CA2146878A1 - Apparatus and methods for music and lyrics broadcasting - Google Patents

Abstract

A system for broadcasting audio music and broadcasting lyrics for display and highlighting substantially simultaneously with the occurrence of the lyrics in the accompanying audio music is provided. The system includes an audio music source (150) that provides a data output and an analog audio signal output. A computer (158) receives the data and generates lyric text data and lyric timing commands. A subcarrier generator (162) generates a subcarrier signal carrying the lyric text and timing com-mand. An FM transmitter (152) broadcasts a composite signal that combines (164) the analog audio signal with the subcarrier sig-nal wherein the subcarrier signal is transmitted in a burst before the analog signal of the associated music selection is broadcast.
A lyric display unit (166) receives the composite signal, separates and decodes the subcarrier signal and displays and highlights lyrics according to the lyric text data and lyric timing commands decoded from the subcarrier signal.

Description

~O 94/10761 21~ 68 7 ~ PCT/US93/lU037 APPARATUS AND Mh~IODS ~OR MUSIC
AND LYRICS BROADCASrING

Bac4;.fi.. d of the Invention This is a contim-~tiQn-in-part of pending patent application Serial No. 07/737,211 filed 1~ July 29, 1991, which is a divisional of patent application Serial No. 07/657,477, filed February 19, 1991, which matured into Patent No. 5,134,719, issuing on July 28, 1992.
This invention relates to radio broadcast systems and, more particularly, to ~p~aLus and methuds for id~uliryiL~g broadcast audio program selections in FM stereo radio broadcast systems and displaying Iyrics of the audio program selections.
While FM broadcast station program materials generally consist of a cu-llbillaLion of music, news, advertising, and hlrul~ ion l)ruglallls, the interest of a large segment of the listening a~Aien~e is directed to the music portion of the bro~dc~ctc. ln fact, the music industry cooperates with the radio stations and encou~dges the broadcæt of the latest album releases on the basis that most album sales are the result of audience reaction to broadcast musical selections.
One of the more rl..~ i..g aspects co,lr.on~ g the listener concerns deciphering the Iyrics of music selections received on the radio. Often the Iyrics of vocal music, from modern popular music to el~ccie~l music, are difficult to understand, even after the selection is heard many times. It is somPtimps possible for a listener to obtain Iyrics by buying the co,llpacL disc (CD) on which the selection is inrhlApd. However, many c~mpact discs do not include printed Iyrics and the listener has no way to know before buying the CD whether Iyrics are in~ dP~A Further, the listener must buy the whole CD on which the selection is in~ dPd just to get the Iyrics of the one desired selection.
Even if printed Iyrics are obtained by the listener, the printed Iyrics do not indicate when the individual words are sung in relation to the music contained on the CD. One way of solving this problem are video sing-along systems such as "karaoke" systems. These self-contained systems reproduce musical selections, often with the lead vocal omitted and display

2~ ~687 8 -2- PCI/US93/10037 ~
Iyrics on video screens. These systems involve expensive e~lui~l.lé-l and require the additional purchase of special recordings of musical selection that often can be only used with the sing-along systems.
Another source of r~ui~LIa~ioll is the idpntifi~ion of the broadcast musical selection~, particularly since the stations do not employ a uniform method of identifi~tion. Some stations almuu-,- e the titles of a group of selections prior to their broadcast, others announce the titles after the broadcast of such a group, while still others provide such announ~em~Pnt~
on a random basis. Rarely do the stations announce the title, artist and album h~ru~ alion for each selPction- The result is that the listener is generally unable to rapidly identify and relllt;lllbel a particular musical selection with s~1ffi~iP-nt ac~u-a. y to enable the subsequent purchase of the album collLailling that selection.
The present invention provides an ~p~u~LuS and methods for storing, broa-~cA~ting, rèeeiving and displaying Iyrics of music being ~imllitAneously broadcast, in-~hl-ling a real time in~ Ation of when each word or phrase of the Iyrics is being sung in the ~cco~ AIlyillg I5 musical broadcast.
The present invention also provides a~palàlus and mPtho~l~ for enabling a listener to rapidly and ac-;u-a~ely identify broadcast musical selections.
The invention also provides a~!~.A-~tus and mpth~ of storing selected musical selection i~1çntifi~tion hlro,...alion, and for recalling such hlfol...a~ion at a later time, to facilitate the purchase of the album collL~illillg that selection.
In order to make the broadcast of the lyric and identificAtion material commercially feasible, the invention provides a~pa alus and mpthod~ for receiving and storing supplemental col"l..ercial text data s~bst~nti~lly concllllel,Lly with the reception of audio con-,--ercial messages.5 Su---,-,~, ~ of the Invention A broadcast system is provided which is compatible with conventional FM stereo receivers and which inr11-APs L1A~ P~ alJpalduS for LIA~ g audio musical selections and auxiliary data in the form of a digital l..essage signal ~el)r~C~l;llg a text l,.essdge which in~ P~ the name of the musical selection, name of the artist pe.rullllillg the selection, the name of the album on which the selection is located, the Iyrics of the musical selection and timing data for synchio~ -g the Iyrics with the music. The text message is IIA~
either during, immP~AiAtely prior to or immPAiAtP1y after the trAn~mi~ion of the musical selection.
Receiver a~)~aldu:~ receives the musical sP1ection and the digital message signal. The musical selection is reproduced using loudspeakers and the like, and the message signal is ~ 94/10761 2 1 ~ 6 8 7 8 PCr/US93/10037 decoded into the text Illessages which are displayed on a display subst~nti~lly con~u,~ lL with the reproduction of the musical selection.
A user operated storage feature is provided for storing the displayed text message, and for recalling it for display at a later time. In another embo~limPnt the storage feature also stores a portion of the musical selection along with the text lllessage identifying that selection.
Upon recall, the stored musical selection is reproduced while the stored message is displayed.
Multiple text Illessages and colles~ullding musical selections may be stored and recalled by user ûperation of multiple control switches, which may be the same control switches used in a collvenlional digitally tuned receiver for storing and recalling broadcast station frequPn-~ies.
A system for L.~ the auxiliary data is also disclosed where the musical selections and auxiliary data are L1~.l~ll~;llP~ as part of an FM stereophonic broadcast system in which a main carrier is ~ d at an ~ccignpd broadcast station frequency. An audio sum signal is provided represçnting the sum of the left and right ch~nmPlc of the sl~ieophonic audio programs, and a double ~ eb~n~ s.~re;,sed carrier (DSBSC) signal is provided where the ~u~ressed carrier is amplitude modulated by an audio difference signal represPnting the difference between the left and right eh~nnpl~ of the slel~ophonic audio pl`OglalllS~ the frequency of the sul,pressed carrier being such that the frequency spectra of the DSBSC signal is spaced apart from and is above the frequency spectra of the audio sum signal.A stereo pilot subcarrier is provided to demodulate the DSBSC signal in receiver~p~aluS~ where the frequency of the pilot subcarrier is a subharmonic of the DSBSC signal and is located between the frequency spectra of the audio sum signal and the DSBSC signal.
Circuits are provided for amplitude m--d~ ting the stereo pilot subcarrier with the auxiliary data, and a modulator is used for frequency modulating the main carrier with the audio sum signal, the modulated stereo pilot subcarrier, and the DSBSC signal.
In one version of the above system, the auxiliary data is I ~-ls~ P~ during the c-ui~.cion of the stereo musical selections, and the stereo pilot subcarrier is amplitude modulated in a manner such that the frequency spectra of the modlll~ted pilot does not overlap the frequency spectra of the audio sum signal or the frequency spectra of the DSBSC signal.
When amplitude modulated with the auxiliary data, the stereo pilot subcarrier frequency modulates that main carrier from a ~ of 8% to a I~lA~ n~ of 10% of a predetermined ~ frequency modlll~tion of the main carrier.
In another embodiment of the invention, the auxiliary data is tr~n.cmitted during at least one time interval either before or after the ~ sion of the stereo musical selections.
During that interval, which may be an interval of silence or in which audio annolln~PmPntc are l~ IP~, the left and right ch~nnP1c ûf the audio material being broadcast are set s--bst~nti~lly equal to each other, forming a Illon~,l)hollic signal whereby the DSBSC signal is sub~ullially lmmo~llll~ted. The auxiliary data is tr~ncmittPd during that interval by WO 94/10761 PCI/US93/10037 ~
2'1 4~8~ 8 ~-amplitude modulating the pilot subcarrier up to 100% with the auxiliary data, and the modulated subcarrier in turn frequency modulates that main carrier up to 30% of a prede~Prmin~ mAl~imnm frequency modlllAtion of the main carrier.
In another version of the above embodiment the auxiliary data is again l~ led during at least one ~olwphollic time interval either before or after the ~A.~ jon of the stereo musical selections, when the DSBSC signal is substAntiAlly unmodlll~ted- In this version, the stereo pilot subcarrier is not modtllAt~i with the auxiliary data. Instead, the stereo pilot subcarrier is su~p-~ed during the monophonic l,A~ ion interval, and an auxiliary data subcarrier is provided having a frequency greater than the frequency of the stereo pilot subcarrier and less than or equal to the highest frequency of the DSBSC signal spectra, and which is Amrlihlde modlllAt~d by the auxiliary data. The auxiliary data subcarrier frequency may be set equal to the frequency of the DSBSC signal.
Also provided is a modlllAtor for frequency mod~lAtin~ the main carrier with the audio sum signal, the stereo pilot subcarrier, the DSBSC signal, and the amplihude modulated auxiliary data subcarrier.
A ~eceiver is di~close~ for receiving the frequency modulated main carrier, and for using the amplitude modlllAtion of the stereo pilot subcarrier (or the auxiliary data subcarrier) to provide the auxiliary data.
Also disclosed is a system for al~lulllaLically providing an audio musical selection and a digital message signal representing a text message which includes the name of the musical selection, the name of the artist pelru,lning the selection, and the name of the album on which the selection appears. The system includes a compact disc player for playing a col"~acl disc having multiple tracks each of which contains .iigiti7çd musical data representing an audio musical selection.
The disc when played by the player provides, in addition to the audio musical selection, a track i~l~ntificAtion signal identifying the track being played and a disc i-içntifi~til~n signal which uniquely i~lçntifie~ the disc from other co..,pacl discs. A digital processor is provided with a memory having stored therein a table which in~^lndçs the disc irlçntific~tion signal along with the name of the artist performing the musical selections on that disc and the name of the album on which the selection appears. The table also includes the names of the musical selections contAin~d on that disc along with the track on which each selection is contained.
The processor is ~ onsive to the disc id~ntifi~tion signal and the track id~ntific~tion signal from the player and uses those signals in conju,.clion with the stored table for d*~ i.. g the name of the p~rullllh~g artist, the name of the album, and the name of the musical selection, and for c~ bi ling these names to form the digital ,l.es~a~e signal.

