CA2226584A1 - Composite structural member with sheet metal flanges - Google Patents
Composite structural member with sheet metal flanges Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2226584A1 CA2226584A1 CA 2226584 CA2226584A CA2226584A1 CA 2226584 A1 CA2226584 A1 CA 2226584A1 CA 2226584 CA2226584 CA 2226584 CA 2226584 A CA2226584 A CA 2226584A CA 2226584 A1 CA2226584 A1 CA 2226584A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- web
- flange
- teeth
- sheet metal
- legs
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
- E04C3/291—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures with apertured web
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
- E04C3/292—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures the materials being wood and metal
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Floor Finish (AREA)
Abstract
A composite structural member suitable for use as a joist, beam, truss or column comprising wood, wood based or synthetic web and continuous steel flanges formed from sheet metal fastened to the web edges. The flanges are formed into a shape which provides confinement for the web, sufficient surface area for fastening flooring or other boarding and adequate surface area for integral or separate shear connectors. Web is either full with optional openings or truss-like and extends the entire length of the steel flanges.
Description
General Descri~~tioai:
This invention relates to the composite beam or joist c~prising a wood based web and a flange composed of a sheet metal fastened to at least one edge of they web.
Backc~rovmd.:
Prefabricated ;jioists are commonly used in wooden floors of houses or c~nnercial buildings. Majority of these joists' top and bottam flanges comprise wood or laminated veneer type of material. Other types of composite beams with metal flanges and wood based web are known in prior art.
The advantages of the cc~nposite joists and beams have been previously recognized. Nurtterous advantages of com~~osite joist or beam construction with steel flar~.ges and wood based web include (but are not limited to) higher strength., smaller deflections, use of smaller trees and a reduced amount of toxic materials used for its construction. However, there are serious drawbacks in prior art. None of the assemblies in the prior art, known to the :inventor of the present invention, has satisfied the combination of gall basic conditions for a viable product which include:
sufficient streazgth in not only bending and shear but also in bearing and a resistance to creep; all at the same time. It is imperative that a structural m~nb~er satisfies all structural requirements simultaneously.
The apparent difficulty in manufacturing of the composite beams with steel flanges h,as been another drawback of the prior art.
This invention relates to the composite beam or joist c~prising a wood based web and a flange composed of a sheet metal fastened to at least one edge of they web.
Backc~rovmd.:
Prefabricated ;jioists are commonly used in wooden floors of houses or c~nnercial buildings. Majority of these joists' top and bottam flanges comprise wood or laminated veneer type of material. Other types of composite beams with metal flanges and wood based web are known in prior art.
The advantages of the cc~nposite joists and beams have been previously recognized. Nurtterous advantages of com~~osite joist or beam construction with steel flar~.ges and wood based web include (but are not limited to) higher strength., smaller deflections, use of smaller trees and a reduced amount of toxic materials used for its construction. However, there are serious drawbacks in prior art. None of the assemblies in the prior art, known to the :inventor of the present invention, has satisfied the combination of gall basic conditions for a viable product which include:
sufficient streazgth in not only bending and shear but also in bearing and a resistance to creep; all at the same time. It is imperative that a structural m~nb~er satisfies all structural requirements simultaneously.
The apparent difficulty in manufacturing of the composite beams with steel flanges h,as been another drawback of the prior art.
The ob-iect of T:nventiaa~:
The object of this invention is to eliminate all the drawbacks mentioned and to provide a new complete product, easy to manufacture and which is capable of ~tmdergoing rigorous testing for structural safety requirements.
In this invention the c~posite m~nbers have flanges which are shaped in such a way as t:o provide confine~nt of the web to prevent web expanding under bearing :tresses. At the same time the steel flange has enough exposed surface area, perpendicular to the web to facilitate fastening of the f 1 oor oa- other boarding to the joists . Sides of the f 1 anges are provided with teeth which are forced into the web during fabrication.
One special feature of this invention is the location and orientation of the groups of ~~re-punched teeth. While any orientation of the teeth is acceptable for strength requirements one directional alignment will allow for a sp~::edy fabrication of the composite member. By running the assembled member through a set of rollers all the members' teeth can be pressed into the web through pre-punched holes in the metal in a continuous fashion. The said teeth are connectors which are an integral part of the flanges.
