CA2145931A1 - Method for controlling a microwave oven, microwave oven and its use for cooking or heating food in accordance with the method - Google Patents
Method for controlling a microwave oven, microwave oven and its use for cooking or heating food in accordance with the methodInfo
- Publication number
- CA2145931A1 CA2145931A1 CA002145931A CA2145931A CA2145931A1 CA 2145931 A1 CA2145931 A1 CA 2145931A1 CA 002145931 A CA002145931 A CA 002145931A CA 2145931 A CA2145931 A CA 2145931A CA 2145931 A1 CA2145931 A1 CA 2145931A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- food
- oven
- microwave
- weight
- information
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 235000015219 food category Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940036310 program Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000021186 dishes Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000013573 potato product Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013550 pizza Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012180 bread and bread product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001447 compensatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002226 simultaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
- H05B6/647—Aspects related to microwave heating combined with other heating techniques
- H05B6/6482—Aspects related to microwave heating combined with other heating techniques combined with radiant heating, e.g. infrared heating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
- H05B6/66—Circuits
- H05B6/68—Circuits for monitoring or control
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
- H05B6/6408—Supports or covers specially adapted for use in microwave heating apparatus
- H05B6/6411—Supports or covers specially adapted for use in microwave heating apparatus the supports being rotated
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Electric Ovens (AREA)
- Control Of High-Frequency Heating Circuits (AREA)
Abstract
A method for controlling a microwave oven, a micro-wave oven and its use for automatic cooking or heating of food are disclosed. On the basis of supplied food-category information on the type of food and its initial state and on the basis of supplied information on the weight of the food, a corresponding preprogrammed control program is selected. The control program is divided into time periods during which the microwave radiation source (20) of the oven, a microwave-activable crisp plate (4) and a grill element, if any, are activated at power levels determined by the program. The implementation of the program is monitored by calculation and decrementa-tion of the expected durations of the time periods on the basis of the weight of the food and the constants deter-mined by the food category.
Description
t ~ ~ 21 ~ ~93 1 f?
3~ J ~ 4 / ~ ~ - oo S~ ~92~6 z-~ 1 METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A MICROWAVE OVEN, MICROWAVE
OVEN AND ITS USE FOR COOKING OR HEATING FOOD
IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE METHOD
This invention relates to a method for controlling a procedure for cooking or heating food in a microwave oven by using the microwave radiation source of the oven and a microwave-activable bottom heater in the form of a receptacle, a plate or a carrier on which the food is placed, which act as separate heat sources for the food and are controllable via the control unit of the oven.
The invention further concerns a microwave oven for implementing the method, as well as the use of the micro-wave oven for cooking or heating food of different sortsby automatically-controlled procedures.
The microwave radiation sourc/e and the associated microwave-feed system generate a microwave distribution in the oven cavity that brings about so-called volume heating of the food.
The microwave oven may comprise an additional source of heat for the food in the form of a microwave-activ-able, so-called crisp or browning plate. A crisp plate may consist of an aluminium plate which has small thermal mass and good thermal conductivity and on whose underside is provided a microwave-absorbing layer. SE Patent Speci-fication 9003104-8 discloses such a crisp plate. A brown-ing plate has greater thermal mass and may consist of a plate of ceramics or glass provided with a microwave-absorbing layer. In general, both the crisp plate and thebrowning plate are arranged to rotate during cooking or heating.
The microwave oven may have yet another source of heat in the form of a so-called grill element or an equi-valent IR-radiation element, which usually is arranged in the ceiling of the cavity (see, for instance, SE Patent Specification 920178~-2).
214~931 A microwave oven equipped with these three types of heat sources basically has access to a volume heater, a bottom heater and a top heater, in which case the heat emission from the two former is controlled by regulating the microwave feed to the cavity, and the latter is con-trolled directly as regards activation time and power level. In order to optimise the heating or cooking of a specific type of food, the three heat sources have to be used in an appropriate manner, i.e. be activated at adjusted power levels for a suitable period of the cook-ing or heating procedure. However, the problem is that the activation times and power levels for different sorts of food vary considerably. For the average user, this is much too complicated, and he therefore is usually not given the opportunity to control the cooking or heating procedure in this fashion. Microwave ovens are instead so constructed that there is only one power balance, deter-mined by the manufacturer, between thé different sources of heat.
In some countries, the power consumption of appara-tus with single-phase connection is restricted, which among other things means that the microwave radiation source and the grill element cannot be activated at the same time. In turn, this places special requirements on the utilisation of the heat sources depending on the type of food at issue, and tends to complicate matters further for the user.
One object of the invention is, therefore, to pro-vide a microwave oven which does not suffer from any of the drawbacks mentioned above, enables advantageous util-isation of the heat sources, and at the same time is more user-friendly. By optimal utilisation of the heat sources, the microwave oven becomes more useful in gene-ral, so that it may serve to cook or heat also such food and dishes as today should be heated in conventional ovens, e.g. in order not to lose their crispiness.
21~5931 According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method which is of the type mentioned by way of introduction and which is characterised by the steps of - supplying the oven with food-category information on the food, - supplying information on the weight of the food, - selecting, on the basis of the food-category informa-tion supplied, a program for cooking or heating divided into one or more time periods, - calculating the expected duration of each time period on the basis of the weight information as well as para-meter information determined by the food category, - activating, during each time period, said heat sources at power levels and for activation times in accordance with the selected program, - decrementing the time periods to zero from the calcu-lated value after starting the Frogram, - ending each time period when it has been decremented to zero, and - ending the program when all the time periods have been run through.
