CA2194587A1 - Method of piston internal combustion engine working and piston internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Method of piston internal combustion engine working and piston internal combustion engineInfo
- Publication number
- CA2194587A1 CA2194587A1 CA002194587A CA2194587A CA2194587A1 CA 2194587 A1 CA2194587 A1 CA 2194587A1 CA 002194587 A CA002194587 A CA 002194587A CA 2194587 A CA2194587 A CA 2194587A CA 2194587 A1 CA2194587 A1 CA 2194587A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- hydrocylinder
- working medium
- over
- internal combustion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D15/00—Varying compression ratio
- F02D15/04—Varying compression ratio by alteration of volume of compression space without changing piston stroke
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/04—Engines with variable distances between pistons at top dead-centre positions and cylinder heads
- F02B75/045—Engines with variable distances between pistons at top dead-centre positions and cylinder heads by means of a variable connecting rod length
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/32—Engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding main groups
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/12—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with non-fuel substances or with anti-knock agents, e.g. with anti-knock fuel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C7/00—Connecting-rods or like links pivoted at both ends; Construction of connecting-rod heads
- F16C7/04—Connecting-rods or like links pivoted at both ends; Construction of connecting-rod heads with elastic intermediate part of fluid cushion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
- F16C2360/22—Internal combustion engines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
- Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
- Transmission Devices (AREA)
- Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
This invention relates to engine-building and more particularly to a method of piston internal combustion engine working and may be used in stationary power-generating plants and in transport. A method of piston internal combustion engine working comprising the suction valve (1) opening into the cylinder (8) over-piston cavity, feeding the working medium into it before the suction valve (1) shutting off; further compressing and burning of the working medium with its further expansion and discharge of the worked-out gases. A detonating additive is added into the working medium, but the working medium expansion is preferably affected at its constant pressure and the over-piston cavity variable volume. The piston internal combustion engine comprises a rocker (5) of variable length which is provided by telescopic spring (24) of variable rigidity and hydrocylinder (13) and compensator (4) which is provided by a telescopic spring (28) of variable rigidity and hydrocylinder (31). A rocker (5) of variable length provides fuel burning at the constant pressure of the working medium and variable volume of the over-piston cavity. Compensator (4) provides automatical adjusting of the given compression pressure rate.
Description
~o 96101943 2 1 9 4 5 8 7 METHOD OF PISTON INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH
SPARK IGNITION WORKING AN]D PISTON INTERNAL
COMBUSTION ENGINE
FIELD OF INVENTION
This invention relates to engine-building and more particularly, to a method of piston internal ' engine with spark ignition working and the piston internal bu engine and may be used in stationary power b~ g plants and in transport.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
It is known a rnethocl of intemal ~ ;nl. engine with spark ignition working which c.. ~ opening of the inlet valve into the cylinder over-piston cavity;
feeding into it the working medium from the ~ t~,. before the inlet valve closing, after that they compress the working medium and ignite it by the electric 15 spark; during this process the main quantity of the fuel-air mixture is burning out when the piston is near the upper dead point at the expansion step bCgir~in~e The m~xim~.m pressure of the c- ~h ~ mixture in the cylinder is reached when the piston is at tne upper dead point. Buming out of the fuel-air mixture takes place with intensive heat emission at the point c .r~ll I E the ~ -r~ tum on 10-20 15~ before the upper dead point and 15-20~ after the upper dead point. The main quantity of the fuel-air mixture bums out at the variable pressure and constant volume. Further, they make expansion step (the piston working stroke), i.e. because of the fuel buming out and gas heat exchange the piston is moved to the lower dead point. When the ' ' ~ is 40~5~ before the lower dead point the inlet valve 25 opens and the . ' products are removed from the over-piston cavity.
Removing of the said products is done before the piston coming to the upper deadpoint (S.N. Bogdanov and others "~I.t~mnhil~ engines", M., "Mr-' ~ ~ u~,ni.,", 1987).
It is also known a method of intemal comh ctinn engine with spark ignition 30 working c~ : e the addition into the working medium of dope as a severe anti-AMENDED SHEET
I PEAIEP
~wos6/01s~3 21 ~4587 PCT/- ~c lcnock agent for spark ignition fuels. Document EP-A-80314, page 2, lines 6 and 7.
It is also known an intemal cnmh~ti engine which comprises a casing, a carter, switched-off and non-switched-off cylinders with inlet and outlet means; the pistons in the cylinders which are ~ connected with the shaft, the engine 5 c ontrolling means; moreover, the pistons of the switched-off cylinders are done c~ o~'t~, an ejector for the remaining gazes sucking from the over-piston cavityof the switched-off cylinders with active and passive nozzles; additional outletmeans set in the switched-off cylinders for ~ ;..g the over-piston cavity and the passive nozzle, a ~ relating with the over-piston cavity through the 10 inlet means; moreover, the additional outlet means are connected with the shaft or the engine controlling means; besides, the engine has a safety valve set in the carter which is made hermetic (Russian r.- ~ Patent N2013624, Cl. F02D 17/02).
