplify ei--:> 42 and 43 give output sigrmls fur- any inpmt pulse ~ large? than respective thresholds, v.he threshold for the amplifier 43 being the higher of the two. The output ::signals from the amplifier 41 are supplied vi.a a buffer 48 to microcontroller 50, and the output signals from the amplifiers 42 and 43 are supplied via respective buffers 48 to bistable latch units 52 which provide output signals to the microcontroller 50.
When the microcontroller 50 detects the back edge of a pulse from the amplifier 41 it reads the state of each latch unit 52 to see if it has received a pulse, and then transmits a reset. signGl via lead 59 to each latch unit 52. The microcontroller 50 counts the numbers of pulses received via each amplifier 41, 42 end 43, and once a second these three counts are transmitted (as digital signals) to the data lcgger 14 via the output lead 55, and the stored counts are reset to zero. The signal processor 18 also includes a liquid crystal display 56 which may be switched to display the number pf counts per second in both digital and pseudo-analogue form. It may be arranged to display the total count rate (i.e. those provided by amplifier 41), the count rate below the lower T __ _... ___ __ T
threshold (i.e. the count 'rom amplifier 41 minus the count from amplifier 42), the count rate in the energy windova between the two thresholds (i.e. the count from amplifier 42 minus the count from amplifier 43), or the count rate above the upper threshold (i.e. t1e count. from amplifieu 4J). The microcontrolle~_- 50 also pr.-ovides an output. digital signal for every pulse received from the ampli.fiEr 41, which can be supplied to headphones 58 for the operator.
It v,~ill be appreciatec: that a surveyinca apparatus may differ from that descr~.bed above while remaining within tire ;cope of the i r:-.-ention. For example the scintillator might be of caesium iodide, and might be of a different sire to tluat described. The location and the count rates might; be recorced at different intervals, such as every 10 seconds, or every 0.5 second. All the components to be carried by the operator were described as being in the backpack 12, but it will be appreciated that an operator might instead carry some of the components separately, connected electrically to the components in the backpack 12. For example he might hold the display 56 in one hand, to be able to see what count rate is being recorded, and he might carry the scintillator 30 and photomultiplier 32 on a shoulder strap, adjusted so the scir:tillator 30 is about 0.5 m above the ground.
A surveying apparatus might include other types of detectors, for example a diode to detect beta radiation, along with a signal processor similar to the processor 18 described above including a microcontroller to count the detected beta rays. A surveying apparatus might thus include a plurality of microcontrollers; and these may be connected in cascade, so the stored counts from one are transmitted to the next in the chain, to be transmitted o _ on along the chain along with its own stored counts. The last one in the chain would then transmit to the data logger 14 the counts detected by each signal processor.
t ____~~
The data logger 14 in the backpack 12 not only S stores signals from the GPS receiver indicating its position, but also signals from the signal processor 18 which receives signals from a higlu efficiency 75 mm diameter sodium iodide scintillator 30 with a photomultiplier 32. The scintillator 30 detects ganuna 1(I rays, and the plnotomultiplier ~2 generates electrical pulses whose magnitude is related to the energy of tlm detected gamma ray;;. The signal processor 18 rec:eivea this seiie;~ oL analogue pulses, county the numbers of pulses in each of three different energy r-ange:~, and 15 provides these counts as digital signals to the data logger 14 every second.
After an operator has walked to and fro with the equipment in the backpack 12 over the area to be 20 surveyed, the data from the logger 14 is down-loaded into a computer 34. The computer 34 analyses the data and can for example provide a map output displaying the gamma ray intensity at different parts of the area, highlighting any parts of the area which have not been surveyed. The 25 gamma ray counts at different energy windows can allow specific radio isotopes to be identified. Tf ir_ had been necessary to use a base station 27, then the data from the data logger 26 is also downloaded to the computer 34, which corrects the positional information provided by the 30 GPS receiver 16. Thus the generation of a map displaying the measured values of gamma counts can be performed automatically by the computer 34. A contour map showing variations in gamma intensity over the surveyed area may-also be displayed.
_ 6 Referring now to Figure ~~, this show a circuit diagram of part of the ~i.gn~~l processor 18. The analogue pulses from the photomultipl.ier 32 are supplied via a buffer (not shown) and input lead 40 to the positive inputs of_ three differ==:tial amplifiers 41, 42 and 43.
The negative inputs cf one amplifiers 41, 42 and 43 are connected to adju~;table resistor contact; 44, 45 and 46 respectively which form, part of a potential divider network 47 between two =fixed voltage level ~ V, and V_,.