Where conditions require on-site assembly, manual pressing of the pre-punched teeth into the web may be necessary or separate shear connectors, whi~~h are introduced in this invention, can be used where the connectors' teeth are pressed into the web using hand tools. While the flanges ma~~ also be fastened to the web using only screws or nails this method is :not recommended since the slip between the two materials may not be pre~rented. Use of glue is not excluded but is not recommended for environmental reasons.
Another special feature of this invention is a fastening end clip which connects the t:wo flanges near the support of the member. This clip increases the member resistance to forces pulling the flanges apart.
Such a feature can be very useful in areas exposed to severe earthquakes or hurricanes.
Lrief description of the draw:i.ngs:
Other objects ~~nd features of the Invention and the Amendments will be apparent from i:.he following detailed description and from the drawings wherein.
Fig. 1 is ara isometric view of the favored ~nbodiment of the present invenaion with one possible flange shape (1) at the top and bottom edge of the web (2).
Fig. 2 a) is a cross-section of one possible shape of the flange of the ~nbodiment with a continuous stiffening edge (8) on each side of the flange.
b) is a cross-section of one other possible shape of the flange of the embodiment without the stiffening edge.
c) is a cross-section of one other possible shape of the flange of the embodiment with an additional stiffening lip (9).
Fig. 3 is a cross-section of the favored embodiment illustrating fastening of flooring (10) to the top flange and fastening of the bottorn flange to the support {25).
The object of this invention is to eliminate all the drawbacks mentioned and to provide a new complete product, easy to manufacture and which is capable of ~tmdergoing rigorous testing for structural safety requirements.
In this invention the c~posite m~nbers have flanges which are shaped in such a way as t:o provide confine~nt of the web to prevent web expanding under bearing :tresses. At the same time the steel flange has enough exposed surface area, perpendicular to the web to facilitate fastening of the f 1 oor oa- other boarding to the joists . Sides of the f 1 anges are provided with teeth which are forced into the web during fabrication.
One special feature of this invention is the location and orientation of the groups of ~~re-punched teeth. While any orientation of the teeth is acceptable for strength requirements one directional alignment will allow for a sp~::edy fabrication of the composite member. By running the assembled member through a set of rollers all the members' teeth can be pressed into the web through pre-punched holes in the metal in a continuous fashion. The said teeth are connectors which are an integral part of the flanges.
Where conditions require on-site assembly, manual pressing of the pre-punched teeth into the web may be necessary or separate shear connectors, whi~~h are introduced in this invention, can be used where the connectors' teeth are pressed into the web using hand tools. While the flanges ma~~ also be fastened to the web using only screws or nails this method is :not recommended since the slip between the two materials may not be pre~rented. Use of glue is not excluded but is not recommended for environmental reasons.
Another special feature of this invention is a fastening end clip which connects the t:wo flanges near the support of the member. This clip increases the member resistance to forces pulling the flanges apart.
Such a feature can be very useful in areas exposed to severe earthquakes or hurricanes.
Lrief description of the draw:i.ngs:
Other objects ~~nd features of the Invention and the Amendments will be apparent from i:.he following detailed description and from the drawings wherein.
Fig. 1 is ara isometric view of the favored ~nbodiment of the present invenaion with one possible flange shape (1) at the top and bottom edge of the web (2).
Fig. 2 a) is a cross-section of one possible shape of the flange of the ~nbodiment with a continuous stiffening edge (8) on each side of the flange.
b) is a cross-section of one other possible shape of the flange of the embodiment without the stiffening edge.
c) is a cross-section of one other possible shape of the flange of the embodiment with an additional stiffening lip (9).
Fig. 3 is a cross-section of the favored embodiment illustrating fastening of flooring (10) to the top flange and fastening of the bottorn flange to the support {25).
Fig. 4 is azu elevation of the favored embodiment with a full web, a header (13), a fastening end clip (Z4) above the support, a circular opening (26) in the web and a web splice connector (29).
Fig. 5 is ar.~ elevation of the favored embodiment with a truss-like web (23), an end block (24), a header (i3) and a fastening end clip (14) <~t the support.
F~.g. 6 is a plan view of the header (13), the web (2), the fastening end clip (14) at the support, and the web splice connector (29) of the favored embodiment.
Fi.g. 7 is an elevation of the favored ~nbodiment with a longer end clip (14) connecting the top and bottam flanges (1).
Fig. 8 is plan view of one fastening system of the favored embodiment with teeth (16). One set of teeth is already pressed into the web by the roller (18). Another set of teeth is in a position before being entered into the web.
