CA2285184A1 - Stabilized antihepatitis-b vaccine tablets - Google Patents
Stabilized antihepatitis-b vaccine tablets Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2285184A1 CA2285184A1 CA002285184A CA2285184A CA2285184A1 CA 2285184 A1 CA2285184 A1 CA 2285184A1 CA 002285184 A CA002285184 A CA 002285184A CA 2285184 A CA2285184 A CA 2285184A CA 2285184 A1 CA2285184 A1 CA 2285184A1
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- hepatitis
- surface protein
- antigenic
- c5h10o5
- approximately
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 229960005486 vaccine Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 208000002672 hepatitis B Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 102000018697 Membrane Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 108010052285 Membrane Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000000890 antigenic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 241000700721 Hepatitis B virus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006190 sub-lingual tablet Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RTKIYNMVFMVABJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L thimerosal Chemical compound [Na+].CC[Hg]SC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O RTKIYNMVFMVABJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940033663 thimerosal Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000397 disodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940100486 rice starch Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019800 disodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000001785 acacia senegal l. willd gum Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000427 antigen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 102000036639 antigens Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108091007433 antigens Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000699800 Cricetinae Species 0.000 description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001926 lymphatic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002965 ELISA Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000001122 Superior Vena Cava Syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229940024546 aluminum hydroxide gel Drugs 0.000 description 2
- SMYKVLBUSSNXMV-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminum;trihydroxide;hydrate Chemical compound O.[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] SMYKVLBUSSNXMV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I dipotassium trisodium dihydrogen phosphate hydrogen phosphate dichloride Chemical compound P(=O)(O)(O)[O-].[K+].P(=O)(O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Cl-].[K+].[Cl-].[Na+] LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 2
- 238000011194 good manufacturing practice Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000006454 hepatitis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 231100000283 hepatitis Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000002953 phosphate buffered saline Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007929 subcutaneous injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010254 subcutaneous injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000002978 thoracic duct Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000002620 vena cava superior Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 208000030507 AIDS Diseases 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010019799 Hepatitis viral Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010033372 Pain and discomfort Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108020004511 Recombinant DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000036142 Viral infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003914 blood derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000747 cardiac effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002837 heart atrium Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- SPSXSWRZQFPVTJ-ZQQKUFEYSA-N hepatitis b vaccine Chemical compound C([C@H](NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1N=CN=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)OC(=O)CNC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H]1N(CCC1)C(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCNC(N)=N)C1=CC=CC=C1 SPSXSWRZQFPVTJ-ZQQKUFEYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940124736 hepatitis-B vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000013632 homeostatic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010253 intravenous injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001365 lymphatic vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001823 molecular biology technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001839 systemic circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002255 vaccination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000001862 viral hepatitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009385 viral infection Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/12—Viral antigens
- A61K39/29—Hepatitis virus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/12—Viral antigens
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
- A61K9/006—Oral mucosa, e.g. mucoadhesive forms, sublingual droplets; Buccal patches or films; Buccal sprays
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/205—Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, gums; Cyclodextrin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/54—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the route of administration
- A61K2039/541—Mucosal route
- A61K2039/542—Mucosal route oral/gastrointestinal
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/555—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by a specific combination antigen/adjuvant
- A61K2039/55505—Inorganic adjuvants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/57—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the type of response, e.g. Th1, Th2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2730/00—Reverse transcribing DNA viruses
- C12N2730/00011—Details
- C12N2730/10011—Hepadnaviridae
- C12N2730/10111—Orthohepadnavirus, e.g. hepatitis B virus
- C12N2730/10134—Use of virus or viral component as vaccine, e.g. live-attenuated or inactivated virus, VLP, viral protein
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Communicable Diseases (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Abstract
A stabilized antihepatitis-B vaccine tablet and method of making the same wherein said tablet contains a stabilized antigenic hepatitis-B virus surface protein which, upon administration to a mammal, renders the mammal immune to hepatitis-B infection. The key to this stabilization is C5H10O5, or arabic gum.
Description
WO 9.7/39762 PCT/IB97/00448 STABILIZED ANTIHEPATITIS-B VACCINE TABLETS
Summary of the Invention The invention consists in a method of stabilization of a surface antigen which can be subsequently administered to combat hepatitis-B. Specifically, the antigen is in tablet form and does not require refrigeration and its sublingual absorption eliminates the need for antihepatitis-B injections. This is achieved via a stabilizing agent.
