CA2271188A1 - Stabilisation system for soil slopes - Google Patents
Stabilisation system for soil slopes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2271188A1 CA2271188A1 CA 2271188 CA2271188A CA2271188A1 CA 2271188 A1 CA2271188 A1 CA 2271188A1 CA 2271188 CA2271188 CA 2271188 CA 2271188 A CA2271188 A CA 2271188A CA 2271188 A1 CA2271188 A1 CA 2271188A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- soil
- slope
- penetrating
- nails
- top surface
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
- E02D17/207—Securing of slopes or inclines with means incorporating sheet piles or piles
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
- E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
Description
~
STABILISATION SYSTEM FOR SOIL SLOPES
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a system for stabilising soil slopes.
BACKGROUND
On steep slopes having generally less than 45 degrees of inclination, the prevention of soil erosion is typically accomplished by planting vegetation on the surface of the slope. The roots of the vegetation secure the soil at the surface.
Vegetation alone however does not prevent large shifts of the soil.
The use of nails and other forms of anchors is known for stabilising soil on vertical faces. Generally these nails are installed with shotcrete or precast concrete facings between the nails during the formation of the faces for retaining the soil between the nails. There is no known precedent for utilising nails on existing slopes having an inclination of less than 45 degrees.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a stabilisation system for soil slopes which incorporates internal soil slope stability with the prevention of surface soil erosion.
SUM MARY
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for stabilising soil within a slope having generally less than 45 degrees of inclination, said method comprising:
penetrating a plurality of soil nails into the soil; and seeding vegetation on a top surface of the soil, the vegetation being arranged to generate roots which penetrate through the surface into the soil.
Preferably the method includes placing a fibrous cloth over the soil surface before seeding such that the vegetation is seeded through the cloth for retaining the soil at the surface of the slope.
_2_ According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a stabilisation system for stabilising soil within a slope having generally less than 45 degrees of inclination, said system comprising:
a plurality of soil nails, each having a soil penetrating end for penetrating into the soil and a surface engaging end for engaging a top surface of the soil; and an organic facing arranged to cover the top surface of the soil and the surface engaging end of each soil nail.
The organic facing preferably comprises a mass of organic fibres having a root structure arranged to penetrate into the soil.
There may be provided a cover of fibrous material arranged to seed the mass of organic fibres thereon.
There may additionally be provided a retaining wall structure arranged to be mounted on the slope along a crest of the slope.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a stabilisation system for stabilising opposing slopes of an embankment of soil, said system comprising:
a plurality of soil nails, each having a soil penetrating end for penetrating into the soil and a surface engaging end for engaging a top surtace of the soil;
an organic facing arranged to cover the top surface of the soil and surround the surface engaging end of each soil nail;
a pair of retaining wall structures mounted spaced apart on respective slopes of the embankment adjacent a crest of the embankment; and a plurality of cross members, each being connected between the pair of retaining wall structures.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate an exemplary embodiment of the present invention:
Figure 1 is a cross sectional view of a soil slope with the stabilisation system.
Figure 2 is top plan view of the stabilisation system.
Figure 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of Figure 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring to the accompanying drawings, there is illustrated a stabilisation system generally indicated by reference numeral 10 for stabilising soil slopes of a railway embankment. The system 10 is adapted for installation on existing slopes 12 of an embankment 14 for stabilising the internal soil of the slopes and for preventing erosion of the surface soil. The system is particularly suitable for use on slopes having generally less than 45 degrees of inclination.
The system 10 includes a plurality of soil nails 14 which are penetrated into a top surface 16 of the slope in a staggered pattern. The nails 14 are elongate rigid members having any one of numerous different types of cross sections.
The nails each include a penetrating end 18 arranged to penetrate into the soil and a surface engaging end 20 arranged to be secured against the top surface 16 of the slope.
The surface engaging end 20 includes a portion of increased diameter for supporting a washer 22 adjacent the top surface 16 of the soil. The nails extend through the soil past an existing or potential failure plane 24 in the soil for providing internal soil stability to the slope.