Fig. 9 is a section through the flange of the favored embodiment with one possible separate connector (19) and a screw (21).
Fig. 10 is an elevation of the flange of the favored embodiment with oval holes (20) for the reception of separate connectors and round holes (27) for screws.
Fi.g. 11 a) is a plan view of the underside of one separate connector (30) wi t:h four teeth ( 28 ) .
b) is a plan view of the underside of one other separate co~anector (31) with four teeth (28).
c) is a cross-section of the separate connector (30) shown in Fi~~.ll a.
d) is a cross-section of the separate connector (31) shown in Fi~~.ll b.
Fig. 12 is are. elevation of the favored embodiment with a series of separate connectors (19) and the web splice connector (29) of the favor.=~d ~nbodiment Fi.g. 13 is a horizontal section through one flange of the favored ~nbodi.ment with an alternate arrangement of the separate conne~wtors (19).
I~eSCr7.T~tlOn Of ~I:he preferred embodiment:
The composite xneam illustrated in Fig. 1 ccmprises a top and a bottom flange (1) formed. from a thin gauge sheet metal in the shape resembling a double omega and a web (2) made from plywood or other suitable wood based or synthe~t:ic structural material.
The sheet metal can have a variety of gauges. The preferred thickness, while not limit~~~d to, is 22 gauge to 16 gauge (0.76 to 1.52 mn). The web may be continuous or may consist of sections installed in series tight one against ths:~ other. The preferred thickness of the web, while not limited to, is 3/8~ to 3/4~ (9 to 20 mn). The flanges may have holes punched in some locations (22). The web sections may either be connected mechanically using truss plates, glued at the joints or may be left unconnected deps~nding on the design rern~; re~nents. In some cases a hole can be cut in the web or even a gap may be left between the web panels to allow for pa:_ssage of pipes, conduits and the like.
The continuous flange in Fig. 2.a) is made by folding the sheet metal to create a component which can be fastened to the web (2). The sheet metal wraps around the edge of the web to create a socket ( 3 ) . The socket ( 3 ) provides a full confinement for the web. This confin~xr~ent strengthens the web's bearing resistance at supports. The socket consists of a socket base (4) and two parallel inner fins (5), one on each side of the web. The plate is then bent 180° to create outer fins (6} which are fabricated to be tight against the said inner fins. The plate then turns outward to cre~~.te horizontal wings (7), one on each side of the web to provide enough surface for fastening of flooring to the flange.
Stiffening edges (8) may be necessary to eliminate local buckling of the said wings. Where thicker gauges of sheet metal are used these stiffening edgels may be omitted, see Fig. 2b}. For thinner gauges an additional stiffening lip (9) may be required, see Fig. 2c). The socket base (4) may h~we holes (22) to evacuate water in case of water damage, see Fig. 1.
Once the joist;a, beams or other composite members are assembled they shall provide support for boarding (10), like floor plywood, see Fig. 3.
Such boarding ;=shall be fastened to the flanges by means of fasteners (11), like e.g. screws or nails. Similar fasteners {12) may be used to attach individual composite members to the support {25}. The flanges are fastened to they web with teeth (16) which are pre-punched in the flange outer fins and pass through holes (17) in the inner fins. The said holes in the inner fi.n may be slightly smaller than the said teeth to prevent the withdrawal of the teeth.
To ensure stab:i_lity of the described composite members at supports it may be necessary to provide headers (13) and attach them to the webs using web clip;: (14), see Fig. 4, Fig 5 and Fig 6. Web clips may be attached to the: webs using screws (15) and headers can then be attached to the web clip;>s using screws (11) as well. One hole (26) for condua.ts or plumbing and. the like is shown in the web. Where engineering design requires it then adjacent web boards may have to be connected. This may be done, for example, using truss plates which are readily available.
However, web splice connectors may be used (29) see Fig.4 and Fig. 6;
such connectors could be especially useful where connections are made on site see Fig.l2. In the case of trusses the web members (23) replace the board-like full webs, see Fig. S. At supports the said trusses have shear blocks (24) to transfer the shear and bearing forces into the supports (25).
The convenient arrangement of teeth (16) in flanges is shown in Fig. 8.