In preferred modes of implementation of the inven-tive method, the weight information is automatically sup-plied by a weight sensor disposed adjacent to the recep-tacle, plate or carrier, or manually by the user via thecontrol panel of the oven.
The method according to the invention drastically facilitates handling of the microwave oven, since the user merely has to supply information on the food cate-gory, possibly also on the weight, for instance via thecontrol panel of the oven. The oven may then be started automatically or by operating a starter button. The oven then selects an appropriate program in accordance with the food category and monitors the cooking or heating procedure fully automatically. The user need not, as is the case in conventional ovens, select any power settings and cooking times. To put it simply, the user merely 21q59~1 indicates what he puts in the oven, for instance deep-frozen ready-cooked chicken parts, and what he wishes to take out of the oven, for instance heated chicken parts having a crispy surface. The oven indicates when the dish is ready.
By food category or food-category information is here meant information corresponding to a specially-designed cooking or heating program for a specific type of food, such as potato products, pizza and chicken, and the state of the food put in the oven, such as fresh or deep-frozen raw products, and deep-frozen semi-processed products.
The food-category information can be supplied by inputting e.g. a numerical value indicating the type of food and its state, or by inputting a first value indi-cating the type of food and a second value indicating its initial state. Preferably, the foo~d-category information is inputted via a control button or a keyset where each key corresponds to a certain food category, or via two control buttons or keysets each corresponding to a spe-cific type of food and a specific initial state.
A microwave oven according to the invention com-prises a cavity, a microwave radiation source for feeding microwaves to the cavity, a microwave-activable bottom heater in the form of a receptacle, a plate or a carrier on which food is placed for heating or cooking, a control unit for controlling the bottom heater as well as the feeding of microwaves to the cavity, the oven being characterised in that it has means for supplying the con-trol unit with information on the food category involved,as well as means for supplying the control unit with information on the weight of the food, and that the microprocessor of the control unit is programmed to implement the following functions:
- selecting, on the basis of the food-category informa-tion supplied, a cooking or heating program divided into one or more time periods, - calculating the expected duration of each time period on the basis of the weight information as well as para-meter information determined by the food category, - activating the microwave radiation source, and hence the bottom heater, at power levels and for activation times in accordance with the selected program, - decrementing the time periods to zero from the calcu-lated value after starting the program, - ending each time period when it has been decremented to zero, and - ~nA ing the program when all the time periods have been run through.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the microwave oven is provided with a top heater, for instance a grill element arranged in the ceiling of the cavity, which is controlled by the program selected.
In another preferred embodiment of the microwave oven according to the invention, a weight sensor is dis-posed adjacent to the receptacle, plate or carrier and adapted to automatically supply the information on the weight of the food. In yet another embodiment, the con-trol panel of the oven has means for manually supplying information on the weight of the food.
The design of the inventive microwave oven is based on the insight that the average user mostly employs the oven for cooking or heating certain kinds of food, e.g.
deep-frozen ready-cooked dishes or bread and potato pro-ducts, that this food can be divided into food categories on the basis of the type of food and its initial state, and that the combined information on the food category and the weight of the food makes it possible to adapt a program which is determined by the food category and is automatically implemented by the oven. Furthermore, it has been found that optimal utilisation of the heat sources available in a modern oven, i.e. the microwave field in the cavity, the bottom-heating crisp plate and the top-heating grill element, may improve cooking 21 ~5931 results and make it possible to use the oven for a broader range of food or dishes, the user-friendliness of the oven being maintained or even improved.
According to the invention, the use of a microwave oven, which has a rotary crisp plate arranged in the oven cavity, as well as a grill element arranged in the ceil-ing of the cavity, is distinguished by the fact that the cooking or heating of food is performed automatically according to preprogrammed cooking or heating programs that can be selected on the basis of information on the weight of the food as well as food-category information based on the type of food and its initial state, which is supplied to the oven.
Further distinctive features of the method and the microwave oven according to the invention are stated in the appended claims.
The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to a preferred, non-restricting embodiment illustrated in the drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows an inventive microwave oven whose door is open;
Fig. 2 is a block diagram illustrating cooperating functional units of the oven during implementation of the inventive method, and Fig. 3 is a flow chart illustrating a preprogrammed cooking or heating program for controlling the micropro-cessor of the control unit.
The microwave oven illustrated in Fig. 1 has an external casing 1, and an oven door 2 for closing the cavity 3, in which a crisp plate 4 is arranged. The crisp plate 4 is made of sheet aluminium of small thermal mass and its underside is provided with a microwave-absorbing layer of rubber-borne ferrite. Preferably, the ferrite material employed has a Curie point at which ceases the layer's energy absorption from the microwaves, which means that the temperature of the upper side of the crisp plate that comes into contact with the food stabilises in 2l~g3l a temperature range of 130-230C. The crisp plate is adapted to rotate during the cooking or heating proce-dure. SE Patent Specification 9003104-8, as well as the applicant's microwave ovens of type designations VIP20 and VIP27, illustrates a more detailed construction of the crisp plate as well as its rotary mechanism.