The contact 44 i.~ set .,~ the amplifies 41 give~~ an output signal for any input pu'_~E-~ abovE_ the noi"e level . The contacts 45 anc~ 46 ar.-a per ao tlec= amplify ei--:> 42 and 43 give output sigrmls fur- any inpmt pulse ~ large? than respective thresholds, v.he threshold for the amplifier 43 being the higher of the two. The output ::signals from the amplifier 41 are supplied vi.a a buffer 48 to microcontroller 50, and the output signals from the amplifiers 42 and 43 are supplied via respective buffers 48 to bistable latch units 52 which provide output signals to the microcontroller 50.
When the microcontroller 50 detects the back edge of a pulse from the amplifier 41 it reads the state of each latch unit 52 to see if it has received a pulse, and then transmits a reset. signGl via lead 59 to each latch unit 52. The microcontroller 50 counts the numbers of pulses received via each amplifier 41, 42 end 43, and once a second these three counts are transmitted (as digital signals) to the data lcgger 14 via the output lead 55, and the stored counts are reset to zero. The signal processor 18 also includes a liquid crystal display 56 which may be switched to display the number pf counts per second in both digital and pseudo-analogue form. It may be arranged to display the total count rate (i.e. those provided by amplifier 41), the count rate below the lower T __ _... ___ __ T
threshold (i.e. the count 'rom amplifier 41 minus the count from amplifier 42), the count rate in the energy windova between the two thresholds (i.e. the count from amplifier 42 minus the count from amplifier 43), or the count rate above the upper threshold (i.e. t1e count. from amplifieu 4J). The microcontrolle~_- 50 also pr.-ovides an output. digital signal for every pulse received from the ampli.fiEr 41, which can be supplied to headphones 58 for the operator.
It v,~ill be appreciatec: that a surveyinca apparatus may differ from that descr~.bed above while remaining within tire ;cope of the i r:-.-ention. For example the scintillator might be of caesium iodide, and might be of a different sire to tluat described. The location and the count rates might; be recorced at different intervals, such as every 10 seconds, or every 0.5 second. All the components to be carried by the operator were described as being in the backpack 12, but it will be appreciated that an operator might instead carry some of the components separately, connected electrically to the components in the backpack 12. For example he might hold the display 56 in one hand, to be able to see what count rate is being recorded, and he might carry the scintillator 30 and photomultiplier 32 on a shoulder strap, adjusted so the scir:tillator 30 is about 0.5 m above the ground.
A surveying apparatus might include other types of detectors, for example a diode to detect beta radiation, along with a signal processor similar to the processor 18 described above including a microcontroller to count the detected beta rays. A surveying apparatus might thus include a plurality of microcontrollers; and these may be connected in cascade, so the stored counts from one are transmitted to the next in the chain, to be transmitted o _ on along the chain along with its own stored counts. The last one in the chain would then transmit to the data logger 14 the counts detected by each signal processor.
t ____~~
Claims (8)
1. A method for surveying an area for radiation from radioactive materials, wherein an operator carries a portable surveying apparatus around the area, the apparatus comprising a GPS locating instrument to enable the apparatus to be located to better than ~ 2.0 m, and characterised in that the apparatus also comprises a gamma-sensitive scintillator to provide signals corresponding to the energy of detected gamma rays, means to classify the signals into three different energy ranges, and to count the numbers of signals in each energy range, and automatic memory means to record the location and the said counts, the location and the said counts being recorded at sufficiently frequent intervals that the operator has moved no more than 2.0 m between successive such records, and in that the method also comprises subsequently downloading the recorded data, and thereby generating and displaying a map of the area showing values of gamma rate counts.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the operator carries the apparatus at normal walking pace, and the location and the counts are recorded at least once every second.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the map indicates any parts of the surveyed area from which count rate data was not obtained.
4. A portable apparatus for surveying an area for radiation, the apparatus comprising a GPS locating instrument to enable the apparatus to be located to better than ~ 2.0 m, and characterised by also comprising a gamma-sensitive scintillator to provide signals corresponding to the energy of detected gamma rays, means to classify the signals into three different energy ranges, and to count the numbers of signals in each energy range, and automatic memory means to record the location and the said courts at least once every second.
5. An apparatus as claimed in claim 4 also comprising means to provide correction signals to the GPS positional information, the correction signals being derived from a fixed base station.
6. An apparatus as claimed in claim 4 or claim 5 including means to enable the thresholds of the energy ranges to be adjusted.
7. An apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 6 also comprising a display to indicate the current location of the apparatus as determined by the GPS
locating instrument.
locating instrument.