21~6878 ~0 94/10761 PCI/US93/10037 _5_ A metnod of identifying broadcast audio program selection.~ is disclosed which includes the steps of receiving a plurality of broadcast audio program selections which are reproduced by audio tr~ duce~ means; receiving a plurality of broadcast text messages, where each text ~ucssage is received S-l71~7lA~I;A11Y con~ul-e,lL with and identifiP~ a 5 corresponding one of the audio program selections; t~lllpOIalily storing a broadcast text Illessage while it is being received, in a manner where each received text message replaces the previously temporarily stored text message; sPIP~cting in response to a user storage colll.l,and a text message and a portion of the broadcast audio program i~lçntified by the selected text message to be stored in a fixed manner where it is retained until selected for deletion by user action; storing the selected text n.essage and the selected portion of the broadcast audio program until it is selected for deletion by user action; providing a display for displaying a text message; recalling the selected text Illessage in response to a user recall coll.ll,alld; and displaying the recalled message on the display.
A method for L(A~l~U~ g a plurality of stereophonic audio programs and auxiliarydata is disclosed which in~ dps the steps of LlAn~ lg a main carrier at an ~ igned broadcast station frequency; providing an audio sum signal reprecf~nting the sum of the left and right ch~nnPIC of the stereophonic audio programs; providing double sidebAn~l ~u~pr~sed carrier ~SBSC) signal, where the suplJ-essed carrier is ~mrlih~de m~-dulAtPcl by an audio difference signal represP.nting the diîre.ence between the left and right chAnnPl~ of the sL~.eol,honic audio programs, the frequency of the suppressed carrier being such that the frequency spectra of the DSBSC signal is spaced apart from and is above the frequency spectra of the audio sum signal; providing a stereo pilot subcarrier to be used to demodulate the DSBSC signal in receiver ~p~a~us, where the frequency of the pilot subcarrier is a s~lbh~rm()nic of the DSBSC su~pr~ssed carrier and is located between the frequency spectra of the audio sum signal and the DSBSC signal; ~rnrlihl~e mod~llAting the stereo pilot subcarrier with the auxiliary data; and frequency mod~ ting the main carrier with the audio sum signal, the m~dlllAt~Pd stereo pilot subcarrier, and the DSBSC signal.
Another method is disclosed for ste.wphollically Il A.~ l h~g a series of slereophonic audio programs comprised of left and right ~hq~mPI~, and auxiliary data, including the steps of providing monophonic intervals spaced between stereophonic audio programs, where the left and right ch~nmPI~ are s~hst~nti~lly equal; ~ l;..g a main carrier at an ~ign~d broadcast station frequency; providing an audio sùm signal represPnting the sum of the left and right ch~nnPl~ of the stereophonic audio programs; providing a double sideband ~u~ essed carrier (DSBSC) signal, where the s.l~pressed carrier is amplitude modlll~t~ by an audio dirr~ encc signal representing the dirr~; e~cc between the left and right ch~nnP1~ of the ~tereophonic audio programs, the frequency of the su~ ssod carrier being such that the frequency spectra of the DSBSC signal is spaced apart from and is above the frequency 2~ ~ PCI/US93/10037 spectra of the audio sum signal; providing during .,l~eophonic tr~ncmic~ionc a stereo pilot subcarrier to be used to dçm~nl~te the DSBSC signal in receiver appar~-lus, where the frequency of the pilot subcarrier is a subharmonic of the DSBSC signal frequency and is Iocated between the frequency spectra of the audio sum signal and the DSBSC signal;
S ~upples~ lg the stereo pilot subcarrier during at least one monophonic interval; providing ,.
during the at least one monophonic interval an auxiliary data subcarrier having a frequency greater than the frequency of the pilot subcarrier and less than or e~ual to the highest frequency of the DSBSC signal spectra; ~mplihldp mod~ ting the auxiliary data subcarrier by the auxiliary data; and frequency mod~ tin~ the main carrier with the audio sum signal, the stereo pilot subcarrier, the DSBSC signal, and the amplitude morl--l~tP~l auxiliary data subcarrier.
Also disclosed is a method of identifying audio broadcast p.u~ u-~ .fl;"g the steps of: providing an audio musical selection; providing a digital message signal representing a text --essage which inrhId~$ the name of the musical section and the name of the artist pelrullllillg the selection; lr~ ;ng the digital message signal and the audio musical program, where the digital message signal is l~h-~ ed ;,~,I,s~ Iy coc~urlt;lll with the ~,.,.~...;~cion of the audio musical selection; receiving the audio musical seIection and the digital --es~,age signal; de~o~ling the digital --~,sa~,e signal into the text message; reproducing the audio selection using audio tr~ncducer means; and displaying the text message substantially cor.eull~lll with the reproduction of the musical selection.
A system for storing, bro~dç~sting, receiving and displaying Iyrics of music subst~nti~lly simultaneously with the broadcast of the audio music itself is also disclosed.
Phrases of Iyrics are broadcast, received and displayed just before or as the phrases of Iyrics occur in the ~c4-..~ h~g music. Further, once a phrase is displayed individual words or lines of the phrase are highli~hted as the particular word or line occurs in the acco.. ~ yi.lg music. Several systems and methorlc for creating the Iyric and timing data nF~ss~. ~ for the bro~dc~cting, display and highlighting of Iyrics is also di~rlosefl~
The system also provides for p~ h~g, broadc~cting~ receiving and displaying supplemPnt~l text provided by advtl Lii~t.:~. The supplemental advertising text is broadcast and displayed sub~ lly cim~lt~neously with the broadcast of a co~ ol ding audio commercial message. This supplemental advertising text can be output to a printer or stored in memory by a user for later reference.
These and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become aplJalelll from a reading of the specification when taken in conjunclion with the drawings on which like rt;l~ e numerals refer to like elements in the several figures.

~O 94/1~761 _ 21 ~ 6 8 7 8 PCI/US93/10037 Brief D~, ;ulion of the D. ,.~
FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of an FM stereo LIA~ system constructed in accordance with the invention showing pulse Amrlitllde mndnlAtion of the stereo pilot subcarrier to broadcast auxiliary digital data in a~ hi~n to audio prograrn material;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the frequency spectra and relative modnl~tion levels of the main station carrier in response to the various signals tr~n~mitt~d by the trAn~mht~r of FIG. 1 within the broadcast channel of an FM stereo broadcast station in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention, FIG. 3 is a graph sh~Jwillg the pulse ~mplit~lde mod-llAtion of the stereo pilot carrier in the time domain when used to ~ iL auxiliary digital data in accol-lance with the first embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram of an FM stereo receiver constructed in accordance with the invention for receiving, displaying, storing and recalling the auxiliary digital data LIA~ Çd by the tr~n~mitt~r pf FIG. l;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the frequency spectra and relative modulation levels of the main station carrier in response to the carrier signals tr~n.cmittçd by the trAn~mitt~r of FIG. l within the broadcast channel of an FM stereo broadcast station in accordance with a second embodiment of the invelllioll which transmits auxiliary digital data during periods of Illonophonic audio L~ g...;g~ic)n;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the pulse amplitude mo-llllAtion of the stereo pilot carrier in the time domain when used to ~ lniL auxiliary digital data in accordance with the second embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram showing a mo-lificAtion of the L~A~ Of FIG. 1 to pulse amplitude modulate a 38 kHz au~ciliary data subcarrier to L.~llli~ auxiliary digital data during Illol~hol-ic audio tr~n~mi~s;~n;
FIG. 8 is a functional block diagram showing a modifi~Ation of the receive. of FIG. 4 to dçmodlll~te the auxiliary data subcarrier ~.A~-~...illçd using the mo~iifi~tiQn of FIG. 7; and FIG. 9 is a functional block diagram showing the use of a compact disc player and a digital processor for a.ltollldlically providing the auxiliary digital data signal for I A-.~ ion by the trAncmitt~r of FIG. l, where the data signal represents the title, artist and album corresponding to the musical selection being played by the player.
FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a system for broA~c~ting Iyric il.ro.llla~ion corresponding to music being broadcast ~imllltAn~usly.
FIG. 11 is an external view of a Iyric eceiver and display unit.
FIG. 12 is a block sçh~omAtic of a Iyric receiver and display unit.
FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a system for creating files that store both Iyrics and Iyric timing data.

W094/10761 2,~46878 -8- PCI/US93/10037 FIG. 14 is a depiction of the prior art method of co~ ing commercial l-,essages to a form useful to radio stations.
FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing a system for emhe~1in~ digital data that supplements coulu,ercial messages onto tape cartridges used by radio stations to store the main commercial messages.
FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing a system for decoding and bro~lc~cting the digital data embedded onto a tape cartridge accordi..g to the system of FIG. i5.

Briçf D~ l;u.- of the Preferred El..boJ~ Q~
Several prior art systems have been developed for use with co--~ ional FM stere broadcast systems for the l.d~ C;~n and reception of data (here.llarLel referred to as auxiliary data) which is not a part of the regularly broadcast ;,L~phonic audio prug~allls.
In general, these systems employ one or more subcarriers which are L~ d in a subcarrier band (generally referred to as the SCA band) which lies above the 53 kHz portion of the station bandwidth allocated to the L~ "i~iQn of couve -Lional stereo audio signals.
A variety of tel~hniqu~Ps are used to modulate these subcarriers to ~ ",il auxiliary data which may be in the form of additional audio programs, or special annolln~pmpnt~ such as traffic conditions.
Examples of the above described systems are ~ closed in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,949,401;
4,435,843; 4,450,589 and 4,584,708, all ~c~ignP~ to Blaupunkt-Werke GmbH; and U.S.
Patent Nos. 4,252,995; 4,393,273; and 4,538,285, all ~ignP~d to U.S. Philips Corporation.
One d,awl,ack in these prior art auxiliary data L.~."~l"i~sion systems is that by using the SCA band for such use, they preclude the broadcast station from using that band for other uses such as the broadcast of bac~groul-d music, foreign lan~.lagP~, fin~n~i~l data, and the like, all of which can provide s~ st~nti~l ~d(iition~l income to the station. Further, the use of this band poses s~lb~ t~hnic~l problems due to the low frequency mo~lnl~tion limits imposed for this band by FCC regulations, and due to the relatively high FM moclnl~tiQn freq~lçn~iP~ required to operate in this band. These limitations result in a low signal-to-noise ratio, le4ui,h,g complicated and expensive mo~lnl~ti~n and noise rednctiQn CiL~uilly. As shown below, the present invention ov~col-,es these problems by using the stereo audio portion of the station broadcast band for tr~n~mi~iiorl of the auxiliary data.
Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown a filnction~l block diagram of an PM stereo lPr system 10 constructed in accordance with the te~clling~ of the invention. Left and right channel audio signals from a sLereophonic audio source (such as a compact disc player or microphone) are provided on lines 12 and 14 to pre-emph~ nelwol~ 16 and 18, respectively. These networks add pre-emphasis and limit signal bandwidth to 50 Hz -1~ kHz.

~O 94/10761 21 4 6 8 7 8 PCT/US93/10037 g The signal from the ll~wu.L 16 is provided to an input termin~l of adders 20 and 22 (which form part of a matrix network), while the signal from the network 18 is provided to an input terminal of adder 20 and, through an inverter 24, to an input terminal of adder 22.
The signal from the adder 20, representing a l..or.a.lral signal in the form of the sum (L+R) of the left and right audio l~h~nnPle is provided on line 25 to an input tPrmin~l of a linear combining network 26 through a delay network 28. The signal from the adder 22, re~Lese~ .g the dirÇere -ce ~-R) of the left and right audio ch~nnPl~, is provided to the input ~....i..~l of a balanced mod~ tor 30. The output signal from the modulator 30 which, as desl,.;bed below, is in the form of a double sideband ~-lpl essed carrier (DSBSC) signal, is provided on line 31 to a second input le----i~-al of the co.l.l,hling nelwo.L 26.
A 19 kHz os~ tor 32 provides a 19 kHz stereo pilot signal on line 34 to a phase locked loop (PLL) circuit 36 which uses the pilot signal to generate a phase ~y--ch-onized 38 kHz signal on line 38. The signal on line 38 is provided as a carrier signal to the mnc~ tor 30 which, in a well known,manner, gt;lleld~es the DSBSC signal having a~ p.~sed carrier at 38 kHz which is amplitude modulated by the L-R signal to form upper and lower sideb~n~ls~ each having a 15 kHz bandwidth. Thus, the frequency spectra of the DSBSC signal extends from 23 to 53 kHz. The stereo pilot is used in receiver d~dLdlu~
described below to demodulate the DSBSC signal.
The 19 kHz signal from the oscillator 32 is provided on line 40 to the input terminal of a variable gain ~mplifiPr 42, the output signal of which is provided as a stereo pilot subcarrier on line 44 to a third input terminal of the combining network 26. An optional SCA (snhs~ ry Comm~miç~tif)ns Authorization) signal is provided on line 46 to a fourth input tPrmin~l of the ne~woll. 26. The SCA signal may include bac~loul-d music, foreign language, fin~nri~l data and other generally co,..,llelcial-free pro~l~ul~ g materials which are broadcæt to subscribers having special leceivel~. The SCA band is generally limited to the 59.5 to 74.5 kHz portion of the broadcast channel.
The output signal from the combining network 26 is provided to an FM mo~lnl~tor 48 which is used to frequency modulate a main carrier provided by tr~n~mitter 50 to antenna 52 at the ~ gnPd broadcast station frequency. The combining nelwo.~ 26 is used in part to set the FM mocl~ tion levels produced by the various input signals. In accorda.. ce with the te~hing~ of the invention, the gain settings of the variable gain amplifier 42 also affect the FM modulation levels produced by the 19 kHz stereo pilot subcarrier as described below.
FM broadcast station freq~lPn~ies in the United States are in the band from 88 to 108 MHz. Each station is allocated a 200 kHz wide rh~nnPI, and FM modnl~tion levels of the various broadcast signals are r~re.el.ced as a percent of a 75 kHz frequency deviation, which is defined as the 100%, or ...-,.i.. .~... FM modnl~tion level. He.einarlel, references to FM signal percent mo~ n levels are with respect to this 1009Zo level.