The microwaves are fed to the cavity 3 through one or more feed openings (not shown) which communicate with the microwave radiation source 20 (normally a magnetron) of the oven (see Fig. 2) via waveguides. In the illu-strated oven, the magnetron, the associated waveguide system, the power unit 19 for operating the magnetron, and the control unit 15 are disposed behind the control panel 5. In a preferred embodiment of the microwave-feed system, use is made of an upper and a lower feed opening, which are provided in the right-hand lateral wall of the cavity, whereas the remainder of t~he feed system is designed to feed polarised microwaves through these open-ings. For more detailed information on the construction of the microwave-feed system, reference is made to SE
Patent Specification 9003012-3, as well as to the applicant's microwave ovens mentioned in the foregoing.
A grill element (not shown) is arranged in the ceil-ing of the cavity, e.g. in the manner described in SE
Patent Specification 9201786-2. The grill element may be a so-called "grill tube", a quartz tube or a halogen-radiation source. Instances of concrete designs are found in the applicant's microwave oven of type designation VIP20.
The control panel 5 has a display 6 which, control-led by the control unit 15, represents, among other things, symbols or plain-text messages for selected pro-grams, and the ro~; n; ng cooking or heating time, i.e.
verifies the user's selections made via the control panel as well as provides other information on how the cooking or heating proceeds.
21~5931 The control button 7 is used for selecting heating through the feeding of microwaves to the cavity. The button 8 is used for activating the grill element of the oven, and the desired time is set by the knob 9. These basic options have their equivalence in a conventional oven and supplement the inventive option to select from a given number of preprogrammed cooking or heating programs for specific types of food while utilising the interplay of the direct-acting microwaves, the crisp plate and the grill element. The removable crisp plate may be replaced with an ordinary rotary bottom plate in the case heating involves direct-acting microwaves only. When selecting the preprogrammed programs, the knob 9 also serves for manual inputting of the weight of the food.
The buttons 10 and 11 are provided for, respec-tively, starting and switching off the oven. The keyset 12 serves to input the food-category information and, hence, to select a preprogrammed cooking or heating pro-gram. For instance, the buttons may, from top to bottom, concern the heating of deep-frozen pizza, the heating of deep-frozen pie, the heating of deep-frozen potato pro-ducts, such as chips, and the heating of deep-frozen chicken parts. The operation of a button entails simulta-neous input of complete food-category information, i.e.
information on the type of food and its initial state (e.g. deep-frozen). In a modified embodiment of the oven, the buttons are divided into two sets, in which case the information on the type of food is inputted via one set and the information on the initial state of the food is inputted via the other set. In the simplest embodiment of the oven, only one food category is used, which means that only one button is required. All the buttons, as well as the knob and the display, are in communication with the control unit 15. On the upper side of the oven, there are provided ventilation holes 13 communicating with the evacuation channel (not shown) of the cavity that is provided in the space between the ceiling of the 21~5931 cavity and the external casing 1. In view of single-phase connection to the mains, the oven has a flex 14 with a plug.
The block diagram of Fig. 2 shows the control unit 15 and the microprocessor and its associated program memory 16. The user information is inputted to the con-trol unit via the block 17, which represents the control buttons and the knob described above. The control unit controls the display 6. Via a driver 18 and a microwave power unit 19, the control unit 15 controls the microwave radiation source 20, and hence the feeding of microwaves to the cavity 3. Via a driver 21, the control unit 15 controls the grill element 22, and hence the IR radiation fed to the cavity 3. For more detailed information on the construction of these functional units, reference is made to the above-mentioned patents as well as to the microwave ovens manufactured by the applicant.
Alternatively, the weight information is automati-cally supplied to the control unit by a weight sensor 23 (indicated by dashed lines). The weight sensor 23 is dis-posed adjacent to the crisp plate 3 and senses the weight of the food placed on the plate. For instance, the weight sensor may be of the design described in SE Patent Speci-fication 9300291-3.
In Fig. 3, the flow chart illustrating a prepro-grammed cooking or heating program comprises three suc-cessive time periods Tl, T2 and T3. For each period, the expected duration Tle, T2e and T3e is calculated on the basis of the weight w of the food and a constant kl, k2 and k3, respectively, determined by the food category, according to Tle = kl o w T2e = k2 o w T3e = k3 o w During each period, the feeding of microwaves and, hence, the crisp plate as well as the grill element are activated at power levels determined by the food cate-214593~
gory. The power levels for, respectively, the microwaves and the grill element during the associated periods are designated, respectively, PM1, PM2 and PM3 and PGl, PG2 and PG3. These power levels are optimised for each food category and may, in a further development of the oven, vary during the time periods. Also the constants kl, k2 and k3 are optimised for each food category. In a further development of the oven, the supplied microwave power may be distributed between different feed openings to enable energy to be distributed between bottom heat from the crisp plate and microwave heating of the interior of the food. Such distribution can be achieved by using a micro-wave-feed system of the type described in SE Patent Spe-cification 9302302-6.
The program illustrated in the flow chart of Fig. 3 runs through the following steps, where Y represents "yes" and N represents "no".
sl. Start.
s2. Detection of the net weight w of the food.
s3. Calculation of Tle, T2e and T3e, respectively.
s4. Microwaves at the power PMl. Grill on the power PG1.
Decrementation of Tle.
s5. Tle = 0? If Y, proceed to s6. If N, return to s4.
s6. Microwaves at the power PM2. Grill on the power PG2.
Decrementation of T2e.
s7. T2e = 0? If Y, proceed to s8. If N, return to s6.
s8. Microwaves at the power PM3. Grill on the power PG3.