In such engine the piston being near the upper dead point, and the main quantityof the fuel-air mixture bums out at the variable pressure and constant volume, there 15 is no useful ... ~ l work because of the fact that at this place the piston practically does not move, that is also seen from the formula f'W= JPdV=O
Vl 20 where ~W is gas internai work, Vl and V2 is initial and final gas volume (V=Const.).
At the same time during the process of the main quantity of the fuel-air mixturebuming out there is emanated a Cf! '';~f ~ Volulne of heat~ which leads to the engine details heating, but its part is uselessly taking out into the ~ ~r~25 In cv .~e ~ of the aforesaid, the gas expansion energy is not used for usefull work.
According to the invention mPntinnpd in the GB-A-1579373 there is provided an internal ' engine, c-~ g a c - -.l. .~i;.. chamber, inlet and outlet valves, an ~ r ' )~ a bored channel between the cnnnhll~ti 30 chamber and the: 1- , a plunger consisting of a controlled rod with the AMENDED SHEET
IPEAIFP
~I WO 96/01943 2 1 ~ 4 5 8 7 PCT/MD95100002 enlarged part or head coming into tlhe ~ ' chamber and sliding along the said channel with very srnall clearance between the head and the bored channel wall, moreover, the head is p~ d in such a way that it is joined with the fitting place connected with the channel. There are also provided means for rCllmlllqtnr5 filling with the gas at given pressure, which is given to the plunger in order to make a force acting along the channel and pushing the head to the fitting place,~ r v the force acting to the plunger in t]he opposite direction because of the influence of gas pressure on this plunger in the c~ r charnber. The given gas pressure in the ' ~ir ~ maximum pressure of burning in the 10 cnmh~Qtil chamber.
The pressure of buming, acting to the plunger's head pushes it along the channel, efficiently increasing the total volume of the part in which buming takes place. This volume increasing decreases she maximum value of received pressure of buming as compared with that maximum value of pressure of burning which is in the known 1~ e ngines of ordinary s --This device enables to provide a method of the piston internal c~ h ~ , engine~,vith spark ignition working C""'l";' '\L the inlet valve opening into the ,-- ,-1- -~;;--chamber, i.e. the over-piston cavity of the cylinder, feeding of the working medium into it before the inlet valve closing, the working rnedium c, , and its 20 ignition and the further expansion of the working medium, moreover, its burning is fulfilled at the constant pressure and variable vohlme of the over-piston cavity, with the worked out gases further lis. L~u~;L.g,.
But because of the e lq~r pumping up system ~h~L~ there is no possibility to change quickly the pressure in wide limits in order to ensure working 25 in operating con~iirinnc from idle to full load, besides, at the pressure controlling process there will be the energy losses at the pressure throw-off, but because of the plunger slight IllO~ llt there is no possibility to provide a variable force pushing the head to the fitting place. It is difficult to hermletize the plunger with respect to the channel walls. The said problems make worse when fuel burning speed 30 illcreases.
AMENDED SHEET
IPEA/EP
~o 96~c,~, 2 1 9 4 5 8 7 PcT/MDg5looao2 t 4 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide the method of the piston internal ' 'nn working which can be obtained by the piston internal ~l".. .~ engine with lowered specific fuel c~ , increased efficiency, 5 lowered discharge of the working out gases, decreased metallic ~ and increased litre capacity.
The object has been achieved by the piston internai comhuq7inn engine with spark ignition working, which cv ~ the inlet valve opening into the cylinder's over-piston cavity, feeding the working medium into it before the inlet valve 10 closing, further c~ and ignition of the working medium witb its further e'xpansion and discharge of the worked out gases, moreover, the working medium expansion is affected at its constant pressure and variable volume of the over-piston cavity, but in the working medium they add knock dope.
The problem is also solved by the piston internal ~- ' engine c~ g a 15 carter and a cylinder block with a cu ~ -rod, connected by a big end with a ,.~..L~ r,, but with a sma,l end with a piston, the block cylinder head, in wbich there are the inlet and outlet valves and a ~- E- , connected with the over-piston space, and also a gas--l ~ nl;~.g ~ moreover that the e-~has the form of a cylinder, divided by a rigid cross partition into two cavities, in 20 the lower of which connected with the over-piston space there is a piston, connected with the stem, passing through the said rigid partition and connected with the piston of the h~ld~uuylul~., which is formed by means of the cylinder upper cavity, limited by an additional rigid partition, moreover that the hydrocylinder has a U, .~r. .i~ F channel, but the piston has its stroke less than the hy~llu~"ylih.:l~, 25 length and can cuts off the upper and the lower l~ ~ holes at the upper and the lower dead points respectively, but the system "the ~ ,a st~rn-the other piston"
is spring loaded by a conical telescopic c-~ spring of variable rigidity;besides, the ,o ~ g -rod has the form of a hy~Lu~yluudel and has variable length, which is situated in its big end boss, and the piston, whose stem is 30 cDnnected with the small end; the h.y~u~iylil~L,~ has a l" ~~f ';~e channel, but the AMENDED SHEET
IPEA/EP
~ ~No g6101g43 2 1 9 4 5 8 7 PCTI'' piston situated in tne L~Lu~iylillL. has tne stroke less than the length of the latter and can cuts off the upper and the lower u,~ c holes at the upper and lower - dead points respectively, moreover that ûn the stem there is a conic telescopic crnnprPcc;on spring of a variable rigidity, which by its lesser base is leaning on the 5 hydrocylinder end surface and by its greater base - on tbe small end surface.
