CA2236171A1 - Triterpene derivatives with immunosuppressant activity - Google Patents

Abstract

The compounds of formula (I) are useful as immunosuppressive agents.

Description

TITLE OF THE INVENTION
TRITERPENE DERIVATIVES VVITH IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT
ACTIVITY

5 BACKGROUND OF THE ~VENTION
Immunoregulatory abnormalities have been shown to exist in ~ wicle v~riety of "autoimmune" and chr-nic inflammatcry diseases~
including systemic lupus erythematosis, chronic rheumatoid arthritis, type I and II diabetes mellitus, infl~mm~tory bowel disease, biliary 10 cirrhosis, uveitis, multiple sclerosis and other disorders such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, bullous pemphigoid, sarcoidosis, psoriasis, ichthyosis, Graves ophth~lmopathy and asthma.
Although the underlying pathogenesis of each of these conditions may be quite different, they have in common the appearance 15 of a variety of autoantibodies and self-reactive Iymphocytes. Such self-reactivity may be due, in part, to a loss of the homeostatic controls under which the normal immune system operates.
Similarly, following a bone-marrow or an organ transplantation, the host lymphocytes recognize the foreign tissue 20 antigens and begin to produce antibodies which lead to graft rejection.
One end result of an autoimmllne or a rejection process is tissue destruction caused by infl:~mmz~tory cells and the mediators they release. Anti-infl~mm~tory agents such as NSAlD's act principally by blocking the effect or secretion of these mediators but do nothing to 25 modify the immunologic basis of the disease. On the other hand, cytotoxic agents, .such as cyclophosphamide, act in such a nonspecific fashion that both the normal and autoimmune responses are shut off.
Indeed, patients treated with such nonspecific immunosuppressive agents are as likely to succumb from infection as they are from their 30 autoimmune disease.
Cyclosporin A (CsA), which was approved by the US FDA
in 19~3 is currently the leading drug used to prevent rejection of transplanted organs. In 1993, FK-506 (Prograf) was approved by the US FDA for the prevention of rejection in liver transplantation. CsA

W O 97/16438 PCT~US96/17481 ' and FK-506 act by inhibiting the body's immlm~ system from mobilizing its vast arsenal of natural protecting agents to reject the transplant's foreign protein. In 1994, CsA was approved by the US
FDA for the treatment of severe psoriasis and has been approved by s European regulatory agencies for the treatment of atopic dermatitis.
Though they are effective in fighting transplant rejection, CsA and FK-are kn-lwn to cause sev*r~ Lndesir~hle side effects inclllding nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and gastrointestinal discomfort.
Newer, safer drugs exhibiting less side effects are 10 constantly being searched for in the field.
Four active components of Spachea correa were recently identified which inhibit thymidine uptake of T cells and are useful as immnnosuppressive agents in ~nim~ls, including man.

H H Formula 1 (a) b is a single H ~¦' bond and R is OAc H""~ ~
b~ C H31~0 Formula 1 (b) b is a double H ~ ', bond and R is OAc ,~ H 1 OH COOCH3 0~( CH~CH~OAc Formula l(c) b is a single --~Ac OAC bond and R is OH
CH3~\ OAc Formula 1 (d) b is a double ~ bond and R is OH
These compounds are useful as immllnosuppressive agents in ~nim~l~, including man. The present invention describes newly developed immllnosuppressive compounds derived from the compounds described in Formulae l(a) through l(d) and which have the relative 20 stereochemistry depicted above.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A class of triterpene derivatives of the general structural Formula I

,~ O~c are useful as immllnosuppressants.
As immunosuppressants, the compounds of this invention are useful in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, the prevention of rejection of foreign organ transplants and/or related afflictions, diseases 10 and illnesses. Also within the scope of this invention are pharmaceutical formulations comprising a compound of Formula I and a pharmaceutical carrier, as well as, pharmaceutical formulations comprising a compound of Formula I, a second immllnosuppressant compound and a pharmaceutical carrier.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ~VENTION

A. Scope of the Invention The present invention is related to compounds of formula I, 20 including but not limited to those specified in the examples, which are - useful in a m~mm~ tn subject for the treatment and prevention of the resistance by transplantation of organs or tissue, graft-versus-host diseases brought about by medulla ossium transplantation; rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 25 multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, type I diabetes uveitis, juvenile-onset or recent-onset diabetes mellitus, posterior uveitis, allergic encephalomyelitis, glomerulonephritis, infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorg~ni~m.~, infl~mm~tory and hyperproliferative skin diseases, psoriasis, atopical derm~titi.~, contact dermatitis, eczematous dermatitises, seborrhoeis dermatitis, Lichen planus, Pemphigus, bullous s pemphigoid, Epidermolysis bullosa, urticaria, angioedemas, vasculitides, erythemas, cutaneous eosinophilias, Lupus erythematosus, acne, Alopecia areata, keratoconjunctivitis. vernal conjunctivitis, llveitis associated with Behcet's disease, keratitis, herpetic keratitis, conical cornea, dystrophia epithelialis comeae, corneal leukoma, ocular 10 pemphigus, Mooren's ulcer, Scleritis, Graves' opthalmopathy, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, sarcoidosis, etc.; pollen allergies, reversible obstructive airway disease, bronchial asthma, allergic asthma, intrinsic asthma, extrinsic asthma and dust asthma, chronic or inveterate asthma, late asthma and airway hyper-responsiveness, bronchitis, gastric 15 ulcers, vascular damage caused by ischemic diseases and thrombosis, ischemic bowel diseases, infl~mm~tory bowel diseases, necrotizing enterocolitis, intestinal lesions associated with thermal burns and leukotriene B4-mediated diseases, Coeliac diseases, proctitis, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, mastocytosis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative 20 colitis, migraine, rhinitis, eczema, interstitial nephritis, Good-pasture's syndrome, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, diabetic nephropathy, multiple myositis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Meniere's disease, polyneuritis, multiple neuritis, mononeuritis, radiculopathy, hyperthyroidism, Basedow's disease, pure red cell aplasia, aplastic anemia, hypoplastic 2s anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, agranulocytosis, pernicious anemia, megaloblastic anemia, anerythroplasia, osteoporosis, sarcoidosis, fibroid lung, idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, dermatomyositis, leukoderma vulgaris, ichthyosis vulgaris, photoallergic sensitivity, cutaneous T cell Iymphoma, 30 arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, aortitis syndrome, polyarteritis nodosa, myocardosis, scleroderma, Wegener's granuloma, Sjogren's syndrome, adiposis, eosinophilic fascitis, lesions of gingiva, periodontium, alveolar bone, substantia ossea dentis, glomerulonephritis, male pattern alopecia or alopecia senilis by preventing epilation or providing hair germination and/or promoting hair generation and hair growth; muscular dystrophy;
Pyoderma and Sezary's syndrome, Addison's disease, ischemia-reperfusion injury of organs which occurs upon preservation, transplantation or ischemic disease, for example, thrombosis and cardiac s infraction, endotoxin-shock, pseudomembranous colitis, colitis caused by drug or radiation, ischemic acute renal insufficiency, chronic renal insllfficiencv~ toxinosis caused by hlng-oxvgen or drll~ for ex~mple, paracort and bleomycins), lung cancer, pulmonary emphysema, cataracta, siderosis, retinitis, pigmentosa, senile macular degeneration, 10 vitreal scarring, corneal alkali bum; dermatitis erythema multiforrne, linear IgA ballous dermatitis and cement dermatitis, gingivitis, periodontitis, sepsis, pancreatitis, diseases caused by environmental pollution, aging, carcinogenis, metastasis of carcinoma and hypobaropathy; disease caused by histamine or leukotriene-C4 release;
15 Behcet's disease, autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis sclerosing cholangitis), partial liver resection, acute liver necrosis, necrosis caused by toxin, viral hepatitis, shock, or anoxia, B-virus hepatitis, non-A/non-B hepatitis, cirrhosis, alcoholic cirrhosis, hepatic failure, fillmin~nt hepatic failure, late-onset hepatic failure, "acute-on-20 chronic" liver failure, augmention of chemotherapeutic effect,preventing or treating activity of cytomegalovirus infection, HCMV
infection, and antiinfl~mm~tory activity; and treatment of immunodepression or a disorder involving immunodepression, including AIDS, cancer, senile dementia, trauma, chronic bacterial 25 infection, and certain central nervous system disorders.
More particularly this invention relates to compounds of the general structural formula I:

W O 97/16438 PCTnJS96tl7481-~2CH3 ~4 O~C
I

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, crystal form or hydrate, wherein:
5 Xis: O;S,NH,HandRl;
a is: a single bond, or a double bond when R4 is absent;
b and c are independently: a single bond, or a double bond;
n is: 1 to 4;
m is: 1 to 4;
1S r is: 0 or 1;
s is: 0 or 1 ;

R l and R2 are independently:
a) H, or b) (Cl-C6)-alkyl, wherein alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (cl-c6)-alkoxy~ vinyl, cyano, oxo, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COCl-C6-alkyl, CO2C 1 -C6-aLkyl, CONR 1 R2, NR 1 R2, NR 1 COC 1 -C6-alkyl, aryl, wherein aryl is defined as phenyl or naphthyl, W O 97/16438 PCTrUS96/17481 -unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (Cl-C6)-alkoxy, phenyl, phenoxy, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COC1-C6-alkyl, CO2Cl-C6-alkyl, CONR 1 R2, NR 1 R2, NR 1 COC 1 -C6-alkyl and any two of adjacent substituents can be joined to form a 5-, 6- or 7-memhered fuse(l ring .said ring containing I or 2 o~ygt.n atoms and the remainder carbon atoms, heteroaryl, wherein heteroaryl is defined as a 5 or 6-membered ring substituted with one and two heteroatoms selected from O, S, N, unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (Cl-C6)-alkoxy, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COC 1 -C6-alkyl, CO2C 1 -C6-alkyl, CONR 1 R2, NR 1 R2, NRlCOCl-C6-aLkyl, any two adjacent substituents can be joined to form a 5-, 6- or 7-membered fused ring said ring cont~ining 1 or 2 oxygen atoms and the remainder carbon atoms, or any two adjacent substituents can be joined together to form a benzo-fused ring;
R3 is:
a) -(Cl-C6)-alkyl, alkyl as defined above;
b) -(Cl-C6)-alkenyl, wherein alkenyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (Cl-C6)-alkoxy, cyano, oxo, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COCl-C6-alkyl, CO2C 1 -C6-alkyl, CONR 1 R2, NR 1 R2, NR 1 COC 1 -C6-alkyl, aryl as defined above, and heteroaryl as defined above;
c) -(Cl-C6)-alkynyl, wherein alkynyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (Cl-C6)-alkoxy, - cyano, oxo, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H~ COCl-C6-alkyl, CO2C 1 -C6-alkyl, CONR 1 R2, NR 1 R2, NR 1 COC 1 -C6-alkyl, aryl as defined above, and heteroaryl as defined above, d) -aryl, aryl as defined above, or e) -heteroaryl, heteroaryl as defined above;

R4 is:
a) absent and a is a double bond, b) -H, c) -OH, d) =O, e) -o[(c=o)or]scl-clo-alkyl~ alkyl as defined above, f) -o[(c=o)or]sc2-clo-alkenyl~ as defined above, g) -O[(C=O)Or]sC2-C6-alkynyl, alkynyl as dei~ined above, h) -o[(c=o)or]s(c3-c7)-cycloalkyl~
i) -o[(c=o)or]saryL aryl as defined above, j) -O[(C=O)Or]sheteroaryl~ heteroaryl as defined above, k) -O(CH2)nO(CH2)mheteroaryl, heteroaryl as defined above, 1) -O(CH2)nO(CH2)maryl, aryl as defined above, m) -OC(-O)NRl R2, n) -oso2R3~ or o) -NRlR2.
An embodiment of the invention are the compounds of structural Formula I, ll29 ,~0 ~H~
~O2CH3 ~ gAc I

25 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, crystal form or hydrate, wherein:

X is: O, S, or NH;

a is: a single bond;

b and c are independently: a single bond or a double bond;
nis: 1 to4;
mis: 1 to 4;
r is: O or 1;

sis: Oorl;
Rl and R2 are independently:
a) H, or b) (Cl-C6)-aLkyl, wherein alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (Cl-C6)-alkoxy, vinyl, cyano, oxo, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COCl-C6-alkyl, CO2C 1 -C6-alkyl, CONR 1 R2, NR 1 R2, NR 1 COC 1 -C6-alkyl, aryl, wherein aryl is defined as phenyl or naphthyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (Cl-C6)-alkoxy, phenyl, phenoxy, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COCl-C6-alkyl, Co2cl-c6-alk CONR 1 R2, NR 1 R2, NR 1 COC 1 -C6-alkyl and any two of adjacent substituents can be joined to form a 5-, 6- or 7-membered fused ring said ring cont~ining 1 or 2 oxygen atoms and the remainder carbon atoms, heteroaryl, wherein - heteroaryl is defined as a 5 or 6-membered ring substituted with one and two heteroatoms selected from O, S, N, unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three W O 97/16438 PCT~US96/17481 -substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, .
F, I, (Cl-C6)-alkoxy, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COCl-C6-alkyl, CO2Cl-C6-alkyl, CONR1R2, NRlR2, NRlCOCl-C6-alkyl, any two adjacent substituents can be joined to form a 5-, 6- or 7-membered fused ring said ring cont~ining 1 or 2 oxygen atoms and the remz~in~ler carbon atoms, or any two adjacent ,substituents c~n be joine-l together to forrn a benzo-fused ring;

R3 is:
a) -((~1-C6)-alkyl, alkyl as defined above;
b) -(C1-C6)-aLkenyl, wherein alkenyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (Cl-C6)-alkoxy, cyano, oxo, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H~ COCl-C6-alkyl, CO2C 1 -C6-alkyl, CONR 1 R2, NR 1 R2, NR 1 COC 1 -C6-alkyl, aryl as defined above, and heteroaryl as defined above;
c) -(Cl-C6)-alkynyl, wherein alkynyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (Cl-C6)-alkoxy, cyano, oxo, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COCl-C6-alkyl, C02C 1 -C6-aL~cyl, CONR 1 R2, NR 1 R2, NR 1 COC 1 -C6-alkyl, aryl as defined above, and heteroaryl as defined above, d) -aryl, aryl as defined above, or 2~ e) -heteroaryl, heteroaryl as defined above;

R4 is:
a) absent and a is a double bond;
b) -H, c) -OH, d) =O, e) -O[(C=O)Or]sCl-clo-alkyl~ alkyl as defined above, f) -o[(c=o)or]sc2-clo-alkenyl~ as defined above, g) -O[(C=O)Or]sC2-C6-alkynyl, alkynyl as defined above, W O 97/16438 PCT~US96/17481 -h) -o[(c=o)or]s(c3-c7)-cycloalkyl~
i) -o[(c=o)or]saryl~ aryl as defined above, j) -O[(C=O)Or]sheteroaryl~ heteroaryl as defined above,k) -o(cH2)no(cH2)mheteroaryl~ heteroaryl as defined above, 1) -o(cH2)no(cH2)maryL aryl as defined above, m) -OC(=O)NRl R2, n~ -oso2R3~ or o) -NRlR2.