Decrementation of T3e.
s9. T3e = 0? If Y, proceed to slO. If N, return to s8.
s10. End of the program.
It will be appreciated that those skilled in the art are well qualified to develop the described program with-in the scope of the invention. For instance, the tempera-ture of the ventilating air may be sensed by a tempera-ture sensor arranged in the evacuation ~hAnn~l of thecavity. On the basis of the initial temperature sensed, compensatory corrections are made of the constants 21~5931 , selected through the food category and used for calculat-ing the expected duration of the time periods of the pro-gram. One thus elim;n~tes any effect of the oven being heated even at the start. Another conceivable further development would be to supply the control unit with information on the temperature of the crisp plate as a further control parameter. When implementing the method, use can be made of so-called fuzzy logic decisions. Any modifications derived therefrom are but measures of con-venience to be regarded as encompassed by the scope of the appended claims.
3~ J ~ 4 / ~ ~ - oo S~ ~92~6 z-~ 1 METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A MICROWAVE OVEN, MICROWAVE
OVEN AND ITS USE FOR COOKING OR HEATING FOOD
IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE METHOD
This invention relates to a method for controlling a procedure for cooking or heating food in a microwave oven by using the microwave radiation source of the oven and a microwave-activable bottom heater in the form of a receptacle, a plate or a carrier on which the food is placed, which act as separate heat sources for the food and are controllable via the control unit of the oven.
The invention further concerns a microwave oven for implementing the method, as well as the use of the micro-wave oven for cooking or heating food of different sortsby automatically-controlled procedures.
The microwave radiation sourc/e and the associated microwave-feed system generate a microwave distribution in the oven cavity that brings about so-called volume heating of the food.
The microwave oven may comprise an additional source of heat for the food in the form of a microwave-activ-able, so-called crisp or browning plate. A crisp plate may consist of an aluminium plate which has small thermal mass and good thermal conductivity and on whose underside is provided a microwave-absorbing layer. SE Patent Speci-fication 9003104-8 discloses such a crisp plate. A brown-ing plate has greater thermal mass and may consist of a plate of ceramics or glass provided with a microwave-absorbing layer. In general, both the crisp plate and thebrowning plate are arranged to rotate during cooking or heating.
The microwave oven may have yet another source of heat in the form of a so-called grill element or an equi-valent IR-radiation element, which usually is arranged in the ceiling of the cavity (see, for instance, SE Patent Specification 920178~-2).
214~931 A microwave oven equipped with these three types of heat sources basically has access to a volume heater, a bottom heater and a top heater, in which case the heat emission from the two former is controlled by regulating the microwave feed to the cavity, and the latter is con-trolled directly as regards activation time and power level. In order to optimise the heating or cooking of a specific type of food, the three heat sources have to be used in an appropriate manner, i.e. be activated at adjusted power levels for a suitable period of the cook-ing or heating procedure. However, the problem is that the activation times and power levels for different sorts of food vary considerably. For the average user, this is much too complicated, and he therefore is usually not given the opportunity to control the cooking or heating procedure in this fashion. Microwave ovens are instead so constructed that there is only one power balance, deter-mined by the manufacturer, between thé different sources of heat.
In some countries, the power consumption of appara-tus with single-phase connection is restricted, which among other things means that the microwave radiation source and the grill element cannot be activated at the same time. In turn, this places special requirements on the utilisation of the heat sources depending on the type of food at issue, and tends to complicate matters further for the user.
One object of the invention is, therefore, to pro-vide a microwave oven which does not suffer from any of the drawbacks mentioned above, enables advantageous util-isation of the heat sources, and at the same time is more user-friendly. By optimal utilisation of the heat sources, the microwave oven becomes more useful in gene-ral, so that it may serve to cook or heat also such food and dishes as today should be heated in conventional ovens, e.g. in order not to lose their crispiness.
21~5931 According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method which is of the type mentioned by way of introduction and which is characterised by the steps of - supplying the oven with food-category information on the food, - supplying information on the weight of the food, - selecting, on the basis of the food-category informa-tion supplied, a program for cooking or heating divided into one or more time periods, - calculating the expected duration of each time period on the basis of the weight information as well as para-meter information determined by the food category, - activating, during each time period, said heat sources at power levels and for activation times in accordance with the selected program, - decrementing the time periods to zero from the calcu-lated value after starting the Frogram, - ending each time period when it has been decremented to zero, and - ending the program when all the time periods have been run through.
In preferred modes of implementation of the inven-tive method, the weight information is automatically sup-plied by a weight sensor disposed adjacent to the recep-tacle, plate or carrier, or manually by the user via thecontrol panel of the oven.
The method according to the invention drastically facilitates handling of the microwave oven, since the user merely has to supply information on the food cate-gory, possibly also on the weight, for instance via thecontrol panel of the oven. The oven may then be started automatically or by operating a starter button. The oven then selects an appropriate program in accordance with the food category and monitors the cooking or heating procedure fully automatically. The user need not, as is the case in conventional ovens, select any power settings and cooking times. To put it simply, the user merely 21q59~1 indicates what he puts in the oven, for instance deep-frozen ready-cooked chicken parts, and what he wishes to take out of the oven, for instance heated chicken parts having a crispy surface. The oven indicates when the dish is ready.
By food category or food-category information is here meant information corresponding to a specially-designed cooking or heating program for a specific type of food, such as potato products, pizza and chicken, and the state of the food put in the oven, such as fresh or deep-frozen raw products, and deep-frozen semi-processed products.