The present invention also provides ~ e of specific fuel c~
twice, increasing the efficiency up to 50%, Ik ~ e discharge of the worked up gases into tne 2~ by 50%, ~ metallic ~ e twice; increasing litre capacity twice.
Later on the invention will be apparent from Ihe cperifirq~ir~n and the accu.ll~,u.ying drawings, in which:
Fig.l represents general view of the piston intemal cn ~J;0n engine;
15 Fig.2 represents loa~ view of the . - - ~I;..e-rod;
Fig.3 represents long ' -' view of the .- ~~
Fg.4 represents an indicator diagr_m of the engine in the ~ u~ P - V.
DESCRlPTlON OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT.
The 4-stroke piston intemal cnmh~- engine has a carter 7, connected with a 20 cylinder block 8, in which there is a crq~ qft 9, connected with a piston 3 by means of a ~ g rod 5 of variable length and by means of a - ~ with the gas-~ lll l;. g ~~ -, (not shown).
At tne upper part of the cylinder block 8 there is a cylinder head 2, cn~ e ~he inlet valve l and the outlet valve 6 and a ~ -.l~ -~--- 4.
25 The cr~ ne rod 5 of variable length has the small end 10 and the big end 11, connected by the stem 12, which by one end, for example, by means of tbread is rigidly connected with tne small end l0. In the big end 11 boss there is a L.yLLu~y' ' 13, in which there is a moveable piston 14, situated on the stem 12 free end.
DiMEN~:)ED S~Er~
IPEA/EP
~ wo 96/01943 2 1 9 ~ ~ ~ 7 PCT/MD96/00002 At the end of the big end 11 boss there is a nut lS, limiting the hy Lucylilldu.from the piston 3 side. In the side walls of the L.~Lu~iyl~ 13 there are spout holes 16, 17 and also a l~ f I;Ilp channel 18 with the lower Ur ~f. .1;l~ hole 19 and the upper ~ 'f ~I;l~g hole 20.
The 1~-~ 'f ~;~g channel 18 connects the hycl u~yLIlLl 13 cavities 21, 22 situated on both sides of the piston 14, with the oil system of the engine. The back valve 23 is installed in the inlet hole of the 1~ ~'f ~ g channel 18, cu~ e with the engine carter space.
On the stem 12 there is installed a conical telescopic c-- ~ -,- spring 24 of 10 variable rigidity, which is leaning upon the small end lû surface by means of its greater base and by its smaller base it is leaning upon the Ly Luuylilldc~ 13 end surface.
The c~ 4 of the cylinder head 8 is carried out in the form of the cylinder 25, divided by a rigid cross partition 26 into t vo cavities. In the lower 15 cavity of the cylinder 25, connected with the over-piston space there is a piston 27, connected with the stem 29, passing through the rigid partition 26 and c~lnn~ct~ d with the piston 3û of the Lydlu~ylilld.. 31. The cylinder 25 upper cavity is limited by the additional rigid cross partition 32. The system, consising of the piston 27, the stem 29 and the piston 30 is spring loaded by a conical telescopic c-..,-l~ o~
20 spring 28 of variable rigidity, which can be installed, for example, between the piston 27 and rigid partition 26. In one of the hy~Lu~.yLlldc, 31 walls there two spout holes 33, but in the other wall there is a 1., ~ ,;"~ channel 34, conn~ctpd through n r ~ e holes with the LyLu~ylilld~, 31 upper and lower cavities and with the oil system of the engine (not shown).
25 The piston internal cc ' nn engine works AS follows.
The fresh charge (petrol-air mixture with the knock dope) enters the over-pistoncavity of the head 2, when the piston 3 is moving from the upper dead point to the lower one . Process of filling the over-piston cavity with the fresh charge is ended when the piston 3 is coming into the lower dead point. Then the inlet valve 1 30 clûses. After that the piston 3 moves to the upper dead point and charge AMENDED SHEET
IPEA/EP
~W096J0194, 21 q4587 P~ l ~
Cull~,ul~ ;t;tion of the working medium takes place.
Before the beginning of the process of the working medium ignition, when its pressure is rising, the , 4 ~ y adjusting the given pressure rate, starts working. If the pressure of the working medium in the ' li chamber S exceeds the given rate, the gases affecting on the piston 27 in cylinder 25 lower cavity, compress tbe telescopic spring 28, so the oil flows through the n~. r ,; g channel 34 from the upper cavity of the L.~Lu~lh~l 31 to the lower one, the oil surplus flows through the hole 33.
When the . ,, -L-'~ rl iS 10-15~ before the upper dead point, the working medium10 ignites because of the electric spark and the pressure in the over-piston cavity begins to increase. When the pressure in the over-piston cavity exceeds ~lL~liu~ LLy c.. ~ force of the telescopic spring 24, the crnn~rting-rod 5 small end 10 begins to move in the h)~Lu~.~lh.L. 13 together with the stem 12 and the piston 14 towards the big end 11, ~ L the ~ _ rod 5 length.