These teeth arE:~ pre-punched in the outer fins (6). The orientation of the teeth is ;preferably, but not exclusively, in one direction to facilitate manu.:facturing. The teeth can be pressed into the web using rollers (18) and the teeth can pass through holes (17) which are punched into the inner i=ins (5). As the rollers (18) pass along the sides of the flange the teeth are pressed consecutively into the web.
Where fabrication i.n a factory is impossible, the teeth may be pressed into the web u:_cing hand tools on the site. However, another method of attaching flanges to webs can be used. Separate shear connectors (19) may be used to pass through holes (20) in outer and inner fins and enhance the she<~r capacity of the screws (21) which can be used to hold the shear corvaectors in place, see Fig. 9. See Fig. 10 for the arrangement of said holes in the said flange. The shear connectors (19) can have two ox- more teeth. The preferred characteristics of the shear connector is a sheet metal plate which is bent into waves (30) and (31) to provide additional stiffness, see Fig. 11. The teeth would be punched out and be an .n.ntegral part of a sheet metal plate where the teeth and the plate shall be preferably curved to provide adequate stiffness necessary for teeth penetration into the web without plate or teeth bending or buckling, see Fig.9, Fig. 11 and Fig. l3. The shear connectors may al so be cor~.tinuous strips of metal with teeth al ong both edges . The teeth of shear connectors prevent slip between the sheet metal and the web by being fit tight in the holes and being firmly embedded in the web. The screws (21) may be used to enter the teeth of shear connectors into the web, o~r the connectors ma.y be first pressed in and then secured with e.g. screws. The screws pass through holes (27) in the inner and outer fins on both sides of the web, see Fig. 9 and Fig. 10. Ideally the screws are long enough that they grab the inner fin on the opposite side of the web befcvre the teeth of the shear connector start pressing into the web. The said separate shear connectors are installed preferably in an alternate mariner as shown in Fig. 12 and Fig. 13.
Fig. 5 is ar.~ elevation of the favored embodiment with a truss-like web (23), an end block (24), a header (i3) and a fastening end clip (14) <~t the support.
F~.g. 6 is a plan view of the header (13), the web (2), the fastening end clip (14) at the support, and the web splice connector (29) of the favored embodiment.
Fi.g. 7 is an elevation of the favored ~nbodiment with a longer end clip (14) connecting the top and bottam flanges (1).
Fig. 8 is plan view of one fastening system of the favored embodiment with teeth (16). One set of teeth is already pressed into the web by the roller (18). Another set of teeth is in a position before being entered into the web.
Fig. 9 is a section through the flange of the favored embodiment with one possible separate connector (19) and a screw (21).
Fig. 10 is an elevation of the flange of the favored embodiment with oval holes (20) for the reception of separate connectors and round holes (27) for screws.
Fi.g. 11 a) is a plan view of the underside of one separate connector (30) wi t:h four teeth ( 28 ) .
b) is a plan view of the underside of one other separate co~anector (31) with four teeth (28).
c) is a cross-section of the separate connector (30) shown in Fi~~.ll a.
d) is a cross-section of the separate connector (31) shown in Fi~~.ll b.
Fig. 12 is are. elevation of the favored embodiment with a series of separate connectors (19) and the web splice connector (29) of the favor.=~d ~nbodiment Fi.g. 13 is a horizontal section through one flange of the favored ~nbodi.ment with an alternate arrangement of the separate conne~wtors (19).
I~eSCr7.T~tlOn Of ~I:he preferred embodiment:
The composite xneam illustrated in Fig. 1 ccmprises a top and a bottom flange (1) formed. from a thin gauge sheet metal in the shape resembling a double omega and a web (2) made from plywood or other suitable wood based or synthe~t:ic structural material.
The sheet metal can have a variety of gauges. The preferred thickness, while not limit~~~d to, is 22 gauge to 16 gauge (0.76 to 1.52 mn). The web may be continuous or may consist of sections installed in series tight one against ths:~ other. The preferred thickness of the web, while not limited to, is 3/8~ to 3/4~ (9 to 20 mn). The flanges may have holes punched in some locations (22). The web sections may either be connected mechanically using truss plates, glued at the joints or may be left unconnected deps~nding on the design rern~; re~nents. In some cases a hole can be cut in the web or even a gap may be left between the web panels to allow for pa:_ssage of pipes, conduits and the like.