WO 94/1076l 2 1 4 ~ ~7 8 PCI/US93/10037 C~

The portion of the ~ e, system 10 described thus far (excepting the operation of the variable gain amplifier 42) represents a co,lvelllional FM stereo broadcast system well know~ to those skilled in the art. FIG. 2 is a graph showing the &equency spectra and relative FM mo~ tion levels (%) of the main carrier produced by the various signals previously described. The L+R .,.. n~ signal from line 25 of FIG. 1 occupies the 50 Hz to 15 kHz spectra and FM mod~ tPs the main carrier up to a level of about 40%. The 19 kHz stereo pilot subcarrier FM modulates the main carrier at a nominal level of 9%, and is co~l,ained by FCC regulations to the range of 8-10% during stereo broadcasts. The DSBSC signal from the line 31 of FIG. 1 occupies the 23-53 kHz spectra (i:15 kHz about the 38 kHz s.l~plessed carrier), and FM mo~ t~c the main carrier up to a level of about 40% during ~le~eophonic bro~lc~ctc The SCA signal from the line 46 occupies the 59.5 - 74.5 kHz spectra, and FM modulates the main carrier up to a level of about 10%.
R~tnrnin~ to FIG. 1, the following components are added to the co"venlional i system described above to ena,ble the broadcast of auxiliary digital data used to identify musical selections. A data source 54 is provided which produces a signal on line 56 which i~lPntifi~,s a particular sLel~phonic musical sele~lioll provided on lines 12 and 14 for broadcast. The signal on line 56, which is pl.,f.,,dbly a digital signal, is provided to an input lell,li,lal of a code generator 58, the purpose of which is to arrange the input signal into a text message in the form of a pulse code sequçnce where the pulses are of a predetermined ~mplit~ e and frequency.
In response to a start signal appearing on line 60, the code generator 58 provides the pulse code sequ~n~e on line 62 to a gain control input terminal of amplifier 42. The amplifier 42 responds to the gain control signal by varying the amplitude of the 19 kHz signal provided on line 44 to the network 26. In effect, the pulse code s~uen~e on line 62 in conjunction with amplifier 42 provides pulse ~mplitll~e modl-l~tion (PAM) of the broadcast stereo pilot subcarrier.
Prt:Çe,dbly, the text message is broadcast subst~nti~lly concurrent with the broadcast of the musical sPlecti~n which it i(lentifiP-s. The term "~ .s~ ly concurrent" as used herein is meant to include sukst~nti~lly immPAi~tely prior to, during, or s,lb~ ially immPAi~tely after the broadcast of the musical selection. By way of example but not limit~tion, the signal provided on line 56 by the data source 54 includes three items of i~rul"lalion: the title, the name of the pelr~"",i"g artist, and the name of the album co~ onding to the musical selection to be i~lPntified. The g~"ela~(~r 58 a,la"~es this h~ro~ dion into the form of a three-line text message suitable for display on three lines of a digital display which is included in receiver circuits described below.
By way of further example, each of the three items of hlrulllld~ion is allocated24 characters. A six-bit ASCII code may be used to represent the characters, for a total of ~1~6878 ~0 94/10761 PCI/US93/10037 432 ~llA.,.. l~l bits. Adding additional bits for start-of-ll,e~dge (SOM), end-of-message (EOM), carriage return, and error correction codes results in a reyu-rG",G"l for about 500 bits of hlro~ alion to l~l~t.lL the entire mPe~AgP Using pulse ~mr!ihlde modlllAtion of the stereo pilot subcarrier, these 500 bits are trAnemitted by the system 10 using 250 pulse code cycles as follows.
The steady-state gain of the amplifier 42 in the absence of a gain signal on the line 62 is set so that the 19 kHz stereo pilot signal on the line 44 FM mod~ ps the main carrier at a 9% mo~lnl~tion level. In response to the start signal on the line 60, the gGIlGlaLor 58 provides a sequPn~e of pulses on the line 62 which lG~Jr~e.~l the message co,.~onding to the data from the source 54. The pulse sequçn~e pl~,f~,.ably begins with an SOM code word, and ends with an EOM code word. The pulses, which are pr~,f~,.dl)ly in the form of binary ones and zeros, act to vary the gain of the ~mrlifi~Pr 42, and thus the amplitude of the signal 44, whereby the stereo pilot signal FM modulates the main carrier in the range of 8 to 10%
in response to these pulses. This modlll~t~ion envelope is shown in the frequency spectra by dotted line 64 in FIG. 2, and is shown in the time domain by the graph of FIG. 3.
In FIG. 3, the amplitude of the stereo pilot signal is shown as decredsing from a 9%
FM modlll~fion level to 8% in r~onse to a pulse on the line 62 repre~eenting a binary zero, and increasing to a 10% level in re~onse to a pulse on the line 62 reprP-ePnting a binary one.
Accordingly, the pulses act to amplitude modlllAte the stereo pilot by an amount of about 11%
AM modnlAtion. The repetition rate at which the pulse sequence is provided on the line 62 is determined in part by the timing relationship between the broadcæt of a musical selection and the broadcæt of the message idenLiryillg that selection, æ follows.
It is presumed that the broadcæt station llal~llliL~ a plurality of sl~ ,honic musical selections which are separated from each other by an interval of silence of about one second or more, or are s~A~ d by audio al---o~ ce~ of much longer ~lul~lion. The duration of most musical selections is generally one minute or more.
One protocol for broadcA~ti~ the digital message is to transmit it during the time the co--es~onding musical selection is being tr~n~mittP~l, where the message trAn~mission begins at about the same time æ the musical selection LIA..~...;;,~ion begins. Using this protocol, it is desirable to .. i.. ;.. i,e the AM mo~ tion frequency of the stereo pilot signal to avoid AM.~i~ebAn~l disturbance to receiver circuits (described below) which use that signal to demodulate the L-R signal. This can be accomplished by llA~ g the message at a low data rate over an interval of, for example, 25 seconds. This interval is s~ffi~iently short to permit the entire -.essage to be LlA,~.. illed before the end of the musical selection which it

3~ i-lPntifies. The 25 second interval yields a pulse rate of 10 Hz to transmit the 2~0 pulse cycles co~ g the message. It is envisioned that this low frequency will not i.llelrere with col,velllional rPceive~ operation relating to :,l~pho~ic signal rereption WO 94/10761 ~ ~6~ 12- PCr/US93/10037--Another protocol for broadcActing the digital message is to llal~llliL it during the interval of silence imm~iAtely preceding or following the musical selection to be identified.
Using this protocol, it is envisioned that the message would be t~ d within a~pfo~ A1ely one second. A higher ..lessage Ll ...~ ;on dâta rate can be used during this interval of silence because minor di;~Lulbdllces in the demodl~latiQn run~ liOIl of the stereo pilot signal in the receiver can be tolerated due to the fact that no audio signals are being received.
From FIG. 2, it will be seen that the stereo pilot is s~àLed from the audio signals by a 4 kHz band, and it is desirable to keep the stereo pilot AM sideban~lc well within this band between the L+R and L-R signal spectra to avoid :~)UliUUS tone generation in the receiver. Acco~hlgly, a pulse fe~)eliliull rate of, for example, 1 kHz may be chosen to !.,.I.c...i~ the digital message in 250 milli~econtlc which is well within the interval of silence.
Referring now to FIG. 4, there is shown a receiver system 70 which may be used to receive the slereol)honic audio broadcasts as well as the digital message signals Ll:AI.~...ill~d by the IlA~ e~ system 10. The system ? includes conventional RF amplifiers, converter, IF amplifiers and limiter, (all shown in block 72) for receiving FM signals via antenna 73 in a s~dald FM receiver. The output signal from the block 72 is provided to an FM detector 74, the output of which is provided to filters 76, 78, and 80. The filter 76 is a 50 Hz -15 kHz low pass filter for c~lacling the molla.llal L+R signal from the received composite signal. The L+R signal is provided to an input terminal of a matrix and de-emph~cic ~c~w~l~ 82.
The filter 78 is a 23-53 kHz ~ ..5c~ filter for c,~llaeLillg the DSBSC L-R signal from the leceived composite signal. The L-R signal is provided on line 83 to a signal input ~erminAl of an AM detector 84. The filter 80 is a 19 kHz b~ ~lp5c~ filter for c.~lldcLillg the stereo pilot signal from the received composite signal. The pilot signal is provided on line 86 to a phase locked loop ~LL) 88. In response thereto, the PLL 88 provides a 38 kHz signal which is synchluni~ed to the phase of the pilot signal.
This 38 kHz signal is provided to a carrier input terminal of the AM detector 84. The output signal from the detector 84 is provided, through low pass filter 90 to another input terrninAl of the network 82. Output signals from the network 82 are provided to left and right channel audio amplifiers 92 and 94, respectively. Output signals from the amplifiers 92,94 are used to drive audio tr~n.cd~ rs, which may be in the form of loudspeakers 96 and 98, respectfully.
A control panel 100 is provided which includes a variety of user operated controls inr~ ling digital tuning controls. An up/down tuning switch 102 is used to change the tuning frequency of the leceivel by providing a tuning signal on line 104 which is used to control the RF and cc~-,veller circuits in the block 72 in the well known manner of a superheterodyne 21~6878 ~O 94/10761 PCT/US93/10037 receiver. The switch 102 enables the user to scan up or down the FM band to select a desired broadcast station frequency.
The frequency to which the receiver is tuned is shown on a display 106 (which may be of the liquid crystal type) by providing a suitable frequency in(li~ting signal on line 108 to an input te~ of display control, coding and storage circuits 110. The circuits 110 are used to code thç inr~min,~ signals into display chala~Lel~, and to store those chalac~ until they are replaced by new ones in response to a change in the inf~omin~ signal. The stored .haiàcLe,~ are provided to the display 106 on bus 112. The display in FIG. 4 shows the ~cceiv~l tuned to 104.7 MHz.
In addition to the switch 102, the panel 100 inch~dps a plurality of switches 114 (labeled 1 through 5 in the figure) which are used in colljul.c~ion with a memory switch 116 to store often used station frequPnciP-c Storage is accomplished by tuning the receiver to the decired frequency using the switch 102, prcs~ing the memory switch 116, and then pressing one of the switches 114. These steps act, to store the tuned frequency in a storage location corresponding to the particular switch 114 actn~tPd. Future actuation of the switches 114 acts to recall the previously stored station frequency, which is displayed on the display 106 and used to tune the receivel 70.
The operation of the rcceiver circuits described thus far for the reception of stereophonic audio signals is as follows. The lc~;eiv~ is tuned to the desired station frequency using the switches 102 or 114 as described above. The received signal is processed by the circuits 72 and 74, and separated by the filters 76, 78 and 80 into the L+R, L-R and stereo pilot signals, respectively. The stereo pilot signal is used to recol~L.~Ict the 38 kHz subcarrier, which is used by the AM detector 84 to d~modul~te the L-R signal. The L+R
and L-R audio signals are combined by the matrix r,elwu.~ 82 to forrn left and right audio signals on lines 89 and 91, which are amplified and reproduced by the elements 92, 94, 96 and 98 to produce stereophonic sound. The presence of the stereo pilot signal may be used to ill-..,.il. le a stereo indicator light (not shown).
If the broadcast station is l,~ ",;~ g l,-onul)ho,lically, the stereo pilot signal is generally not l~ ed In this event, the stereo indicator is extinguished, nû L-R signal is present, and the matrix nelwoll~ 82 provides the monophonic L+R signal to the amplifiers and speakers to reproduce ",onophonic sound.
The receiver system 70 also receives and processes the auxiliary data (in the form of a digital message signal) ~ ...;ll~l by the system 10 as described above to identify musical selections broadcast and reproduced ~--I,~l;~"l;~lly concurrently therewith. This is accomplished by an amplitude cl~mnd~ tor 118 which receives at its input termin~l from the filter 80 the stereo pilot signal, which is pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) with the digital l.lessage signal. The bandwidth of the filter 80 is set sufficiently wide to accommodate the WO 94/10761 2 ~. 4 ~ 87 8 PCr/US93/10037 ~