15 At the same tirne, the telescopic C- "~ -- - ~ spring 24, which is intended for certain load, c-----l--~ The oil begins to flow from the h.~Lu~.y'- ' 13 lower cavi~ 21 to the engine carter 7 through the spout hole 16. When the piston 14 upper edge opens the hole 20, the oil enters the piston 14 upper cavity 22 along the l .. .' f. . I; ~p channel 18. When the piston 14 lower edge cuts off the spout hole 16 20 and the l,, ,~r ....~ hole 19, the remaining oil in tne cavity 21 will serve as a damper ~~-~' ( ~ e the piston 14 shock, because the piston 14 total stroke is less than the L.~u;y' ' 13 length.. At the sarne time the process of the spring 28 compression continues. When the piston 30 upper edge cuts off the upper spout hole, the oil remaining in the space between the piston 30 and the rigid partition 32 2~ will serve as a damper ~ g the piston 30 shock, because the piston 30 total stroke is less than the L~Lu-,yliL..l~l 31 length.
When the pressure in the over-piston cavity begins to decrease, the load on the piston 3 and therefore on the stem 12 reduces and the ~ -g-rod 5 begins to lengthen because of the telescopic c~ -- spring 24 force. The oil from the30 upper cavity 22 flows to the ~ ~gi- ~ space ~hrough the spout hole 17 in the AMENDED SHEET
I PEAIEP
SPARK IGNITION WORKING AN]D PISTON INTERNAL
COMBUSTION ENGINE
FIELD OF INVENTION
This invention relates to engine-building and more particularly, to a method of piston internal ' engine with spark ignition working and the piston internal bu engine and may be used in stationary power b~ g plants and in transport.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
It is known a rnethocl of intemal ~ ;nl. engine with spark ignition working which c.. ~ opening of the inlet valve into the cylinder over-piston cavity;
feeding into it the working medium from the ~ t~,. before the inlet valve closing, after that they compress the working medium and ignite it by the electric 15 spark; during this process the main quantity of the fuel-air mixture is burning out when the piston is near the upper dead point at the expansion step bCgir~in~e The m~xim~.m pressure of the c- ~h ~ mixture in the cylinder is reached when the piston is at tne upper dead point. Buming out of the fuel-air mixture takes place with intensive heat emission at the point c .r~ll I E the ~ -r~ tum on 10-20 15~ before the upper dead point and 15-20~ after the upper dead point. The main quantity of the fuel-air mixture bums out at the variable pressure and constant volume. Further, they make expansion step (the piston working stroke), i.e. because of the fuel buming out and gas heat exchange the piston is moved to the lower dead point. When the ' ' ~ is 40~5~ before the lower dead point the inlet valve 25 opens and the . ' products are removed from the over-piston cavity.
Removing of the said products is done before the piston coming to the upper deadpoint (S.N. Bogdanov and others "~I.t~mnhil~ engines", M., "Mr-' ~ ~ u~,ni.,", 1987).
It is also known a method of intemal comh ctinn engine with spark ignition 30 working c~ : e the addition into the working medium of dope as a severe anti-AMENDED SHEET
I PEAIEP
~wos6/01s~3 21 ~4587 PCT/- ~c lcnock agent for spark ignition fuels. Document EP-A-80314, page 2, lines 6 and 7.
It is also known an intemal cnmh~ti engine which comprises a casing, a carter, switched-off and non-switched-off cylinders with inlet and outlet means; the pistons in the cylinders which are ~ connected with the shaft, the engine 5 c ontrolling means; moreover, the pistons of the switched-off cylinders are done c~ o~'t~, an ejector for the remaining gazes sucking from the over-piston cavityof the switched-off cylinders with active and passive nozzles; additional outletmeans set in the switched-off cylinders for ~ ;..g the over-piston cavity and the passive nozzle, a ~ relating with the over-piston cavity through the 10 inlet means; moreover, the additional outlet means are connected with the shaft or the engine controlling means; besides, the engine has a safety valve set in the carter which is made hermetic (Russian r.- ~ Patent N2013624, Cl. F02D 17/02).
In such engine the piston being near the upper dead point, and the main quantityof the fuel-air mixture bums out at the variable pressure and constant volume, there 15 is no useful ... ~ l work because of the fact that at this place the piston practically does not move, that is also seen from the formula f'W= JPdV=O
Vl 20 where ~W is gas internai work, Vl and V2 is initial and final gas volume (V=Const.).
At the same time during the process of the main quantity of the fuel-air mixturebuming out there is emanated a Cf! '';~f ~ Volulne of heat~ which leads to the engine details heating, but its part is uselessly taking out into the ~ ~r~25 In cv .~e ~ of the aforesaid, the gas expansion energy is not used for usefull work.