The food-category information can be supplied by inputting e.g. a numerical value indicating the type of food and its state, or by inputting a first value indi-cating the type of food and a second value indicating its initial state. Preferably, the foo~d-category information is inputted via a control button or a keyset where each key corresponds to a certain food category, or via two control buttons or keysets each corresponding to a spe-cific type of food and a specific initial state.
A microwave oven according to the invention com-prises a cavity, a microwave radiation source for feeding microwaves to the cavity, a microwave-activable bottom heater in the form of a receptacle, a plate or a carrier on which food is placed for heating or cooking, a control unit for controlling the bottom heater as well as the feeding of microwaves to the cavity, the oven being characterised in that it has means for supplying the con-trol unit with information on the food category involved,as well as means for supplying the control unit with information on the weight of the food, and that the microprocessor of the control unit is programmed to implement the following functions:
- selecting, on the basis of the food-category informa-tion supplied, a cooking or heating program divided into one or more time periods, - calculating the expected duration of each time period on the basis of the weight information as well as para-meter information determined by the food category, - activating the microwave radiation source, and hence the bottom heater, at power levels and for activation times in accordance with the selected program, - decrementing the time periods to zero from the calcu-lated value after starting the program, - ending each time period when it has been decremented to zero, and - ~nA ing the program when all the time periods have been run through.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the microwave oven is provided with a top heater, for instance a grill element arranged in the ceiling of the cavity, which is controlled by the program selected.
In another preferred embodiment of the microwave oven according to the invention, a weight sensor is dis-posed adjacent to the receptacle, plate or carrier and adapted to automatically supply the information on the weight of the food. In yet another embodiment, the con-trol panel of the oven has means for manually supplying information on the weight of the food.
The design of the inventive microwave oven is based on the insight that the average user mostly employs the oven for cooking or heating certain kinds of food, e.g.
deep-frozen ready-cooked dishes or bread and potato pro-ducts, that this food can be divided into food categories on the basis of the type of food and its initial state, and that the combined information on the food category and the weight of the food makes it possible to adapt a program which is determined by the food category and is automatically implemented by the oven. Furthermore, it has been found that optimal utilisation of the heat sources available in a modern oven, i.e. the microwave field in the cavity, the bottom-heating crisp plate and the top-heating grill element, may improve cooking 21 ~5931 results and make it possible to use the oven for a broader range of food or dishes, the user-friendliness of the oven being maintained or even improved.
According to the invention, the use of a microwave oven, which has a rotary crisp plate arranged in the oven cavity, as well as a grill element arranged in the ceil-ing of the cavity, is distinguished by the fact that the cooking or heating of food is performed automatically according to preprogrammed cooking or heating programs that can be selected on the basis of information on the weight of the food as well as food-category information based on the type of food and its initial state, which is supplied to the oven.
Further distinctive features of the method and the microwave oven according to the invention are stated in the appended claims.
The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to a preferred, non-restricting embodiment illustrated in the drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows an inventive microwave oven whose door is open;
Fig. 2 is a block diagram illustrating cooperating functional units of the oven during implementation of the inventive method, and Fig. 3 is a flow chart illustrating a preprogrammed cooking or heating program for controlling the micropro-cessor of the control unit.
The microwave oven illustrated in Fig. 1 has an external casing 1, and an oven door 2 for closing the cavity 3, in which a crisp plate 4 is arranged. The crisp plate 4 is made of sheet aluminium of small thermal mass and its underside is provided with a microwave-absorbing layer of rubber-borne ferrite. Preferably, the ferrite material employed has a Curie point at which ceases the layer's energy absorption from the microwaves, which means that the temperature of the upper side of the crisp plate that comes into contact with the food stabilises in 2l~g3l a temperature range of 130-230C. The crisp plate is adapted to rotate during the cooking or heating proce-dure. SE Patent Specification 9003104-8, as well as the applicant's microwave ovens of type designations VIP20 and VIP27, illustrates a more detailed construction of the crisp plate as well as its rotary mechanism.
The microwaves are fed to the cavity 3 through one or more feed openings (not shown) which communicate with the microwave radiation source 20 (normally a magnetron) of the oven (see Fig. 2) via waveguides. In the illu-strated oven, the magnetron, the associated waveguide system, the power unit 19 for operating the magnetron, and the control unit 15 are disposed behind the control panel 5. In a preferred embodiment of the microwave-feed system, use is made of an upper and a lower feed opening, which are provided in the right-hand lateral wall of the cavity, whereas the remainder of t~he feed system is designed to feed polarised microwaves through these open-ings. For more detailed information on the construction of the microwave-feed system, reference is made to SE
Patent Specification 9003012-3, as well as to the applicant's microwave ovens mentioned in the foregoing.
A grill element (not shown) is arranged in the ceil-ing of the cavity, e.g. in the manner described in SE
Patent Specification 9201786-2. The grill element may be a so-called "grill tube", a quartz tube or a halogen-radiation source. Instances of concrete designs are found in the applicant's microwave oven of type designation VIP20.
The control panel 5 has a display 6 which, control-led by the control unit 15, represents, among other things, symbols or plain-text messages for selected pro-grams, and the ro~; n; ng cooking or heating time, i.e.
verifies the user's selections made via the control panel as well as provides other information on how the cooking or heating proceeds.