PAM sideb~n-lc, which may typically range from 10 Hz to 1 kHz, depending on the procedure used in broadc~cting the message, as described above. Alternatively, a separate 19 kHz b~h~ cc filter (not shown) may be employed between the detector 74 and the demrr~ tcr 118, if it is desired to ~..,.;~.l~in a very narrow bandwidth for the filter 80 in connection with the operation of the PLL 88.
The d~modlll~tor 118 may be configured in a variety of ways, one example of which is shown in Figure 4.2.23 of the textbook entitled "Digital Comml~nirations", written by John G. Proakis, McGraw-Hill, 1983. The output signal from the demodlll~tor 118, which cont~in.C the pulse Se~lenr,e Ie~ ~ing the digital message, is provided on line 119 to a data input lG~ al of a digital processor 120, which is pIerGldl~ly in the form of a microprocecsor.
A non-volatile random access IIlGIIIOl~ 122 is also co,me~;Ied to the processor 120 via bus 124. The IlIGIII~ 122 is of the type which retains data stored therein even upon removal of power from the [~....;llil.g receiver circuits, using any of a plurality of well known terhniquçs.
Upon receipt of an SOM code word on the line 119, the processor 120 begins storing the message in a leIll~lol~ storage area which may be a part of the processor 120. This area is labeled leI~o~ because subseqnent received messages are ...llc"-a~ically stored therein in place of previously received messages, as described below. Upon receipt of an EOM code word on the line 119, the processor 120 providec the message, co~IGc~Gd for errorc using suitable error correction terhniq~es, to the display 106 via a display output terminal and bus 126.
The display 106 is configured with four display lines. One line is used as described above to display tuning frequency in response to data from the circuits 110, which are p-GÇGrdbly included as part of the processor 120. The additional three display lines are used to display the musical selection title, artist and album, respectively, in response to the signals on the bus 126. Upon receipt of a s~lbsequent SOM code word, the processor 120 clears the leIlllJo~aly storage area and the three lines of the display, ~GmpoIdlily stores the new message in place of the previous message, and upon receipt of an EOM code word, displays that new message. Alternatively, incoming messages may be displayed as they are being received, as opposed to being displayed after they are received.
From the above description, it may be seen that the receiver system 70 displays to the user a l~Icssage idG~iryil.g a musical selection broadcast and reproduced by the speakers 96,98 substantially concurrent therewith. Further, the system 10 used to IIar~lllil the message is coIlll~alil)le with existing FM stereo receivers in that it does not dishurb the reception and processing of the ~t;ieophonic audio signals. This is so because such receivers are, for the most part, in~Pn~itive to the ~mplih~de mod~ tion of the stereo pilot signal within the limits described above. For example, while the PLL 88 uses the phase h~rol~ldlion from the ~o 94/10761 2 1 ~ 6 8 7 8 PCI/US93/10037 received stereo pilotto reco~ ,lethe 38 kHz carrier, it is relativelyunaffected by amplitude changes in the pilot signal.
One limit~tion in the system 70 described above is that the user must observe the display 106 during the reception of the musical selection ~soci~t~l the~ in order to note the identifying h,rol--.~ion. First, this limit~tiQn poses a problem in automobile radios, where such action disrupts the drivers attention. Second, this limit~tion requires that the user remember or note in writing the identifying inrulll~aLion if the h~le-.lion is to purchase at a later time the album cont~ining that selection.
This limit~tion is overco"le in the present invention by providing a fixed storage function for storing selected .. cssages for recall at a later time in lc~ponse to user action.
Thus, a SAVE button 128 is provided on the control panel 100, the ~ tion of which provides a store signal to an input le, ...i..~l of the controller 120 via line 130. In response to this signal, the controller 120 acts to store the displayed message in a non-volatile portion of the memory 122 for later recall by t4e user. Multiple messages may be saved in this manner by combining the function of the switch 128 with the switches 114 as follows.
In order to save a message, the user actuates the SAVE switch 128 followed by one of the switches 114 used for storing and recalling station frequen~iPs, as described above.
Using this se~luPn~e of switch ~ tion~, the processor 120 receives a select signal on line 132 representing a particular one of the switches 114 thus aCtll~tf'd, in ad-~ition to the store signal on the line 130. In r~onse thereto, the processor 120 stores the displayed message in a lllellloly location whose address correlates with the particular switch 114 ~ct.~te~
Thus, in the configuration shown, up to five separate ,nessages may be stored by the user in separate locations in the memory 122. More messages may be acco"""odated by providing additional switches 114 on the panel 100. To recall a particular message at a later time, the user actuates a RECALL switch 136 provided on the panel 100, followed by the actuation of one of the switches 114. This action causes the processor 120, in response to a recall signal provided on line 136, and a select signal on line 132, to recall the selected message previously stored in the memory 122, and to display that message on the display 106.
Such stored messages may be repeatedly recalled until deleted by the user. Deletion is accomplished by actuation a delete switch 138 provided on the panel 100, followed by - actuation of one of the switches 114. This action causes the processor 120, in response to a delete signal provided on line 140 and a select signal on line 132, to delete from the memory 122 the selected message.
Indicator lights 142 may be provided on the panel 100 adja~ent each switch 114 to indicate which switch locations have l"essages stored in conjunction therewith. Thus, the user can see which locations are free for storage of additional messages. The lights 142 are WO 94/10761 ~687 8 PCr/US93/10037 controlled by the processor 120 via line 133. Further, an audio tone can be provided by the processor 120 to alert the user in the event a location is chosen for storage of a new message and that location already contains a previously stored Illcssage. In response to that tone, the user can select another location, or delete the previously stored message from that location.
This procedure Pli.. ;~ s the acci~Pnt~l deletion of a previously stored message. The use of an audio tone also el;...;..~es the need for the user to look at the display panel prior to storing Ill~sa~. A suitable switching arrangement (not shown) can be implem~Pnted to SuypL~S the display of incoming messages during the time when previously stored messages are being recalled.
It will be a~)~r~;a~d that the features described above elimin~te the need for the user to memorize or note in writing messages of interest. They can be selected and stored, and then recalled and displayed at a later time such as just prior to purchase of the album. There are occ~ic~, however, when upon later recall of a message, the user can no longer remember the melody and/or Iyrics of the musical selection associated with that message.
This is particularly true when a plurality of messages have been stored.
To overcome this problem, the system 70 includes a~palaLus for storing a portion of the musical selection along with the message identifying th$ selection. Referring to FIG. 4, an analog to digital (A/D) converter 144 is provided having an input t~rmin~l c~mP~ted to, for example, line 91 to receive audio signals from one ~eft or right) of the sLereophonic ch~nmPl~ provided by the network 82. A digital output signal representing the received audio prograrn is provided by A/D converter 144 on line 146 to a music input terminal of the processor 120. A digital to analog (D/A) c~,l-veller 148 is provided having an input terrninal connected via line 150 to a music output terminal of the processor 120, and having an analog output signal terminal c4ln~ ed via line 152 to a second audio input lellllillal of the amplifier 94.
The operation of this portion of the system 70 is as follows. Upon list~Pning to a musical selection reproduced by the system 70, if the listener desires to save inrolllld~ion con~Prning that selection, the switches 128 and 114 are actuated as described above. In response thereto, the processor s~bst~nti~lly imm~li~tely begins storing in the non-volatile portion of the I~ lloly 122 the digital signals received on line 146 from converter 144, and continues the storage of such signals for a predetP-rnined interval of time, for example, ten seconds. The processor also stores in an associated portion of the Illellloly 122 the Illessagc co,l~ondillg to that musical selection. As stated above, the digital signals on the line 146 are a representation of the audio selection being broadcast. It has been found that ten seconds is generally a sllffisi~nt interval of time to enable the user to identify the 1yrics andlor the melody of most musical selections.