The nails are inserted into the soil by percussion, pushing, turning or vibrating. Alternatively, the nails may be inserted into pre-made holes. The nail strength, length, diameter and spacing are selected based upon the desired degree of improvement through an engineering design. Nails are typically 25 to 50 millimetres in diameter and 2 to 6 metres long.
A geosynthetic layer 26 is placed across the top surface 16 of the soil and the surface engaging end of each nail for preventing erosion of surface soils. The geosynthetic layer is a cloth of fibrous material having a high tensile strength. The use of a geosynthetic layer is a known practice in construction on soft terrain for adding structural support to the soil of the terrain.
Vegetation is seeded onto the geosynthetic layer 26 such that an organic mass of roots extends through the layer and penetrates into the soil.
The plant root mass is selected based on the desired degree of improvement through engineering design. The vegetation is typically selected to extend to a depth of 100 to 400 millimetres into the soil.
A retaining wall structure 28 is mounted on each slope 12 of the embankment, adjacent a crest 30 of the embankment. Each retaining wall structure 28 includes an elongate timber 32 extending longitudinally along the embankment adjacent the crest.
The timbers 32 are parallel and spaced apart along the crest. A plurality of concrete anchors 34 are mounted along an outer face 36 of the timbers 32 for securing the timbers in place. Each anchor is an L-shaped member having an upright portion 38 engaging the outer face of the timber and a lateral portion 40 extending laterally inward adjacent a bottom face of the timber. A pair of the soil nails 14 are inserted through respective apertures in each anchor 34 for securing the anchor to the embankment at spaced positions along the timber.
Each anchor 34 is secured to a corresponding one of the anchors adjacent the opposing timber 32 by a rod 42. Each rod 42 is fastened to the corresponding pair of anchors 34 at respective ends of the rod.
A space 44 defined between the timbers is filled with gravel 46 to allow drainage of water and prevent water collection at the crest of the embankment.
The gravel 46 surrounds the rods 42 extending across the space 44 between corresponding anchors 34.
A railway 48 is mounted on the crest of the embankment. The railway 48 includes a plurality of rail ties 50 embedded into the gravel. The rail ties 50 are parallel and spaced apart along the crest of the embankment. A pair of rails 52 are mounted on the rail ties 50 parallel and spaced apart.
While one embodiment of the present invention has been described in the foregoing, it is to be understood that other embodiments are possible within the scope of the invention. The invention is to be considered limited solely by the scope of the appended claims.
STABILISATION SYSTEM FOR SOIL SLOPES
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a system for stabilising soil slopes.
BACKGROUND
On steep slopes having generally less than 45 degrees of inclination, the prevention of soil erosion is typically accomplished by planting vegetation on the surface of the slope. The roots of the vegetation secure the soil at the surface.
Vegetation alone however does not prevent large shifts of the soil.
The use of nails and other forms of anchors is known for stabilising soil on vertical faces. Generally these nails are installed with shotcrete or precast concrete facings between the nails during the formation of the faces for retaining the soil between the nails. There is no known precedent for utilising nails on existing slopes having an inclination of less than 45 degrees.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a stabilisation system for soil slopes which incorporates internal soil slope stability with the prevention of surface soil erosion.
SUM MARY
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for stabilising soil within a slope having generally less than 45 degrees of inclination, said method comprising:
penetrating a plurality of soil nails into the soil; and seeding vegetation on a top surface of the soil, the vegetation being arranged to generate roots which penetrate through the surface into the soil.
Preferably the method includes placing a fibrous cloth over the soil surface before seeding such that the vegetation is seeded through the cloth for retaining the soil at the surface of the slope.
_2_ According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a stabilisation system for stabilising soil within a slope having generally less than 45 degrees of inclination, said system comprising:
a plurality of soil nails, each having a soil penetrating end for penetrating into the soil and a surface engaging end for engaging a top surface of the soil; and an organic facing arranged to cover the top surface of the soil and the surface engaging end of each soil nail.