According to the invention mPntinnpd in the GB-A-1579373 there is provided an internal ' engine, c-~ g a c - -.l. .~i;.. chamber, inlet and outlet valves, an ~ r ' )~ a bored channel between the cnnnhll~ti 30 chamber and the: 1- , a plunger consisting of a controlled rod with the AMENDED SHEET
IPEAIFP
~I WO 96/01943 2 1 ~ 4 5 8 7 PCT/MD95100002 enlarged part or head coming into tlhe ~ ' chamber and sliding along the said channel with very srnall clearance between the head and the bored channel wall, moreover, the head is p~ d in such a way that it is joined with the fitting place connected with the channel. There are also provided means for rCllmlllqtnr5 filling with the gas at given pressure, which is given to the plunger in order to make a force acting along the channel and pushing the head to the fitting place,~ r v the force acting to the plunger in t]he opposite direction because of the influence of gas pressure on this plunger in the c~ r charnber. The given gas pressure in the ' ~ir ~ maximum pressure of burning in the 10 cnmh~Qtil chamber.
The pressure of buming, acting to the plunger's head pushes it along the channel, efficiently increasing the total volume of the part in which buming takes place. This volume increasing decreases she maximum value of received pressure of buming as compared with that maximum value of pressure of burning which is in the known 1~ e ngines of ordinary s --This device enables to provide a method of the piston internal c~ h ~ , engine~,vith spark ignition working C""'l";' '\L the inlet valve opening into the ,-- ,-1- -~;;--chamber, i.e. the over-piston cavity of the cylinder, feeding of the working medium into it before the inlet valve closing, the working rnedium c, , and its 20 ignition and the further expansion of the working medium, moreover, its burning is fulfilled at the constant pressure and variable vohlme of the over-piston cavity, with the worked out gases further lis. L~u~;L.g,.
But because of the e lq~r pumping up system ~h~L~ there is no possibility to change quickly the pressure in wide limits in order to ensure working 25 in operating con~iirinnc from idle to full load, besides, at the pressure controlling process there will be the energy losses at the pressure throw-off, but because of the plunger slight IllO~ llt there is no possibility to provide a variable force pushing the head to the fitting place. It is difficult to hermletize the plunger with respect to the channel walls. The said problems make worse when fuel burning speed 30 illcreases.
AMENDED SHEET
IPEA/EP
~o 96~c,~, 2 1 9 4 5 8 7 PcT/MDg5looao2 t 4 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide the method of the piston internal ' 'nn working which can be obtained by the piston internal ~l".. .~ engine with lowered specific fuel c~ , increased efficiency, 5 lowered discharge of the working out gases, decreased metallic ~ and increased litre capacity.
The object has been achieved by the piston internai comhuq7inn engine with spark ignition working, which cv ~ the inlet valve opening into the cylinder's over-piston cavity, feeding the working medium into it before the inlet valve 10 closing, further c~ and ignition of the working medium witb its further e'xpansion and discharge of the worked out gases, moreover, the working medium expansion is affected at its constant pressure and variable volume of the over-piston cavity, but in the working medium they add knock dope.
The problem is also solved by the piston internal ~- ' engine c~ g a 15 carter and a cylinder block with a cu ~ -rod, connected by a big end with a ,.~..L~ r,, but with a sma,l end with a piston, the block cylinder head, in wbich there are the inlet and outlet valves and a ~- E- , connected with the over-piston space, and also a gas--l ~ nl;~.g ~ moreover that the e-~has the form of a cylinder, divided by a rigid cross partition into two cavities, in 20 the lower of which connected with the over-piston space there is a piston, connected with the stem, passing through the said rigid partition and connected with the piston of the h~ld~uuylul~., which is formed by means of the cylinder upper cavity, limited by an additional rigid partition, moreover that the hydrocylinder has a U, .~r. .i~ F channel, but the piston has its stroke less than the hy~llu~"ylih.:l~, 25 length and can cuts off the upper and the lower l~ ~ holes at the upper and the lower dead points respectively, but the system "the ~ ,a st~rn-the other piston"
is spring loaded by a conical telescopic c-~ spring of variable rigidity;besides, the ,o ~ g -rod has the form of a hy~Lu~yluudel and has variable length, which is situated in its big end boss, and the piston, whose stem is 30 cDnnected with the small end; the h.y~u~iylil~L,~ has a l" ~~f ';~e channel, but the AMENDED SHEET
IPEA/EP
~ ~No g6101g43 2 1 9 4 5 8 7 PCTI'' piston situated in tne L~Lu~iylillL. has tne stroke less than the length of the latter and can cuts off the upper and the lower u,~ c holes at the upper and lower - dead points respectively, moreover that ûn the stem there is a conic telescopic crnnprPcc;on spring of a variable rigidity, which by its lesser base is leaning on the 5 hydrocylinder end surface and by its greater base - on tbe small end surface.
The present invention also provides ~ e of specific fuel c~
twice, increasing the efficiency up to 50%, Ik ~ e discharge of the worked up gases into tne 2~ by 50%, ~ metallic ~ e twice; increasing litre capacity twice.
Later on the invention will be apparent from Ihe cperifirq~ir~n and the accu.ll~,u.ying drawings, in which:
Fig.l represents general view of the piston intemal cn ~J;0n engine;
15 Fig.2 represents loa~ view of the . - - ~I;..e-rod;
Fig.3 represents long ' -' view of the .- ~~
Fg.4 represents an indicator diagr_m of the engine in the ~ u~ P - V.