An embodiment of this embodiment of the invention are the compounds of structural Formula I, ~H
2 1 H g H 14OH~2~02CH3 X~OAc OAc ~4 OAc I

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, crystal form or hydrate, wherein:

X is: O;
a is: a single bond;
20 b and c are independently: a single bond or a double bond;
n is: I to 4;
-mis: I to4;
2s r is: O or l;
sis: Oorl;

R 1 and R2 are independently:
a) H, or b) (Cl-C~)-aLkvl, wherein alkyl is unsubstituted or~suhstitllted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (C1-C6)-alkoxy, vinyl, cyano, oxo, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, C02H, COCl-C6-alkyl, C02Cl-C6-aLkyl, CONRlR2, NRlR2, NRlCOCl-C6-aLkyl, aryl, wherein aryl is defined as phenyl or naphthyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (Cl-C6)-alkoxy, phenyl, phenoxy, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, C02H, COCl-C6-alkyl, C02Cl-C6-alkyl, CONR 1 R2, NR 1 R2, NR 1 COC 1 -C6-aLkyl and any two of adjacent substituents can be joined to form a S-, 6- or 7-membered fused ring said ring cont~ining 1 or 2 oxygen atoms and the remainder carbon atoms, heteroaryl, wherein heteroaryl is defined as a 5 or 6-membered ring substituted with one and two heteroatoms selected from 0, S, N, unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (Cl-C6)-alkoxy, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, C02H, COCl-C6-alkyl, C02Cl-C6-aL~yl, CONRlR2, NRlR2, NR 1 COCl -c6-alkyl~ any two adjacent substituents can be joined to form a 5-, 6- or 7-membered fused ring said ring cont~ining 1 or 2 oxygen atoms and the remainder carbon atoms, or any two adjacent substituents can be joined together to form a benzo-fused ring, R3 is:
a) -(Cl-C6)-alkyl, alkyl as defined above, b) -aryl, aryl as defined above, or c) -heteroaryl, heteroaryl as defined above;

R4 is:
~) -O[(C=O!O~SCl-Clo-~lkyl~ ~lkyl a.c (1efined ab(lve.
b) -o[(c=o)or]s(c3-c7)-cycloalkyl~
c) -o[(c=o)or]saryl~ aryl as defined above, lo d) -O[(C=O)Or]sheteroaryl~ heteroaryl as defined above, e) -O(CH2)nO(CH2)mheteroaryl, heteroaryl as defined above, f) -O(CH2)nO(CH2)maryl, aryl as defined above, g) -OC(=O)NRl R2, or h) -oso2R3 A preferred embodiment of this embodiment are the compounds of structural Formula I, as recited in above,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, crystal form or hydrate, wherein:

20 R4 is:
a) -o[(c=o)or]saryl~ wherein aryl is defined as phenyl or naphthyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (Cl-C6)-alkoxy, phenyl, phenoxy, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COCl-C6-alkyl, Co2cl-c6-alk CONR 1 R2, NR 1 R2, NR 1 COC 1 -C6-alkyl and any two of adjacent substituents can be joined to form a 5-, 6- or 7-membered fused ring said ring cont~ining 1 or 2 oxygen atoms and the remainder carbon atoms, or b) -o[(c=o)or]sheteroaryl~ wherein heteroaryl is defined as a S or 6-membered ring substituted with one and two heteroatoms selected from O, S, N, unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from W O 97/16438 PCTrUS96/17481-the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (Cl-C6)-alkoxy, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COC1-C6-alkyl, C02Cl -C6-aLkyl, CONR lR2, NR 1 R2, NR 1 COCl -C6-alkyl, any two adjacent substituents can be joined to form a 5-, 6-s or 7-membered fused ring said ring cont~inin~ 1 or 2 oxygen atoms and the remainder carbon atoms, or any two ~diacent sllb,stit~lellts c~n be ioine(l t~ gether tC! ~n a benzo-fused ring.

Another embodiment of this invention are the compounds of structural Formula I, ~22o9 ~H~3 X~ 1 s~OAc ,~ OAc I

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, crystal form or hydrate, wherein:
Xis: HandRl;
a is: a single bond;
20 b and c are independently: a single bond or a double bond;
n is: 1 to 4;

mis: 1 to4;

W O 97/16438 PCTrUS96/17481-r is: 0 or 1;
s is: O or l;

s R l and R2 are independently:
a) H, or b~ (C I -C~)-alkyl. wherein alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (cl-c6)-alkoxy~ vinyl, cyano, oxo, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COCl-C6-alkyl, CO2C 1 -C6-alkyl, CONR 1 R2, NR 1 R2, NR 1 COC 1 -C6-alkyl, aryl, wherein aryl is defined as phenyl or naphthyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, lS F, I, (Cl-C6)-alkoxy, phenyl, phenoxy, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H~ COCl-C6-alkyl, Co2cl-c6-alk CONRlR2, NRlR2, NRlCOCl-C6-alkyl and any two of adjacent substituents can be joined to form a 5-, 6- or 7-membered fused ring said ring cont~ining 1 or 2 oxygen atoms and the remainder carbon atoms, heteroaryl, wherein heteroaryl is defined as a 5 or 6-membered ring substituted with one and two heteroatoms selected from O, S, N, unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, 2s F, I, (cl-c6)-alkoxy~ cyano, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, C02H, COC 1 -C6-aL~yl, CO2C 1 -c6-alkyl~ CONR 1 R2, NR 1 R2, NRlCOC1-C6-aLkyl, any two adjacent substituents can be joined to form a S-, 6- or 7-membered fused ring said ring cont:~ining 1 or 2 oxygen atoms and the rem~in~ler carbon ~ 30 atoms, or any two adjacent substituents can be joined together to form a benzo-fused ring;

R3 is:
a) -(Cl-C6)-alkyl, alkyl as defined above;

b) -(cl-c6)-alkenyl~ wherein aL~enyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (CI-C6)-alkoxy, cyano, oxo, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COCl-C6-alkyl, CO2C 1 -C6-aLkyl, CONR 1 R2, NR 1 R2, NR 1 COC 1 -C6-alkyl, aryl as defined above, and heteroaryl as defined above;
c) -(Cl-C~)-alkvnvl. wherein aL~vnvl is un~sub~stituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (Cl-C6)-alkoxy, cyano, oxo, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COCl-C6-alkyl, CO2C 1 -C6-alkyl, CONR 1 R2, NR 1 R2, NR 1 COC 1 -C6-alkyl, aryl as defined above, and heteroaryl as defined above, d) -aryl, aryl as defined above, or e) -heteroaryl, heteroaryl as defined above;
R4 is:
a) absent and a is a double bond;
b) -H, c) -OH, 20d) =O, e) -o[(c=o)or]scl-clo-aL~cyl~ aL~yl as defined above, f) -o[(c=o)or]sc2-clo-alkenyl~ as defined above, g) -O[(C=O)Or]sC2-C6-aL~cynyl, alkynyl as defined above, h) -O[(C=O)Or]s(C3-C7)-cycloalkyl, 2si) -o[(c=o)or]saryl~ aryl as defined above, j) -O[(C=O)Or]sheteroaryl, heteroaryl as defined above, k) -O(CH2)nO(CH2)mheteroaryl, heteroaryl as defined above, I) -O(CH2)nO(CH2)maryl, aryl as defined above, m) -OC(=O)NRl R2, 30n) -0So2R3~ or o) NRIR2.

An embodiment of thi.s embodiment are the compounds of structural Formula I, W O 97/16438 PCTrUS96/17481 -S~ ~CH3 ",~ 04~C
a I

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, crystal form or hydrate, wherein:

S Xis: HandRl;

a is: a single bond;

b and c are independently: a single bond or a double bond;
nis: 1 to4;
m is: 1 to 4;
1S r is: 0 or 1;
s is: 0 or 1;

R 1 and R2 are independently:
a) H, or b) (Cl-C6)-alkyl, wherein alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (Cl-C6)-alkoxy, vinyl, cyano, oxo, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, Cocl-c6-alkyl~
2s CO2C l -c6-alkyl~ CONR 1 R2, NR 1 R2, NR I COC I -C6-alkyl, aryl, wherein aryl is defined as phenyl or naphthyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (Cl-C6)-alkoxy, phenyl, phenoxy, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COC1-C6-alkyl, CO2C1-C6-alkyl, CONR 1 R2, NR. 1 R2, NR 1 COC 1 -C6-alkyl and any two of adjacent substituents can be joined to form a 5-, 6- or 7-membered fused ring said rirlg containing 1 or 2 oxy~;en atoms and the remainder carbon atoms, heteroaryl, wherein heteroaryl is defined as a 5 or 6-membered ring substituted with one and two heteroatoms selected from O, S, N, unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (C1-C6)-alkoxy, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COC 1 -C6-aLkyl, C02C 1 -C6-aLkyl, CONR 1 R2, NR 1 R2, NRlCOCl-C6-alkyl, any two adjacent substituents can be joined to form a 5-, 6- or 7-membered fused ring said ring cont~ining 1 or 2 oxygen atoms and the rem~in~ler carbon atoms, or any two adjacent substituents can be joined together to form a benzo-fused ring;
R3 is:
a) -(Cl-C6)-alkyl, alkyl as defined above;
b) -(Cl-C6)-alkenyl, wherein alkenyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (Cl-C6)-alkoxy, cyano, oxo, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COCl-C6-alkyl, CO2C 1 -C6-aL~yl, CONR 1 R2, NR 1 R2, NR 1 COC I -C6-alkyl, aryl as defined above, and heteroaryl as defined above;
c) -(C1-C6)-alkynyl, wherein alkynyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (Cl-C6)-alkoxy, cyano, oxo, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COC1-C6-alkyl, CO2C 1 -C6-alkyl, CONR 1 R2, NR 1 R2, NR I COC 1 -C6-alkyl, aryl as defined above, and heteroaryl as defined above, W O 97/16438 PCT~US96/17481-d) -aryl, aryl as defined above, or e) -heteroaryl, heteroaryl as defined above;

R4 is:
a) -OH, b) -o[(c=o)or]scl-clo-aLkyl~ aL~cyl as defined above, c) -o~(c=o)orl~(c~-c7)-cycloalkyl~
d) -O[(C=O)Or]saryl, aryl as defined above, e) -O[(C=O)Or]sheteroaryl~ heteroaryl as defined above, f) -o(cH2)no(cH2)mheteroaryl~ heteroaryl as defined above, g) -O(CH2)nO(CH2)maryl, aryl as defined above, h) -OC(=O)NRl R2, or i) -oso2R3.

An embodiment of the invention is a compound selected from the group consisting of:

4,6,7,15,16-pentakis(acetyloxy)- 18-hydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl-[6OC,7OC,15~ 1613]D:A-Friedo-A-homo-27,30-dinor-24-oxaoleana-1,20(29),21 -trien-3-one;

4-(2-bromobenzoyl)oxy-6,7,15,16-tetrakis(acetyloxy)- 1 ~S-hydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl [6a,7a,1513,16,13]D :A-Friedo-A-homo-27,30-dinor-24-oxaoleana- 1,20(29),21 -trien-3-one;
4,6,7,15,16-pentakis(acetyloxy)- 18-hydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl-[6a,70c,15,13,16,1~]D:A-Friedo-A-homo-27,30-dinor-24-oxaoleana-1,20(29),21 -triene;

4,6,7,15,16-pentakis(acetyloxy)-21,22-epoxy- 18-hydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl[6O~,7Oc,15,B,16,B,21~13,22,13]D:A-Friedo-A-homo-27,30-- dinor-24-oxaoleana-20(29)-en-3-one;

W O 97/16438 PCT~US96/17481 -4,6,7,15,16-pentakis(acetyloxy)- 18-hydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl-[60c,7cc,15,B,16,13]D:A-Friedo-A-homo-27,30-dinor-24-oxaoleana-20(29),21 -dien-3-one;

4-(2-bromobenzoyl)oxy-6,7,15,16-tetrakis(acetyloxy)- 18-hydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl[6cc,70~,15,13,16~1~]D:A-Friedo-A-homo-27,30-dinor-24-oxaoleana-20(29) 21-dien-3-one:

6,7,15,16-tetrakis(acetyloxy)-21,22-epoxy-4,18-dihydroxy-22-0 methoxycarbonyl[6a,7~c,15,~,16~,21 (3,2213]D: A-Friedo-A-homo-27,30-dinor-24-oxaoleana-20(29)-en-3-one; and 4-(2-bromobenzoyl)oxy-6,7,15,16-tetrakis(acetyloxy)-21,22-epoxy- 18-hydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl[60~,70~,15l3,16,13,21,13,22~3]D:A-Friedo-A-homo-27,30-dinor-24-oxaoleana-20(29)-en-3 -one .

The compounds of the present invention have asymmetric centers and this invention includes all of the optical isomers and mixtures thereof.
In addition compounds with carbon-carbon double bonds may occur in Z- and E- forms with all isomeric forms of the compounds being included in the present invention.
As used herein, the term "aL~yl" includes those alkyl groups of a designated number of carbon atoms of either a straight, branched, or cyclic configuration. Examples of "alkyl" include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-and tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, norbornyl, and the like. "Alkoxy" represents an alkyl group of indicated number of carbon atoms attached through an oxygen bridge, such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy and pentoxy.
"Alkenyl" is intended to include hydrocarbon chains of a specified number of carbon atoms of either a straight- or branched-configuration and at least one unsaturation, which may occur at any point along the chain, such as ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, dimethyl pentenyl, and the like, and includes E and Z forms, where applicable. "Halogen", as used herein, means fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo.
The term "aryl" is defined as a phenyl or naphthyl ring s which is optionally substituted at any available carbon atoms with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (Cl-C6)-alkoxy. phenyl, phenoxy~ cyano~ oxo~ nitro. hydroxy, CHO~ CO2H~ COC 1 -C6-alkyl~ CO2C 1 -C6-aLkyl~ CONR 1 R2~ NR 1 R2, NR1COC1-C6-alkyl. The aryl may also be substituted with a fused 10 5-, 6-, or 7-membered ring cont~ining one or two oxygens and the rem~ining ring atoms being carbon, the fused 5-, 6-, or 7-ring being selected from the group consisting of: dioxolanyl, dihydrofuranyl, dihydropyranyl, and dioxanyl.
The term "heteroaryl" as utilized herein is intended to 15 include the following a 5 or 6-membered ring substituted with one or two heteroatoms selected from O, S, N, and is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (Cl-C6)-alkoxy, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, CHO
C02H, COCl-C6-alkyl~ C02Cl-C6-alkyL CONRlR2, NRlR2 20 NR 1COCl-C6-aL~yl, any two adjacent substituents can be joined to form a 5-, 6- or 7-membered fused ring said ring cont~ining 1 or 2 oxygen atoms and the remainder carbon atoms, or any two adjacent substituents can be joined together to form a benzo-fused ring. Heteroaryl groups within the scope of this definition include but are not limited to:
2s acridinyl, carbazolyl, cinnolinyl, quinoxalinyl, pyrrazolyl, indolyl, benzotriazolyl, furanyl, thienyl, benzothienyl, benzofuranyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, and pyrrolyl which are substituted or unsubstituted as defined above.
In the compounds of Formula I, the heteroaryl group may 30 be optionally substituted with the substituents listed above at any available carbon atom or nitrogen atom (if present), but compounds bearing certain substitutents, directly substituted to a nitrogen may be relatively unstable and are not preferred. The heteroaryl may also be fused to a second 5-, 6-, or 7-membered ring containing one or two oxygens selected from the, the rem~ining ring atoms being carbon, selected from the group consisting of: dioxolanyl, dihydrofuranyl, dihydropyranyl, and dioxanyl.
Phs~ reutically acceptable salts include both the metallic s (inorganic) salts and organic salts; a list of which is given in Remingfon 's Pharmaceutical Sciences, l 7th Edition, pg. l 4 l 8 ( l 985). It is well known to one skilled in the art that an appro~riate salt form is chosen based on physical and chemical stability, flowability, hydro-scopicity and solubility. As will be understood by those skilled in the 0 art, pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to salts of inorganic acids such as hydrochloride, sulfate, phosphate, diphosphate, hydrobromide, and nitrate or salts of an organic acid such as m~1~te, maleate, fumarate, tartrate, succinate, citrate, acetate, lactate, methanesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate or palmoate, salicylate and 15 stearate. Similarly pharmaceutically acceptable cations include, but are not limited to sodium, potassium, calcium, aluminum, lithium and ammonium (especially ammonium salts with secondary amines).
Preferred salts of this invention for the reasons cited above include potassium, sodium, calcium and ammonium salts. Also included within 20 the scope of this invention are crystal forrns, hydrates and solvates of the compounds of Formula I.