The continuous flange in Fig. 2.a) is made by folding the sheet metal to create a component which can be fastened to the web (2). The sheet metal wraps around the edge of the web to create a socket ( 3 ) . The socket ( 3 ) provides a full confinement for the web. This confin~xr~ent strengthens the web's bearing resistance at supports. The socket consists of a socket base (4) and two parallel inner fins (5), one on each side of the web. The plate is then bent 180° to create outer fins (6} which are fabricated to be tight against the said inner fins. The plate then turns outward to cre~~.te horizontal wings (7), one on each side of the web to provide enough surface for fastening of flooring to the flange.
Stiffening edges (8) may be necessary to eliminate local buckling of the said wings. Where thicker gauges of sheet metal are used these stiffening edgels may be omitted, see Fig. 2b}. For thinner gauges an additional stiffening lip (9) may be required, see Fig. 2c). The socket base (4) may h~we holes (22) to evacuate water in case of water damage, see Fig. 1.
Once the joist;a, beams or other composite members are assembled they shall provide support for boarding (10), like floor plywood, see Fig. 3.
Such boarding ;=shall be fastened to the flanges by means of fasteners (11), like e.g. screws or nails. Similar fasteners {12) may be used to attach individual composite members to the support {25}. The flanges are fastened to they web with teeth (16) which are pre-punched in the flange outer fins and pass through holes (17) in the inner fins. The said holes in the inner fi.n may be slightly smaller than the said teeth to prevent the withdrawal of the teeth.
To ensure stab:i_lity of the described composite members at supports it may be necessary to provide headers (13) and attach them to the webs using web clip;: (14), see Fig. 4, Fig 5 and Fig 6. Web clips may be attached to the: webs using screws (15) and headers can then be attached to the web clip;>s using screws (11) as well. One hole (26) for condua.ts or plumbing and. the like is shown in the web. Where engineering design requires it then adjacent web boards may have to be connected. This may be done, for example, using truss plates which are readily available.
However, web splice connectors may be used (29) see Fig.4 and Fig. 6;
such connectors could be especially useful where connections are made on site see Fig.l2. In the case of trusses the web members (23) replace the board-like full webs, see Fig. S. At supports the said trusses have shear blocks (24) to transfer the shear and bearing forces into the supports (25).
The convenient arrangement of teeth (16) in flanges is shown in Fig. 8.
These teeth arE:~ pre-punched in the outer fins (6). The orientation of the teeth is ;preferably, but not exclusively, in one direction to facilitate manu.:facturing. The teeth can be pressed into the web using rollers (18) and the teeth can pass through holes (17) which are punched into the inner i=ins (5). As the rollers (18) pass along the sides of the flange the teeth are pressed consecutively into the web.
Where fabrication i.n a factory is impossible, the teeth may be pressed into the web u:_cing hand tools on the site. However, another method of attaching flanges to webs can be used. Separate shear connectors (19) may be used to pass through holes (20) in outer and inner fins and enhance the she<~r capacity of the screws (21) which can be used to hold the shear corvaectors in place, see Fig. 9. See Fig. 10 for the arrangement of said holes in the said flange. The shear connectors (19) can have two ox- more teeth. The preferred characteristics of the shear connector is a sheet metal plate which is bent into waves (30) and (31) to provide additional stiffness, see Fig. 11. The teeth would be punched out and be an .n.ntegral part of a sheet metal plate where the teeth and the plate shall be preferably curved to provide adequate stiffness necessary for teeth penetration into the web without plate or teeth bending or buckling, see Fig.9, Fig. 11 and Fig. l3. The shear connectors may al so be cor~.tinuous strips of metal with teeth al ong both edges . The teeth of shear connectors prevent slip between the sheet metal and the web by being fit tight in the holes and being firmly embedded in the web. The screws (21) may be used to enter the teeth of shear connectors into the web, o~r the connectors ma.y be first pressed in and then secured with e.g. screws. The screws pass through holes (27) in the inner and outer fins on both sides of the web, see Fig. 9 and Fig. 10. Ideally the screws are long enough that they grab the inner fin on the opposite side of the web befcvre the teeth of the shear connector start pressing into the web. The said separate shear connectors are installed preferably in an alternate mariner as shown in Fig. 12 and Fig. 13.
Claims (10)
1) A composite joist, beam, truss or column comprising a wood based, synthetic full or truss-like web and a continuous double-T shaped sheet metal flange fastened to at least one edge of the said web, where the said flange having double legs with the inner legs of the said double legs being firmly placed against the opposite surfaces of the said web with an end part connecting the said inner legs being placed against the end surface of the said web and where a portion extends, from one or both of the outer legs of the said double legs, away from the said web.