8. An apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 8 also comprising means to indicate to the operator a current value of count rate.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB9706659.1A GB9706659D0 (en) | 1997-04-02 | 1997-04-02 | Automated surveying for radiation |
| GB9706659.1 | 1997-04-02 | ||
| PCT/GB1998/000951 WO1998044364A1 (en) | 1997-04-02 | 1998-03-30 | Automated surveying for radiation |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2285327A1 CA2285327A1 (en) | 1998-10-08 |
| CA2285327C true CA2285327C (en) | 2004-11-02 |
Family
ID=10810144
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002285327A Expired - Lifetime CA2285327C (en) | 1997-04-02 | 1998-03-30 | Automated surveying for radiation |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0972213A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU6846198A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2285327C (en) |
| GB (1) | GB9706659D0 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1998044364A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AUPQ883300A0 (en) * | 2000-07-18 | 2000-08-10 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Data logger for monitoring a consignment of goods |
| WO2003107036A2 (en) * | 2002-06-01 | 2003-12-24 | Quintell Of Ohio, Llc | Method and apparatus for detection of radioactive material |
| US7064336B2 (en) * | 2003-06-20 | 2006-06-20 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Adaptable radiation monitoring system and method |
| US9208458B2 (en) | 2008-10-02 | 2015-12-08 | Certusview Technologies, Llc | Methods and apparatus for analyzing locate and marking operations with respect to facilities maps |
| US20100198663A1 (en) | 2008-10-02 | 2010-08-05 | Certusview Technologies, Llc | Methods and apparatus for overlaying electronic marking information on facilities map information and/or other image information displayed on a marking device |
| CA2691780C (en) | 2009-02-11 | 2015-09-22 | Certusview Technologies, Llc | Management system, and associated methods and apparatus, for providing automatic assesment of a locate operation |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4059760A (en) * | 1974-11-18 | 1977-11-22 | Murphy John A | Georadiological surveying for oil and gas and subsurface structure contour mapping |
| US5025150A (en) * | 1988-10-14 | 1991-06-18 | Mk-Ferguson Company | Site survey method and apparatus |
| US5542781A (en) * | 1994-04-11 | 1996-08-06 | Sonsub, Inc. | Method and apparatus for removing contaminated surface soil |
-
1997
- 1997-04-02 GB GBGB9706659.1A patent/GB9706659D0/en active Pending
-
1998
- 1998-03-30 CA CA002285327A patent/CA2285327C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-03-30 EP EP98913943A patent/EP0972213A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-03-30 AU AU68461/98A patent/AU6846198A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-03-30 WO PCT/GB1998/000951 patent/WO1998044364A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9706659D0 (en) | 1997-05-21 |
| WO1998044364A1 (en) | 1998-10-08 |
| AU6846198A (en) | 1998-10-22 |
| EP0972213A1 (en) | 2000-01-19 |
| CA2285327A1 (en) | 1998-10-08 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN105510952A (en) | Flight mode CdZnTe inspection system and inspection method | |
| CA2285327C (en) | Automated surveying for radiation | |
| GB2324151A (en) | Automated surveying for radiation | |
| CA1219083A (en) | Method and apparatus for gamma ray well logging | |
| US5057690A (en) | Battery driven 8 channel pulse height analyzer with compact, single gamma-peak display | |
| Nyquist et al. | A geophysical tracking and data logging system: Description and case history | |
| US5506406A (en) | Method and apparatus for determining the concentration of a heavy element in a rock face | |
| Smethurst | A mobile gamma ray spectrometer system for nuclear hazard mapping | |
| Berven et al. | A method to automate radiological surveys: the ultrasonic ranging and data system | |
| Clark et al. | Computer simulation of an air‐borne gamma‐ray spectrometer | |
| Rybach et al. | Ground gamma radiation maps: Processing of airborne, laboratory, and in situ spectrometry data | |
| US11263775B2 (en) | System for and method of surveying a surface | |
| US20070007965A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for detection and logging of buried objects and subterranean anomalies | |
| Nyquist et al. | An automatic locating and data logging system for radiological walkover surveys | |
| Flynn et al. | REAL-TIME, AUTOMATED CHARACTERIZATION OF | |
| Mukhopadhyay et al. | International Detection Equipment for Materials Out of Regulatory Control | |
| Dorin | A Mobile Radiation Detection System Resistant to Export Control | |
| Burson | Research progress in airborne surveys of terrestrial gamma radiation | |
| Emery et al. | On-site method for acquisition and analysis of sensor data | |
| US4736299A (en) | Reflection seismograph method and apparatus | |
| Long et al. | Development and performance of the vehicle-mounted radiation monitoring equipment used in the Maralinga rehabilitation project | |
| Little et al. | The ultrasonic ranging and data system for radiological surveys in the UMTRA (Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action) Project | |
| Richardson | Marble Bar (Marble Bar, Western Port Hedland, Eastern Roebourne and Northeastern Pyramid 1: 250 000 Sheet Areas) Airborne Geophysical Survey, 1996: Operations Report | |
| Watson et al. | Orphan source detection at REFOX with a 16-litre Nal car-mounted gamma ray spectrometer | |
| Mellander | The role of mobile gamma spectrometry in the Swedish emergency response programme for nuclear accidents-experience and future plans |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 20180403 |