-W O 97116438 PCT~US96/17481-~29 2 H~8 ~ O

2~\ OAc Li, NH3 THF

,~2CH3 28~ OAc OAc 11 s As seen in Scheme A, compound I, 4,5,6,15,16-pentakis (acetyloxy)-21,22-epoxy- 18-hydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl[6a, 7a, 15~, 16~, 21,13, 2213]D:A-Freido-A-homo-27,30-dinor-24-oxaoleana-1,20(29)-diene-3-one, isolated from Spachea correa in liquid ammonia with lithium metal will result in the reduction of the Cl olefin group to produce the saturated lactone. Alternative methods for reducing the Cl olefin group and/or the C20(29) olefin that are known in the art may also be employed. US Serial Number 08/476,806 filed on June 7, 1995 describes the isolation of compound I and is hereby incorporated by CA 02236l7l l998-04-28 WO 97/16438 PCT~US96/17481 -reference. The resultant lactone can then be converted to the oxepin analog by procedures described in Reaction Scheme B.
It should also be noted that compounds of Formula I having the 11,12-double bond can be prepared using the starting material, s 4,6,7,15,16-pentakisacetoxy-21,22-epoxy- 18-hydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl[60~,7Oc, l 5,B,16~B,21,(3,22,B]D:A-Freido-A-homo-27,30-dinor-24-oxaleana-1 11.20(29)-trien-3-one. isolated fro~ Snaehea c~rrea and following the procedures described herein. However, there may be reactions where it will not be possible to selectively operate on one of the double bonds, for example, ozonolysis.
REACTION SCHEME B
Il 29 12 H18~C~

2~4 OAc I (b is a double bond) Il (b is a single bond) 1. LiAlH(OtBu)3 2. Et3SiH, BF30Et2 ,a~

O Ac 25/~4 OAc CA 02236l7l l998-04-28 W O 97/16438 PCTrUS96/17481-As seen in Scheme B, compound I [(4,6,7,15,16-pentakis(acetyloxy)-21,22-epoxy- 18-hydroxy-22-methyoxycarbonyl-[6O~,70~,15,13,1613,21,13,22~]D:A-Freido-A-homo-27,30-dinor-24-oxaoleana-l, 20(29)-dien-3-one], isolated from Spachea correa can be 5 converted to its oxepin analog in a two step process. US Serial Number 08/476,806 filed June 7, 1995, describing the isolation of compound I
and is hereby incorporated bv reference. Lactone T is first redluced to the lactol. This can be accomplished by using a variety of reducing agents including di-isobutylal7-minnm hydride (DIBAL-H) and sodium lo bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminum hydride (Red-AI). A more optimal reducing agent is the use of lithium tri-t-butoxyal~lminllm hydride in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane at reduced temperatures, preferably 0~C. The purified lactol intermediate is then reacted with triethylsilane and a Lewis acid such as borontrifluoride diethyl etherate 15 to give the ether (oxepin) analog of I.

WO 97/16438 PCT~US96/17481 -REACTION SCHEME C

~20 ~ ~2CH3 1. LiAlH(OtBu)3 2. Et3AI

12 H1~ ~~

Et~2c H3 In a variation of Scheme B, ether (oxepin) derivatives 5 substituted at C3 can also be prepared. Thus in Reaction Scheme C, lactone I is first reduced to the lactol as described in Reaction Scheme B.
The purified lactol intermediate is then reacted with a trialkylalllminllm reagent, as exemplified in this scheme by triethylaluminum (Et3AI) to give the ethyl derivative. The allyl derivative can be prepared with 10 allyltrimethylsilane and a Lewis acid, such as borontrifluoride diethyl etherate.

W O 97/16438 PCTrUS96/17481 -REACTION SCHEME D
ll29 12 1--1B 22 C~

8~ OAc 2 OAc WCI6, nBuLi THF, 50 ~C

~22o9 X~OACC02C H3 2~ OAc The C21-C22 epoxide of lactone or ether derivatives can be s converted to the olefin by use of a WC16/BuLi complex (1:2) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) by procedures developed by Sharpless et al. (J.
Am. Chem. Soc., 94, 653~-6540, 1972). This conversion can be achieved before or after any of the reaction schemes described.

W O 97/16438 PCT~US96/17481 -RE~CTION SCHEME E

~ M~
H ~ CO2CH3 o~OAc CH3 4 OAc HCI/THF
or CH3(CI)AI[N(OCH3)CH3]

=~CO2C H3 ~OAc Lactone or ether derivatives can be selectively de-acetylated s at C4 to give the corresponding alcohol by reacting it with an aqueous solution of HCI (preferably 2M to 3M concentration) in THF. It can also be prepared by reacting I with CH3(CI)Al[N(OCH3)CH3] (Weinreb reagent) in inert solvents such as THF, toluene or methylene chloride.
If a product from this reaction contains the epoxide, it can 1~) be removed by the method described in Reaction Scheme D.

W O 97/16438 PCT~US96/17481-REACTION SCHEME F
Il H ~OH CO2CH3 X~ ~M~OAc CH3~4 OH
[~] ~
I Me¦¦
H ~/~CO2CH3 ~\ /~OAc b Me Me ~OAc 'OAc The C4 hydroxy group can be oxidized to the corresponding ketone by a variety of oxidizing agents. The Jones reagent (chromic acid and sulfuric acid in H20), pyridinium chlorochromate, and oxalyl chloride plus DMSO all will achieve this conversion.

REACTION SCHEME G

CO~CH~
~\ ~--OAc X \~", OAc (PhO)3MePI
HMPT, 75 ~C
J~
H ~ ~--CO2CH3 =~ ~OAc s The C4 hydroxy group can be dehydrated to give the olefin. Reaction of the alcohol with tris-phenoxymethylphosphonium iodide in hexamethylphosphorous triamide (HMPT) at 75~C will achieve this conversion.

REACTION SCHEME H

R4 COCI ~M~
H ~i co2CH3 ~OAc H ~CO2CH3 ~OAc ~' CDI, R1R2NHH ~ CO2CH3 o(~OAc C H3~4 O
O~NR1R2 W O 97/16438 PCT~US96/17481-REACTION SCHEME H (CONT'D~
Il CDI, R40H
co2CH3 ~OAc ~-- OAc OAC

o~oR4 Me¦
~)H CO2CH3 ~OAc X~o ~ ~ 0 CH3~4 OH

R40H, Tf20, base H I~OH~--CO2CH3 ~ OAc ~"'OAOAC
CH3 ~\oR4 As depicted in Reaction Scheme H, esters at C4 can be s prepared by reaction of a preformed carboxylic acid chloride with the C4 alcohol derivative (Reaction Scheme E) in a basic solvent such as pyridine. It should be understood that R4 is used to represent a portion of the R4 definition, e.g. R4 can be an alkyl carbonate which is depicted in the scheme as oC(=o)oR4, R4 representing the alkyl substituent.
10 The acid chlorides, when not purchased, are prepared by stirring the carboxylic acids in reagents such as oxalyl chloride or thionyl chloride.
Esters may also be prepared by reaction of the acid chloride and C4 .

W O 97/16438 PCTrUS96/17481-alcohol with silver cyanide (AgCN) in an aprotic solvent such as HMPA.
C4 sulfonate derivatives are prepared in a similar manner by reaction with sulfonyl chlorides.
C4 carbonate and carbamate derivatives are prepared by 5 first reacting the C4 alcohol derivative with carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) to obtain the imidazolecarbonyl intermediate which is then reacted with an alcohol or amine (R lR2N~! to give the correspollding c~rhon~te or carbamate derivatives.
C4 ether derivatives can also be prepared. The best 10 procedure involves reacting an alcohol with trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (Tf20, triflic anhydride) to obtain the preformed triflate in dichloromethane at reduced temperature, preferably -7~s~C. To this solution is added the triterpene alcohol, the reaction mixture is warmed to room temperature and stirring is continued until reaction is complete.
5 Ethers may also be prepared by heating a mixture of triterpene C4 alcohol, the appropriate aL~ylhalide and an excess of silver oxide (Ag20) in an aprotic invert solvent such as THF.

l~EACTION SCHEME I

H~CO2C H3 c~\ r~e ~OAc X~ o OAC

NaCNBH3 H ~ CO2CH3 --OAc O----A 'OAC
R1 R2N ~C H

Amines at C4 can be prepared from the C4 ketone described in Reaction Scheme F by reaction with an amine NHR 1 R2 in a 5 variety of solvents with a reducing agent such as sodium cyanoborohydride .
UTILITY