~ 94/10761 21 ~ 6 8 7 8 PCr/US93/10037 Upon recall of the stored h~~ alion using switches 136 and 114, the processor 120 provides the stored message to the display 106 and suhst~nti~lly simlllt~n~ously provides the digital signals previously stored from the converter 144 to the input termin~l of the collvt;-ler 148 on the line 150. The collv~llt;l 148 ~ll~e.~ these signals to an analog signal representing ten seconds of the musical selection, which are arnplified by the amplifier 94 and reproduced by the speaker 98. In this manner, the user is able to recall both a portion of the musical selection and the Illessage identifying that selection. Multiple such selections/messages may be stored, recalled and deleted using the switches 128, 136, and 138 in conjunction with the plurality of switches 114 as described above. A suitable switching alld~gellleuL (not shown) can be implem~nt~d to su~p~ess the audio reproduction of received signals from the network 82 during the playback of the stored audio signals from the processor 120.
Three protocols were ~ cllcce~ in coll-,e~tioll with the tr~ncmht~r system 10 relating to the timing of the broadcast of messages with respect to the broadcast of the musical selections associated therewith. These protocols included the broadcast of the message during, prior to, and sl~bsequent to the broadcast of the ~csoci~t~d musical selection. It is pL~ulued that when the lu~ssd~5~, is broadcast during the broadcact of t~he musical selection, the broadcast of the ~essdge begins s~ y at the begi~.ing of the broadcast of the musical selection it identifies. The manner in which the receiver system 70 associates and stores received messages in conjunction with musical selections is related to the particular protocol selected for use with the l"..,c...illt" system 10, as follows.
If the selected protocol is one where the message is broadcast prior to the broadcast of the associated musical selection, the processor 120 is configured to store the message colllailled in the tl~ )Ol~U~ storage area, along with the portion of the selected musical selection.
If the selected protocol is one where the Illcssage is broadcast during the broadcast of the associated musical selection, the processor 120 is configured such that it stores the portion of the selected musical selection, and scans the t~ Jolaly storage area for an EOM code.
If one is found, this in~lic~tec that the desired message has been received in its entirety (recall that the processor 120 clears the ~ellllJoldl~ storage area upon receipt of an SOM code), and that message is stored in non-volatile memory in association with the stored musical selection.
- If no EOM code is found, the processor waits until such a code is received, and then stores that ll.CSSd~ e in non-volatile lllt;lllOl~r in association with the stored musical selection.
If the selected protocol is one where the message is broadcast after the broadcast of the associated musical selection, the processor 120 is collrl~.lled such that it clears the lelllpolal ~ storage area prior to storing the portion of the selected musical selection, and then scans that storage area for a newly received EOM code. When that code is received, the 2~ 4~;8~ ~ -18-message stored in the lel~lpfJ~ area is stored in the non-volatile area in association with the stored musical selection.
While a first embodiment of the invention has been licrlos~Pd modifi~tions and a~iitionc of the invention has been llicrlos~Pd mo~ific~tio~c and additions can be made to S provide ~1Aition~l features. A second emhoflim~Pnt of the i,-~nlion is provided in which the auxiliary data in the form of a digital text ll.e~sage is ll~ d during periods of nophonic audio ~ ;on to enable the use of higher levels of mod~ tion for the ;on of such data.
As described above, the broadcast station llal~uli~ a plurality of sle,eophonic musical s~Pl~p~ionc which are se;~,a-~ed from each other by an interval of silence of about one second or more, or are s~ ed by audio ~n.o....~ of much longer d~lr~tioTI. In this second embodiment, the broadcast mode during the intervals of silence or audio ~-mollnr~PmPnt~ is collv~;~led to ~ nophonic ~ on as follows, where it is pr~.l..,ed for the purpose of example that the message broadcast protocol used is that of bro~ ctir~ the ll.~sage just prior to the ~ccoci ~hPd musical sclf~Liun.
Retvrnin~ to FIG. 1, the start signal for i..~ilvl;~ the l,~ ;on of the auxiliary data is provided on the line 60 during the interval of silence or audio ~m~ ..l just prior to the sl~ophonic broadcast of the musical selection id-pnt~ pd by that data. That start signal is also provided on line 154 to actuate a switch 156 which acts to connect together the left and right audio input lines 12 and 14. The effect of this CO~ f~ n is to convert the signals from the audio source to the l,-onophonic signal, where the left and right rh~nnP1~ are equal.
In the case where the interval prior to the broadcast of the musical sPlection inrlvd~ps an audio ~o....- ~ .e-.l the audio source may be a micro~,holle or pre-recorde,d source. In the case where the interval is one of silence, there is no signal on the lines 12 and 14, and the switch 156 may additionally ground these two lines using line 158, to ensure null signals on these audio lines.
It will be a~pr~;dled that setting the signals on the lines 12 and 14 equal to each other reduces the L-R signal from the adder 22 (and hence the DSBSC signal on the line 31) to zero. Accoldi~ly, the stereo pilot signal on the line 40 is not needed for purposes of ,ece;vel stereo demod~ ion during this interval. As a result, both the vnmod~ tPd ~mplih~de and the level of AM modulation of the stereo pilot carrier may be iu~;leased over those levels used during sler~pho..ic l~ io n For ~Y~mple, the amplitude of the lmmod~ tpd pilot can be i~ eased by amplifier 42 to a value where it FM modlll~t~s the main carrier at a 20% level as opposed to the 99 i level used during stereo broadcast. Fur~er, the level of AM m~X~ til)n of the pilot can be increased to say, ~0% of the pilot signal (corresponding to an FM modul~tio~ range of 10 ~O 94/10761 _ 21 ~ 68 78 PCr/US93/10037 to 30% of the main carrier), as opposed to the 11% level (co.lc~ondillg to an FM mod~ tion range of 8 to 10% of the main carrier) used during stereo broadcast.
The effects of these changes during IllOllOphOl iC bro~lr~cting are shown in thefrequency ~l,e~llul., by the graph of FIG. 5, which may be ~"-pd~cd to FIG. 2. Note the absence of the DSBSC signal, and the h~credse in ~mr1ih-de and FM mod1lla~iQn levels (line 168) of the stereo pilot s~c~,ier. These stereo pilot signal m~lll finn effects are shown in the time domain by the graph of FIG. 6, which may be compared to FIG. 3. These changes are accomrlieh~d by providing a steady state bias signal on the line 62 which boosts the nnmo~ at~d pilot subcarrier ~mplihJde to the desired level during l"onophonic operation, 10 and providing the pulses rc~.~se.~ling the digital ",cssage in - rr; ;, -1 amrlh~de to provide the desired AM mo~11ll^~iQn level of the pilot. The result of these changes is to provide a much higher signal-to-noise level in the l,~ ...;scion of the auxiliary data, as cu,-,pared to the first embodiment. These changes do not ad~e.bcly affect the operation of conventional FM stereo .cccive,~, since the stereo pilot is not used or r~ui,cd for reception of monophonic broa~ ct~.
While particular ~mrli~ude and m~~ tion levels have been d~,;bed in relation to the stereo pilot in this configuration, it is c~ .d that other levels may be used as well.
For example, the unmodlll~tçd level of the stereo pilot could be further il~credscd to effect a 30% FM mo~dnl^~il?n level of the main carrier, and the AM ,-,oJul~ion level may be in~cdsed up to 100% of the pilot signal.
At the comr1etion of the broadcast of the auxiliary data, which occurs within the ",onophollic interval, the start signal is removed, and the ~ .Ccion reverts back to ~le~cophonic, whereby the musical selection is broadcast. This same lv~ .,e can be used with the protocol where the .~ ~e is b,uadc~. in the interval following the musical s~lection which it id~ntifi~s~
In a motlific~tion of this embor1im~ont~ ~uAi~ data is again broadcast during ,-,ono~hollic Lla ~ ;C~;nn intervals, but the stereo pilot s~bc~ r is not used for this purpose.
Instead, the 38 kHz subcarrier gen~ ed by the PLL 38 is l-r~ ~l in place of the stereo pilot (the I ~A~...;.c~;on of which is su~lesscd), and its AM mo~lulAted with the auxiliary data.
FIG. 7 shows the mo~lifirqtiQns to the system 10 to acc4~ ich this objective. The start signal on the line 60 in FIG. 1 is used as described above to start the pulse code generation - by the generqtor 58 and to actuate the switch 156 to set the audio ~ k 12 and 14 equal to each other. In ~q,dtlition, this signal is used to control switches 160 and 162 in FIG. 7 as follows.
The switch 160 is a~lqtPd to divert the 38 I~Hz carrier from the mo(llllAtor 30 to the input l~ ;nAI of the qmplifil~r 42 via the line 40. The switch 162 is a~lAtçd to dicconnect the stereo pilot signal from the network 26. In this configuration, the stereo pilot is not WO 94/10761 PCI/US93/10037 ~
214~87 8 -20-broadcast, and the DSBSC signal on the line 31 is a null signal as a result of the ~tllAt;On of the switch 156. The 38 kHz signal on the line 40 is AM modulated by the amplifier 42 in response to the signal from the genela~r 58 on the line 62, and the resultant signal is provided via the line 44 to the network 26 from where it is used as a ;,..b.,~r;er to FM modulate the main carrier.
The dotted line 164 in FIG. 5 shows ~e presence of the 38 kHz subcarrier in the frequency spectrum of the main carrier during monophonic broa~cActin~, while the stereo pilot subcarrier ~ine 168) would not be present during this time. Since the 38 kHz subcarrier is not needed as a ~ plessed carrier for the DSBSC signal during l"onupllonic bro~dcA~ts, it may be broadcast in place of the stereo pilot subcarrier, which is ~ ,ressed, and its amplitude and AM ms)d~ tion levels may be set over a wide range of the signals from the generator 58 in conjun~tion with the amplifier 42 to broadcast the auxiliary data at high signal-to-noise levels. Thus the unmodulated level of the 38 kHz subcarrier may be set, for example, to a 20 to 40% FM morllllAt~iQn level of the main carrier, and may be AM
modulated up to a level of 100%.
FIG. 8 shows the mntlifis~tiQns to the receiver system 70 of FIG. 4 to receive and dçmo~ te the 38 kHz carrier. The output signal on the line 83 from the filter 78 is provided to an AM demodulator 170 which is used in place of, and may be similar in construction to the modlllAtor 118, but which also includes a disable signal input terminal which is connected to the line 86 to receive the stereo pilot signal as a disable signal. The output signal from the demodulator 170, which represents the pulse code sequence for the digital message, is provided to the data input terminal of the processor 120 on the line 119.
During monophonic operation, the absence of the stereo pilot signal disables theDSBSC detector 84, and enables the demodulator 170. Accordingly, no spurious audio signals are reproduced by the speakers 96 and 98 in response to the presence of the 38 kHz subcarrier, which is demodulated by the circuit 170, and the resultant message data is provided to the processor 120. This me~h~ni7Ation also does not disturb the operation of col,vel,lional FM stereo receivers, since the absence of the stereo pilot during ,.,ollophonic operation also operates to disable the DSBSC detector 84 in these units.
While the above-described system uses a 38 kHz subcarrier in place of the stereo pilot to broadcast the auxiliary data during monophonic L.A~ ion, it is envisioned that other subcarrier frequçn~i~s in the spe tra above the frequency of the stereo pilot (19 kHz) and eYtPn~in~ to and inclurling the upper frequency of the DSBSC signal (53 kHz) may be used as well. Further, other amplitude modulation teçhniquçs may be employed to AM mod~ tP~
the 38 kHz subcarrier, other than PAM m~d~ tion- For example, tone morllllAtion tççhniquçs may be employed where the pulses from the code generator 58 mndnl~tP, a tone 94/10761 ~ PCr/US93/10037 signal which in turn AM modnl~tPs the subcarrier. Such terhniqll~Ps may be employed to decrease the response time of the circuits used in the AM demodulator 170.
A system for imple~.-P~ g the functions of the data source block 54 and the code~ ~;I-e.dt~r block 58 in FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. 9. As described above, the block 54 is used to provide a digital signal which contains the musical selection identifying data, ple~lal)ly in the form of the title, artist and album name relating to that selection. In FIG. 9, there is shown a co~ .a~ l disc (CD) player 172 used as the source of the ~Lereophonic audio signals provided on the lines 12 and 14 to the tr~ncmittPr system 10. Thus a stereo music selection is broadcast by inserting a particular CD in the player 172, and selecting a particular track to be played.
The majority of col..p~ discs contain ~iigiti7Pd data corresponding to an album of musical selections performed by a particular artist or artists. Each of the selections is provided on a separate track, which is selected by number. The colllpac~ disc contains sub-tracks c~ ;..illg additional data such æ th,e total number of tracks, and the time duration of each selection. Many CDs also contain a disc identific~tion number, which can be thought of æ an album code, and which can be used to uniquely identify that disc from other discs.
The player 172 provides s~ale output digital signals on the lines 174 and 176 which contain the track number selected, and the disc ir~Pntifir~tion data, respectively. These signals are provided to input terminals of a digital processor 178, which may be in the form of a mini-colll~ l, to which is connected a memory storage device 180 which may be in the form of a floppy or hard disk. Stored in ~is memory device is a table which lists the album ~ Pntifir~ti-)n codes for a plurality of CDs, along with the name of the album and the pel~lll,ing artist. Also stored in this table are the track numbers for each disc, and the name of the selection corresponding to that track. It is envisioned that the data in this table will be updated periodically æ new CDs are released.
In response to the signals on the lines 174 and 176, the processor 178 provides a look-up filnrtion using the data in the stored table to determinP the album name, artist name and musical selection title to be broadcast. This data is combined with suitable SOM, EOM and error COll~;~illg codes, which are assembled into the desired pulse code sequRnre and amplitudes to be provided to control the gain of the amplifier 42. In r~onse to the start signal on the line 60 (also provided to the processor 178), the pulse code sequPnre is provided on the line 62 to the amplifier 42.
Another embodiment, shown in FIG. 10, is a system that bro~dr~ct~ Iyrics hl~l",dLion - along with audio music. In co"v~"~ional FM bro~lr~cting systems, the music is taken from a source such as a CD player 150 which produces an analog audio signal. The audio signal is pæsed through a matrix network 1~1, such æ the one shown in FIG. 1, and broadcæt by an FM l,,..,~",ill~Pr 1~2. The FM signal ~ laled by the tr~n~mitt~Rr is received by an FM