21~5931 The control button 7 is used for selecting heating through the feeding of microwaves to the cavity. The button 8 is used for activating the grill element of the oven, and the desired time is set by the knob 9. These basic options have their equivalence in a conventional oven and supplement the inventive option to select from a given number of preprogrammed cooking or heating programs for specific types of food while utilising the interplay of the direct-acting microwaves, the crisp plate and the grill element. The removable crisp plate may be replaced with an ordinary rotary bottom plate in the case heating involves direct-acting microwaves only. When selecting the preprogrammed programs, the knob 9 also serves for manual inputting of the weight of the food.
The buttons 10 and 11 are provided for, respec-tively, starting and switching off the oven. The keyset 12 serves to input the food-category information and, hence, to select a preprogrammed cooking or heating pro-gram. For instance, the buttons may, from top to bottom, concern the heating of deep-frozen pizza, the heating of deep-frozen pie, the heating of deep-frozen potato pro-ducts, such as chips, and the heating of deep-frozen chicken parts. The operation of a button entails simulta-neous input of complete food-category information, i.e.
information on the type of food and its initial state (e.g. deep-frozen). In a modified embodiment of the oven, the buttons are divided into two sets, in which case the information on the type of food is inputted via one set and the information on the initial state of the food is inputted via the other set. In the simplest embodiment of the oven, only one food category is used, which means that only one button is required. All the buttons, as well as the knob and the display, are in communication with the control unit 15. On the upper side of the oven, there are provided ventilation holes 13 communicating with the evacuation channel (not shown) of the cavity that is provided in the space between the ceiling of the 21~5931 cavity and the external casing 1. In view of single-phase connection to the mains, the oven has a flex 14 with a plug.
The block diagram of Fig. 2 shows the control unit 15 and the microprocessor and its associated program memory 16. The user information is inputted to the con-trol unit via the block 17, which represents the control buttons and the knob described above. The control unit controls the display 6. Via a driver 18 and a microwave power unit 19, the control unit 15 controls the microwave radiation source 20, and hence the feeding of microwaves to the cavity 3. Via a driver 21, the control unit 15 controls the grill element 22, and hence the IR radiation fed to the cavity 3. For more detailed information on the construction of these functional units, reference is made to the above-mentioned patents as well as to the microwave ovens manufactured by the applicant.
Alternatively, the weight information is automati-cally supplied to the control unit by a weight sensor 23 (indicated by dashed lines). The weight sensor 23 is dis-posed adjacent to the crisp plate 3 and senses the weight of the food placed on the plate. For instance, the weight sensor may be of the design described in SE Patent Speci-fication 9300291-3.
In Fig. 3, the flow chart illustrating a prepro-grammed cooking or heating program comprises three suc-cessive time periods Tl, T2 and T3. For each period, the expected duration Tle, T2e and T3e is calculated on the basis of the weight w of the food and a constant kl, k2 and k3, respectively, determined by the food category, according to Tle = kl o w T2e = k2 o w T3e = k3 o w During each period, the feeding of microwaves and, hence, the crisp plate as well as the grill element are activated at power levels determined by the food cate-214593~
gory. The power levels for, respectively, the microwaves and the grill element during the associated periods are designated, respectively, PM1, PM2 and PM3 and PGl, PG2 and PG3. These power levels are optimised for each food category and may, in a further development of the oven, vary during the time periods. Also the constants kl, k2 and k3 are optimised for each food category. In a further development of the oven, the supplied microwave power may be distributed between different feed openings to enable energy to be distributed between bottom heat from the crisp plate and microwave heating of the interior of the food. Such distribution can be achieved by using a micro-wave-feed system of the type described in SE Patent Spe-cification 9302302-6.
The program illustrated in the flow chart of Fig. 3 runs through the following steps, where Y represents "yes" and N represents "no".
sl. Start.
s2. Detection of the net weight w of the food.
s3. Calculation of Tle, T2e and T3e, respectively.
s4. Microwaves at the power PMl. Grill on the power PG1.
Decrementation of Tle.
s5. Tle = 0? If Y, proceed to s6. If N, return to s4.
s6. Microwaves at the power PM2. Grill on the power PG2.
Decrementation of T2e.
s7. T2e = 0? If Y, proceed to s8. If N, return to s6.
s8. Microwaves at the power PM3. Grill on the power PG3.
Decrementation of T3e.
s9. T3e = 0? If Y, proceed to slO. If N, return to s8.
s10. End of the program.
It will be appreciated that those skilled in the art are well qualified to develop the described program with-in the scope of the invention. For instance, the tempera-ture of the ventilating air may be sensed by a tempera-ture sensor arranged in the evacuation ~hAnn~l of thecavity. On the basis of the initial temperature sensed, compensatory corrections are made of the constants 21~5931 , selected through the food category and used for calculat-ing the expected duration of the time periods of the pro-gram. One thus elim;n~tes any effect of the oven being heated even at the start. Another conceivable further development would be to supply the control unit with information on the temperature of the crisp plate as a further control parameter. When implementing the method, use can be made of so-called fuzzy logic decisions. Any modifications derived therefrom are but measures of con-venience to be regarded as encompassed by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (15)
1. A method for controlling a procedure for cook-ing or heating food in a microwave oven by using the microwave radiation source of the oven and a microwave-activable bottom heater (4) in the form of a receptacle, a plate or a carrier on which the food is placed, which act as separate heat sources for the food and are con-trollable via the control unit (15) of the oven, c h a r a c t e r i s e d by the steps of - supplying the oven with food-category information on the food, - supplying information on the weight (w) of the food, - selecting, on the basis of the food-category infor-mation supplied, a cooking or heating program divided into one or more time periods, - calculating the expected duration (T1e, T2e, ...) of each time period on the basis of the weight information as well as parameter information (k1, k2, ...) determined by the food category, - activating, during each time period, said heat sources at power levels and for activation times in accordance with the selected program, - decrementing the time periods to zero from the calcu-lated value (T1e, T2e, ...) after starting the program, - ending each time period when it has been decremented to zero, and - ending the program when all the time periods have been run through.