The present invention is related to compounds of formula I, including but not limited to those specified in the examples, which are useful in a m~mm~lian subject for the treatment and prevention of immunemediated diseases such as the resistance by transplantation of organs or tissue such as heart, kidney, liver, medulla 1~ ossium, skin, cornea, lung, pancreas, intestinum tenue, limb, muscle, W O 97/16438 PCT~US96/17481 -nervus, duodenum, small-bowel, pancreatic-islet-cell, including xeno transplants, etc.; graft-versus-host diseases brought about by medulla ossium transplantation; autoimmlme diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, I~himoto's thyroiditis, s multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, type I diabetes uveitis, juvenile-onset or recent-onset diabetes mellitus, posterior uveitis, allergic encephalomyelitis. glomel~llonephritis, alld the lil~e~ and further infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorg~ni~m.~. Further uses may include the treatment and prophylaxis of infl~mm~tory and hyperproliferative skin diseases and cutaneous manifestations of immunologically mediated illnesses, such as psoriasis, atopical dermatitis, contact dermatitis and further eczematous dermatitises and further eczematous dermatitises, seborrhoeis dermatitis, Lichen planus, Pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, Epidermolysis bullosa, urticaria, angioedemas, vasculitides, erythemas, cutaneous eosinophilias, Lupus erythematosus, acne and Alopecia areata; various eye diseases (autoimmune and otherwise) such as keratoconjunctivitis, vernal conjunctivitis, uveitis associated with Behcet's disease, keratitis, herpetic keratitis, conical cornea, dystrophia epithelialis corneae, corneal leukoma, ocular pemphigus, Mooren's ulcer, Scleritis, Graves' opthalmopathy, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, sarcoidosis, etc.;
pollen allergies, reversible obstructive airway disease, which includes condition such as asthma (for example, bronchial asthma, allergic asthma, intrinsic asthma, extrinsic asthma and dust asthma), particularly 2s chronic or inveterate asthma (for example, late asthma and airway hyper-responsiveness), bronchitis and the like; infl~mm~tion of mucous and blood vessels such as gastric ulcers, vascular ~l~m~ge caused by ischemic diseases and thrombosis, ischemic bowel diseases, infl~mm~tory bowel diseases, necrotizing enterocolitis, intestinal lesions ~ 30 associated with thermal burns and leukotriene B4-mediated diseases;
intestinal infl~mm~tions/allergies such as Coeliac diseases, proctitis, - eosinophilic gastroenteritis, mastocytosis, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis; food-related allergic diseases which have symptomatic manifestation remote from the gastrointestinal tract (e.g. migraine, W O 97/16438 PCT~US96/17481 -rhinitis and eczema); renal diseases such as interstitial nephritis, Good-pasture's syndrome, hemolytic-uremic syndrome and diabetic nephropathy; nervous diseases such as multiple myositis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Meniere's disease, polyneuritis, multiple neuritis, 5 mononeuritis and radiculopathy; endocrine diseases such as hyperthyroidism and Basedow's disease; hematic diseases such as pure red cell aplasia. aplastic anemia. hvpoplastic anemia. idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, agranulocytosis, pernicious anemia, megaloblastic anemia and 10 anerythroplasia; bone diseases such as osteoporosis; respiratory diseases such as sarcoidosis, fibroid lung and idiopathic interstitial pneumonia;
skin disease such as dermatomyositis, leukoderma vulgaris, ichthyosis vulgaris, photoallergic sensitivity and cutaneous T cell Iymphoma;
circulatory diseases such as arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, aortitis 15 syndrome, polyarteritis nodosa and myocardosis; collagen diseases such as scleroderma, Wegener's granuloma and Sjogren's syndrome;
adiposis; eosinophilic fascitis; periodontal disease such as lesions of gingiva, periodontium, alveolar bone and substantia ossea dentis;
nephrotic syndrome such as glomerulonephritis; male pattern alopecia 20 or alopecia senilis by preventing epilation or providing hair germination and/or promoting hair generation and hair growth; muscular dystrophy;
Pyoderma and Sezary's syndrome; Addison's disease; active oxygen-mediated diseases, as for example organ injury such as ischemia-reperfusion injury of organs (such as heart, liver, kidney and digestive 25 tract) which occurs upon preservation, transplantation or ischemic disease (for example, thrombosis and cardiac infraction): intestinal diseases such as endotoxin-shock, pseudomembranous colitis and colitis caused by drug or radiation; renal diseases such as ischemic acute renal insufficiency and chronic renal insufficiency; pulmonary diseases such 30 as toxinosis caused by lung-oxygen or drug (for example, paracort and bleomycins), lung cancer and pulmonary emphysema; ocular diseases such as cataracta, siderosis, retinitis, pigmentosa, senile macular degeneration, vitreal scarring and corneal alkali bum; dermatitis such as erythema multiforme, linear IgA ballous dermatitis and cement dermatitis; and others such as gingivitis, periodontitis, sepsis, pancreatitis, diseases caused by environmental pollution (for example, air pollution), aging, carcinogenis, metastasis of carcinoma and hypobaropathy; disease caused by histamine or leukotriene-C4 release;
s Behcet's disease such as intestinal-, vasculo- or neuro-Behcet's disease, and also Behcet's which affects the oral cavity, skin, eye, vulva, articulation. epididymis lung, kidney and so on. Furthermo~e~ the compounds of the invention are useful for the treatment and prevention of hepatic disease such as immllnogenic diseases (for example, chronic 10 autoimmune liver diseases such as the group consisting of autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis and sclerosing cholangitis), partial liver resection, acute liver necrosis (e.g. necrosis caused by toxin, viral hepatitis, shock, or anoxia), B-virus hepatitis, non-A/non-B hepatitis, cirrhosis (such as alcoholic cirrhosis) and hepatic failure such as 5 fillmin~nt hepatic failure, late-onset hepatic failure and "acute-on-chronic" liver failure (acute liver failure on chronic liver diseases), and moreover are useful for various diseases because of their useful activity such as augmention of chemotherapeutic effect, preventing or treating activity of cytomegalovirus infection, particularly HCMV infection, and 20 antiinfl~mm~tory activity; and The compounds of the present invention may also be used in the treatment of immunodepression or a disorder involving immllnodepression, such as AIDS, cancer, senile dementia, trauma (including wound healing, surgery and shock) chronic bacterial 2s infection, and certain central nervous system disorders.
A method of treating a condition in a m~mm~l, the treatment of which is effected or facilitated by Kv 1.3 inhibition, comprising the ~lmini~tration, in an amount that is effective at inhibiting KV1 3~ of a compound of Formula I. The method of treating 30 a condition in a m~mm~l, the treatment of which is effected or facilitated by Kvl.3 inhibition, wherein the condition is selected from - the group consisting of: immlmemediated diseases such as the resistance by transplantation of organs or tissue such as heart, kidney, liver, medulla ossium, skin, cornea, lung, pancreas, intestinum tenue, limb, W O 97/16438 PCT~US96/17481 -muscle, nervus, duodenurn, small-bowel, pancreatic-islet-cell, including xeno transplants, etc.; graft-versus-host diseases brought about by medulla ossium transplantation; autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, s multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, type I diabetes uveitis, juvenile-onset or recent-onset diabetes mellitus, posterior uveitis, allergic encephalomvelitis. glomerulonephritis~ and the like; and further infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorg~ni.cmc. Fur~er uses may include the treatment and prophylaxis of infl~mm~tory and 10 hyperproliferative skin diseases and cutaneous manifestations of immllnologically mediated illnesses, such as psoriasis, atopical dermatitis, contact dermatitis and further eczematous dermatitises and further eczematous derrnatitises, seborrhoeis derm~ti~i~, Lichen planus, Pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, Epidermolysis bullosa, urticaria, angioedemas, vasculitides, erythemas, cutaneous eosinophilias, Lupus erythematosus, acne and Alopecia areata; various eye diseases (autoimmllne and otherwise) such as keratoconjunctivitis, vernal conjunctivitis, uveitis associated with Behcet's disease, keratitis, herpetic keratitis, conical cornea, dystrophia epithelialis corneae, corneal 20 leukoma, ocular pemphigus, Mooren's ulcer, Scleritis, Graves' opthalmopathy, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, sarcoidosis, etc.;
reversible obstructive airway disease, which includes condition such as asthma (for example, bronchial asthma, allergic asthma, intrinsic asthma, extrinsic asthma and dust asthrna), particularly chronic or 25 inveterate asthma (for example, late asthma and airway hyper-responsiveness), bronchitis and the like; infl~mm~tion of mucous and blood vessels such as gastric ulcers, vascular damage caused by ischemic diseases and thrombosis, ischemic bowel diseases, infl~mm~tory bowel diseases, necrotizing enterocolitis, intestinal lesions associated with 30 thermal burns and leukotriene B4-mediated diseases; intestinal infl~mm~tions/allergies such as Coeliac diseases, proctitis, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, mastocytosis, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis;
food-related allergic diseases which have symptomatic manifestation remote from the gastrointestinal tract (e.g. migraine, rhinitis and -W O 97/16438 PCTrUS96/17481 -eczema); renal diseases such as interstitial nephritis, Good-pasture's syndrome, hemolytic-uremic syndrome and diabetic nephropathy;
nervous diseases such as multiple myositis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Meniere's disease, polyneuritis, multiple neuritis, mononeuritis and 5 radiculopathy; endocrine diseases such as hyperthyroidism and Basedow's disease; hematic diseases such as pure red cell aplasia, aplastic anemia, hypoplastic anemia~ idiopathic thrombocvtopenic puIpura autoimmune hemolytic anemia, agranulocytosis, pernicious anemia, megaloblastic anemia and anerythroplasia; bone diseases such as 10 osteoporosis; respiratory diseases such as sarcoidosis, fibroid lung and idiopathic interstitial pneumonia; skin disease such as dermatomyositis, leukoderma vulgaris, ichthyosis vulgaris, photoallergic sensitivity and cutaneous T cell lymphoma; circulatory diseases such as arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, aortitis syndrome, polyarteritis nodosa and 15 myocardosis; collagen diseases such as scleroderma, Wegener's granuloma and Sjogren's syndrome; adiposis; eosinophilic fascitis;
periodontal disease such as lesions of gingiva, periodontium, alveolar bone and substantia ossea dentis; nephrotic syndrome such as glomerulonephritis; male pattern aleopreia or alopecia senilis by 20 preventing epilation or providing hair germination and/or promoting hair generation and hair growth; muscular dystrophy; Pyoderma and Sezary's syndrome; Addison's disease; active oxygen-mediated diseases, as for example organ injury such as ischemia-reperfusion injury of organs (such as heart, liver, kidney and digestive tract) which occurs 2s upon preservation, transplantation or ischemic disease (for example, thrombosis and cardiac infraction): intestinal diseases such as endotoxin-shock, pseudomembranous colitis and colitis caused by drug or radiation; renal diseases such as ischemic acute renal insufficiency and chronic renal insufficiency; pulmonary diseases such as toxinosis caused 30 by lung-oxygen or drug (for example, paracort and bleomycins), lung cancer and pulmonaly emphysema; ocular diseases such as cataracta, - siderosis, retinitis, pigmentosa, senile macular degeneration, vitreal scarring and corneal alkali bum; dermatitis such as erythema multiforme, linear IgA ballous dermatitis and cement dermatitis; and others such as gingivitis, periodontitis, sepsis, pancreatitis, diseases caused by environmental pollution (for example, air pollution), aging, carcinogenis, metastasis of carcinoma and hypobaropathy; disease caused by histamine or leukotriene-C4 release; Behcet's disease such as s intestinal-, vasculo- or neuro-Behcet's disease, and also Behcet's which affects the oral cavity, skin, eye, vulva, articulation, epididymis, lung, kidney and so on. Furthermore, the compounds of the invention are useful for the treatment and prevention of hepatic disease such as immllnogenic diseases (for example, chronic autoimmune liver diseases 10 such as the group consisting of autoimml-ne hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis and sclerosing cholangitis), partial liver resection, acute liver necrosis (e.g. necrosis caused by toxin, viral hepatitis, shock, or anoxia), B-virus hepatitis, non-A/non-B hepatitis, cirrhosis (such as alcoholic cirrhosis) and hepatic failure such as fillmin~nt hepatic failure, late-15 onset hepatic failure and "acute-on-chronic" liver failure (acute liver failure on chronic liver diseases), and moreover are useful for various diseases because of their useful activity such as augmention of chemotherapeutic effect, preventing or treating activity of cytomegalovirus infection, particularly HCMV infection, and 20 antiinfl~mm~tory activity; and immunodepression or a disorder involving immunodepression, such as AIDS, cancer, senile dementia, trauma (including wound healing, surgery and shock), chronic bacterial infection, and certain central nervous system disorders.
An embodiment of the invention is a method for the 25 treatment of autoimmune diseases. Another embodiment of the invention is a method for the prevention of rejection of foreign organ transplants comprising ~lmini~tering to a patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I.
One end result of an autoimml-ne or a rejection process is 30 tissue destruction caused by infl~mm~tory cells and the mediators they release. Anti-infl:~mm~tory agents such as NSAID's and corticosteroids act principally by blocking the effect or secretion of these mediators, W O 97/16438 PCTrUS96/17481 -but do nothing to modify the immlmologic basis of the disease. On the other hand, cytotoxic agents, such as cyclophosphamide, act in such a nonspecific fashion that both the normal and autoimmllne responses are shut off. Indeed, patients treated with such nonspecific immllno-suppressive agents are as likely to succumb from infection as they are from their autoimmlme disease.
Cyclospnrin ~ which was ~I)pr~ved hv ~e ~T~ A
in 1983, is currently the le~lling drug used to prevent rejection of transplanted organs. The drug acts by inhibiting the body's immllne system from mobilizing its vast arsenal of natural protecting agents to reject the transplant's foreign protein. Though cyclosporin A is effective in fighting transplant rejection, it is nephrotoxic and is known to cause several undesirable side effects including kidney failure, abnormal liver function and gastrointestinal discomfort.
Newer, safer drugs exhibiting fewer side effects are constantly being searched for in the field. The present invention provides for immlmosuppressant agents which are inhibitors of a voltage dependent potassium channel, Kv 1.3, that is found on human T-lymphocytes.
Potassium channels modulate a number of cellular events such as muscle contraction, neuro-endocrine secretion, frequency and duration of action potentials, electrolyte homeostasis, and resting membrane potential. These channels comprise a family of proteins that have been classified according to their biophysical and pharmacological 2s characteristics. Inhibition of K+ channels, in their role as modulators of the plasma membrane potential in hllm~n T -lymphocytes, has been postulated to play a role in eliciting immunosuppressive responses. In regulating membrane potential, K+ channels play a role in the regulation of intracellular Ca++ homeostasis, which has been found to be important in T-cell activation. The biochemical characterization of K+ channels is underdeveloped, due to the paucity of selective high affinity probes.
Functional voltage-gated K+ channels can exist as multimeric structures formed by the association of either identical or dissimilar subunits. This phenomena is thought to account for the wide diversity of K+ channels. However, subunit compositions of native K+
channels and ~e physiologic role that particular channels play are, in rnost cases, still unclear.
s The KV1.3 channel is a voltage-gated potassium channel that is found in neurons, blood cells, osteoclasts and T-lymphocytes.
The ~handy ~nd (~ahal7m lahor~ories propose~ a hypotl~e~is that blocking the Kvl.3 channel would elicit an immllnosuppressant response. (Chandy et al., J. Exp. Med. 160, 369, 1984; Decoursey et al 0 Nature, 307, 465, 19~S4). However, the K+ channel blockers employed in their studies were non-selective. Until research with the peptide margatoxin, a peptide found in scorpion venom, no specific inhibitor of the Kv 1.3 channel existed to test this hypothesis. Although a laboratory (Price et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 86, 10171, l9g9) showed that 1S charybdotoxin would block KV1.3 in hllm~n T cells, charybdotoxin was subsequently shown to inhibit four different K+ channels (KV1.3 and three distinct small conductance Ca l l activated K+ channels) in hllm~n T-lymphocytes, limiting the use of this toxin as a probe for the physiological role of Kv 1.3 (Leonard et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89, 10094, 1992). Margatoxin, on the otherhand, blocks only Kvl.3 in T-cells, and has immunosuppressant activity in both in vitro and in vivo models. (Lin et al., J. Exp. Med, 177, 637, 1993). Since the compounds of the embodiments of this invention produce blockade of KV1~3~ they will also inhibit T-cell activation.
Also within the scope of this invention is a method of treating a condition in a m~mm~l, the treatment of which is effected or facilitated by KV1.3 inhibition, comprising the ~mini~tration of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a suitable pharmaceutical carrier and a compound of Formula (I), in an amount that is effective at 3~ inhibiting Kv 1.3.
Also within the scope of this invention is a combination therapy comprising a compound of formula I and one or more immllnosuppressant agents. These imm7mosuppressant agents within the scope of this invention include, but are not limited to, IMUREK(~) W O 97/16438 PCTAUS96tl7481-~ azathioprine sodium, brequinar sodium, SPANIDIN(~) gusperimus trihydrochloride (also known as deoxyspergualin), mizoribine (also known as bredinin), CELLCEPT(g) mycophenolate mofetil, NEORAL(~) Cyclosporin A (also marketed as different formulation of Cyclosporin A
5 under the trademark SANDIMMUNE(~)), PROGRAF(~) tacrolimus (also known as FK-506) and RAPIMMUNE(~' sirolimus (also known as rap~myrin)~ lefllunQmide ~also kno~n as ~Y~A-486)~ ,,lucocortcoids, such as prednisolone and its derivatives, antibody therapies such as orthoclone (OKT3) and Zenapax and antithymyocyte globulins, such as 10 thymoglobulins.
Using the methodologies described below, representative compounds of the invention were evaluated and found to exhibit IC50 values of at least <10 ,uM in any of the assays thereby demonstrating and confirming the utility of the compounds of the invention as Kv 1.3 5 inhibitors and immunosuppressants.

Peripheral blood mononuclear (MNC) cells from healthy 20 donors were separated by density centrifugation with ficoll-hypaque (LSM, Organon Teknika, Durham, NC), followed by rosetted with neuraminidase treated sheep red blood cells (SRBC). After another centrifugation with leucocyte separation medium (LSM), the SRBC of the rosetted T cells were then lysed with ammonium chloride lysing 25 buffer (GIBCO, Grand Island, NY). Such purified T cells were resuspended at 3 X 106/ ml in RPMI 1640 culture medium (GIBCO) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (Sigma, St. Louis, MO), 100 mM glutamine, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 0.1 mM non-essential amino acids, and 1 % penn-strep (GIBCO). The cell suspension was 30 immediately distributed into 96 well round-bottom microculture plates (Costar) at 200 ~l/well. The various dilutions of test compound were - then added in triplicate wells at 25 ~l/well, incubated for 30 min at 37~C. Ionomycin (125 ng/ml), and PMA (1 or 5 ng/ml), were added to the appropriate wells. The culture plates were then incubated at 37~C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 - 95% air for 18-24 hours. The W O 97/16438 PCT~US96/17481 - -supernzlt~ntc were removed, and assayed for IL-2 with an IL-2 capture ELISA, using monoclonal anti-IL-2, and biotinylated goat anti-IL-2 antibodies (unconjugated antibodies purchased from R&D System, Minneapolis, MN). The ELISA was developed with streptavidin s conjugated peroxidase (Zymed, San Francisco, CA) and substrate for peroxidase (Sigma). Mean OD and units of IL-2 of the replicate wells were calculated from standard curve~ created with recomhin~nt TT,-2 (Collaborative Biomedical Products, Bedford, ~A) and the results were expressed as concentration of compound required to inhibit IL-2 production of T cells by 50%.
T CELL PROLIFERATION ASSAY
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) from healthy ls donors were separated by density centrifugation with ficoll-hypaque (LSM, Organon Teknika, Durham, NC). After washing the MNC with complete media (RPMI 1640 medium with 5% fetal calf serum, 100 mM
glllt~mine, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 0.1 mM non-essential amino acid, and 1% penn-strep, obtained from GIBCO, Grand Island, NY), they were then irradiated at 7500 RADS, and resuspended at 4-4.5 x 106cells/ml in complete media. Another aliquot of MNC were rosetted with neuraminidase treated SRBC. After another centrifugation with LSM, the sheep red blood cells (SRBC) of these rosetted T cells were then Iysed with ammonium chloride lysing buffer (GIBCO, Grand Island, NY). After washing 2X with complete media, these purified T
cells were also resuspended at 2-2.5 x 106cells/ml in complete media.
The various dilutions of the compound were added in triplicates at 50 ul/well of a 96 well flat-bottom microculture plate (Costar, Cambridge, MA). T cell suspension was then immediately distributed into the wells 3~ at 100 ul/well. After incubating the cells with compound for 30 min. at 37~C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% C02 - 95% air, 20 ,ul/well of anti-CD3 (Ortho Diagnostic, NJ) at final conc. of 0.3 ng/ml was added, followed by 50 ,ul of the irradiated MNC. The culture plates were then incubated at 37~C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 - 95% air for 3s 72 hours. The proliferation of T Iymphocytes was assessed by W O 97/16438 PCT~US96/17481-measurement of tritiated thymidine incorporation. During the last 18-24 hrs. of culturing, the cells were pulse-labeled with 2 ,uCi/well of tritiated thymidine (NEN, Cambridge, MA). The cultures were harvested on glass fiber filters using a multiple sample harvester s (MACH-II, Wallac,Gaithersburg, MD). Radioactivity of filterdiscs corresponding to individual wells was measured by standard liquid scintillation countin~ methods (Betaplate Scint Counter~ Wallac). Mean counts per minute of replicate wells were calculated and the results were expressed as concentration of compound required to inhibit tritiated 10 thymidine uptake of T cells by 50%.