W094/10761 2i46878 -22- PCI/U593/10037 receiver 154 which, when it is tuned to the frequency of the tl~ CO~ the FM signal into signals that drive loudspeakers 156, reproducing the music that originally was produced by the CD player.
In the system shown in FIG. 10, data regarding the music selection being played by S the CD player is output to a co~ uLer 158. This data inrludç~ an identific~tion number that ~ PntifiP,s the CD being played, a track number that id-pnti~p-~ the track of the CD that has been selected to be played and a signal that in~1ir~tçs the t~m~e elapsed from the bçginning of the selected track.
~lthough most CD players utilized by radio stations are able to send CD and track idçntific~tion and elapsed time signals to a co~ ulel, some are not. In these cases the CD
and track i~içntifir~tion numbers can be input manually into the colll~uk~l using the COlll~uleL'S keyboard. The time elapsed signal can be artificially created by the colll~uler itself if the computer is signalled with the time the musical selection begins to be played by the CD
player.
A list of a number of CD and track i(lçntifir~tion numbers can be entered into the coLul,ulel at one time in the order in which the musical selections col.csl)ol~ding to the CD
and track data are to be played by the radio station during a period of time. In such cases, the radio operator would only have to indicate to the colll~uLel when each musical selection started. After a start in-lir~tiQn is rece;~ed by the collll,u~el, the co~ u~el assumes that the next start signal it receives will be for the next CD and track idçntifir~tion numbers on the previously entered list of CD and track iderltifir~tiQn ~l~mber~. Depending on the operation of the radio station, these CD and track data lists could be entered covering the music to be broadcast for periods of full days or longer.
The entry into the culll~,u~er of the start signal could be pelru..llcd manually by a key on the colll~uler being pressed when the musical SPlP,Ction starts. All~.,.d~ively, if the CD
player provides an output that in~iic~tps that the PLAY, PAUSE, CUE or similar button on the CD player has been pressed, this output can be sent to the colll~,u~e- to indicate the start of the musical sçlection Another alternative is to include in the system an audio level meter that detects a rise in the audio level output by the CD player, signifying the start of the musical selection being played by the CD player and sends a signal to the compu~er in~iir,~ting this.
Based on the CD and track idçntific~ion and elapsed time data received, the coll.pu~e.
retrieves Iyrics and Iyric timing data from a mass storage device 160 for the music selection co--ldilled on the selected track of the CD. The CUIII~IUlel sends the Iyrics and Iyric timing data to a s~bc~rier band signal ge.. el~or 162, whose output is combined with the analog audio output from matrix network 1~1 by a linear combining n~lwoll, 164 such as the linear combining network 26 shown in FIG. 1. The output of the linear combining network is then ~0 94/10761 PCI/US93/10037 ecl at the FM frequency of the radio station. The combined audio and subcarrier signal is received by both standard FM radio receivers 154 and by Iyric display units 166.
The operation of the FM radio receivers is not affected by the added subcarrier signal.
The Iyric display unit, on the other hand receives both the main audio radio signal and the S subcarrier signal. The data broadcast over the subcarrier signal is i.. ~ ,r~ed by the Iyric display unit, which displays series of phrases of Iyrics. After the words of eacb phrase of Iyrics are displayed, individual words or lines of words can be highlighteA ~Tighlighting can be accomplished by und~rlinin~, switching back~loulld and roreground colors or shades, using a bouncing ball or any other highlighting method that the display on the Iyric display unit is capable of implemrntin~. The data output by the co---~u~el and ~ l~ over the subcarrier band includes signals that allow the Iyric display unit to hi~hlight individual words or lines in syncllro~ alion with the music that is received by FM leceivt:l~ tuned to the same radio station. The Iyric display unit also includes a port for oul~,uUmg the Iyric ;..I~....~l;on to a printer 168 and an ordu,~ ~ FM lecc;;,ve, that outputs an audio signal to he~dphones 170.
FIG. 11 shows an embodiment of Iyric display unit 166. The Iyric display unit inrludPs two display screens, a Iyrics display screen 172 and a tuning display screen 174.
The Iyric display screen shown is a four line by forty cha~acl~. liquid crystal display (LCD), but could be any suitable display device, including different size LCDs. The Iyric display screen is capable of hi~hlighting certain words or lines shown on the display. Such words or lines can be highlightrd using m~thodc inrl~lding~ but not limited to un(~rlining, displaying in bold, or in inverse (e.g. white on black instead of black on white) and using a "bouncing ball" inrlication The Iyric display unit can be capable of different highlighting methods, which can be selected by the user by pr~ssi..g the underlinr- button 175. The tuning display screen shown is a one line, 40 cllala~ l LCD and could also be any kind of suitable display and can be combined as part of display 172 if desired. The tuning display shows the frequency of the FM station currently tuned, the call letters of that station and can display the name of an advertiser that is sponsoring the bro~lc~ctin~ of the lyrics.
FM stations can be tuned by using the Tune up and down buttons 176. The tuning frequency for any station can be stored by the listener in "preset" memory locations similar to those found in most electronic car radios. A preset .. e -o.~ is set by tuning the station with the tune up and down buttons 176, pressing the station store button 178 and then one of the numbered preset buttons 180. FIG. 11 shows a Iyric display unit with six presets, by way of example, but any number of presets can be provided. The preset station can then be - tuned simply by pressing the preset button that was programmed.
In order to pay for the cost of broa(lc~ting Iyric data, radio stations may sell time on the Iyric display to advertisers. Thus, an advellise. can have a standard audio commercial played over the radio while simlllt~n~usly having critical h.r . .,.~ ion such as the advertiser's 214~87 8 WO 94/10761 ~ PCr/US93/10037 name, phone numbers and addresses displayed on the Iyric display. In order to make the display of this h.rûllllaLion most useful to the listener, the listener may temporarily store advertising hlrulllld1ion in any of the memory locations corresponding to the preset buttons 180. The listener stores, retrieves or deletes advertising h rolllldlion using either the INFO
STORE, INFO RECALL or INFO DELETE buttons followed by one of the six preset buttons 180. The memories used to store advertising hlrolllldtion are distinct from the station preset memories even though the same numbered preset buKons 180 are used in their selection.
When advertising hlrollllalion is stored using the INFO STORE button followed bya preset button, the light emitting diode (LED) above the preset button pressed is illnmin~tç~l, or another visual indicator used, to show that that lllellloly location is occupied. The user is prevented from storing additional advertising i..rul ...~ n in any occupied III~,.IIUl,~ location, i.e. a preset button with its LED ill.~ d. An audible in~ iQn can also be given to inform the user that the memory location is occupied. An occupied lllcllloly location can be cleared by ples~ g the INFO DELETE button followed by the preset button ~oci~ted with the nl~llloly location to be cleared. The LED above the preset button associated with the cleared Illt;lllUI~ iS then extinguished and the lllelllu~y location is free to be used for storing other advertising material.
Al~t;llldively, a single LED or audio signal could be used that would only alert the user when all of the available lllcnlol~ Iocations are occupied. The indicator would be extinguish or ~ eng~ged when one of the ~ S. ;PS are cleared by the user.
Using the INFO RECALL button followed by a preset with an illllmin~tPA LED
displays the h~rolllld~ion stored in the memory associated with that preset button on the display of the Iyric display unit. P~çr~lling stored i,lror-lldion using the INFO RECALL
button aulollldlically hl~ellu~ the receipt of any adv~Li~illg or Iyrics hlrolllldliûn being broadcast at that time and the recalled il~rullllaLion is ~u~ alically displayed instead of the information then being broadcast. If there is more hlrulllld~ion stored in a memory than can be displayed on the screen at one time, as will often be the case in embodiment~ using smaller display screens, the user may access the non-displayed hlrullllalion by using the SCROLL
UPIDOWN buttons.
An ~itçrn~tive method of storing, recalling and deleting advertising i~lru~ alion involves using only the INFO STORE, INFO RECALL and INFO DELETE buttons without using preset buttons. In this method, when a user desires to store the advertising hlru,llldtion displayed on the Iyric display unit, he or she simply presses the INFO STORE button. The Iyric display unit aulullldically stores the advertising h~rollllaLion into the first available Illelllo.~ location and the LED ~oci~tPd with that memory location is illu.~ PA To recall ill~.-..a~ion from memory locations, the user can repeatedly press the INFO RECALL button, which cycles through the occupied memories, displaying the advertising hlrolllla~ion stored 21q6878 ~O 94/10761 ~ PCI/US93/10037 from each occupied memory. When the advertising h~ru...~lion from a particular memory location is ~;u~ Lly being displayed, after using the INFO RECALL button, plessillg the INFO DELETE button will cause that IllWllOl ~ location to be cleared and the LED ~Ccoci~tpd with that memory location c,~hl~ uished.
S Adv~llisillg i"rul",alion can also be output to a printer through printer port 182 when it is received or after being recalled from a memory by pressing the PRINT button. The Iyric display unit also in~lu(lPc a standard FM receiver with output to a hç~rhone jack 184.
FIG. 12 shows a block sch~m~tic of Iyric display unit 160. The Iyric display unit receives FM radio signals with receiving antenna 186. The antenna supplies an input to a standard FM tuner chip or chip set 188. The FM tuner chip 180 tunes to an FM frequency using a standard frequency synthp~i7pr 190 such as a phase lock loop. The signal tuned by the FM tuner chip and the frequency synthP-ci7er is directed to standard stereo audio circuits 192 and a subcarrier decoder 194. The stereo audio circuits supply audio signals to a hP~I)hQne jack 184 so that the listener ca~ listen to the music being broadcast on the selected 1~ FM station. An amplifier capable of driving loudspeakers could also be incll~dPd Any of a variety of subcarrier terhniq~Ps can be used to broadcast, receive and decode the Iyrics data, in~h~ ng the subcarrier broad~cting system shown in FIGS. 1-3 and 5-8.
In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 10-16, the standard, well known SCA subcarrier band is utilized, including an SCA decoder as the subcarrier decoder 194. Many other subcarrier t~hniquP-c may be used, inc~ ing the subcarrier described above, but the SCA subcarrier band is adP~ te for use in this embodiment. The subcarrier decoder outputs the decoded data to the central processor unit (CPU) 196. The CPU inrhldPs a read-only ~ Ol ~ (ROM) that stores a program that controls the operation of the CPU. The CPU and program stored in ROM in~ the data output by the subcarrier decoder and parse the data into co.. ~n~lc and character data. The co.. ~ u1c found in the Iyric data are eYP~utPd to d~ where on t_e display 198 (display 198 can include both a Iyrics display screen 172 and tuning display screen 174 shown in FIG. 11) to place the characters represented by the cha~d~_lel data. The co.. ~ lc also direct which characters are to be highlighted and when. The CPU
also stores Iyric or advertising data into Illelllol~, such as random access memory (RAM) 200 and can also send the data to the printer port 202 based upon signals received from the controls 204 operated by the listener.
SnfficiPnt Illelllol~ is allotted in RAM 200 to store at least two phrases of Iyrics. This allows one phrase to be displayed from data already stored in Illelllol~ while a suhsp~uçnt phrase is sim~llt~neously L,~s~ and stored in a memory buffer. This ar~hitpctl~re avoids the need to rapidly t~ansmit a phrase at the completion of a previous phrase, as discussed more fully below.

WO 94/10761 2 ~ 4 6 8 7 8 PCT/US93/10037 While the Iyric display unit 166 is shown as a separate cu,~ ol,t.,~ used with a receiver 154, it is co.,Lc,~lated that the unit 166 will be integrated into future models of both portable and stationary FM stereo receivc,~. It is also co~ ..pl~tP~I that the Iyric and advertising text and cu.. ~-,d format will be made co.. p ~;l.le with the radiotext mode of bro~lr~ctin~ in the S SCA band as described in the Radio Data System (RDS) specifir~tion publi~h~d by the European Bro~c~cting Union, 1984, and the corresponding United States version of that sperifir~fion, which has not issued as yet and is e~thid "Specifir~ion of the Radio Broadcast Data System" (RBDS). ~ ~
The Iyrics and Iyric timing data to be broadcast to the Iyric display unit over the SCA
subcarrier band are generated using the combination of a CD player 210 and a con"!ule. 212 shown in FIG. 13. The CD player 210 used in the pl~ fc lcd embodiment is a Studer A730 Professional Compact Disc Player. The co"",ul~ can be any pe~onal coll-puLcl but is an IBM-comratihle personal co,,,~uLc,, inrhl-ling RAM IllClllOl~, a hard disk drive and a display in the pr~rc~lcd embodiment.
Comract discs store analog music as digital i.. ru~ alion that is as a series of l's and 07S. This format allows the easy embedding of control i"rl,llllaLion such as album idPntifir~tion numbers, track numbers and elapsed time with the digital repre-~ent~tion of the music. Compact discs are divided up into many "frames" of i"Çu""dLion. The format of each frame is i~l~pntic~l and contains â predetermined amount of digital ;..r~""~1;on, inrlu-ling both audio data and control data. Seventy-five frames contain the h~ru,ll,~ion for each second of audio material stored on a cûr,-~,a~l disc. Frames within a certain track are referred to by their seq~nPnr,e in time from the beginning of the track cA~r~sed as a six digit decimal code: two digits for mimlt~, two digits for seconds and two digits for frames. Each frame on a cù.~a~;~ disc inrludPs such a six digit code in its control data, uniquely idenLirying the particular frame. More details ~,~arding the coding of C4~ a~ l disc can be found in the International Standard for the "Compact Disc Digital Audio System," publiched by the TntPrn~tion~l Elc illut~P~ ir~l Commission (CEI IEC 908, 1987).
The Studer A730 Professional Compact Disc Player inrh~d~ps a data output port that is connectPd to the co--~uler. The data output to the C4l~ ulcL on this port inrl~ld~p~ the album id~Pntifir~tion number, track number and the minute, second and frame data read for each frame on the cu",l,acl disc as the disc is being played. The album ide~tific~tiQn number is provided in a subcarrier channel on the CD as described in the In~ laLional Standard.
The actual creation of the lyric and lyric timing dat~ is as follows. The first step is to either manually enter the Iyrics into the co--,l,u~e- or obtain the Iyrics in computer readable form from another source, such as the artist or music publi~hP,~. The Iyrics are then split into phrases, generally from three to ten words, so that the entire phrase can be displayed at one time on the display screen 172 of the Iyric display unit. If a phrase buffer as described above ~O 94/10761 _ 2 1 ~ 6 8 7 8 PCr/US93/10037 is not employed, the phrases should also be selected so that, if possible, about a half second pause in the music coincides with the breaks between phrases.
Once the phrases are determinPA the second step is begun by playing the CD on the professional CD player. The Studer CD player allows the music to be listened to at S adjustable speeds, if n,~ec.c~ry, allowing the user to pinpoint the actual frame in which each word of the Iyrics are begun to be sung. It is so~ lll~c important to determine the Iyric timing down to the frame level of detail (1/75 of a second) because certain music, particularly rap, often averages four words or more per second throughout an entire musical selection.
Once the be~ g of a word is detected by the listener, the listener signals the co-l.l)u~el that the word has begun to be sung. The compulc~ al~ lalically stores the minute, second and frarne data from the timing output signal of the CD player and associates this info,l..dLion with the word that is being sung. The second step is repeated until timing data is stored for every word in the musical selection.
By using this process, Iyrics files that include phrasing and timing data for any musical selection can be generated using the co-"~uLer and CD player co."binàtion. An example of how this il~OI"~atiOn can be stored is shown below. The beginning of each phrase is denoted by a tilde (~). The end of each line within a phrase is denoted by an "at" symbol (@). The end of each phrase is denoted by a caret (^), while the end of each word is denoted by a vertical bar ( ' ). Thus the phIasing data for "Mary Had a Little Lamb" may look like the following:

-Marylhad¦a little lamb@
littlellamb little lamb^
-Marylhadla little lamb@
whoselfleecelwaslwhitelaslsnow^¦

Timing data can be added by inserting a number cv-~i~Li-,g of the six digit minute, second and frame received from the colll~aeL disc player, with leading zeros deleted after each word of the Iyrics, separated by another vertical bar ( I ) and with a space before the number to distinguish timing numbers from Iyrics that happen to be numbers. Thus the phrasing of Mary Had a Little Lamb including time data may look like the following:

-Maryl 448lhadl 524lal 552llittle~ 573llamb@ t 648 littlel 723l1ambl 773llittlel 848llamb^l 923 -Mary¦ 973lhad¦ 1048¦al 546¦little¦ 1122¦1amb@¦ 1173 - whose¦ 1227¦fleece¦ 1248¦was¦ 1301¦white¦ 1323,as¦ 1351¦~now^¦1373 FIG. 10 shows how the Iyric and timing data is ~ ~ to the Iyric display unit.When a CD is cued for broadcast, the album i~lentifi~tiQn number and track number of the WO 94/10761 PCI/US93/10037 ~
2~ ~6~ ~

CD are output from the CD player 150 to the colllyul~. 158. The mass storage device 160 connected to the cv,,,yulel contains Iyric and timing data files for a large number of musical selections. These files are indexed by album i~lPntific~iQn number and track number. Thus, when the album identific~tion number and track are .eceived by the co...pul~i from the CD
player, the Iyric and timing file for that musical selection can be quickly found and retrieved.
As described above with respect to ~IG. 10 ar~d the bro~llc~cting of the Iyric data, if the CD player being used in conjunction with the creation of the lyric and timing data files does not output the CD i~lentifi~tion and track numbers and the elapsed time data this data can be entered into the COIllyu~l by other methofl~. The CD i~lentifil~ti~n and track numbers can be entered manually using the co,l.yulel k~board. The elapsed time can be calculated by the c~-l-yuler from a start signal obtained through the colllyulcl~s keyboard, a PLAY, PAUSE, CUE or other oy~ ;o~-~l status signal ~ei~/ed from the CD player, an audio signal meter cQnnected to the output of the CD player or any other way to detect the start of the musical s~le~tion Once the correct Iyric and timing file is ~cce-~sed7 the co-,.yulel must g~"e,dle and llallslllil co,.. ~ and data that will be ih~le~yieled by the Iyric display unit to properly display the lyrics and the highli~hting. The co~ n~ls and data are output by the co",yuler to the SCA ge.le~d~or phrase by phrase.
As soon as the Iyric and timing file is retrieved, the text data for the first phrase is sent to the SCA g~;lleld1ul. The text data includes collmlalld codes indicating the start of the phrase, the separation of the individual words within the phrase, breaks between the lines of text within the phrase and the end of the phrase. Thus, the Iyric display unit, upon receiving this data, can determine how many words are in the received phrase. The COlllyult;l 158 then monitors the minute, second and frame output of the CD player. When the minute, second and frame match the minute, second and frame of the first word of the current phrase, a "hi~hlight" co--~ and is gene~a~ed and sent through the SCA ge -eraloL to the Iyric display unit, which hi~hlight~ the first word of the phrase as soon as the code is received. When the minute, second and frame data from the CD player matches the minute, second and frame of the second word in the current phrase, another Nhighli~ht~ col-----dnd is generated and broadcast to the Iyric display unit which then highlight~ the second word of ~he phrase it received. This process is repeated until the highlight con..-,dlld is gellcLdled for the last word of the current phrase. When the entire phrase has been highlightel, the co,.,l~u~e. then repeats the whole process by sending the text data for t-h-e next phrase through the SCA
generator and to the Iyric display unit.
Alternatively, and prere.ably, the data for a .sllbsequent phrase is r~J.. ~"ed and )c~ Pd prior to the time of completion of the present phrase, and is stored in â suitably provided buffer in the Iyric display unit. After the complete snhse~uent phrase has been ~ 2l468~8 ~0 94/10761 PCI/US93/10037 broadcast to the lyric display unit and the highlight CQ~ d for the last word of the current phrase has been broadcast, but before the time for broadcasting the hi~hlight collllllalld for the first word or line of the subsequçnt phrase, a "change phrases" con,~ d is broadcast.
Upon receipt to the "change phrases" co~ , the Iyric display unit clears the present phrase from memory and the display, displays the subsequP-nt phrase, and either Lla~r~ the data for the subsequent phrase from the phrase buffer to the ~ , llOl ~ for the present phrase or simply swaps the locations of the present phrase lll~lllol~r and the phrase buffer. At this point the subsequent phrase becomes the present phrase and the process is repeated until the end of the musical selection.
In an ~ ive method of bro~c~cting the Iyric text data and Iyric timing co.. ~l-rl~, when the Iyric and timing file is retrieved, the text data for the first phrase is sent to the SCA
g~nelaLor. The text data inrhl-l~ co.. ~n~l codes inrlir~ting the start of the phrase, the separation of the individual words within the phrase, breaks between the lines of text within the phrase and the end of the phrase. Th,e text data also inrhld~c co.. ~ that direct the highlighting of the individual words or lines by the Iyric display unit. Tncludçd for each word in the phrase or for each line of the phrase is co.. ~-d that in~lud~ an offset time. The offset time is the length of a delay that should occur from the receipt by the Iyric display unit of a timing signal, corresponding to a predetermined rerer~r~ce point in time, and the time when the Iyric display unit highlight~ the word or line. Using the "Mary Had a Little Lamb"
exarnple from above, the highlight comm~nd code could include "448" (four seconds and 48 frarnes or 4 and 48/75 seconds) in-lir~in~ the time after the start of the song that the word "Mary" is to be hi~hli~ht~l If this scheme is used, a "start" signal must be sent to the Iyric display unit at the exact time when the song begins to be played by the CD player. The Iyric display unit is then responsible for col.ll)~illg the highlight co~ -d with an internal clock and the time when the "start" signal was rec.,;~/ed by the Iyric display unit to detçrmine when each word should be hi~hlightçd It is im~ to note that the text data of any phrase can be ~ led before or after the "start" signal is lla~c~ rd. In the "Mary Had a Little Lamb" example, the "start" signal could be broadcast before t-h-e first phrase, provided that the text data for the first phrase is broadcast at least within 4 48/7~ seconds of when the "start" signal is broadcast. Accordingly, s~bsequçnt phrases can be broadcast at any time before the first word in the phrase needs to be highlightPd. Of course, the timing signal can be associated with any pre~let~-rmin~ temporal reference point that occurs before the first word of Iyrics with which the le~lellce point is used for highlighting purposes. Data can routinely be ~ ~l over the SCA band at a rate of about 2400 bits of data per second. At this rate, four full forty character lines can be tran~mittçd in about one-half of a second. Therefore, when a phrase buffer is not used and the phrasing of a particular musical selection is being d~ l,llhled, efforts should be made to have the breaks between 2~468~ 30 PCI/IJS93/10037--phræes coincide with periods in the musical selection without Iyrics of at least a half of a second.
Again though, an alLt;l11a~ive and p~r~.able method is to employ the phrase buffer described in detail above, so that after one phrase of Iyric text and timing CO.,.,.~A~ C has been broadcast and being c.. ile1,lly displayed by the Iyric display unit, the next phrase of Iyrics and associated timing co... ".,An-ic can be broadcast to the Iyricdisplay unit and stored in its display buffer until the current phrase is completed. Using-~is method elimin:lt~s the need to be concerned about parsing Iyrics into phrases so that there are half second pauses between phrases.
Another plt:r~l~le alle .lalive is to broadcast all of the text and col.,-11al1d data to the Iyric display unit prior to the "start" signal. This also avoids the potential for broadçActing a phrase after it should have been highlighted. Further, using this method alleviates any concell-s, whether valid or not, that the lrAr~ .iC~ion of subcarrier signals affects the fidelity of the music being broadcast. Using this,method, though, the music selection must be cued on the CD player and the album and track i(lçntifi~tion data sent to the computer s~1fficient1y ahead of the time the music selection is to be played so that there is time to broadcast the entire data for all of the Iyrics and their timing.
Another subtlety in broa~lcActing the highlight C~IIIIIIA~ C iS that the con1pa,ison between the minute, second and frarne output by the CD player and the minute, second and frame in the Iyric and timing file should be performed taking into c~nci-l~ration that there is a small, but co~ l delay between the receipt of the timing data from the CD player and the generation, broadcast, receipt and processing of the highlight COIIIIIIA~ C. This delay should be subtracted from the minute, second and frame dah from the Iyric and timing files before colll~alison to the CD player genelàled data so that highlighting occurs in ~y11cl1ro~ly with the 2~ music and does not suffer from a slight lag.
A problem with the lyric display system described above is that most adver~icemPntc are not supplied to radio stations on comr~ct disc or in any other digital format that includes provisions for embedding data. As shown in FIG. 14, COllllllC.I:CialS are usually supplied to the radio station on reel-to-reel m~gnetic tape 220. Radio station personnel then transfer the cu,l.,1,~rcials from the reel-to-reel tape onto analog mAgnP,tiC endless tape cartridges 226 ("cartsn) that are used on s~ldald radio station audio tape cartridge ("cart") m~-~hinPs 224 such as the ITC Delta series of recorders and reproducers, distributed by Harris Allied T.~ .,..A1;onal, Richmond, Indiana.
A solution to this problem is tlicclosed in the system shown in FIGS. 15 and 16. The analog mAgn~tic tape cartridge systems that are standard in radio broA~lc-~cting include a cuing track on which cuing signals, co~ lg of various audio tones, are placed. This system is described in detail in the National Association of Bro~lcActe~c Specific~tion for Cartridge ~O 94/10761 21 ~ 6 8 7 8 PCT/US93/10037 Tape Recording and Reproducing, 1976. Each radio station adds its own cuing signals because radio stations have widely varying procedures regarding pauses, delays and other logistical details egaldiug the playing of commercial adve.lic~
In the system shown in FIG. 15, a ~~ uLe~ 228 is c~nl~P~I~d so that it can control S the operation of both the reel-to-reel tape m~hinP 222 and the cart m~hine 224.
Alternatively, the reel-to-reel tape m~hine can control both the cart m~hine and the co.ll~ulel with similar results. The advertiser supplies both a reel-to-reel tape 220 cont~ining the audio portion of the commercial as usual, but also supplies a floppy diskette 230 that cont~inc the text to be displayed on the Iyric display unit. The c~ P~ 228 can then, using a digital to analog conv~ L~r, store the text to be displayed and any co"~ s that need to be L~ d to the Iyric display unit onto the standard cuing track of the cart. Since the co,--l-ulP- can control both the reel-to-reel tape m~hine and the cart m~hinP" the col~,puL~r can have the audio portion of the col-lll-e~, ;al L~u~r~ ed to the cart m~(~hinP ~ Pously with the transfer of the analog coded adv,ertising text.
The bro~dc~cting of ~Iv~ P-mPntc recorded in this way are pe ro.. ,cd by the system shown in FIG. 16. The com~ulel 232 is controlled by the cart ...-rl.;..~ 234 using a control line. When an advertisemPnt is being played from a cart, the cart player alerts the computer through the control line. The co,~ ule then ml~nitors the cue channel and upon detecting text and co~ n~lc for use with a Iyric display unit, these co.. -~ .. ic are co--~re led back to digital form, output to the SCA g~ne.aloL and broadcast to Iyric display units.
A variation of the system shown in FIGS. 15 and 16 does not affect the ha-dwa~e connections of the system. However, instead of the text and display co.. ~l-dc being collve.~ed to analog and stored on analog tape, a unique commercial i~lentifi~tio~ code can be collve ~ed into analog tones and placed on the cuing track. The text and display col.. ~ ic for all commercials are then stored on a mass storage device, indexed by the wlll-lle.~;ial identification code. When an adY~ c-..f ~l is then played on cart m~-~hine 234, only the unique commercial jAPntifi(-~tion number needs to be d~PtP~ctPd by the colll~lule and converted from analog to digital. The coll.~ult;~'s index is searched for the entry corresponding to the unique commercial i~1Pntific~ion number received from the cart m~hine and the text and display c~ c stored on the C~ ul~l's mass storage are l~t~it;ved by the colll~ulel and output to the SCA generator and broadcast in the same manner as described above.Another variation of the system shown in FIGS. 15 and 16 does not utilize the cuing track of the carts to store data. A list of the unique collnn~..c;al idenfifir~tion codes corresponding to the collllllercials to be aired during a period of time can be entered into the coull~ulel all at one time in the order in which the col-l-ll~,rcials co~-~e.onding to the co...-.lc.cial codes are to be aired. Similarly to the embodiment described above where a list of data .ega.ding music selections to be aired are entered into the Iyric ~e .c.~1illg collllJulel, WO 94/10761 2 1 4 ~ 87 8 PCr/US93/10037 ~