DESCRlPTlON OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT.
The 4-stroke piston intemal cnmh~- engine has a carter 7, connected with a 20 cylinder block 8, in which there is a crq~ qft 9, connected with a piston 3 by means of a ~ g rod 5 of variable length and by means of a - ~ with the gas-~ lll l;. g ~~ -, (not shown).
At tne upper part of the cylinder block 8 there is a cylinder head 2, cn~ e ~he inlet valve l and the outlet valve 6 and a ~ -.l~ -~--- 4.
25 The cr~ ne rod 5 of variable length has the small end 10 and the big end 11, connected by the stem 12, which by one end, for example, by means of tbread is rigidly connected with tne small end l0. In the big end 11 boss there is a L.yLLu~y' ' 13, in which there is a moveable piston 14, situated on the stem 12 free end.
DiMEN~:)ED S~Er~
IPEA/EP
~ wo 96/01943 2 1 9 ~ ~ ~ 7 PCT/MD96/00002 At the end of the big end 11 boss there is a nut lS, limiting the hy Lucylilldu.from the piston 3 side. In the side walls of the L.~Lu~iyl~ 13 there are spout holes 16, 17 and also a l~ f I;Ilp channel 18 with the lower Ur ~f. .1;l~ hole 19 and the upper ~ 'f ~I;l~g hole 20.
The 1~-~ 'f ~;~g channel 18 connects the hycl u~yLIlLl 13 cavities 21, 22 situated on both sides of the piston 14, with the oil system of the engine. The back valve 23 is installed in the inlet hole of the 1~ ~'f ~ g channel 18, cu~ e with the engine carter space.
On the stem 12 there is installed a conical telescopic c-- ~ -,- spring 24 of 10 variable rigidity, which is leaning upon the small end lû surface by means of its greater base and by its smaller base it is leaning upon the Ly Luuylilldc~ 13 end surface.
The c~ 4 of the cylinder head 8 is carried out in the form of the cylinder 25, divided by a rigid cross partition 26 into t vo cavities. In the lower 15 cavity of the cylinder 25, connected with the over-piston space there is a piston 27, connected with the stem 29, passing through the rigid partition 26 and c~lnn~ct~ d with the piston 3û of the Lydlu~ylilld.. 31. The cylinder 25 upper cavity is limited by the additional rigid cross partition 32. The system, consising of the piston 27, the stem 29 and the piston 30 is spring loaded by a conical telescopic c-..,-l~ o~
20 spring 28 of variable rigidity, which can be installed, for example, between the piston 27 and rigid partition 26. In one of the hy~Lu~.yLlldc, 31 walls there two spout holes 33, but in the other wall there is a 1., ~ ,;"~ channel 34, conn~ctpd through n r ~ e holes with the LyLu~ylilld~, 31 upper and lower cavities and with the oil system of the engine (not shown).
25 The piston internal cc ' nn engine works AS follows.
The fresh charge (petrol-air mixture with the knock dope) enters the over-pistoncavity of the head 2, when the piston 3 is moving from the upper dead point to the lower one . Process of filling the over-piston cavity with the fresh charge is ended when the piston 3 is coming into the lower dead point. Then the inlet valve 1 30 clûses. After that the piston 3 moves to the upper dead point and charge AMENDED SHEET
IPEA/EP
~W096J0194, 21 q4587 P~ l ~
Cull~,ul~ ;t;tion of the working medium takes place.
Before the beginning of the process of the working medium ignition, when its pressure is rising, the , 4 ~ y adjusting the given pressure rate, starts working. If the pressure of the working medium in the ' li chamber S exceeds the given rate, the gases affecting on the piston 27 in cylinder 25 lower cavity, compress tbe telescopic spring 28, so the oil flows through the n~. r ,; g channel 34 from the upper cavity of the L.~Lu~lh~l 31 to the lower one, the oil surplus flows through the hole 33.
When the . ,, -L-'~ rl iS 10-15~ before the upper dead point, the working medium10 ignites because of the electric spark and the pressure in the over-piston cavity begins to increase. When the pressure in the over-piston cavity exceeds ~lL~liu~ LLy c.. ~ force of the telescopic spring 24, the crnn~rting-rod 5 small end 10 begins to move in the h)~Lu~.~lh.L. 13 together with the stem 12 and the piston 14 towards the big end 11, ~ L the ~ _ rod 5 length.
15 At the same tirne, the telescopic C- "~ -- - ~ spring 24, which is intended for certain load, c-----l--~ The oil begins to flow from the h.~Lu~.y'- ' 13 lower cavi~ 21 to the engine carter 7 through the spout hole 16. When the piston 14 upper edge opens the hole 20, the oil enters the piston 14 upper cavity 22 along the l .. .' f. . I; ~p channel 18. When the piston 14 lower edge cuts off the spout hole 16 20 and the l,, ,~r ....~ hole 19, the remaining oil in tne cavity 21 will serve as a damper ~~-~' ( ~ e the piston 14 shock, because the piston 14 total stroke is less than the L.~u;y' ' 13 length.. At the sarne time the process of the spring 28 compression continues. When the piston 30 upper edge cuts off the upper spout hole, the oil remaining in the space between the piston 30 and the rigid partition 32 2~ will serve as a damper ~ g the piston 30 shock, because the piston 30 total stroke is less than the L~Lu-,yliL..l~l 31 length.