KVl.3-RUBIDIUM EFFLUX ASSAY
CHO cells transfected with Kvl.3 channels at site densities 15 of approximately 40,000 sites/cell are plated into 96 well culture plates and m~int~ined in Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium (IMDM, with L-Glutarnine and HEPES, JRH 13iosciences). Cells are incubated overnight with 86Rb+ (3 ,uCi/ml, Dupont-NEN) in the glllt~mine supplemented IMDM. After aspiration of the media, 100 ,ul of Low K
20 Buffer (in mM, 6.5 KCl, 125 NaCI, 1 CaCl2, 2 MgCl2, 10 HEPES, pH
adjusted to 7.2 with NaOH) is added to each well followed by 100 ,ul test samples in Low K Buffer also cont~ining 0.2% BSA and 2 mM ouabain.
Samples are tested at either 1 ,ug/ml for routine screening or at a variety of concentrations encompassing at least 1/10 to 10 times the putative 25 ICso of test compound to determine potency. After a fixed preincubation time, which is usually 10 min, the samples are aspirated.
The Kv 1.3 channels are opened by depolarization of the cells with High K Buffer (final concentrations, in mM, 63.25 KCl, 68.25 NaCl, 1 CaCl2, 2 MgCl2, 10 HEPES, pH adjusted to 7.2 with NaOH) also 30 cont~ining test compounds. To measure 86Rb+ efflux through the channels, aliquots of 100 ,ul are taken from each well after a given time and added to plates cont~ining 100 ,ul MicroScint-40 (Packard) for counting by liquid scintillation techniques. MicroScint-40 (100 ,ul) is then added to each well of the cell plate to determine the rem~ining 35 86Rb+ activity. The efflux counts are norm~li7ed for the total amount of 86Rb+ that was in the cells by ~d-ling the efflux counts to the cell plate counts. Activity is determined by % inhibition of the efflux window that is established using a saturating concentration of margatoxin (MgTX), a 39 amino acid peptide that is a potent blocker of Kv 1.3 channels (ICso =
S 100 p~).
D~)S~J~. Fl~ lS
As an immunosuppressive, these compounds are useful in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, the prevention of rejection of foreign organ transplants and/or related afflictions, diseases and illnesses.
The compounds of this invention can be ~clmini~tered for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, the prevention of rejection of foreign organ transplants and/or related afflictions, diseases and illnesses according to the invention by any means that effects contact of the active ingredient compound with the site of action in the body of a warm-blooded ~nim~l For example, ~lmini.~tration, can be oral, topical, including transdermal, ocular, buccal, intranasal, inh~l~tion, intravaginal, rectal, intracisternal and parenteral. The term "parenteral" as used herein refers to modes of ~lministration which include subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intraarticular injection or infusion, intrasternal and intraperitoneal.
The compounds can be ~lmini~tered by any conventional 2s means available for use in conjunction with pharmaceuticals, either as individual therapeutic agents or in a combination of therapeutic agents.
They can be ~lminictered alone, but are generally ~lmini.ctered with a ph:~rm~ceutical carrier selected on the basis of the chosen route of ~(lmini~tration and standard pharmaceutical practice.
For the purpose of this disclosure, a warm-blooded ~nim~l is a member of the ~nim~l kingdom possessed of a homeostatic mechanism and includes m~mmals and birds.
The dosage ~lmini~tered will be dependent on the age, health and weight of the recipient, the extent of disease, kind of 3s concurrent treatment, if any, fre~uency of treatment and the nature of the effect desired. Usually, a daily dosage of active ingredient compound will be from about 1-500 milligrams per day. Ordinarily, from 10 to 100 milligrams per day in one or more applications is effective to obtain desired results. These dosages are the effective s amounts for the treatment of autoimmllne diseases, the prevention of rejection of foreign organ transplants and/or related afflictions, diseases and illnesses.
The active ingredient can be a~lmini~tered orally in solid dosage forms, such as capsules, tablets, troches, dragées, granules and powders, or in liquid dosage forms, such as elixirs, syrups, emulsions, dispersions, and suspensions. The active ingredient can also be zl~lmini~tered parenterally, in sterile liquid dosage forms, such as dispersions, suspensions or solutions. Other dosages forms that can also be used to ~lmini~ter the active ingredient as an ointment, cream, drops, transdermal patch or powder for topical ~lmini~tration, as an ophth~lmic solution or suspension formation, i.e., eye drops, for ocular ~lmini~tration, as an aerosol spray or powder composition for inh~l~tion or intranasal ~lmini~tration, or as a cream, ointment, spray or suppository for rectal or vaginal ~lmini~tration.
Gelatin capsules contain the active ingredient and powdered carriers, such as lactose, starch, cellulose derivatives, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, and the like. Similar diluents can be used to make compressed tablets. Both tablets and capsules can be manufactured as sustained release products to provide for continuous release of 2s medication over a period of hours. Compressed tablets can be sugar coated or film coated to mask any unpleasant taste and protect the tablet from the atmosphere, or enteric coated for selective disintegration in the gastrointestinal tract.
Liquid dosage forms for oral ~lmini~tration can contain ~ 30 coloring and flavoring to increase patient acceptance.
In general, water, a suitable oil, saline, aqueous dextrose (glucose), and related sugar solutions and glycols such as propylene glycol or polyethylene gycols are suitable carriers for parenteral solutions. Solutions for parenteral administration preferably contain a water soluble salt of the active ingredient, suitable stabilizing agents, and if necessary, buffer substances. Antioxidizing agents such as sodium bisulfite, sodium sulfite, or ascorbic acid, either alone or combined, are suitable stabilizing agents. Also used are citric acid and its salts and sodium EDTA. In addition, parenteral solutions can contain preservatives, such as benzalkonium chloride, methyl- or propylparaben, and chlorobutanol.
Suitable pharmaceutical carriers are described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, A. Osol, a standard reference text in this field.
For a~lmini~tration by inh~l~tion, the compounds of the present invention may be conveniently delivered in the form of an aerosol spray presentation from pressurized packs or nebulisers. The compounds may also be delivered as powders which may be form~ ted and the powder composition may be inhaled with the aid of an insufflation powder inhaler device. The preferred delivery system for inh~l~tion is a metered dose inhalation (MDI) aerosol, which may be forml~ ed as a suspension or solution of a compound of Formula I in suitable propellants, such as fluorocarbons or hydrocarbons.
For ocular aflministration, an ophthalrnic preparation may be fo~nulated with an appropriate weight percent solution or suspension of the compounds of Formula I in an appropriate ophth~lmic vehicle, such that the compound is m~int~ined in contact with the ocular surface for a sufficient time period to allow the compound to penetrate the corneal and internal regions of the eye.
Useful pharmaceutical dosage-forms for ~lmini~tration of the compounds of this invention can be illustrated as follows:
C~APSULES
A large number of unit capsules are prepared by filling standard two-piece hard gelatin capsules each with l00 milligrams of powdered active ingredient, 150 milligrams of lactose, 50 milligrams of cellulose, and 6 milligrams magnesium stearate.

W O 97/16438 PCTrUS96/17481 SOFT GELATIN CAPSULES
A mixture of active ingredient in a digestible oil such as soybean oil, cottonseed oil or olive oil is prepared and injected by means 5 of a positive displacement pump into gelatin to form soft gelatin capsules cont~ining 100 milligrams of the active ingredient. The capsules are washed and dried.
TABLETS
A large number of tablets are prepared by conventional procedures so that the dosage unit is 100 milligrams of active ingredient, 0.2 milligrams of colloidal silicon dioxide, 5 milligrams of magnesium stearate, 275 milligrams of microcrystalline cellulose, 11 15 milligrams of starch and 98.8 milligrams of lactose. Appropriate coatings may be applied to increase palatability or delay absorption.
INJECTABLE
A parenteral composition suitable for ~imini~tration by injection is prepared by stirring 1.5% by weight of active ingredient in 10% by volume propylene glycol. The solution is made to volume with water for injection and sterilized.
SUSPENSION
An aqueous suspension is prepared for oral administration so that each 5 milliliters contain 100 milligrams of finely divided active ingredient, 100 milligrams of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 5 30 milligrams of sodium benzoate, 1.0 grams of sorbitol solution, U.S.P., and 0.025 milliliters of vanillin.
The same dosage forms can generally be used when the compounds of this invention are ~(lmini~tered stepwise or in conjunction with another therapeutic agent. When drugs are atlmini~tered in 35 physical combination, the dosage form and aflmini~tration route should be selected depending on the compatibility of the combined drugs. Thus the term co~lmini~tration is understood to include ~e ~lmini~tration of the two agents concomi~ntly or sequentially, or alternatively as a fixed dose combination of the two active components.
The following examples illustrate the preparation of the 5 compounds of FoImula I and as such are not to be considered as limiting the invention set forth in the claims appended hereto.

10 A Method Of Extracting The Compounds Of Formula 1 (a) and 1 (b) From Spachea correa H H
H~,.,H'3[~H
b~ C H3/~o Formula 1 (a) b is a single H r H ~"~ bond and R is OAc o~iCH3~ CH~OAc Formula l(b) b is a double ~Ac C bond and R is OAc One gram of an ethanol extract of the roots of Spachea correa was partitioned between 100 ml of hexane (twice) and 100 ml of 90% aqueous methanol. After separation of the phases, the defatted methanol was concentrated down under vacuum to give an aqueous suspension. This was diluted out to 100 ml with water and extracted, with 100 ml of methylene chloride.
The bioactive methylene chloride extract was dried down to give 12 mg of residue. This was first fractionated by preparative thin Iayer chromatography (TLC) on a 20 cm by 20 cm E. Merck silica gel 60F254 plate of lmm thickness using methylene chloride-ethyl acetate 1:1 (v/v) as solvent, then by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a Zorbax RxC~ 4.6 mm x 25 cm column, operated at 50~C and eluted with a 50 minute gradient of acetonitrile:water (1:1, CA 02236l7l l998-04-28 W O 97/16438 PCTrUS96/17481 -v/v) to 100% acetonitrile, delivered at 1 ml/min, to afford 4 mg of compound 1 (a) and 1 mg of 1 (b).
Homogeneity of the preparations was ascertained in several TLC systems, such as E. Merck silica gel 60F254, methylene chloride-ethyl acetate 1:1, Rf l(a) 0.4, Rf l(b) 0.3; V~ n KClg, methanol-water 9:1, Rf l(a) 0.65, Rf l(b) 0.75 and by HPLC using a Zorbax RxC~ column, acetonitrile-water 3:2, k' l(a) 4.15, k' l(b) 3.30; and by NMR.
Mass spectra were recorded on JEOL SX-102A (electron impact, EI,903V) and JEOL HX110 (Fast Atom Bombardment, FAB) mass spectrometers. Exact mass measurements were performed at high resolution (HR-EI) using perfluorokerosene (PFK) as the internal standard. Trimethylsilyl derivatives were prepared with a 1:1 mixture of BSTFA-pyridine at room temperature The FAB spectrum was run in a matrix of dithiothreitol dithioerthritol (20/80).
The compound of Formula l(a) runs underivatized by EI.
The molecular ion is observed a m/z 788 and three successive loses of acetic acid are observed. The base peak is observed a m/z 334. The compound does not silylate. Sc~nnin~ HR-EI indicated a molecular formula of C40H52016. A table of the critical HR-EI data is given below.

Observed m/z Formula Assignment 788.3220 C40H52016 M+
728.3040 C3gH4gO14 M-acetic acid 668.2834 C36H44012 M-2 x acetic acid 334.1417 C18H2206 base peak 13C NMR spectra were recorded for the compound of Formula l(a) in CD2C12 at 100 MHz on a Varian Unity 400 NMR
spectrometer at 20~C. Chemical shifts are given in ppm relative to tetramethylsilane (TMS) at zero ppm using the solvent peak at 53.8 ppm as internal standard. The following data were observed: 15.0, 15..2, 16.8, 17.1, 20.7*, 20.9, 21.1, 21.6, 21.8, 22.2, 35.6, 40.8*, 42.1, 43.6, W O 97/16438 PCT~US96/17481 -45.1, 47.5, 49.3*, 53.5, 59.1, 62.6, 63.5, 66.1, 66.7*, 68.4*, 69.9, 73.9, 75.0, 75.6, 77.1*, 119.4, 123.7, 138.9, 143.0, 167.7, 169.2, 169.3*, 170.25, 170.31, 170.8, 171.3 ppm (where the * signifies the observation as broad resonances). The carbon count of 40 is in agreement with the 5 molecular formula C4oH52ol6 derived by sc~nning HR EI-MS.
The lH NMR spectra of compound of Formula(a) is provided as Fi~ure 1. The spectra was recorded at 400 MHz in CD~CI
on a Varian Unity 400 NMR spectrometer at 25~C. Chemical shifts are in ppm relative to TMS at zero ppm using the solvent peak at ~5.32 as 10 the internal standard.
The mass spectra of the compound of Formula l(b) was obtained as above. The following results were obtained.

Observed m/z Formula Assi~nment 786.3075 C40H50016 M+
726.2886 C3gH46014 M-acetic acid 666.2651 C36H42012 M-2 x acetic acid 606.2451 C34H38010 M-3 x acetic acid 489.2099 C26H33Og base peak 471.1992 C26H3 1 O8 1 3C NMR spectra were recorded for the compound of Formulal(b) using the procedure described above. The following results were observed: 14.8, 14.9, 17.3, 20.8, 20.9, 21.3, 21.7, 21.~, 2s 21.9, 27.1, 35.1, 40.6, 42.3, 45.4, 48.1, 50.4, 53.5, 54.1, 57.8, 63.7, 66.2, 67.8, 68.6, 71.4, 73.3, 73.8, 74.4, 1 19.5, 121.1, 124.3, 137.1, 138.9, 143.3, 167.6, 168.6, 169.3, 169.5, 169.9, 171.0, 171.7 ppm.
The carbon count of 40 is in agreement with the molecular formula C40H50O16 derived by SC~nnin~ HR EI-MS.

W O 97/16438 PCT~US96/17481-A Method Of Extracting The Compounds Of Formula l(c) And l(d) From Spachea Correa H H
~"" ~ H
b CH~o Formula l(c) b is a single H ~" bond and R is OH
~HI~ OH COOCH3 O~ CH3rCH~OAc Formula l(d? b is a double CH~AC OAc bond and R lS OH
OR
Analogs of the compounds of Formula l(a) and 1 (b) could be detected in the crude extract and fractions thereof when the process of Example 1 was carried out on a larger scale. Thus, 50 g of ethanol extract were partitioned as described in Example 1 using 900 ml of each solvent at each step.
Partial purification of the methylene chloride extract was achieved by column chromatography on E. Merck silica gel 60 (120 ml), eluting with a step gradient of ethyl acetate in methylene chloride.
The step gradient was designed so that the column was washed first with 100 ~o methylene chloride and then with methylene chloride- ethyl acetate mixtures of 9:1, 8:2, 3:2, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 2:8 and 1:9. Ultimately the column was washed with 100% ethyl acetate. Fractions eluted with methylene chloride-ethyl acetate 3:2 were enriched in compound of Formula l(a) and l(b). These were resolved by HPLC using a Zorbax RxC~$ 9 mm x 25 cm column, m~int~ined at 50~C and eluted at 4 ml/min with acetonitrile-water 1:1 v/v. Three identical runs finally afforded 100 mg and 20 mg respectively of l(a) and l(b) after crystallization from methanol. Later-eluting fractions from the silica gel column above were found to contain at least two related compounds based on UV spectra and color reactions on TLC plates. Material from the methylene chloride-ethyl actate 1:1 and 1:2 w~hin~ were combined and evaporated down. Separation was achieved on the same HPLC
column as above, eluting with a 50 minute gradient of 30% to 50%
acetonitrile in water. Two identical runs gave 6 mg of purified 5 compound 1 (c). Fractions cont~ining the compound of Formula 1 (d) were again processed by HPLC (same column) using acetonitrile-water ~:7 delivered i~ocratically to vield 2 mg of purifie~l Fc-rrrlllla ~
The mass spectra of these compounds were recorded on a Finnigan TSQ700 mass spectrometer (electrospray ionization, ESI).
10 The samples were analyzed by LC/MS using a 2.1xlSOmrn C8 column at 0.2ml/min. with a mobile phase of 45% acetonitrile/O.OlM aqueous ammonium acetate at 50~C. Component 1 (d) had a retention time of 10.5 min. and a molecular weight of 744 which is observed a mlz: 745 (M+H), 762 (M+NH3), 786 (M + H + MeCN). Component 1 (c) has a retention time of 11.8 and a molecular weight of 746 which is observed at m/z: 747 (M+H), 764 (M+NH3) and 7~8 (M + H + MeCN).
The 13C NMR spectra obtained for ~e compound of Formula l(c) using the conditions previously described is as follows:
15.1 (2x), 16.9, 19.8, 20.8, 20.91, 20.94, 21.9, 22.3, 35.6, 40.6, 42.2, 20 43.9, 45.0, 47.7, 50.8, 53.5, 55.6, 61.8, 63.5, 66.0, 67.6 (2x), 69.8, 70.0, 73.9, 75.0, 75.6, 119.3, 123.7, 139.0, 144.4, 167.8, 169.2, 169.5, 170.1, 170.4, 171.4 ppm.
The carbon count of 38 is in agreement with the molecular formula C3gH50ol6 derived by sc~nning HR EI-MS.