the operator only has to indicate to the CO~ uL~;l when each cou"l.ercial begins. After the computer receives a start in(lic~tion for the current commercial on the list, the colul~uler will output the supplemental data as in the systems described above and assumes that the next st~rt signal it receives will be for the next col-u--ercial on the list that was entered into the cou.l,uLer. The start signal does not have to be manually entered, but similarly to the Iyric generating system, could consist of a cuing signal received from the cart m~hinP playing the collullercials or an audio level meter conne~led to the audio output of the cart m~l~hinP, that detects the beginning of a commercial.
This system described immPAi~tPIy above for commercials can also be coll.lJh-ed with tbe similar system described above for generating Iyrics text and timing data based on a pre-entered list of data for musical selections to be played. A cou.~uLer is sim~llt~npously connected both as the system shown in FIG. 10 and as the system shown in FIGS. 15 and 16.
A collll,illed list is created that lists album id~ rl~ ~1inn and track uull-bel~ and commercial dentifiç~tiQn codes in the order that corresponding music and co,.u..elcials are to be aired.
Similar to the separate Iyric and commercial systems, the operator would indicate to the computer the time whenever either a music selection or commercial began. Alternatively, audio level meters or signals from the CD player and cart m~rhinP could be used to signal the cQIll~uler as to the start of music selections or commercials in the same manner as in the individual Iyrics and commercial systems described above. When the co",~uLer receives a start signal, it outputs the ~prop.iale Iyric text and timing data for music selection or the a~.~,ropli~.Le supplemental advertising data for couu-,~rcials and waits for the next start signal that will co"e~ond with the be~;i....i..g of the next music selection or commercial on the combined list stored in the col"~,ulel.
While there have been shown and described p~r~ d embodiments of the present invention, it is not int~nde~ that the invention be limited solely to these embo~limPnt~. It is therefore to be understood that because various other embodimPnt~ may be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, it is the int~ntion of the h~ o.~ to be limited only by the claims appended hereto.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS
1. A broadcasting system comprising:
a music source having a data output and an analog audio signal output, a computer for receiving the data output by the music source and generating lyric text data and lyric timing commands, a subcarrier signal generator receiving the lyric text data and lyric timing commands from the computer and generating a subcarrier signal containing the lyric text data and the lyric timing commands, an FM transmitter for combining the analog audio signal output from the music source and said subcarrier signal into a composite signal and broadcasting said composite signal at a single frequency, and a lyric display unit for receiving said composite signal, decoding the subcarrier signal to determine the lyric text data and lyric timing commands and displaying the lyric text data according to the lyric timing commands.

2. The broadcasting system of claim 1 wherein said music source comprises a compact disc player.

3. The broadcasting system of claim 1 wherein said data output by said music source comprises:
album identification numbers, track numbers, and elapsed time data.

4. The broadcasting system of claim 3 wherein said music source comprises a compact disc player.
5. The broadcasting system of claim 1 further comprising:
an audio commercial reproducing means including means for generating digital data associated with such audio commercials, wherein said computer receives said digital data from said reproducing means and generates supplemental advertising data, wherein said subcarrier signal generator receives said supplemental advertising data and generating a subcarrier signal containing such supplemental advertising data, wherein said FM transmitter combines reproduced audio commercials and said subcarrier signal containing such supplemental advertising data into a composite advertisement signal and broadcasts said composite advertisement signal on a single radio frequency, wherein said lyric display unit receives said composite advertisement signal, decodes said subcarrier into decoded supplemental advertising data, and displays such decoded supplemental advertising data.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein said lyric display unit further comprises a memory and wherein said lyric display unit stores, recalls and deletes said decoded supplemental advertising data in said memory.

7. The system of claim 5, further comprising a printer coupled to said lyric display unit for printing said decoded supplemental advertising data.

8. A method of displaying lyrics of a musical selection and highlighting the displayed lyrics at substantially the same time the lyrics occur in a corresponding audible reproduction of such musical selection comprising the steps of:
creating a lyric text and timing file for a musical selection comprising the steps of:
separating the lyrics of such musical selection into phrases of lyrics that are shorter than a predetermined length, for each word occurring in a corresponding audible reproduction of such musical selection, determining the length of time from a predetermined temporal reference point in said musical selection to the occurrence of such word in such corresponding reproduction of such musical selection, and storing the separated phrases of lyrics and said determined lengths of time for each word occurring in the musical selection into said lyric text and timing file, transmitting a reproduction of the musicals selection over an analog radio signal, transmitting the text of each said separated phrases of lyrics stored in said lyric text and timing file before the determined length of time for the first word of such phrases has elapsed since the occurrence of said predetermined temporal reference point, and transmitting highlight commands for each word in said lyric text and timing filewhen said determined length of time for such word has elapsed since the occurrence of said predetermined temporal reference point.

9. A method of displaying lyrics of a musical selection and highlighting the displayed lyrics at substantially the same time the lyrics occur in a corresponding audible reproduction of such musical selection comprising the steps of:

creating a lyric text and timing file for a musical selection comprising the steps of:
separating the lyrics of such musical selection into phrases of lyrics that are shorter than a predetermined length, for each word occurring in a corresponding audible reproduction of such musical selection, determining the length of time from a predetermined temporal reference point in said musical selection to the occurrence of such word in such corresponding reproduction of such musical selection, storing the separated phrases of lyrics and said determined lengths of time for each word occurring in the musical selection into said lyric text and timing file, transmitting a reproduction of the musical selection over an analog radio signal, transmitting each word in the lyric text and timing file, its determined length of time from said temporal reference point and a phrase code if the word is the last word of a separated phrase, and transmitting a command signifying the occurrence of said predetermined temporal reference point.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein the step of transmitting each word further comprises transmitting each word before the occurrence of the predetermined temporal reference point.

11. A method for storing supplemental textual data to be used in subcarrier broadcasts with audio commercial advertisements that are to be broadcast simultaneously with the supplemental textual data comprising the steps of:
supplying an audio commercial advertisement on analog reel-to-reel tape, supplying supplemental textual data in computer readable form, providing a computer connected with a reel-to-reel tape deck and a magnetic tape cartridge recorder so that the computer controls the operation of said tape deck and said cartridge recorder, connecting the output of said tape deck to the audio input of said cartridge recorder, converting said supplemental textual data into analog audio signals using a digital to analog converter connected to the computer, under control of said computer, simultaneously playing the audio commercial advertisement on the tape deck, outputting the converted supplemental textual data to the cue channel input of said cartridge recorder and recording the signals received from said digital-to-analog converter and said tape deck by said cartridge recorder.

12. A method for broadcasting audio commercial advertisements simultaneously with subcarrier supplemental commercial textual data comprising the steps of:
providing a cartridge for use with a magnetic tape cartridge player that contains said audio commercial advertisement on an audio track and an analog conversion of said supplemental commercial textual data on a cuing track, providing a computer under control of said cartridge player, said computer having a analog-to-digital converter coupled to the cuing track output of said cartridge player, under control of said cartridge player, playing said cartridge and outputting the analog audio signal to an FM radio transmitter and outputting the analog supplemental textual data through the analog-to-digital converter to a subcarrier code generator.

13. A method for storing supplemental textual data to be used in subcarrier broadcasts with audio commercial advertisements that are to be broadcast simultaneously with the supplemental textual data comprising the steps of:
supplying an audio commercial advertisement on analog reel-to-reel tape, supplying supplemental textual data in computer readable form, providing a computer connected with a reel-to-reel tape deck and a magnetic tape cartridge recorder so that the computer controls the operation of said tape deck and said cartridge recorder, connecting the output of said tape deck to the audio input of said cartridge recorder, assigning a unique identification code to said audio commercial advertisement, storing said supplemental textual data in a file in said computer accessible by said unique identification code assigned to said corresponding audio commercial advertisement, converting said unique identification code into analog audio signals using a digital to analog converter connected to the computer, under control of said computer, simultaneously playing the audio commercial advertisement on the tape deck, outputting said converted unique identification code to the cue channel input of said cartridge recorder and recording the signals received from said digital-to-analog converter and said tape deck by said cartridge recorder 14. A method for broadcasting audio commercial advertisements simultaneously with subcarrier supplemental commercial textual data comprising the steps of:
providing a cartridge for use with a magnetic tape cartridge player that contains said audio commercial advertisement on an audio track and an analog representation of a unique identification code associated with said audio commercial advertisement on a cuing track, providing a computer under control of said cartridge player, said computer having an analog-to-digital converter coupled to the cuing track output of said cartridge player, and under control of said cartridge player:
playing said cartridge and outputting an analog audio signal derived from such cartridge to an FM radio transmitter and outputting said analog representation of a unique identification code to the analog-to-digital converter, converting said analog representation into a unique identification code, retrieving a file associated with said unique identification code from the computer, and outputting the content of said file to a subcarrier code generator.
16. A transmission system comprising:
a music source having a data output and an analog audio signal output, a computer for receiving the data output by the music source and generating lyric text data and lyric timing commands, a subcarrier signal generator receiving the lyric text data and lyric timing commands from the computer and generating a subcarrier signal containing the lyric text data and the lyric timing commands, and an FM transmitter for combining the analog audio signal output from the music source and said subcarrier signal into a composite signal and broadcasting said composite signal at a single frequency.

17. The broadcasting system of claim 16 wherein said music source comprises a compact disc player.

18. The broadcasting system of claim 16 wherein said data output by said music source comprises:
album identification numbers, track numbers, and elapsed time data.

19. The broadcasting system of claim 18 wherein said music source comprises a compact disc player.
20. The broadcasting system of claim 16 further comprising:
an audio commercial reproducing means including means for generating digital data associated with such audio commercials, wherein said computer receives said digital data from said reproducing means and generates supplemental advertising data, wherein said subcarrier signal generator receives said supplemental advertising data and generating a subcarrier signal containing such supplemental advertising data, wherein said FM transmitter combines reproduced audio commercials and said subcarrier signal containing such supplemental advertising data into a composite advertisement signal and broadcasts said composite advertisement signal on a single radio frequency.

21. The method of displaying lyrics of a musical selection and highlighting the displayed lyrics at substantially the same time the lyrics occur in a corresponding audible reproduction of such musical selection comprising the steps of:
creating a lyric text and timing file for a musical selection comprising the steps of:
separating the lyrics of such musical selection into phrases of lyrics that are shorter than a predetermined length, for each word occurring in a corresponding audible reproduction of such musical selection, determining the length of time from a predetermined temporal reference point in said musical selection to the occurrence of such word in such corresponding reproduction of such musical selection, storing the separated phrases of lyrics and said determined lengths of time for each word occurring in the musical selection into said lyric text and timing file, transmitting a reproduction of the musical selection over an analog radio signal, transmitting every word in the lyric text and timing file, its determined lengthof time from said temporal reference point and a phrase code if the word is the last word of a separated phrase before the occurrence of said predetermined temporal reference point, and transmitting a command signifying the occurrence of said predetermined temporal reference point.
22. A lyric receiving and display apparatus comprising:
a radio receiver for receiving a radio signal containing analog music audio signals, lyric text data and lyric timing commands;

a decoder for extracting said lyric text and lyric timing commands from said radio signal;
a display means for displaying portions of said lyric text data at times corresponding to one or more of said lyric timing commands.

23. The lyric receiving and display apparatus of claim 22 wherein said display means further comprising highlight means for highlighting portions of said lyric text displayed on said display means at times corresponding to one or more of said lyric timing commands.