2) A composite member as defined in claim 1, characterized in that the continuous end edge of the said portion extending from the said outer leg is stiffened with a portion extending from the said portion extending from the said outer leg.
3) A composite member as defined in claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the said flange has teeth, punched in one or both of the said outer legs, distributed along the length of the said flange, and one or both of the said inner legs having holes aligned with the said teeth through which the said teeth penetrate into the said web contributing to prevent slip between the flange and the web.
4) A composite member as defined in claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the said double legs have holes along the length of the said flange arranged to receive separate shear connectors.
5) Shear connectors with two or more teeth, where the said connectors are bent into stiffening waves and the said teeth penetrate through the holes in the said double legs into the web, and thereby connecting the said flange, described. in claim 1 and claim 2, to the said web, contributing to prevent slip between the flange and the web.
6) Shear connectors with two or more teeth where the said connectors are bent into stiffening waves and the said teeth penetrate through holes in the sheet metal into the wood or wood based material, contributing to prevent slip between the sheet metal and the wood or wood based material.
7) Shear connectors with teeth described in claim 5 or claim 6 characterized in that the sheet metal is flat.
8) A double-T shaped sheet metal flange described in claim 1 and/or claim 2 fastened to the end of the said web of the member described in claim 1, thereby contributing to the stability of the said web
9) A double-T shaped sheet metal flange described in claim 1 or claim 2 affixed to the ends of the said continuous flanges of the embodiment described in claim 1 or claim 2 a.nd thereby contributing to the member resistance to forces pulling the two said continuous flanges apart.
10) Sheet metal web splice connector fastened to adjacent boards of the web of the embodiment described in claim 1 or claim 2, where the said web splice connector is wrapped around one web board, turns back and wraps around the adjacent web board, contributing to prevent slip between the two adjacent web boards.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2226584 CA2226584A1 (en) | 1998-03-13 | 1998-03-13 | Composite structural member with sheet metal flanges |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2226584 CA2226584A1 (en) | 1998-03-13 | 1998-03-13 | Composite structural member with sheet metal flanges |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2226584A1 true CA2226584A1 (en) | 1999-09-13 |
Family
ID=29409040
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2226584 Abandoned CA2226584A1 (en) | 1998-03-13 | 1998-03-13 | Composite structural member with sheet metal flanges |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2226584A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2180115B1 (en) * | 2008-10-21 | 2012-08-29 | Wagner System AG | Wall cladding system |
| WO2014051997A1 (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2014-04-03 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | A metal web joist comprising at least one anchorage enhancer plate |
| EP2853654A2 (en) | 2013-07-22 | 2015-04-01 | Gasser Fassadentechnik AG | Console and façade substructure with the console |
| WO2018178726A3 (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2018-11-08 | Ultraframe (Uk) Limited | Modular partition system |
| US10392803B2 (en) | 2015-07-13 | 2019-08-27 | 9306-1695 Québec Inc. | Composite I-truss |
-
1998
- 1998-03-13 CA CA 2226584 patent/CA2226584A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2180115B1 (en) * | 2008-10-21 | 2012-08-29 | Wagner System AG | Wall cladding system |
| WO2014051997A1 (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2014-04-03 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | A metal web joist comprising at least one anchorage enhancer plate |
| EP2853654A2 (en) | 2013-07-22 | 2015-04-01 | Gasser Fassadentechnik AG | Console and façade substructure with the console |
| US10392803B2 (en) | 2015-07-13 | 2019-08-27 | 9306-1695 Québec Inc. | Composite I-truss |
| WO2018178726A3 (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2018-11-08 | Ultraframe (Uk) Limited | Modular partition system |
| GB2575406A (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2020-01-08 | Ultraframe Uk Ltd | Modular partition system |
| CN113216507A (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2021-08-06 | 超帧(英国)有限公司 | Modular partition |
| EP3892785A1 (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2021-10-13 | Ultraframe (UK) Limited | Support beam |
| JP2022033986A (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2022-03-02 | ウルトラフレーム （ユーケー） リミテッド | Modular partition system |
| GB2575406B (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2022-03-16 | Ultraframe Uk Ltd | Support beam |
| US11746525B2 (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2023-09-05 | Ultraframe (Uk) Limited | Modular partition system |
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