Separation By HPLC
Compounds of this invention were characterized by the following behavior during HPLC separation on a Zorbax RxCg 4.6 mm x 25 cm column, m~int~ined at 50~C and eluted at 1 ml/min with acetonitrile-water 3:2 v/v):
Compound l(a): k' = 4.15; l(b): k'=3.30; l(c): k'=2.30; l(d): k'=2.10.

W O 97/16438 PCTrUS96/17481-Analyses using this HPLC system can be used to quantify the compounds in the crude extract or other mixtures, by comparing the absorbance of HPLC peaks at a wavelength of 220 nm with that produced by injections of known (weighed) amounts of pure standards.
s Additional Purification Procedure A simplified purification process allows for rapid fraction-ation of even larger amounts of crude extract and the preparation of grarn amounts of the compounds of Formula l(a) and l(b).
The ethanol extract is first dissolved at 20 grams per 150 ml in methanol. This solution is diluted with 150 ml of water and lS then extracted three times with methylene chloride using 150 ml of methylene chloride each time. The pooled methylene chloride extracts are evaporated down and fractionation proceeds by repeated column chromatography on silica gel. One employs methylene chloride-methanol 97:3 in a first step; the mixed compounds of Formula l(a) and 20 l(b) thus obtained are resolved by chromatographing on fresh silica gel eluted with methylene chloride-ethyl acetate 3:1. Volume of elution for the compound of Formula l(a) ranges from about 2 to about 3.5 column volumes of solvent; that for the compound of Formula l(b) is about 3 to about 4.5 column volumes. Finally, advantage is taken of the low 2s solubility of these compounds, and, after total resolution by chromatography, the compounds of Formula 1 (a) and 1 (b) can be precipitated and or crystallized from concentrated methanol solutions.

W O 97/16438 PCTnUS96/17481 -4,6,7,15,16-Pentakis(acetyloxy)- 18-hydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl-[6O~,7OC,15~13,16,B]D:A-Friedo-A-homo-27,30-dinor-24-oxaoleana- 1, 20(29)~21 -trien-3 -one Il H ~¦CCO2C H3 o f \~ ~OAc O ---'OAc OAc AcO ~

A solution of 233 mg (0.56 mmole) of tungsten hexachloride in 8 mL of dry tetrahydrofuran was cooled to -78~C under nitrogen. Then 0.70 mL (1.12 mmole) of 1.6 M butyllithium was added and the solution was allowed to warm to room temperature over 30 min. Then a solution of 111 mg (0.141 mmole) of 4,6,7,15,16-pentakis(acetyloxy)-21,22-epoxy- 18-hydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl-[6a,7Oc,15~3,1613,21,13,22~]D:A-Friedo-A-horno-27,30-dinor-24-oxaoleana-1,20(29)-dien-3-one in 2 mL of dry tetrahydrofuran was added and the solution was heated under nitrogen at 55~C for 14 h. The mixture was applied to a 10 cm column of silica gel, which was washed with 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane. The eluate was concentrated and purified by silica gel chromatography with 2:1 ethyl acetate-hexane to afford 95 mg (88%) of the title compound as a white solid; lH NMR (CDC13) 7.10 (s, lH, C21-H); Mass Spectrum (APCI) 790 (M+NH4).

W O 97/16438 PCTrUS96/17481 -4-(2-Bromobenzoyl)oxy-6,7,15,16-tetrakis(acetyloxy)- 18-hydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl[6a,70c,15~,16,13]D:A-Friedo-A-homo-27,30-dinor-24-oxaoleana- 1.20(29) .21 -trien-3 -one D~

H ~CO2C H3 o ~OAc 0 ~", OAc Br o~\oAc ~0 Step A: 6,7,15,16-Tetrakis(acetyloxy)-21,22-epoxy-4, 18-dihydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl -[6a,7Oc,15~,16,13,21 ~,22,13]D:A-Friedo-A-homo-27.30-dinor-24-oxaoleana- 1.20(29)-dien-3-one J~
~0 H ~ CO2C H3 o -- ~--OAc O~ OAc H O~ ~OAc A solution of 102.1 mg (0.130 mmole) of 4,6,7,15,16-pentakis(acetyloxy)-21,22-epoxy- 18-hydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl-W O 97/16438 PCT~US96/17481 [6a,7~c,15,B,16,13,2113,22,B]D:A-Friedo-A-homo-27,30-dinor-24-oxaoleana-1,20(29)-dien-3-one in 4 mL of tetrahydrofuran and 2 mL of 3M aqueous HCI was heated at 40~C for 24h. The solution was diluted with dichloromethane and the layers were separated. The organic layer 5 was washed with 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7), then was dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chro~to~raphv with 2: 1 ethyl ~cetate-hexane to afford 44~9 mg ~f ~he title compound as a white solid (46%); lH NMR (CDC13) ~ 4.20 (q, lH, J = 4.3 Hz, C4-H); Mass Spectrum (APCI): m/e 764 (M+NH4).
Step B: 4-(2-Bromobenzoyl)oxy-6,7,15,16-tetrakis(acetyloxy)-21,22-epoxy- 18-hydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl-[6a,7a,15~,16~,21,B,2213]D:A-Friedo-A-homo-27,30-dinor-24-oxaoleana- 1 ~20(29)-dien-3-one H ~C~~2c H3 0=,( ¦ 1 OAc O ~", OAc Br o~\OAC
¢~'~

To a solution of 17.5 mg (23.5 ,umole) of 6,7,15,16-tetrakis(acetyloxy)-21,22-epoxy-4,1 g-dihydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl-2() [6a,7a,15,B,16,13,2113,22,B]D:A-Friedo-A-homo-27,30-dinor-24-oxaoleana-1,20(29)-dien-3-one in 0.5 mL pyridine was added 27.~ mL
(237 ,umole) of benzoyl chloride. The solution was stirred at room temperature for 4 h, then was concentrated under reduced pressure.

W O 97/16438 PCTrUS96/17481 -The residue was first filtered through a plug of silica gel and then purified by HPLC (Waters RCM, ~ Porosil, 10 mm X 10 cm) using a mixture of 9.6:6 (5:4: 1 hexane-methyl tert-butyl ether-acetonitrile:hexane) to afford 17.3 mg (88%) of the title compound as a s white solid; lH NMR ~ 5.67 (lH, C4-H), 7.40-7.43 (m, 2H), 7.72 (dd, lH, J = 2.2, 6.9 Hz), 7.78 (dd, lH, J = 2.3, 6.9 Hz); Mass Spectrum (APCI): m/e 946~ 94~ (79Br-M+NH4, 81Br-M+NH4).

Step C: 4-(2-Bromobenzoyl)oxy-6,7,15,16-tetrakis(acetyloxy)- 18-hydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl-[6a,7Oc,15,13,16,1~]D:A-Friedo-A-homo-27,30-dinor-24-oxaoleana- 1,20(29),21 -trien-3-one H /--~CC~2CH3 of \~Ac Br o~\oAc ~0 A solution of 218 mg (0.55 mmole) of tungsten hexachloride in 8 mL of dry tetrahydrofuran was cooled to -78~C under nitrogen. Then 0.69 mL (1.10 mmole) of 1.6M butyllithium was added and the solution was allowed to warm to room temperature over 30 min. Then a solution of 50.2 mg (0.141 mmole) of 4-(2-bromobenzoyloxy)-6,7,15,16-tetrakis(acetyloxy)-21,22-epoxy- 18-hydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl-[6(x,7cc,15,13,1613,21 ~13,22,(~]D:A-Friedo-A-homo-27,30-dinor-24-oxaoleana-1,20(29)-dien-3-one in 2 mL of dry tetrahydrofuran was added and the solution was heated under nitrogen at 55~C for 14 h. The mixture was washed with 2.5 MNaOH and brine, then was dried over MgSO4. The filtrate was purified by HPLC
(Waters RCM, ,u Porosil, 25mm x 10cm) using a 8.9:4 mixture of (5:4:1 hexane:methyl tert-butyl ether:acetonitrile):hexane to afford 31.3 5 mg (64%) of the title compound as a white solid; lH NMR (CDC13) ~
5.67 (lH, C4-H), 7.10 (s, lH, C21-H), 7.40-7.43 (m, 2H), 7.72 (dd, lH, J = 2.2. 6.9 Hz), 7.78 (dd, lH, J = 2.3, 6.9 Hz); Mas.s ~pectn~m (APCJ) m/e 930, 932 (79Br-M+NH4, 81Br-M+NH4).

4,6,7,15,16-Pentakis(acetyloxy)-21,22-epoxy- 18-hydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl[6a,7a,1513,1613]D:A-Friedo-A-homo-27,30-dinor-24-oxaoleana- 1.20(29).21 -triene H /~CO2CH3 ~ OAc o~J " OAc ,~OAc AcO

Step A: 4,6,7,15,16-Pentakis(acetyloxy)-21,22-epoxy- 18-hydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl[6a,70c, l 5,B,16,B,21,(3,2213]D:A-Friedo-A-homo-27.30-dinor-24-oxaoleana- 1.20(29)-dien-3-ol W O 97/16438 PCTrUS96/17481 -H ~'--~CO02CH3 H O

,~OAc AcO
A solution of 3.0 g (3.8 mmole) of 4,6,7,15,16-pentakis(acetyloxy)-21,22-epoxy- 18-hydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl-[60c,70c,15,13,16,(~,21,B,22l3]D:A-Friedo-A-homo-27,30-dinor-24-s oxaoleana-1,20(29)-dien-3-one in 20 mL of dry dichloromethane was cooled to 0~C under nitrogen. Then 9 mL of a lM solution of lithium tri-(tert-butoxy)alllminllm hydride was added dropwise and the solution was stirred at 0~C. After 18 h, the reaction was quenched by dropwise addition of 20 mL of 2M aqueous H2SO4 and the mixture was diluted with 200 mL of ether. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was washed with two 100 mL portions of ether. The organic layers were sequentially washed with 20 mL of 2M aqueous H2SO4 and brine, then were combined, dried over MgSO4, and concentrated to afford 2.9 g (99%) of the title compound, which was used directly in the next step.

CA 02236l7l l998-04-28 W O 97/16438 PCT~US96/17481-Step B: 4,6,7,15,16-Pentakis(acetyloxy)-21,22-epoxy- 18-hydroxy-22-methoxycarbonylL60~,7(x,15,13,16l3,21~,22l3]D:A-Friedo-A-homo-2730-dinor-24-oxaoleana- 1 ~20(29)-diene ~0 H O~ CO2CH3 --OAc O~ OAc , ~OAc AcO
A sample of 2.9 g of crude 4,6,7,15,16-pentakis(acetyloxy)-21,22-epoxy- 18-hydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl-[60c,7a,15,13,16l3,21,B,22,B]D:A-Friedo-A-homo-27,30-dinor-24-oxaoleana-1,20(29)-dien-3-ol was dissolved in 10 rnL of dry dichloromethane under nitrogen. To this was added 10 mL of triethylsilane, and the solution was stirred at room temperature for 10 min. Then 2 mL (20 mmole) of boron trifluoride etherate was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 min. The 15 reaction was quenched by addition of 10 mL of saturated aqueous KHCO3 solution and the resulting mixture was partitioned between ether and water. The water layer was washed with ether and the organic extracts were washed with brine, then were combined, dried over MgSO4, and concentrated. The residue was purified by 20 chromatography on silica gel using 30% ethyl acetate-hexane to afford 2.13 g (72%) of the title compound as a white solid; lH NMR (CDC13) ~ 4.14, 4.34 (dd, AB, 2H, J = 12 Hz, C3-H); Mass Spectrum (APCI) m/e 792 (M+NH4).

~ Step C: 4,6,7,15,16-Pentakis(acetyloxy)- 18-hydroxy-22-methoxy-carbonyl[60~,70c,15,1~,16~]D:A-Friedo-A-homo-27,30-dinor-24-oxaoleana- 1 ~20(29)~21 -triene H ~--i~Co2cH3 f \~OAc O~ OAc ,~OAc AcO
A solution of 119 mg (0.300 mmole) of tungsten hexachloride in 4 mL of dry tetrahydrofuran was cooled to -78~C under nitrogen. Then 0.38 mL (0.61 mmole) of 1.6M butyllithium was added 10 and the solution was allowed to warm to room temperature over 30 min. A solution of 34.6 mg (0.045 mmole) of 4,6,7,15,16-pentakis(acetyloxy)-21,22-epoxy- 18-hydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl-[60c,70~,15,1~,16,13,21,13,22~]D:A-Friedo-A-homo-27,30-dinor-24-oxaoleana- l ,20(29)-diene 1n 2 mL of dry tetrahydrofuran was added 15 and the solution was heated under nitrogen at 50~C for 14 h. The mixture was diluted with 20 mL ether, and the mixture was washed with 2.5 M NaOH and brine, dried over MgSO4, and concentrated. The residue was purified by HPLC (Waters RCM, ,u Porosil, 25mm x 10cm) using a 6.75:7.0 mixture of (5:4:1 hexane:methyl tert-butyl 20 ether:acetonitrile):hexane to to afford 27 mg (80%) of the title - compound as a white solid; lH NMR (CDC13) o (s, lH, C21-H); Mass Spectrum (APCI) 776 (M+NH4).

W O 97/16438 PCT~US96/17481-4,6,7,15,16-Pentakis(acetyloxy)-21,22-epoxy- 18-hydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl[6a,7(x,1513,1613,21,13,2213]D:A-Friedo-A-homo-27,30-s dinor-24-oxaoleana-20(29)-en-3-one ~2C H3 As described in Scheme I, 4,5,6,15,16-pentakis(acetyloxy)-21,22-epoxy-18-hydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl[60c, 7(x, 15~(3, 16,13, 21~, 22,B]D:A-Freido-A-homo-27,30-dinor-24-oxaoleana-1,20(29)-diene-3-one, isolated from Spachea correa in liquid ammonia with lithium metal will result in the reduction of the Cl olefin group to produce the saturated lactone.

4,6,7,15,16-Pentakis(acetyloxy)- 18-hydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl-[60c,70c, l 5,E~,1613]D:A-Friedo-A-homo-27,30-dinor-24-oxaoleana-20(29)~21 -dien-3-one -CA 02236l7l l998-04-28 W O 97/16438 PCTrUS96/17481-Jl H ~CO2CH3 --OAe O~ OAe OAe AeO ~

A solution of 233 mg (0.56 mmole) of tungsten hexachloride in 8 mL of dry tetrahydrofuran is cooled to -78~C under s nitrogen. Then 0.70 mL (1.12 mmole) of 1.6M butyllithium was added and the solution is allowed to warm to room temperature over 30 min.
Then a solution of 111 mg (0.141 mmole) of 4,6,7,15,16-pentakis(acetyloxy)-21,22-epoxy- 18-hydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl[6cc,7O~,15,13,16~,2113,22,1~]D:A-Friedo-A-homo-27,30-dinor-24-oxaoleana-20(29)-en-3-one in 2 rnL of dry tetrahydrofuran is added and the solution is heated under nitrogen at 55~C for 14 h. The mixture is applied to a 10 cm column of silica gel, which is washed with 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane. The eluate is concentrated and purified by silica gel chromatography with 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane to produce the title compound.