The organic facing preferably comprises a mass of organic fibres having a root structure arranged to penetrate into the soil.
There may be provided a cover of fibrous material arranged to seed the mass of organic fibres thereon.
There may additionally be provided a retaining wall structure arranged to be mounted on the slope along a crest of the slope.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a stabilisation system for stabilising opposing slopes of an embankment of soil, said system comprising:
a plurality of soil nails, each having a soil penetrating end for penetrating into the soil and a surface engaging end for engaging a top surtace of the soil;
an organic facing arranged to cover the top surface of the soil and surround the surface engaging end of each soil nail;
a pair of retaining wall structures mounted spaced apart on respective slopes of the embankment adjacent a crest of the embankment; and a plurality of cross members, each being connected between the pair of retaining wall structures.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate an exemplary embodiment of the present invention:
Figure 1 is a cross sectional view of a soil slope with the stabilisation system.
Figure 2 is top plan view of the stabilisation system.
Figure 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of Figure 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring to the accompanying drawings, there is illustrated a stabilisation system generally indicated by reference numeral 10 for stabilising soil slopes of a railway embankment. The system 10 is adapted for installation on existing slopes 12 of an embankment 14 for stabilising the internal soil of the slopes and for preventing erosion of the surface soil. The system is particularly suitable for use on slopes having generally less than 45 degrees of inclination.
The system 10 includes a plurality of soil nails 14 which are penetrated into a top surface 16 of the slope in a staggered pattern. The nails 14 are elongate rigid members having any one of numerous different types of cross sections.
The nails each include a penetrating end 18 arranged to penetrate into the soil and a surface engaging end 20 arranged to be secured against the top surface 16 of the slope.
The surface engaging end 20 includes a portion of increased diameter for supporting a washer 22 adjacent the top surface 16 of the soil. The nails extend through the soil past an existing or potential failure plane 24 in the soil for providing internal soil stability to the slope.
The nails are inserted into the soil by percussion, pushing, turning or vibrating. Alternatively, the nails may be inserted into pre-made holes. The nail strength, length, diameter and spacing are selected based upon the desired degree of improvement through an engineering design. Nails are typically 25 to 50 millimetres in diameter and 2 to 6 metres long.
A geosynthetic layer 26 is placed across the top surface 16 of the soil and the surface engaging end of each nail for preventing erosion of surface soils. The geosynthetic layer is a cloth of fibrous material having a high tensile strength. The use of a geosynthetic layer is a known practice in construction on soft terrain for adding structural support to the soil of the terrain.
Vegetation is seeded onto the geosynthetic layer 26 such that an organic mass of roots extends through the layer and penetrates into the soil.
The plant root mass is selected based on the desired degree of improvement through engineering design. The vegetation is typically selected to extend to a depth of 100 to 400 millimetres into the soil.
A retaining wall structure 28 is mounted on each slope 12 of the embankment, adjacent a crest 30 of the embankment. Each retaining wall structure 28 includes an elongate timber 32 extending longitudinally along the embankment adjacent the crest.
The timbers 32 are parallel and spaced apart along the crest. A plurality of concrete anchors 34 are mounted along an outer face 36 of the timbers 32 for securing the timbers in place. Each anchor is an L-shaped member having an upright portion 38 engaging the outer face of the timber and a lateral portion 40 extending laterally inward adjacent a bottom face of the timber. A pair of the soil nails 14 are inserted through respective apertures in each anchor 34 for securing the anchor to the embankment at spaced positions along the timber.
Each anchor 34 is secured to a corresponding one of the anchors adjacent the opposing timber 32 by a rod 42. Each rod 42 is fastened to the corresponding pair of anchors 34 at respective ends of the rod.
A space 44 defined between the timbers is filled with gravel 46 to allow drainage of water and prevent water collection at the crest of the embankment.
The gravel 46 surrounds the rods 42 extending across the space 44 between corresponding anchors 34.