2. A method as set forth in claim 1, in which the microwave oven further comprises a top heater in the form of a grill element or some other equivalent electric IR-radiation element as an additional controllable heat source, c h a r a c t e r i s e d by the further step of - activating the top heater in accordance with the selected program.
3. A method as set forth in claim 1, in which the microwave oven is equipped with a weight sensor (23) dis-posed adjacent to said receptacle, plate or carrier, c h a r a c t e r i s e d by supplying the information on the weight of the food automatically via the weight sen-sor when starting the cooking or heating program.
4. A method as set forth in claim 1, in which the microwave oven has a control panel provided with means (9) for inputting information on the weight of the food, c h a r a c t e r i s e d by inputting the information on the weight of the food manually by the operator via said means before starting the cooking or heating pro-gram.
5. A method as set forth in claim 1, in which the program is divided into time periods T1, T2, ... Tn with associated constants k1, k2, ... kn selected through the food category, c h a r a c t e r i s e d by calculating the expected duration T1e, T2e, ... Tne of each time period on the basis of the weight (w) of the food according to T1e = k1 ? w T2e = k2 ? w . . .
Tne = kn ? w
Tne = kn ? w
6. A microwave oven comprising a cavity (3), a microwave radiation source (20) for feeding microwaves to the cavity, a microwave-activable bottom heater (4) in the form of a receptacle, a plate or a carrier on which food is placed for heating or cooking, a control unit (15) for controlling the bottom heater as well as the feeding of microwaves to the cavity, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that it has means (12) for supplying the control unit with food-category information on the food, as well as means (9) for supplying the con-trol unit with information on the weight of the food, and that the microprocessor (16) of the control unit is pro-grammed to implement the following functions:
- selecting, on the basis of the food-category informa-tion supplied, a cooking or heating program divided into one or more time periods (T1, T2, ...), - calculating the expected duration (T1e, T2e, ...) of each time period on the basis of the weight informa-tion (w) as well as parameter information (k1, k2, ...) determined by the food category, - activating the microwave radiation source (20), and hence the bottom heater (4), at power levels and for activation times in accordance with the selected pro-gram, - decrementing the time periods to zero from the calcu-lated value (T1e, T2e, ...) after starting the program, - ending each time period when it has been decremented to zero, and - ending the program when all the time periods have been run through.
- selecting, on the basis of the food-category informa-tion supplied, a cooking or heating program divided into one or more time periods (T1, T2, ...), - calculating the expected duration (T1e, T2e, ...) of each time period on the basis of the weight informa-tion (w) as well as parameter information (k1, k2, ...) determined by the food category, - activating the microwave radiation source (20), and hence the bottom heater (4), at power levels and for activation times in accordance with the selected pro-gram, - decrementing the time periods to zero from the calcu-lated value (T1e, T2e, ...) after starting the program, - ending each time period when it has been decremented to zero, and - ending the program when all the time periods have been run through.
7. A microwave oven as set forth in claim 6, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that the means for supplying the control unit (15) with information on the weight (w) of the food comprise a weight sensor (23) disposed adja-cent to said receptacle, plate or carrier in order to automatically sense the weight of the food when a program is started.
8. A microwave oven as set forth in claim 6, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that the means for supplying the control unit (15) with information on the weight of the food comprise a means forming part of a control panel (5) of the oven and adapted for manual inputting of the weight of the food.
9. A microwave oven as set forth in claim 8, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that the inputting means is in the form of a knob (9), which is used also for setting the desired cooking or heating time when the preprogram-med programs are not being used.
10. A microwave oven as set forth in claim 6, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that the means for supply-ing the control unit (15) with food-category information on the food are conceived as an operating means for sup-plying a parameter which is based on the type of food and its initial state and which corresponds to a cooking or heating program stored in the control unit.
11. A microwave oven as set forth in claim 6, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that the means for supply-ing the control unit (15) with food-category information on the food are conceived as first means for supplying a food-type parameter and second means for supplying a food-state parameter, the combination of these parameters corresponding to a cooking or heating program stored in the control unit.
12. A microwave oven as set forth in claim 6, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that it has a control panel (5) provided with a display (6) for showing a designa-tion, a symbol or a plain-text message indicating the cooking or heating program selected.
13. A microwave oven as set forth in claim 6, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that it has a top heater in the form of a grill element or some other equivalent electric IR-radiation element which can be controlled via the control unit in respect of activation time and heat-ing power in accordance with the selected program.
14. A microwave oven as set forth in claim 6, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that it has a rotary crisp plate (4) which is made of metal and has a small thermal mass, a microwave-absorbing layer being provided on the underside of the plate, that a grill element is arranged in the ceiling of the cavity, and that the oven has a microwave-feed system having a feed opening on a level with the crisp plate (4) and adapted to feed polarised microwaves whose E-vector or H-vector extends substan-tially in the plane of the microwave-absorbing layer.