4-(2-Bromobenzoyl)oxy-6,7,15,16-tetrakis(acetyloxy)- 18-hydroxy-22-21) methoxycarbonyl[6a,7Oc,1513,16,(3]D:A-Friedo-A-homo-27,30-dinor-24-oxaoleana-20(29).21 -dien-3-one W O 97/16438 PCT~US96/17481 -H ~CO2CH3 o~--~--OAc ~ ~"OAOAC
Br o~\oAc ~0 Step A: 6,7,15,16-Tetrakis(acetyloxy)-21,22-epoxy-4, 18-dihydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl[60c,7(x,15,B,16,13,21,13,22~3]-s D:A-Friedo-A-homo-27,30-dinor-24-oxaoleana-20(29)-en-3-one ~~
H ~ CO2C H3 0=~\~ ~OAc O~ OAc H o OAc A solution of 102.1 mg (0.130 mmole) of 4,6,7,1 ~,16-pentakis(acetyloxy)-21,22-epoxy- 18-hydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl-[6a,7a,15,13,16,3,21 ~,2213]D:A-Friedo-A-homo-27,30-dinor-24-oxaoleana-20(29)-en-3-one in 4 mL of tetrahydrofuran and 2 mL of 3M
aqueous HCl is heated at 40~C for 24h. The solution is diluted with dichloromethane and the layers are separated. The organic layer is 15 washed with 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 7), then is dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. The residue is purified by silica gel chromatography with 2:1 ethyl acetate-hexane to produce the title compound.

Step B: 4-(2-Bromobenzoyl)oxy-6,7,15,16-tetrakis(acetyloxy)-s 21,22-epoxy- 18-hydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl-[60c,70c,15,13,16,13,2113,22,13]D :A-Friedo-A-homo-27,30-clinor-24-ox~olean~ -20~29)-en-3-one H /--~CO2CH3 ~Ac Br o~\OAC
~0 To a solution of 17.5 mg (23.5 ~mole) of 6, 7, lS, 16-tetrakis(acetyloxy)-21,22-epoxy-4, 18-dihydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl-[6a,70c,15~,16l3,21~,22~]D:A-Friedo-A-homo-27,30-dinor-24-oxaoleana-20(29)-en-3-one in 0.5 mL pyridine is added 27.5 mL (237 15 ,umole) of benzoyl chloride. The solution is stirred at room temperature for 4 h, then is concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue is first filtered through a plug of silica gel and then purified by HPLC (Waters RCM, ,u Porosil, 10 mm X 10 cm) using a mixture of 9.6:6 (5:4:1 hexane-methyl tert-butyl ether-acetonitrile:hexane) to 20 produce the title compound.

W O 97/16438 PCTAUS96/17481 ~

Step C: 4-(2-Bromobenzoyl)oxy-6,7,15,16-tetrakis(acetyloxy)- 18-hydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl[6a,7Oc,151,~,16,~]D:A-Friedo-A-homo-27~30-dinor-24-oxaoleana-20(29).21 -dien-3-one H ~CO2C H3 O~ ~OAc O \~ " OAc Br o~\OAC

~

A solution of 218 mg (0.55 mrnole) of tungsten hexachloride in 8 mL of dry tetrahydrofuran is cooled to -78~C under nitrogen. Then 0.69 mL (1.10 mmole) of 1.6M butyllithium is added 0 and the solution is allowed to warm to room temperature over 30 min.
Then a solution of 50.2 mg (0.141 mmole) of 4-(2-bromobenzoyl)oxy-6,7,15,16-pentakis(acetyloxy)-21,22-epoxy- 18-hydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl-[6a,70c,15,B,16,13,21l3,22,B~D:A-Friedo-A-homo-27,30-dinor-24-oxaoleana-20(29)-en-3-one in 2 mL of dry tetrahydrofuran is 15 added and the solution is heated under nitrogen at 55~C for 14 h. The mixture is applied to a 10 cm column of silica gel, which is washed with 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane. The eluate is concentrated and purified by silica gel chromatography with 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane to produce the title compound.

Claims (19)

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A compound of structural Formula I:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, crystal form or hydrate, wherein:

X is: O, S, NH or H and R1;
a is: a single bond, or a double bond when R4 is absent;
b and c are independently: a single bond or a double bond;
n is: 1 to 4;
m is: 1 to 4;
r is: 0 or 1;
s is: 0 or 1;

R1 and R2 are independently:
a) H, or b) (C1-C6)-alkyl, wherein alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (C1-C6)-alkoxy, vinyl, cyano, oxo, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COC1-C6-alkyl, CO2C1-C6-alkyl, CONR1R2, NR1R2, NR1COC1-C6-alkyl, aryl, wherein aryl is defined as phenyl or naphthyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I. (C1-C6)-alkoxy. phenyl. phenoxy. cyano, nitro.
hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COC1-C6-alkyl, CO2C1-C6-alkyl, CONR1R2, NR1R2, NR1COC1-C6-alkyl and any two of adjacent substituents can be joined to form a 5-, 6- or 7-membered fused ring said ring containing 1 or 2 oxygen atoms and the remainder carbon atoms, heteroaryl, wherein heteroaryl is defined as a 5 or 6-membered ring substituted with one and two heteroatoms selected from O, S, N, unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (C1-C6)-alkoxy, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COC1-C6-alkyl, CO2C1-C6-alkyl, CONR1R2, NR1R2, NR1COC1-C6-alkyl, any two adjacent substituents can be joined to form a 5-, 6- or 7-membered fused ring said ring containing 1 or 2 oxygen atoms and the remainder carbon atoms, or any two adjacent substituents can be joined together to form a benzo-fused ring;

R3 is:
a) -(C1-C6)-alkyl, alkyl as defined above;
b) -(C1-C6)-alkenyl, wherein alkenyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (C1-C6)-alkoxy, cyano, oxo, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COC1-C6-alkyl, CO2C1-C6-alkyl, CONR1R2, NR1R2, NR1COC1-C6-alkyl, aryl as defined above, and heteroaryl as defined above;
c) -(C1-C6)-alkynyl, wherein alkynyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (C1-C6)-alkoxy, cyano, oxo, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COC1-C6-alkyl, CO2C1-C6-alkyl, CONR1R2, NR1R2, NR1COC1-C6-alkyl, aryl as defined above, and heteroaryl as defined above, d) -aryl, aryl as defined above, or e) -heteroaryl, heteroaryl as defined above;

R4 is:
a) absent and a is a double bond;
b) -H, c) -OH, d) =O, e) -O[(C=O)Or]sC1-C10-alkyl, alkyl as defined above, f) -O[(C=O)Or]sC2-C10-alkenyl, as defined above, g) -O[(C=O)Or]sC2-C6-alkynyl, alkynyl as defined above, h) -O[(C=O)Or]s(C3-c7)-cycloalkyl, i) -O[(C=O)Or]saryl, aryl as defined above, j) -O[(C=O)Or]sheteroaryl, heteroaryl as defined above, k) -O(CH2)nO(CH2)mheteroaryl, heteroaryl as defined above, 1) -O(CH2)nO(CH2)maryl, aryl as defined above, m) -OC(=O)NR1R2, n) -OSO2R3, or o) -NR1R2.

2. The compound of structural Formula I, as recited in Claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, crystal form or hydrate, wherein:
X is: O, S, or NH;
a is: a single bond;
b and c are independently: a single bond or a double bond;
n is: 1 to 4;
m is: 1 to 4;
r is: 0 or 1;
s is: 0 or 1;

R1 and R2 are independently:
a) H, or b) (C1-C6)-alkyl, wherein alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (C1-C6)-alkoxy, vinyl, cyano, oxo, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COC1-C6-alkyl, CO2C1-C6-alkyl, CONR1R2, NR1R2, NR1COC1-C6-alkyl, aryl, wherein aryl is defined as phenyl or naphthyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (C1-C6)-alkoxy, phenyl, phenoxy, cyano, nitro, hvdroxy, CHO. CO2H, COC1-C6-alkyl, CO2C1-C6-alkyl, CONR1R2, NR1R2, NR1COC1-C6-alkyl and any two of adjacent substituents can be joined to form a 5-, 6- or 7-membered fused ring said ring containing 1 or 2 oxygen atoms and the remainder carbon atoms, heteroaryl, wherein heteroaryl is defined as a 5 or 6-membered ring substituted with one and two heteroatoms selected from O, S, N, unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (C1-C6)-alkoxy, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COC1-C6-alkyl, CO2C1-C6-alkyl, CONR1R2, NR1R2, NR1COC1-C6-alkyl, any two adjacent substituents can be joined to form a 5-, 6- or 7-membered fused ring said ring containing; 1 or 2 oxygen atoms and the remainder carbon atoms, or any two adjacent substituents can be joined together to form a benzo-fused ring;

R3 is:
a) -(C1-C6)-alkyl, alkyl as defined above;
b) -(C1-C6)-alkenyl, wherein alkenyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (C1-C6)-alkoxy, cyano, oxo, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COC1-C6-alkyl, CO2C1-C6-alkyl, CONR1R2, NR1R2, NR1COC1-C6-alkyl, aryl as defined above, and heteroaryl as defined above;
c) -(C1-C6)-alkynyl, wherein alkynyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (C1-C6)-alkoxy, cyano, oxo, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COC1-C6-alkyl, CO2C1-C6-alkyl, CONR1R2, NR1R2, NR1COC1-C6-alkyl, aryl as defined above, and heteroaryl as defined above, d) -aryl, aryl as defined above, or e) -heteroaryl, heteroaryl as defined above;

R4 is:
a) absent and a is a double bond;
b) -H, c) -OH, d) =O, e) -O[(C=O)Or]sC1-C10-alkyl, alkyl as defined above, f) -O[(C=O)Or]sC2-C10-alkenyl, as defined above, g) -O[(C=O)Or]sC2-C6-alkynyl, alkynyl as defined above, h) -O[(C=O)Or]s(C3-C7)-cycloalkyl, i) -O[(C=O)Or]saryl, aryl as defined above, j) -O[(C=O)Or]sheteroaryl, heteroaryl as defined above, k) -O(CH2)nO(CH2)mheteroaryl, heteroaryl as defined above, I) -O(CH2)nO(CH2)maryl, aryl as defined above, m) -OC(=O)NR1R2, n) -OSO2R3, or o) -NR1R2.

3. The compound of structural Formula I, as recited in Claim 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, crystal form or hydrate, wherein:

X is: O;
a is: a single bond;
b and c are independently: a single bond or a double bond;
n is: 1 to 4;
m is: 1 to 4;
r is: 0 or 1;
s is: 0 or 1;

R1 and R2 are independently:
a) H, or b) (Cl-C6)-alkyl, wherein alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (C1-C6)-alkoxy, vinyl, cyano, oxo, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COC1-C6-alkyl, CO2C1-C6-alkyl, CONR1R2, NR1R2, NR1COC1-C6-alkyl, aryl, wherein aryl is defined as phenyl or naphthyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (C1-C6)-alkoxy, phenyl, phenoxy, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, CHO. CO2H, COC1-C6-alkyl, CO2C1-C6-alkyl, CONR1R2, NR1R2, NR1COC1-C6-alkyl and any two of adjacent substituents can be joined to form a 5-, 6- or 7-membered fused ring said ring containing 1 or 2 oxygen atoms and the remainder carbon atoms, heteroaryl, wherein heteroaryl is defined as a 5 or 6-membered ring substituted with one and two heteroatoms selected from O, S, N, unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (C1-C6)-alkoxy, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COC1-C6-alkyl, CO2C1-C6-alkyl, CONR1R2, NR1R2, NR1COC1-C6-alkyl, any two adjacent substituents can be joined to form a S-, 6- or 7-membered fused ring said ring containing 1 or 2 oxygen atoms and the remainder carbon atoms, or any two adjacent substituents can be joined together to form a benzo-fused ring;

R3 is:
a) -(C1-C6)-alkyl, alkyl as defined above, b) -aryl, aryl as defined above, or c) -heteroaryl, heteroaryl as defined above;

R4 is:
a) -O[(C=O)Or]sC1-C10-alkyl, alkyl as defined above, b) -O[(C=O)Or]s(C3-C7)-cycloalkyl, c) -O[(C=O)Or]saryl, aryl as defined above, d) -O[(C=O)Or]sheteroaryl, heteroaryl as defined above, e) -O(CH2)nO(CH2)mheteroaryl, heteroaryl as defined above, f) -O(CH2)nO(CH2)maryl, aryl as defined above, g) -OC(=O)NR1R2, or h) -OSO2R3.

4. The compound of structural Formula I, as recited in Claim 3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, crystal form or hydrate, wherein:

R4 is:
a) -O[(C=O)Or]saryl, wherein aryl is defined as phenyl or naphthyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (C1-C6)-alkoxy, phenyl, phenoxy, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COC1-C6-alkyl, CO2C1-C6-alkyl, CONR1R2, NR1R2, NR1COC1-C6-alkyl and any two of adjacent substituents can be joined to form a 5-, 6- or 7-membered fused ring said ring containing 1 or 2 oxygen atoms and the remainder carbon atoms, or b) -O[(C=O)Or]sheteroaryl, wherein heteroaryl is defined as a 5 or 6-membered ring substituted with one and two heteroatoms selected from O, S, N, unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (C1-C6)-alkoxy, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COC1-C6-alkyl, CO2C1-C6-alkyl, CONR1R2, NR1R2, NR1COC1-C6-alkyl, any two adjacent substituents can be joined to form a 5-,6- or 7-membered fused ring said ring containing 1 or 2 oxygen atoms and the remainder carbon atoms, or any two adjacent substituents can be joined together to form a benzo-fused ring.

5. The compound of structural Formula I, as recited in Claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, crystal form or hydrate, wherein:

X is: H and R1;
a is: a single bond;
b and c are independently: a single bond or a double bond;
n is: 1 to 4;
m is: 1 to 4;
r is: 0 or 1;
s is: 0 or 1;

R1 and R2 are independently:
a) H, or b) (C1-C6)-alkyl, wherein alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (C1-C6)-alkoxy, vinyl, cyano, oxo, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COC1-C6-alkyl, CO2C1-C6-alkyl, CONR1R2, NR1R2, NR1COC1-C6-alkyl, aryl, wherein aryl is defined as phenyl or naphthyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (C1-C6)-alkoxy, phenyl, phenoxy, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H. COC1-C6-alkyl, CO2C1-C6-alkyl, CONR1R2, NR1R2, NR1COC1-C6-alkyl and any two of adjacent substituents can be joined to form a 5-, 6- or 7-membered fused ring said ring containing 1 or 2 oxygen atoms and the remainder carbon atoms, heteroaryl, wherein heteroaryl is defined as a 5 or 6-membered ring substituted with one and two heteroatoms selected from O, S, N, unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (C1-C6)-alkoxy, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COC1-C6-alkyl, CO2C1-C6-alkyl, CONR1R2, NR1R2, NR1COC1-C6-alkyl, any two adjacent substituents can be joined to form a 5-, 6- or 7-membered fused ring said ring containing 1 or 2 oxygen atoms and the remainder carbon atoms, or any two adjacent substituents can be joined together to form a benzo-fused ring;

R3 is:
a) -(C1-C6)-alkyl, alkyl as defined above;
b) -(C1-C6)-alkenyl, wherein alkenyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (C1-C6)-alkoxy, cyano, oxo, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COC1-C6-alkyl, CO2C1-C6-alkyl, CONR1R2, NR1R2, NR1COC1-C6-alkyl, aryl as defined above, and heteroaryl as defined above;
c) -(C1-C6)-alkynyl, wherein alkynyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (C1-C6)-alkoxy, cyano, oxo, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COC1-C6-alkyl, CO2C1-C6-alkyl, CONR1R2, NR1R2, NR1COC1-C6-alkyl, aryl as defined above, and heteroaryl as defined above, d) -aryl, aryl as defined above, or e) -heteroaryl, heteroaryl as defined above;
R4 is:
a) absent and a is a double bond;
b) -H, c) -OH, d) =O, e) -O[(C=O)Or]sC1-C10-alkyl, alkyl as defined above, f) -O[(C=O)Or]sC2-C10-alkenyl, as defined above, g) -O[(C=O)Or]sC2-C6-alkynyl, alkynyl as defined above, h) -O[(C=O)Or]s(C3-C7)-cycloalkyl, i) -O[(C=O)Or]saryl, aryl as defined above, j) -O[(C=O)Or]sheteroaryl, heteroaryl as defined above, k) -O(CH2)nO(CH2)mheteroaryl, heteroaryl as defined above, 1) -O(CH2)nO(CH2)maryl, aryl as defined above, m) -OC(=O)NR1R2, n) -OSO2R3, or o) -NR1R2.