Hepatitis-B is an inflammation of the liver, usually from a viral infection, but sometimes from toxic agents. Specifically, hepatitis-B is a viral disease with a long incubation period, usually 50-160 days, caused by the hepatitis-B virus and is usually transmitted by injection of infected blood, blood derivatives or by use of contaminated needles, lancets or other instruments.
Hepatitis-B is clinically and pathologically similar to viral hepatitis type A, but there is no cross-protective immunity.
Usually, hepatitis-B disease is combated using intravenous or subcutaneous injections of a vaccine. However, the vaccine must be refrigerated in order to retain its activity. The present invention consists of antihepatitis-B tablets which are stabilized and therefore do not require refrigeration. These novel tablets consist of stabilized hepatitis-B surface antigen.
Thus, individuals who normally would not have access to hepatitis-B vaccines via injections due to the lack of proper 2 5 refrigeration would have access to the antihepatitis-B vaccine tablets. This is particularly true regarding individuals living in third world countries.
In addition, these tablets eliminate the need for painful injections and reduce the risk of possible infection due to contaminated needles of various diseases including hepatitis and HIV.
The rationale of this invention is founded on the fact that - the sublingual lymphatic plexi absorbs the antigenic surface protein, thus effectively bypassing the entire digestive tract and the liver. The lymphatic plexi will eventually decant the surface protein, concurrently with the mechanisms of homeostasis, into the capillaries and then into the vena cava superior, where it will attain systemic distribution. Thus, this method of attaining results that are identical to those obtained through subcutaneous injections.
Specifically, any substance that is acceptable for the sublingual lymphatic plexi (i.e. none of its components has diameters larger than the diameter of the lymphatic capillaries) will not penetrate the vena porta which enters the liver, but will eventually wind up in the thoracic duct. From the thoracic duct, the substance (e.g. antigenic surface protein) will penetrate the blood stream through the vena cava superior (having bypassed the liver) and pass directly into the right cardiac atrium, where it will attain systemic circulation.
The advantages of this invention are numerous including elimination of the need of refrigeration, which renders the product particularly appropriate for shipping into tropical and third-world environments.
This invention also eliminates the need of injections, thereby reducing the possibility of transferring diseases such as 2 5 AIDS. Also, the pain and discomfort of an injection is avoided.
Lastly, there is an approximate 60% of production cost reduction utilizing the method of this invention.
Detailed Description of the Preferred ,~ ~;cxbodiment 3 0 Ezample 1 This invention involves a series of mixing steps. The hepatitis-B vaccine is in the form of stabilized sublingual tablets and begins with mixing 20 grams of lyophilized antigenic, hepatitis-B surface protein (greater than 97% pure) with 2500 milliliters of bi-distilled HZ O; 500 grams of pharmaceutical grade lactose; and 4 grams of lyophilized highly purified ("HP") albumin. 125 grams of Na2HP04 and 110 grams of NaH2P04 are then mixed into the solution in addition to 40 grams of thimerosal.
This mixture is then combined with a Stock Solution.
The Stock Solution must be free of alcohol. The Stock Solution is created by dilution x 20 of distilled H20; 1250 grams pharmaceutical grade C5H1oO5; 7,800 grams pharmaceutical grade NaCl; and 8,800 grams pharmaceutical grade A12HO3. This mixing is done at approximately 40° F temperature and approximately 60% of relative humidity. The mixings are carried out in a surgically sterile environment and can be done with automated equipment. The importance of the Stock Solution is mainly the stabilizing agent C5H1005 commonly known as arabic gum.
This mixture is then fine sprayed onto 88.35 kilograms granulates of excipient made of 50% lactose plus 50% rice starch, both pharmaceutical grade. The dilution contains 11.65 kilograms of dissolved solids. This totals, after drying, 100 kilograms which is enough for compressing 1,000,000 sublingual tablets of 100 mg each. The spraying of the granules to be compressed must be carried out over a period of not less than 100 minutes for the above described quantity. During this process the entire mass of granules should be thoroughly and constantly agitated. The tablets must be compressed to high density, yet it should take not less than 10 minutes to break up under the tongue. The entire process must be carried out in an environment which is in exact conformity to the norms of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP). The tablets are then vacuum dried at temperatures between 6-10°C.
The finished product must be stored in blister-packaged strips. After blister-packaging, the finished product does not require refrigeration and can safely be stored at room temperatures up to 28°C. However, for extended periods, from 6 months to five years, it is recommended to store under moderate refrigeration (from 6°C to 12°C). The vaccines should never be kept frozen.