15. The use of a microwave oven, which has a rotary and microwave-absorbing crisp plate (4) arranged in the oven cavity (3), as well as a grill element arranged in the ceiling of the cavity, for automatic cooking or heating of food according to preprogrammed cooking or heating programs that can be selected on the basis of information on the weight of the food as well as on the basis of food-category information on the type of food and its initial state, which is supplied to the oven.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE9402062-5 | 1994-06-13 | ||
| SE9402062A SE502883C2 (en) | 1994-06-13 | 1994-06-13 | Control method for a microwave oven, microwave oven and its use for cooking / heating a food product according to the control procedure |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2145931A1 true CA2145931A1 (en) | 1995-12-14 |
Family
ID=20394360
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002145931A Abandoned CA2145931A1 (en) | 1994-06-13 | 1995-03-30 | Method for controlling a microwave oven, microwave oven and its use for cooking or heating food in accordance with the method |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0688147B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH07332678A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100339949B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1093242C (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2145931A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69525990T2 (en) |
| SE (1) | SE502883C2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1997000596A1 (en) * | 1995-06-15 | 1997-01-03 | Aktiebolaget Electrolux | An oven for the preparation of food |
| EP0792083B1 (en) * | 1996-02-23 | 1999-07-28 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | A method for controlling a microwave oven to prevent overcooking of small food portions |
| TW410260B (en) * | 1997-10-30 | 2000-11-01 | Toshiba Corp | Microwave oven |
| US6166362A (en) * | 1999-01-14 | 2000-12-26 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Automatic cooking control method for a microwave oven |
| CN100432542C (en) * | 2004-11-26 | 2008-11-12 | 乐金电子(天津)电器有限公司 | Cooking adjusting method for cooking utensile with heater |
| ES2371757T3 (en) * | 2005-09-21 | 2012-01-09 | Whirlpool Corporation | METHOD OF OPERATION OF AN OVEN THAT HAS A HEATING SYSTEM, A MICROWAVE SYSTEM AND A STEAM SYSTEM. |
| CN102649496A (en) * | 2011-02-23 | 2012-08-29 | 李文庆 | Novel combination of foods and kitchen appliances |
| CN102261680A (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2011-11-30 | 关义清 | Microwave oven control device |
| CN102929310A (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2013-02-13 | 苏州华美电器有限公司 | Automatic control system and control method of electrical heating power |
| CN105222185B (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2017-09-19 | 广东美的厨房电器制造有限公司 | The control method of micro-wave oven |
| WO2019090260A1 (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2019-05-09 | Brava Home, Inc. | Spectral power density configuration in a cooking instrument |
| CN108826382B (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2020-11-13 | 嘉兴鼎尚信息科技有限公司 | Automatic microwave oven control system of adjusting |
| CN109253475B (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2020-07-03 | 广东美的厨房电器制造有限公司 | Control method, cooking apparatus, and computer-readable storage medium |
| CN112996161B (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2022-08-23 | 青岛海尔电冰箱有限公司 | Control method for heating device and heating device |
| US20230199921A1 (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2023-06-22 | Whirlpool Corporation | Tunable nanowires blended rapid heating plate |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4970374A (en) * | 1988-09-02 | 1990-11-13 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Automatic heating appliance with weight sensor |
| JP2680716B2 (en) * | 1990-04-26 | 1997-11-19 | シャープ株式会社 | microwave |
| SE465495B (en) * | 1990-09-21 | 1991-09-16 | Whirlpool Int | MICROWAVE OVEN, METHOD FOR EXCITING THE CAVITY IN A MICROWAVE OVEN, AND GUIDANCE MANUAL FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE METHOD |
| SE467336B (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1992-06-29 | Whirlpool Int | MICROWAVE OVEN WITH BROWNERS, BROWN PLATE FOR USE IN A MICROWAVE OVEN |
| CA2077018C (en) * | 1991-08-30 | 1997-04-15 | Kazunari Nishii | Cooking appliance |
| SE470343B (en) * | 1992-06-10 | 1994-01-24 | Whirlpool Int | Microwave oven |
| SE500823C2 (en) * | 1993-01-29 | 1994-09-12 | Whirlpool Europ | Microwave with weighing device |
-
1994
- 1994-06-13 SE SE9402062A patent/SE502883C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1995
- 1995-03-30 CA CA002145931A patent/CA2145931A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-05-12 EP EP95107196A patent/EP0688147B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-05-12 DE DE69525990T patent/DE69525990T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-06 JP JP7139432A patent/JPH07332678A/en active Pending
- 1995-06-13 CN CN95105679A patent/CN1093242C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-06-13 KR KR1019950015469A patent/KR100339949B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH07332678A (en) | 1995-12-22 |
| SE9402062L (en) | 1995-12-14 |
| CN1122892A (en) | 1996-05-22 |
| SE502883C2 (en) | 1996-02-12 |
| EP0688147B1 (en) | 2002-03-27 |
| DE69525990D1 (en) | 2002-05-02 |
| DE69525990T2 (en) | 2002-10-02 |
| KR960003503A (en) | 1996-01-26 |
| EP0688147A1 (en) | 1995-12-20 |
| KR100339949B1 (en) | 2002-10-31 |
| CN1093242C (en) | 2002-10-23 |
| SE9402062D0 (en) | 1994-06-13 |
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