6. The compound of structural Formula I, as recited in Claim 5, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, crystal form or hydrate, wherein:

X is: H and R1;
a is: a single bond;
b and c are independently: a single bond or a double bond;
n is: 1 to 4;
m is: 1 to 4;
r is: 0 or 1;
s is: 0 or 1;

R1 and R2 are independently:
a) H, or b) (C1-C6)-alkyl, wherein alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (C1-C6)-alkoxy, vinyl, cyano, oxo, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COC1-C6-alkyl, CO2C1-C6-alkyl, CONR1R2, NR1R2, NR1COC1-C6-alkyl, aryl, wherein aryl is defined as phenyl or naphthyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (C1-C6)-alkoxy, phenyl, phenoxy, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COC1-C6-alkyl, CO2C1-C6-alkyl, CONR1R2, NR1R2, NR1COC1-C6-alkyl and any two of adjacent substituents can be joined to form a 5-, 6- or 7-membered fused ring said ring containing 1 or 2 oxygen atoms and the remainder carbon atoms, heteroaryl, wherein heteroaryl is defined as a 5 or 6-membered ring substituted with one and two heteroatoms selected from O, S, N, unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (C1-C6)-alkoxy, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COC1-C6-alkyl, CO2C1-C6-alkyl, CONR1R2, NR1R2, NR1COC1-C6-alkyl, any two adjacent substituents can be joined to form a 5-, 6- or 7-membered fused ring said ring containing 1 or 2 oxygen atoms and the remainder carbon atoms, or any two adjacent substituents can be joined together to form a benzo-fused ring;

R3 is:
a) -(C1-C6)-alkyl, alkyl as defined above;
b) -(C1-C6)-alkenyl, wherein alkenyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (C1-C6)-alkoxy, cyano, oxo, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COC1-C6-alkyl, CO2C1-C6-alkyl, CONR1R2, NR1R2, NR1COC1-C6-alkyl, aryl as defined above, and heteroaryl as defined above;
c) -(C1-C6)-alkynyl, wherein alkynyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group consisting of: Br, Cl, F, I, (C1-C6)-alkoxy, cyano, oxo, nitro, hydroxy, CHO, CO2H, COC1-C6-alkyl, CO2C1-C6-alkyl, CONR1R2, NR1R2, NR1COC1-C6-alkyl, aryl as defined above, and heteroaryl as defined above, d) -aryl, aryl as defined above, or e) -heteroaryl, heteroaryl as defined above;

R4 ic a) -OH, b) -O[(C=O)Or]sC1-C10-alkyl, alkyl as defined above, c) -O[(C=O)Or]s(C3-C7)-cycloalkyl, d) -O[(C=O)Or]saryl, aryl as defined above, e) -O[(C=O)Or]sheteroaryl, heteroaryl as defined above, f) -O(CH2)nO(CH2)mheteroaryl, heteroaryl as defined above, g) -O(CH2)nO(CH2)maryl, aryl as defined above, h) -OC(=O)NR1R2, or i) -OSO2R3,

7. A compound selected from the group consisting of:

4,6,7,15,16-pentakis(acetyloxy)-18-hydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl-[6.alpha.,7.alpha.,15.beta.,16.beta.]D:A-Friedo-A-homo-27,30-dinor-24-oxaoleana-1,20(29),21-trien-3-one;

4-(2-bromobenzoyl)oxy-6,7,15,16-tetrakis(acetyloxy)-18-hydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl[6.alpha.,7.alpha.,15.beta.,16.beta.]D:A-Friedo-A-homo-27,30-dinor-24-oxaoleana-1,20(29),21-trien-3-one;

4,6,7,15,16-pentakis(acetyloxy)-18-hydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl-[6.alpha.,7.alpha.,15.beta., 16.beta.]D:A-Friedo-A-homo-27,30-dinor-24-oxaoleana-1,20(29),21-triene;

4,6,7,15,16-pentakis(acetyloxy)-21,22-epoxy-18-hydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl[6.alpha.,7.alpha.,15.beta.,16.beta.,21.beta.,22,13]D:A-Friedo-A-homo-27,30-dinor-24-oxaoleana-20(29)-en-3-one;

4,6,7,15,16-pentakis(acetyloxy)-18-hydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl-[6.alpha.,7.alpha.,15.beta.,16.beta.]D:A-Friedo-A-homo-27,30-dinor-24-oxaoleana-20(29),21-dien-3-one;

4-(2-bromobenzoyl)oxy-6,7,15,16-tetrakis(acetyloxy)-18-hydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl[6.alpha.,7.alpha.,15.beta.,16.beta.]D:A-Friedo-A-homo-27,30-dinor-24-oxaoleana-20(29),21-dien-3-one:

6,7,15,16-tetrakis(acetyloxy)-21,22-epoxy-4,18-dihydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl[6.alpha.,7.alpha.,15.beta.,16.beta.,21.beta.,22.beta.]D:A-Friedo-A-homo-27,30-dinor-24-oxaoleana-20(29)-en-3-one; and 4-(2-bromobenzoyl)oxy-6,7,15,16-tetrakis(acetyloxy)-21,22-epoxy-18-hydroxy-22-methoxycarbonyl[6.alpha.,7.alpha.,15.beta.,16.beta.,21.beta.,22.beta.]D:A-Friedo-A-homo-27,30-dinor-24-oxaoleana-20(29)-en-3-one.

8. A method treating a condition in a mammal, the treatment of which is effected or facilitated by Kv 1.3 inhibition, comprising the administration, in an amount that is effective at inhibiting KV1.3, of a compound of Formula I.

9. The method of treating a condition in a mammal the treatment of which is effected or facilitated by Kv 1.3 inhibition, as recited in Claim 8, wherein the condition is selected from the group consisting of: resistance by transplantation of organs or tissue, graft-versus-host diseases brought about by medulla ossium transplantation;
rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, type I diabetes uveitis, juvenile-onset or recent-onset diabetes mellitus, posterior uveitis, allergic encephalomyelitis, glomerulonephritis, infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms, inflammatory and hyperproliferative skin diseases, psoriasis, atopical dermatitis, contact dermatitis, eczematous dermatitises, seborrhoeis dermatitis, Lichen planus, Pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, Epidermolysis bullosa, urticaria, angioedemas, vasculitides, erythemas, cutaneous eosinophilias, Lupus erythematosus, acne, Alopecia areata, keratoconjunctivitis, vernal conjunctivitis, uveitis associated with Behcet's disease, keratitis, herpetic keratitis, conical cornea, dystrophia epithelialis corneae, corneal leukoma, ocular pemphigus, Mooren's ulcer, Scleritis, Graves' opthalmopathy, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, sarcoidosis, etc.;
pollen allergies. reversible obstructive airway disease, bronchial asthma, allergic asthma, intrinsic asthma, extrinsic asthma and dust asthma, chronic or inveterate asthma, late asthma and airway hyper-responsiveness, bronchitis, gastric ulcers, vascular damage caused by ischemic diseases and thrombosis, ischemic bowel diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, necrotizing enterocolitis, intestinal lesions associated with thermal burns and leukotriene B4-mediated diseases, Coeliac diseases, proctitis, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, mastocytosis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, migraine, rhinitis, eczema, interstitial nephritis, Good-pasture's syndrome, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, diabetic nephropathy, multiple myositis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Meniere's disease, polyneuritis, multiple neuritis, mononeuritis, radiculopathy, hyperthyroidism, Basedow's disease, pure red cell aplasia, aplastic anemia, hypoplastic anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, agranulocytosis, pernicious anemia, megaloblastic anemia, anerythroplasia, osteoporosis, sarcoidosis, fibroid lung, idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, dermatomyositis, leukoderma vulgaris, ichthyosis vulgaris, photoallergic sensitivity, cutaneous T cell lymphoma, arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, aortitis syndrome, polyarteritis nodosa, myocardosis, scleroderma, Wegener's granuloma, Sjogren's syndrome, adiposis, eosinophilic fascitis, lesions of gingiva, periodontium, alveolar bone, substantia ossea dentis, glomerulonephritis, male pattern alopecia or alopecia senilis by preventing epilation or providing hair germination and/or promoting hair generation and hair growth; muscular dystrophy;
Pyoderma and Sezary's syndrome, Addison's disease, ischemia-reperfusion injury of organs which occurs upon preservation, transplantation or ischemic disease, for example, thrombosis and cardiac infraction, endotoxin-shock, pseudomembranous colitis, colitis caused by drug or radiation, ischemic acute renal insufficiency, chronic renal insufficiency, toxinosis caused by lung-oxygen or drug, for example, paracort and bleomycins), lung cancer, pulmonary emphysema, cataracta, siderosis, retinitis, pigmentosa, senile macular degeneration, vitreal scarring, corneal alkali bum; dermatitis erythema multiforme, linear IgA ballous dermatitis and cement dermatitis, gingivitis, periodontitis, sepsis, pancreatitis, diseases caused by environmental pollution, aging, carcinogenis, metastasis of carcinoma and hypobaropathy; disease caused by histamine or leukotriene-C4 release;
Behcet's disease, autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis sclerosing cholangitis), partial liver resection, acute liver necrosis, necrosis caused by toxin, viral hepatitis, shock, or anoxia, B-virus hepatitis, non-A/non-B hepatitis, cirrhosis, alcoholic cirrhosis, hepatic failure, fuminant hepatic failure, late-onset hepatic failure, "acute-on-chronic" liver failure, augmention of chemotherapeutic effect, preventing or treating activity of cytomegalovirus infection, HCMV
infection, and antiinflammatory activity; and treatment of immunodepression or a disorder involving immunodepression, including AIDS, cancer, senile dementia, trauma, chronic bacterial infection, and certain central nervous system disorders.

10. The method as recited in Claim 9, wherein the condition is an autoimmune disease.

11. A method of preventing or treating the resistance to transplantation or transplantation rejection of organs or tissues into a patient in need thereof, which comprises the administration of a compound of Claim 1.

12. A method of suppressing the immune system in a subject in need thereof, which comprises the administration to the subject of an immune suppressing amount of a compound of Formula I, as recited in Claim 1.

13. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of Formula I, as recited in Claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable crystal form or hydrate thereof.

14. The pharmaceutical formulation of Claim 13, comprising in addition, a second immunosuppressive agent comprises azathioprine, brequinar sodium, deoxyspergualin, mizaribine, mycophenolic acid morpholino ester, cyclosporin, FK-506 and rapamycin.

15. The method of Claim 12, comprising the coadministration of a second immunosuppressive agent.

16. A method of preventing or treating the resistance to transplantation or transplantation rejection of organs or tissues into a patient in need thereof, which comprises the administration of a compound of Claim 1.

17. A method of preventing or treating resistance by transplantation of organs or tissue, graft-versus-host diseases brought about by medulla ossium transplantation; rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, type I diabetes uveitis, juvenile-onset or recent-onset diabetes mellitus, posterior uveitis, allergic encephalomyelitis, glomerulonephritis, infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms, inflammatory and hyperproliferative skin diseases, psoriasis, atopical dermatitis, contact dermatitis, eczematous dermatitises, seborrhoeis dermatitis, Lichen planus, Pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, Epidermolysis bullosa, urticaria, angioedemas, vasculitides, erythemas, cutaneous eosinophilias, Lupus erythematosus, acne, Alopecia areata, keratoconjunctivitis, vernal conjunctivitis, uveitis associated with Behcet's disease, keratitis, herpetic keratitis, conical cornea, dystrophia epithelialis corneae, corneal leukoma, ocular pemphigus, Mooren's ulcer, Scleritis, Graves' opthalmopathy, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, sarcoidosis, etc.; pollen allergies, reversible obstructive airway disease, bronchial asthma, allergic asthma, intrinsic asthma, extrinsic asthma and dust asthma, chronic or inveterate asthma, late asthma and airway hyper-responsiveness, bronchitis, gastric ulcers, vasclllar damage caused by ischemic diseases and thromhosis, ischemic bowel diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, necrotizing enterocolitis, intestinal lesions associated with thermal burns and leukotriene B4-mediated diseases, Coeliac diseases, proctitis, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, mastocytosis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, migraine, rhinitis, eczema, interstitial nephritis, Good-pasture's syndrome, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, diabetic nephropathy, multiple myositis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Meniere's disease, polyneuritis, multiple neuritis, mononeuritis, radiculopathy, hyperthyroidism, Basedow's disease, pure red cell aplasia, aplastic anemia, hypoplastic anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, agranulocytosis, pernicious anemia, megaloblastic anemia, anerythroplasia, osteoporosis, sarcoidosis, fibroid lung, idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, dermatomyositis, leukoderma vulgaris, ichthyosis vulgaris, photoallergic sensitivity, cutaneous T cell lymphoma, arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, aortitis syndrome, polyarteritis nodosa, myocardosis, scleroderma, Wegener's granuloma, Sjogren's syndrome, adiposis, eosinophilic fascitis, lesions of gingiva, periodontium, alveolar bone, substantia ossea dentis, glomerulonephritis, male pattern alopecia or alopecia senilis by preventing epilation or providing hair germination and/or promoting hair generation and hair growth; muscular dystrophy;
Pyoderma and Sezary's syndrome, Addison's disease, ischemia-reperfusion injury of organs which occurs upon preservation, transplantation or ischemic disease, for example, thrombosis and cardiac infraction, endotoxin-.shock, pseudomembranous colitis, colitis caused by drug or radiation, ischemic acute renal insufficiency, chronic renal insufficiency, toxinosi,s caused by lung-oxygen or drug, for example, paracort and bleomycins), lung cancer, pulmonary emphysema, cataracta, siderosis, retinitis, pigmentosa, senile macular degeneration, vitreal scarring, corneal alkali bum; dermatitis erythema multiforme, linear IgA ballous dermatitis and cement dermatitis, gingivitis, periodontitis, sepsis, pancreatitis, diseases caused by environmental pollution, aging, carcinogenis, metastasis of carcinoma and hypobaropathy; disease caused by histamine or leukotriene-C4 release;
Behcet's disease. autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis sclerosing cholangitis), partial liver resection, acute liver necrosis, necrosis caused by toxin, viral hepatitis, shock, or anoxia, B-virus hepatitis, non-A/non-B hepatitis, cirrhosis, alcoholic cirrhosis, hepatic failure, fulminant hepatic failure, late-onset hepatic failure, "acute-on-chronic" liver failure, augmention of chemotherapeutic effect, preventing or treating activity of cytomegalovirus infection, HCMV
infection, and antiinflammatory activity; and treatment of immunodepression or a disorder involving immunodepression, including AIDS, cancer, senile dementia, trauma, chronic bacterial infection, and certain central nervous system disorders which comprises the administration of a compound of Claim 1.

18. A method of treating a condition in a mammal, the treatment of which is effected or facilitated by Kv 1.3 inhibition, comprising the administration of a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a pharmaceutical carrier and a compound of Formula I, in an amount that is effective at inhibiting Kv 1.3.

19. A method of treating a condition in a mammal, the treatment of which is effected or facilitated by Kv 1.3 inhibition, comprising the coadministration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, as recited in Claim 1, with a second immunosuppressive agent.