When the pressure in the over-piston cavity begins to decrease, the load on the piston 3 and therefore on the stem 12 reduces and the ~ -g-rod 5 begins to lengthen because of the telescopic c~ -- spring 24 force. The oil from the30 upper cavity 22 flows to the ~ ~gi- ~ space ~hrough the spout hole 17 in the AMENDED SHEET
I PEAIEP
3 2 1 9 4 5 8 7 F-, n /Lr .. 8 h~ u~yliluh. 13 side wall. Then the hole 19 under the piston 14 lower edge opensand the oil fills the lower cavity 21, flowing from the engine oil system along the ch~mnel 18 with the back valve 23 and besides the oil flows through the n. ~ ;..g hole 20 and the n, .~r~ g channel 18.
5 When the piston 14 comes to the upper dead point, the piston 14 upper edge closes the overflowing hole 20 and the spout hole 17. The oil, remaining in tne upper cavity 22 serves as a damper ~ -~ ; g the piston 14 shock? provid~ng noiseless work of the c-~ E; rod - piston group.
At the same time the piston 27 moves downwards because of the spring 28 10 action and when the piston 30 lower edge cuts off the lower u - .~ ~;ng hole the oil remaining between the piston 30 and the rigid partition 26 will serve as a darnper cllchi~ning the piston 30 shock. So the energy ~rcllm~ tl~ci by the springs 24 and 28 is used in such a way. The process is finished when tne piston 3 comesto Ihe lower dead point. Then the valve 6 opens. After that the piston 3 moves to 15 tne upper dead point and the worked out gases are discharged; further on the cycle repeats.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY.
The applied construction allows to usè fuel with Ihe knock dopes inrlr~cing fuel20 burning speed and volume and to minirnize heat losses, that helps to solve the defined problems.
The piston internal c ' engines according to the present invention can be applied in tne air, above-water power !j~ g plants and in transport systems, using gaseous fuel, petrol, ligroin, motor fuel and nont~riifion~ ly pure 25 fuells in two - and four- stroke cycles.
5 When the piston 14 comes to the upper dead point, the piston 14 upper edge closes the overflowing hole 20 and the spout hole 17. The oil, remaining in tne upper cavity 22 serves as a damper ~ -~ ; g the piston 14 shock? provid~ng noiseless work of the c-~ E; rod - piston group.
At the same time the piston 27 moves downwards because of the spring 28 10 action and when the piston 30 lower edge cuts off the lower u - .~ ~;ng hole the oil remaining between the piston 30 and the rigid partition 26 will serve as a darnper cllchi~ning the piston 30 shock. So the energy ~rcllm~ tl~ci by the springs 24 and 28 is used in such a way. The process is finished when tne piston 3 comesto Ihe lower dead point. Then the valve 6 opens. After that the piston 3 moves to 15 tne upper dead point and the worked out gases are discharged; further on the cycle repeats.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY.
The applied construction allows to usè fuel with Ihe knock dopes inrlr~cing fuel20 burning speed and volume and to minirnize heat losses, that helps to solve the defined problems.
The piston internal c ' engines according to the present invention can be applied in tne air, above-water power !j~ g plants and in transport systems, using gaseous fuel, petrol, ligroin, motor fuel and nont~riifion~ ly pure 25 fuells in two - and four- stroke cycles.
Claims (2)
1. A method of the piston internal combustion engine with spark ignition working, which comprises: the inlet valve opening into the cylinder over-piston cavity;
feeding the working medium into it before the inlet valve closing; further compression and ignition of the working medium with its further expansion and discharge of the worked out gases, moreover, the working medium expansion is carded out at its constable pressure and the over-piston cavity variable volume,characterized in that a knock dope is added into the working medium.
feeding the working medium into it before the inlet valve closing; further compression and ignition of the working medium with its further expansion and discharge of the worked out gases, moreover, the working medium expansion is carded out at its constable pressure and the over-piston cavity variable volume,characterized in that a knock dope is added into the working medium.