The surface antigen for the antihepatitis-B vaccine tablets is obtained from a yeast culture that has been transformed by inserting into its genome, the gene coding for the surface of the hepatitis-B virus, using recombinant DNA procedures and standard molecular biology techniques. The purified surface antigen is obtained as an aggregate, forming particles of approximately 22 nm, and is ultimately absorbed in an aluminum hydroxide gel (0.5 mg A/3 +/dose of 20 g) to which thimerosal is added as preservative (0.5 mg/dose of 20 g). The final product has the appearance of a white/gray substance which sediments on the bottom of the container, defining two phases: a clear supernatant, essentially protein-free, composed of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) with the preservative substance dissolved, and secondly a precipitated aluminum hydroxide gel with more than 98% of the antigen absorbed. When shaken, an opaque gray suspension takes place, lasting for several minute, which is the material used for stabilization. Fermentation and purification processes have been optimized, scaled up and standardized to maintain consistency and reproducibility from batch to batch.
Summary of the Invention The invention consists in a method of stabilization of a surface antigen which can be subsequently administered to combat hepatitis-B. Specifically, the antigen is in tablet form and does not require refrigeration and its sublingual absorption eliminates the need for antihepatitis-B injections. This is achieved via a stabilizing agent.
Hepatitis-B is an inflammation of the liver, usually from a viral infection, but sometimes from toxic agents. Specifically, hepatitis-B is a viral disease with a long incubation period, usually 50-160 days, caused by the hepatitis-B virus and is usually transmitted by injection of infected blood, blood derivatives or by use of contaminated needles, lancets or other instruments.
Hepatitis-B is clinically and pathologically similar to viral hepatitis type A, but there is no cross-protective immunity.
Usually, hepatitis-B disease is combated using intravenous or subcutaneous injections of a vaccine. However, the vaccine must be refrigerated in order to retain its activity. The present invention consists of antihepatitis-B tablets which are stabilized and therefore do not require refrigeration. These novel tablets consist of stabilized hepatitis-B surface antigen.
Thus, individuals who normally would not have access to hepatitis-B vaccines via injections due to the lack of proper 2 5 refrigeration would have access to the antihepatitis-B vaccine tablets. This is particularly true regarding individuals living in third world countries.
In addition, these tablets eliminate the need for painful injections and reduce the risk of possible infection due to contaminated needles of various diseases including hepatitis and HIV.
The rationale of this invention is founded on the fact that - the sublingual lymphatic plexi absorbs the antigenic surface protein, thus effectively bypassing the entire digestive tract and the liver. The lymphatic plexi will eventually decant the surface protein, concurrently with the mechanisms of homeostasis, into the capillaries and then into the vena cava superior, where it will attain systemic distribution. Thus, this method of attaining results that are identical to those obtained through subcutaneous injections.
Specifically, any substance that is acceptable for the sublingual lymphatic plexi (i.e. none of its components has diameters larger than the diameter of the lymphatic capillaries) will not penetrate the vena porta which enters the liver, but will eventually wind up in the thoracic duct. From the thoracic duct, the substance (e.g. antigenic surface protein) will penetrate the blood stream through the vena cava superior (having bypassed the liver) and pass directly into the right cardiac atrium, where it will attain systemic circulation.
The advantages of this invention are numerous including elimination of the need of refrigeration, which renders the product particularly appropriate for shipping into tropical and third-world environments.
This invention also eliminates the need of injections, thereby reducing the possibility of transferring diseases such as 2 5 AIDS. Also, the pain and discomfort of an injection is avoided.
Lastly, there is an approximate 60% of production cost reduction utilizing the method of this invention.
Detailed Description of the Preferred ,~ ~;cxbodiment 3 0 Ezample 1 This invention involves a series of mixing steps. The hepatitis-B vaccine is in the form of stabilized sublingual tablets and begins with mixing 20 grams of lyophilized antigenic, hepatitis-B surface protein (greater than 97% pure) with 2500 milliliters of bi-distilled HZ O; 500 grams of pharmaceutical grade lactose; and 4 grams of lyophilized highly purified ("HP") albumin. 125 grams of Na2HP04 and 110 grams of NaH2P04 are then mixed into the solution in addition to 40 grams of thimerosal.
This mixture is then combined with a Stock Solution.