A railway 48 is mounted on the crest of the embankment. The railway 48 includes a plurality of rail ties 50 embedded into the gravel. The rail ties 50 are parallel and spaced apart along the crest of the embankment. A pair of rails 52 are mounted on the rail ties 50 parallel and spaced apart.
While one embodiment of the present invention has been described in the foregoing, it is to be understood that other embodiments are possible within the scope of the invention. The invention is to be considered limited solely by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A method for stabilising soil within a slope having generally less than 45 degrees of inclination, said method comprising:
penetrating a plurality of soil nails into the soil; and seeding vegetation on a top surface of the soil, the vegetation being arranged to generate roots which penetrate through the surface into the soil.
penetrating a plurality of soil nails into the soil; and seeding vegetation on a top surface of the soil, the vegetation being arranged to generate roots which penetrate through the surface into the soil.
2. The method according to claim 1 comprising placing a fibrous cloth over the soil surface before seeding such that the vegetation is seeded through the cloth for retaining the soil at the surface of the slope.
3. A stabilisation system for stabilising soil within a slope having generally less than 45 degrees of inclination, said system comprising:
a plurality of soil nails, each having a soil penetrating end for penetrating into the soil and a surface engaging end for engaging a top surface of the soil; and an organic facing arranged to cover the top surface of the soil and the surface engaging end of each soil nail.
a plurality of soil nails, each having a soil penetrating end for penetrating into the soil and a surface engaging end for engaging a top surface of the soil; and an organic facing arranged to cover the top surface of the soil and the surface engaging end of each soil nail.
4. The system according to claim 3 wherein the organic facing comprises a mass of organic fibres having a root structure arranged to penetrate into the soil.
5. The system according to claim 4 wherein there is provided a cover of fibrous material arranged to seed the mass of organic fibres thereon.
6. The system according to claim 3 wherein there is provided a retaining wall structure arranged to be mounted on the slope along a crest of the slope.
7. A stabilisation system for stabilising opposing slopes of an embankment of soil, said system comprising:
a plurality of soil nails, each having a soil penetrating end for penetrating into the soil and a surface engaging end for engaging a top surface of the soil;
an organic facing arranged to cover the top surface of the soil and surround the surface engaging end of each soil nail;
a pair of retaining wall structures mounted spaced apart on respective slopes of the embankment adjacent a crest of the embankment; and a plurality of cross members, each being connected between the pair of retaining wall structures.
a plurality of soil nails, each having a soil penetrating end for penetrating into the soil and a surface engaging end for engaging a top surface of the soil;
an organic facing arranged to cover the top surface of the soil and surround the surface engaging end of each soil nail;
a pair of retaining wall structures mounted spaced apart on respective slopes of the embankment adjacent a crest of the embankment; and a plurality of cross members, each being connected between the pair of retaining wall structures.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2271188 CA2271188A1 (en) | 1999-05-06 | 1999-05-06 | Stabilisation system for soil slopes |
| CA002307425A CA2307425C (en) | 1999-05-06 | 2000-05-03 | Stabilisation system for soil slopes |
| CA2600348A CA2600348C (en) | 1999-05-06 | 2000-05-03 | Stabilisation system for soil slopes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2271188 CA2271188A1 (en) | 1999-05-06 | 1999-05-06 | Stabilisation system for soil slopes |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2271188A1 true CA2271188A1 (en) | 2000-11-06 |
Family
ID=29588957
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2271188 Abandoned CA2271188A1 (en) | 1999-05-06 | 1999-05-06 | Stabilisation system for soil slopes |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2271188A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6742967B1 (en) * | 2002-11-07 | 2004-06-01 | Nelson N. S. Chou | Structure for fastening soil nails to reinforced soil retaining walls |
-
1999
- 1999-05-06 CA CA 2271188 patent/CA2271188A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6742967B1 (en) * | 2002-11-07 | 2004-06-01 | Nelson N. S. Chou | Structure for fastening soil nails to reinforced soil retaining walls |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Dead |