2. The piston internal combustion engine comprising: a carter 7 and a cylinder block 8 with a connecting-rod 5, connected by a big end 11 with a crankshaft 9, but with a small end 10 with a piston 3, the block cylinder head 2, in which there are the inlet 1 and outlet 6 valves and a compensator 4, connected with the over-piston space, and also a gas-distributing mechanism, characterized in that the compensator 4 has the form of a cylinder 25, divided by a rigid cross partition into two cavities, in the lower of which connected with the over-piston space there is a piston 27,connected with the stem 29, passing through the said rigid partition 26 and connected with the piston 30 of the hydrocylinder 31, which is formed by means of the cylinder 25 upper cavity, limited by an additional rigid partition 32, moreover that the hydrocylinder 31 has a transferring channel 34, but the piston 30 has its stroke less than the hydrocylinder 31 length and can cuts off the upper and the lower transferring holes at the upper and the lower dead points respectively, but the system "the piston 27-the stem 29- the piston 30" is spring-loaded by a conical telescopic compression spring 28 of variable rigidity; besides the connecting-rod 5 has the form of a hydrocylinder 13 and has variable length, which is situated in the big end 11 boss, and the piston 14, whose stem 12 is connected with the small end 10; the hydrocylinder 13 has a transferring channel 18, but the piston 14 situated in the hydrocylinder 13 has the stroke less than the length of the latter and can cuts off the upper 20 and the lower 19 transferring holes in the upper and the lower dead points respectively, moreover, that on the stem 12 there is a conical telescopic compression spring 24 of variable rigidity, which by its smaller base is leaning on the hydrocylinder 13 end surface and by its greater base-on the small end 10 surface.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| MD94-0171 | 1994-07-07 | ||
| MD94-0171A MD559C2 (en) | 1994-07-07 | 1994-07-07 | Connecting rod of variable length |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2194587A1 true CA2194587A1 (en) | 1996-01-25 |
Family
ID=19738548
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002194587A Abandoned CA2194587A1 (en) | 1994-07-07 | 1995-07-06 | Method of piston internal combustion engine working and piston internal combustion engine |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0769099A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH10502986A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR970704957A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2194587A1 (en) |
| MD (1) | MD559C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1996001943A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL1005395C2 (en) * | 1997-02-06 | 1998-08-07 | Leon Ruben Van De Werve | Internal combustion engine with rotatable cylinder block |
| MD97Z (en) * | 2008-03-27 | 2010-05-31 | Технический университет Молдовы | Electrohydraulic motor |
| CN103953437B (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2016-09-21 | 孙大林 | A kind of Dual-piston IC engine |
| AT516387B1 (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-05-15 | Avl List Gmbh | LENGTH-ADJUSTABLE CONNECTING ROD |
| AT15426U1 (en) | 2015-08-10 | 2017-08-15 | Avl List Gmbh | Reciprocating engine, in particular internal combustion engine |
| CN108603438B (en) | 2015-12-14 | 2022-01-25 | Avl 里斯脱有限公司 | Length-adjustable connecting rod, reciprocating piston engine and vehicle |
| AT519011B1 (en) | 2016-05-31 | 2018-03-15 | Avl List Gmbh | reciprocating engine |
| DE102016008306A1 (en) | 2016-07-06 | 2018-01-11 | Avl List Gmbh | Connecting rod with adjustable connecting rod length |
| JOP20190089A1 (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2019-04-22 | Jaypal Uttam Mohite | An alternate procedure for operating an internal combustion engine |
| AT519360B1 (en) | 2017-02-24 | 2018-06-15 | Avl List Gmbh | Method for operating a reciprocating piston engine with at least one hydraulically length-adjustable connecting rod |
| JP6947025B2 (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2021-10-13 | 株式会社Ihi | Variable compressor and engine system |
| JP7031458B2 (en) * | 2018-04-06 | 2022-03-08 | 株式会社Ihi | Variable compressor and engine system |
| JP7031457B2 (en) * | 2018-04-06 | 2022-03-08 | 株式会社Ihi | Variable compressor and engine system |
| EP3779145B1 (en) * | 2018-04-06 | 2023-03-22 | Ihi Corporation | Variable compression device and engine system |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE290786C (en) * | ||||
| BE392783A (en) * | ||||
| FR1153247A (en) * | 1956-06-29 | 1958-03-04 | Elastic linkage for internal combustion engines | |
| GB1579373A (en) | 1977-04-02 | 1980-11-19 | Moiroux A | Internal combustion engine |
| SU647468A1 (en) * | 1977-09-05 | 1979-02-15 | Машиностроительный Завод Им. Ф.Э. Дзержинского | Variable-length connecting-rod |
| DE2753563A1 (en) * | 1977-12-01 | 1979-06-07 | Daimler Benz Ag | Variable stroke reciprocating piston IC engine - has resilient connecting rod formed by spring=loaded hydraulic arm |
| ZW24182A1 (en) | 1981-11-17 | 1983-06-15 | Aeci Ltd | Fuels |
| JPS5954735A (en) * | 1982-09-22 | 1984-03-29 | 「峰」岸 律夫 | Expandable stroke 4-cycle engine |
-
1994
- 1994-07-07 MD MD94-0171A patent/MD559C2/en active IP Right Grant
-
1995
- 1995-07-06 EP EP95925157A patent/EP0769099A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-07-06 CA CA002194587A patent/CA2194587A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-07-06 JP JP8504232A patent/JPH10502986A/en active Pending
- 1995-07-06 WO PCT/MD1995/000002 patent/WO1996001943A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-07-06 KR KR1019970700094A patent/KR970704957A/en active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MD559B1 (en) | 1996-05-31 |
| MD559C2 (en) | 1997-01-31 |
| KR970704957A (en) | 1997-09-06 |
| WO1996001943A1 (en) | 1996-01-25 |
| JPH10502986A (en) | 1998-03-17 |
| EP0769099A1 (en) | 1997-04-23 |
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