The Stock Solution must be free of alcohol. The Stock Solution is created by dilution x 20 of distilled H20; 1250 grams pharmaceutical grade C5H1oO5; 7,800 grams pharmaceutical grade NaCl; and 8,800 grams pharmaceutical grade A12HO3. This mixing is done at approximately 40° F temperature and approximately 60% of relative humidity. The mixings are carried out in a surgically sterile environment and can be done with automated equipment. The importance of the Stock Solution is mainly the stabilizing agent C5H1005 commonly known as arabic gum.
This mixture is then fine sprayed onto 88.35 kilograms granulates of excipient made of 50% lactose plus 50% rice starch, both pharmaceutical grade. The dilution contains 11.65 kilograms of dissolved solids. This totals, after drying, 100 kilograms which is enough for compressing 1,000,000 sublingual tablets of 100 mg each. The spraying of the granules to be compressed must be carried out over a period of not less than 100 minutes for the above described quantity. During this process the entire mass of granules should be thoroughly and constantly agitated. The tablets must be compressed to high density, yet it should take not less than 10 minutes to break up under the tongue. The entire process must be carried out in an environment which is in exact conformity to the norms of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP). The tablets are then vacuum dried at temperatures between 6-10°C.
The finished product must be stored in blister-packaged strips. After blister-packaging, the finished product does not require refrigeration and can safely be stored at room temperatures up to 28°C. However, for extended periods, from 6 months to five years, it is recommended to store under moderate refrigeration (from 6°C to 12°C). The vaccines should never be kept frozen.
The surface antigen for the antihepatitis-B vaccine tablets is obtained from a yeast culture that has been transformed by inserting into its genome, the gene coding for the surface of the hepatitis-B virus, using recombinant DNA procedures and standard molecular biology techniques. The purified surface antigen is obtained as an aggregate, forming particles of approximately 22 nm, and is ultimately absorbed in an aluminum hydroxide gel (0.5 mg A/3 +/dose of 20 g) to which thimerosal is added as preservative (0.5 mg/dose of 20 g). The final product has the appearance of a white/gray substance which sediments on the bottom of the container, defining two phases: a clear supernatant, essentially protein-free, composed of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) with the preservative substance dissolved, and secondly a precipitated aluminum hydroxide gel with more than 98% of the antigen absorbed. When shaken, an opaque gray suspension takes place, lasting for several minute, which is the material used for stabilization. Fermentation and purification processes have been optimized, scaled up and standardized to maintain consistency and reproducibility from batch to batch.
To test the efficacy of these tablets twenty-four hamsters - were certified hepatitis antigen-B-free utilizing a standard ELISA
test. The sublingual environment of twelve hamsters was painted with solutions of the tableted vaccine, with tablet masses corresponding to the hamster's weight, twice each vaccination day on the first day, the seventh day and the thirtieth day. The control group was left untreated. Seven days after the last dose, hepatitis-B antibodies were detected in hepatitis-B treated hamster s blood serum utilizing a standard ELISA test. The control group of twelve remained negative. Subsequently, all twenty-four hamsters were contaminated with hepatitis-B virus.
None of the animals treated with the tableted vaccine contracted the disease, while the entire control group became hepatits-B
infected.
test. The sublingual environment of twelve hamsters was painted with solutions of the tableted vaccine, with tablet masses corresponding to the hamster's weight, twice each vaccination day on the first day, the seventh day and the thirtieth day. The control group was left untreated. Seven days after the last dose, hepatitis-B antibodies were detected in hepatitis-B treated hamster s blood serum utilizing a standard ELISA test. The control group of twelve remained negative. Subsequently, all twenty-four hamsters were contaminated with hepatitis-B virus.
None of the animals treated with the tableted vaccine contracted the disease, while the entire control group became hepatits-B
infected.
Claims (17)
1. A method of stabilization of an antigenic surface protein which can subsequently be administered to a mammal to combat hepatitis-B infection comprising:
mixing antigenic hepatitis-B surface protein with a stabilizing agent wherein said agent is C5H10O5.
mixing antigenic hepatitis-B surface protein with a stabilizing agent wherein said agent is C5H10O5.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said antigenic hepatits-B surface protein is present with said C5H10O5 in a range of approximately 75% to 85% by weight antigenic hepatitis-B
protein to approximately 15% to 25% by weight C5H10O5.
protein to approximately 15% to 25% by weight C5H10O5.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein said antigenic hepatitis-B surface protein is present with said C5H10O5 in a ratio of approximately 80% by weight antigenic hepatitis-B surface protein to approximately 20% by weight C5H10O5.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein said mammal is a human.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein after said mixing said antigenic hepatitis-B surface protein and C5H10O5 are subsequently formed into sublingual tablets.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein said C5H10O5 is present in a stock solution prior to mixing with said antigenic hepatitis-B surface protein.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein 20 grams of said antigenic hepatitis-B surface protein is mixed with said stock solution wherein said stock solution contains 1,250 grams of pharmaceutical grade C5H10O5.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein said 20 grams of antigenic hepatitis-B surface protein is lyophilized and mixed with water, lactose and albumin to create a primary mixture prior to mixing with said stock solution.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein Na2HPO4, NaHPO4 and thimerosal is added to said primary mixture prior to mixing with said stock solution.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein said stock solution also contains bi-distilled water, NaCl and Al2HO3,
11. The method of claim 10 wherein mixing said primary mixture with said stock solution is done at at approximately 4°F and approximately 60% relative humidity.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the combination of said primary mixture and said stock solution is fine sprayed onto an excipient of approximately 50% lactose and approximately 50% rice starch to create a final mixture.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein said final mixture is compressed into sublingual tablets and said tablets are vacuum dried at temperatures between 6 and 10°C.
14. A stabilized antihepatitis-B vaccine tablet which is capable, upon administration to an uninfected mammal, of combating hepatitis-B should said mammal become subsequently exposed to hepatitis-B virus wherein said tablet contains antigenic hepatitis-B surface protein and a stabilizing agent C5H10O5.
15. The tablet of claim 14 wherein said antigenic hepatitis-B surface protein is present approximately 75%-85%
by weight antigenic hepatitis-B surface protein to approximately 15%-25% by weight C5H10O5.
by weight antigenic hepatitis-B surface protein to approximately 15%-25% by weight C5H10O5.
16. The tablet of claim 15 wherein said antigenic hepatitis-B surface protein is present approximately 80% by weight antigenic hepatitis-B surface protein to 20% by weight C5H10O5.
17. The tablet of claim 16 wherein said uninfected mammal is a human.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US63551496A | 1996-04-22 | 1996-04-22 | |
| US08/635,514 | 1996-04-22 | ||
| PCT/IB1997/000448 WO1997039762A1 (en) | 1996-04-22 | 1997-03-31 | Stabilized antihepatitis-b vaccine tablets |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2285184A1 true CA2285184A1 (en) | 1997-10-30 |
Family
ID=24548102
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002285184A Abandoned CA2285184A1 (en) | 1996-04-22 | 1997-03-31 | Stabilized antihepatitis-b vaccine tablets |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0914141A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2000509036A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20000010591A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1216471A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2520397A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2285184A1 (en) |
| HU (1) | HUP9902293A3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997039762A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PT1212045T (en) * | 1999-08-24 | 2016-11-22 | Abic Biological Laboratories Ltd | A vaccine composition and method of using the same |
| US6592869B2 (en) | 1999-08-24 | 2003-07-15 | Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd. | Vaccine composition and method of using the same |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS57136528A (en) * | 1981-02-09 | 1982-08-23 | Hayashibara Biochem Lab Inc | Preparation of viral vaccine |
| ZA878295B (en) * | 1986-11-06 | 1988-05-03 | Amarillo Cell Culture Co. Inc. | Treatment of immuno-resistant disease |
| AU3343093A (en) * | 1992-01-17 | 1993-08-03 | Alfatec-Pharma Gmbh | Pellets containing peptide drugs, their manufacture and use |
-
1997
- 1997-03-31 EP EP97916601A patent/EP0914141A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-03-31 AU AU25203/97A patent/AU2520397A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-03-31 CA CA002285184A patent/CA2285184A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-03-31 WO PCT/IB1997/000448 patent/WO1997039762A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-03-31 CN CN97194006A patent/CN1216471A/en active Pending
- 1997-03-31 HU HU9902293A patent/HUP9902293A3/en unknown
- 1997-03-31 KR KR1019980708467A patent/KR20000010591A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-03-31 JP JP9537890A patent/JP2000509036A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2520397A (en) | 1997-11-12 |
| CN1216471A (en) | 1999-05-12 |
| EP0914141A1 (en) | 1999-05-12 |
| JP2000509036A (en) | 2000-07-18 |
| WO1997039762A1 (en) | 1997-10-30 |
| HUP9902293A3 (en) | 2000-04-28 |
| KR20000010591A (en) | 2000-02-15 |
| HUP9902293A2 (en) | 1999-11-29 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |