CA2143059A1 - Anchoring device for unbrellas - Google Patents

Anchoring device for unbrellas

Info

Publication number
CA2143059A1
CA2143059A1 CA002143059A CA2143059A CA2143059A1 CA 2143059 A1 CA2143059 A1 CA 2143059A1 CA 002143059 A CA002143059 A CA 002143059A CA 2143059 A CA2143059 A CA 2143059A CA 2143059 A1 CA2143059 A1 CA 2143059A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
sleeve
locking
handle
channel
coupling sleeve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
CA002143059A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Bernard Plourde
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to CA002143059A priority Critical patent/CA2143059A1/en
Publication of CA2143059A1 publication Critical patent/CA2143059A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45BWALKING STICKS; UMBRELLAS; LADIES' OR LIKE FANS
    • A45B11/00Umbrellas characterised by their shape or attachment
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80Ground anchors
    • E02D5/801Ground anchors driven by screwing
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04HBUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/22Sockets or holders for poles or posts
    • E04H12/2207Sockets or holders for poles or posts not used
    • E04H12/2215Sockets or holders for poles or posts not used driven into the ground
    • E04H12/2223Sockets or holders for poles or posts not used driven into the ground by screwing

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)

Abstract

An anchoring device for anchoring a post into a ground surface made of granular material. The anchoring device is particularly well adapted to anchor a beach umbrella into the sand. The anchoring device has a sleeve section and an integrally extending insertion section. The sleeve section defines a post receiving channel adapted to receive the post. The insertion section has a conically tapering configuration. A pair of parallel insertion threads extends integrally from the outer surface of the insertion section and a portion of the sleeve section. The parallel threads facilitate the insertion into the sand and further stabilize the device. A locking sleeve extends integrally from the sleeve section adjacent its top end. The locking sleeve defines a threaded locking channel that emerges into the post receiving channel. A handle sleeve also extends integrally from the sleeve section. The handle sleeve is diametrically opposed to the locking sleeve. The handle sleeve defines a handle channel that also emerges into the post receiving channel. A locking-handle component having an "L"-shaped configuration and a threaded end section are adapted to be slidably inserted into the handle sleeve channel and threadaly inserted into the locking channel for respectively acting as a handle and releasably locking the post into the post receiving channel.

Description

21~3059 PATENT APPLICATION
OF
BERNARD PLOURDE
FOR AN

ANC HC~IN5~ DEVIrT~ FQR ITMRRlRT.T.A.C

P l~.. rl ~ nF 1h-~ ,T '' The present invention relates to the field of devices for Anrhnrin~ articles into the ground and is particularly l~nn~PrnPd with an Ant~hnr~nq device for anchorlng a beach umbrella into a ground surface.

d - prinr Art Beach umbrellas are typically used to provide shading areas on sunny 20 beaches. The uullv~lliollal beach umbrella includes a canopy mounted on a set of ribs that are attached to the upper end section of an umbrella post. A ring is slidably mounted on the post. Spreaders are individually and piVotAIly attached at one of their ends to the ring and at their other end to a .... ~ ng ~ib. The canopy is adapted to be moved between an open position wherein it provides shading and a closed position wherein it fArilitAt~c handling and storage. The lower end section of the ~ul-v~:llliul~al umbrella post typically has a 5llhs~AntiAlly pointed ~30~
gencral r~ fig~ ti~n that facilitates the anchoring of the umbrella into the ground as will be hercinafter disclosed.

The bcach umbrella is usually carried and anchored to appropriate location by the user.
The beach umbrella is typically anchored into a ground surface which consists of granular material such as sand or the like. To anchor a ~u..v, ' beach umbrella into the ground, the user typically pushcs the pointed lower section of the umbrella pole into the ground. The pressure of the ground on the outer surface of the submerged lower section provides lateral support for the umbrella.

The ~.o~ Liu..ll beach umbrella has proven to be ~ r~ ,y in situations wherein a firln lateral support is required as for example when the beach umbrella is subject to adverse ~.uvilOIl--~ Lal elements such as wind. Also, the support providcd by the ~;uuv~uLiOI~al beach umbrellas amchoring post, has proven to be ~ r~ y when the ground into which it is anchored is palli~ulauly friable.

r~l.L;.~ ol-;, users anchoring the ~oll~llLiOI.al beach umbrella into the ground must sometimes use a I ' ' 1. amount of force to insert the pointed lower section into the ground.

Accordingly, various attempts have been made to circumvent the above mentioned disadvantages by providing am amchoring structure that includes a thread-like component ~ 21430~9 positioned adjacent the lower end of thc anchoring post. The threadlike component increases the lateral support of the ground on the post and facilitates the insertion of the post into the ground.

Examples of prior art anchoring devices using threadlike ,-oul~r include U. S.
Patent 2,211,283 issued to David Laughlin Mercer on August 13,1940, U. S. Patent 2,168,830 issued to J. B. Schroth on August 8, 1939, and U. S. Patent 2,643,834 issued to D.
Brown on 3une 30, 1gS3. Although the hereinabove mentioned patents disclose structures that represent an i..l~ . over the, ~ ~iio..~.l pointed tip umbrella posts, these structures 10 ~ oo suffer from a set of drawbacks.

Firstly, these structures are relatively complex amd thus relatively expensive to ".~. ,., r~ . Sccondly, the structures have proven to be Ull~, ,, ' I in use and have also proven to be inefficient in providing adequate lateral support for the umbrella.

SummarV of the Invention ~

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved anchoring device for umbrellas. The anchoring device in accordance with the present 20 invention will allow for an ~ .~,o"r,..li~l usage to facilitate the insertion of the anchoring device into the ground.

21430~
The anchoring device in accordance with the present invention is adapted to provide an improved lateral support for the umbrella.

The anchoring device in accordance with the present invention is particularly adapted to conform to ~ . ' forms of r ' q, be of simple construdion and easy to use, as to provide am amchoring device that will be çconomir~lly feasible, long lasting and relatively t~-oublc-free in operation.

In accordance with an ~ b~ ' of the present mvention, there is provided an 10 anchoring device for anchoring a post into a ground surface, the anchoring devioe comprising a sl~hcf!~n~i~lly elongated body defining a body first end and a body second end,a coupling sleeve extending l~ lly through a portion of the body, the coupling sleevc defining a coupling sleeve channel, the coupling sleeve channel extending from the body first end to a coupling sleeve bottom wall, the coupling sleeve charmel having a coupling sleeve peripheral wall, the coupling sleeve peripheral wall having a coupling sleeve peripheral wall inner surface and a coupling sleeve peripheral wall outer surface; an insertion sedion extending intcgrally from the coupling sleeve bottom wall, the insertion section having a ~lbsl~n~ ly conically tapering l-onfj~ n, the insertion section having an insertion section outer surface; a locking slccve extending integrally from the coupling sleeve peripheral wall outer 20 surface adjacent the body first end, the locking sleeve having a locking sleeve channel extending ~ lh~u ~11, the locking sleeve channel emerging into the coupling sleeve charmel, the locking sleeve channel and the coupling sleeve channel being in a ~llhct~n~i~lly 2~D~9 p~il,u~ di~ u relationship relatively to one another, the locking sleeve channel being provided with a lockirlg slecve chalmel screw-thread; a handle sleeve extending integrally from the coupling sleeve peripheral wall outer surface adjacent the body first end, the handle sleeve having a handle sleeve channel extending Ih~l~lh.uu~ll, the handle sleeve channel emerging into the coupling sleeve channel, the handle sleeve channel and the coupling sleeve channel being in a sllhct~nti~llly perpendicular 1~ ' , relatively to one amother; an insertion thread means for allowing the anchoring device to be threadaly inserted into the ground surface, the insertion thread means extendimg integrally from the insertion section outer surface amd from at least a segment of the coupling sleeve peripheral wall outer surface.

C~ ui~ ly~ the locking sleeve and the handle sleeve are in a sl~bst~nti~lly r~lly opposed relationship relatively to one another.

Preferrably, the anchoring device further includes a 1~ rul~u~ l ring extending integrally from the coupling sleeve peripheral wall outer surface between the locking sleeve and the handle sleeve.

C~ ;.l.lly, the insertion thread means is a pair of parallel threads.

Preferrably, the insertion thread means extends from the body second end to an insertion thread initial location located " the body first end and the insertion section, the insertion thread initial location being spaced from the locking sleeve and the 21~30~9 handle slecve by a distance that l ullu~v~ substantially tû the width of a human hand.

Preferrably, the handle sleeve channel has a handle sleeve chalmel diameter and thc locking sleeve chammel has a locking sleeve channel diameter, the handle sleeve channel diameter being slightly larger then the locking sleeve diameter.

In a prefercd embodiment, the ancoring device further comprises a locking-handlc rn~rnnrnt the locking-handle component having a substantially "L"-shapcd general 10 r,nnfig " , the lO~ L h:mdle component having a first ~ 'Iy rectilinear segment extending integrally into a substantially bended elbow segment which in turn extends integrally into a second ' 'Iy rectilinear segment, the first s~b~nt~ y rectilinear segment bcing provided with an outwardly e~tending locking-hamdle component thread, the first rectilinear segment being slidably insertable into the handle sleeve channel and threadaly insertable into the locking sleeve channel.

Brief Dcscription of the Drawin~s An ~ odill~ of the present invention will now be described, by way of example, in 20 reference to the following drawings in which:

EIGURE 1: in a perspective view, illustrates an anchorrng device in accordance with an 2143~59 with an: - ' ' of the present invention;

FIGIJRr~ Z: in a P~ l~ue~uv~ view, illlletrA~PR an Anrhnrin~ device in accordance with an L..~bo,'' ' of the present invention being threadaly inserted into the ground;

EIGURE 3: in a pc~ .Uv~ v~ew, ~ ctrAtPc an _, ~ device in ac.ulda~
with an ' '' ' of the present invention inserted into the ground and supporting a ~ul-v~Uul-al beach umbrella;

rlR~ 4: in a lnn~it~l iinAl cross ~ liu-lal view, illllRtr:ltPR a beach umbrella in a~:uLd~l~ with an ~..~o~'' ' of the present invention.

n ~ n Referrlng to figure 1, there ic shown an ~ device 10 in a--uldal-.,d with an ' - '' ' of the present invent~on. The An.-hnr~ng devlce lû has a 6llhctAnti~lly elongated general ~u~iyul~Uull defining a first lnn~itllfl~nAl end 12 and a second lnn~if~l-'iinAl end 14. A coupling section 16 and an integrally 20 PYtPn~iin~ ingertion section 18 are both pn~ IP~ tP the first ,~ l end 12 and the second lnng~tll~'iinAl end 14.

As illllRtrAtP-I more RrerifinAlly in figure 4, the coupling section 16 includes a coupling sleeve 22 and a locking ' 2û. The coupling sleeve 22 has an open top sllhctAntiAlly cy~indrical generAl configurat~on.

2~30~
The coupling sleeve 22 has a couphng sleeve pPrirhPr~l wall 24 and a coupling sleeve bottom wall 26. The coupling Dleeve pPrirhPr~l wall 24 extends from the first l~n~it-lflin~l end 12 to the bottom wall 26. The coupling sleeve 22 defines an open top coupling sleeve channel 28. The coupling sleeve channel 28 is adapted to slidably receive an upper post section P part of a ~ v~ iwlal umbrella U, such as the one 1111lctr~tPfl~ in figure 3.

The locking, , ~ 20 is p-~ Dfl adjacent the first lnn~itllflin~l end 12. The locking, _~nPnt 20 includes a locking sleeve 30 and a handle receiving sleeve 32. The locking 61eeve 30 extendg integra~y and ,~.. 1.~,l,.. l i,.lly pC~L~._...ll. ..li~rly from the outer surface of the coupling sleeve pPr~rhPr~l waU 24.
The locking sleeve 30 has a locking gleeve channel 34 PlrtPnflin~ e l l . . .J~.~h The locking sleeve channel 34 emerges into the coupling sleeve channel 28. The locking sleeve channel 34 is in a sllhst~nti~lly perppnf~ r rpl~tit~nch1r with the coupling ~leeve channel 28.

The locking sleeve channel 34 is provided with a set of locking channel screw-threads. The locking sleeve channel 34 is adapted to threadaly receive a bolt-like _ The bolt-like _ ' is adapted to lockingly abut against a post P inserted into the coupling sleeve channel 28 for Fri~t1~nn;~11y and revOEsibly locking the post P inside the coupling sleeve channel 28.

The handle receivlng sleeve 32 also extendg integraUy and D~ -l ~l ~, l i..lly 21~30~
l,.. ly from the outer surface of the coupling sleeve peripheral wall ~4. The handle receiving sleeve 32 is preferably positioned in a fli~ nr.trir~lly opposed .~ io~ relatively to the lockirlg sleeve 30. The handle reoeiving sleeve 32 has a handle rcceiving sleeve channel 36 extending Ill~ luuu61~. The handle receiving sleeve chalmel 36 emerges into the coupling sleeve channel 28. The handle receiving sleeve channel 36 is in a s~hs~Anti~lly p~ u.,lnli~,ul~ l~,I..lio..~hi~ with the coupling sleeve channel 28.

The handle receiving sleeve channel 36 is adapted to slidably receive a handle-like component that can be graspcd by the user when the anchoring device 10 is being inserted 10 into the ground. The handle receiving sleeve channel 36 has a diameter that preferably slightly exceeds the diameter of the locking sleeve channel 34. A ~ ,ll1 ring 38 preferably extends integrally from the outer surface of the coupling sleeve peripheral wall 24 m between the locking sleeve 30 and a handle receiving sleeve 32.

The anchoring device 10 preferably includes a lo~,hi..6 handle component 40. The locking-handle component 40 has a substantially "L"-shaped general ~rmfi~llr~ion The locking-handle component 40 has a first rectilinear segment 42 that extcnds integrally into a s-lh~ nti~lly bent elbow segment 44 which in tum extends integrally into a second rectilinear segment 46. The first rcctilinear segment 4~ is typically longer then the second rectilinear 20 segment 46. The distal end of the first rectilinear segment 42 positioned opposite the elbow segment 44 is provided with a set of external l~,hi..6 h_..dlc component screw threads 48 over a distance that exceeds slightly the length of the lockmg sleeve channel 34.

2~3~59 The insertion section 18 e~tends integrally from the lower peripheral edge of the coupling slceve peripheral wall 24 and from the coupling sleeve bottom wall 26. The insertion section 18 llas a 5~hff~nfi~11y conical general rnnfi~llr~tinn that terminates into a point 50 at its apex.

A pair of insertion thrcads 52 and 54 extend integrally from the outer surface of both the coupling section 16 and the insertion section 18. The insertion threads 52 and 54 both extend fror~ a thread initial position located inff- ' the first lnn~jfll~lin~l end 12 and the second In,.~ ...l;..,.l end 14 to a thread final position located adjacent the second In cil...l;,--10 end 14. A grasping section E extends on the outer surface of the coupling sleeve peripheralwall 24 bet~veen the locking component 20 and the thread initial position. The grasping section is preferably sized to allow its fflrasping by a typical human hand.

In use, as illustrated in figure 3, the anchoring device 10 is adapted to amchor a v~ lioll~l beach umbrella U into the ground G. Typically, the anchoring device 10 is adapted to anchor the umbrella U into a substantially granular material such as a volume of sand or the like. The umbrella includes a main post P on which is collapsibly mounted a canopy C attached to a set of ribs R.

The anchoring device 10 is preferably inserted into the ground G by a screwing operation. In order to facilitate the screwing of the anchoring device 10 into the ground G, the 21~3~9 first rPriilin~r segment 42 of the locking-handle 40 is first inserted into the handle receiving sleeve channel 36. The handle receiving sleeve channel 36 is sized to allow the first rPci~ilin~r segment 42 to be slidably inserted into the latter.

As illllctr~tpd in phantom lines in the left section of figure 4 and in figure 2, once tl1e first reriilinp~r segment 42 is inserted into the handle receiving sleeve channel 36, it is adapted to act as a handle that f~rili~AtPc the rotation of the Anrhrring device 10 about its 1~...,.,111 ...lll-iql axig. The rotation of the ~nrh~,ring 10 device i8 ~ ly indicated in ffgure 2 by the arrows A while the resultlng p~ . ., of the anchoring device 10 in the ground G is ~ lly indicated by the arrow B.

Not only does the locking-handle 40 allow for a good grip, as illllcir~Pd in figure 2, but it also increases the distance between the force applied by the user and the rotatlon axis and thus increases the effective torgue ' to the anchoring device 10 by the hands H of the user. During the lnitlal I . ~ of the screw~ng action, the user might wlsh to stabilize the anchoring device 10 by grasping the grasping section E while using the locking-2 0 handle _ 40 to exert a torgue .

At a later stage of the screwing action, when the torgue, ~1~l,-,-- _ increases due to the p-- --l ..l i of the insertion section 18 into the ground G, the user may whish to add aflflitirn~l torgue by pushing unto the locking sleeve 30 while puliing unto the locking-handle ~ _ 40 as illllctr~t~fl in ffgure 2. Typically, the ~nrhrring device is threadably inserted 21430~9 into the ground until the ground surface reaches the thread initial position.

One of the mam features of the present invention resides in the use of a pair of parallel insertion threads 52 and 54 instead of a single thread. The use of parallel threads 52 and 54 not only facilitates the insertion of the anchoring device 10 into the ground 10 but it also increases the stability of the anchoring device 10 once it is inserted into the ground G.

Once the amchoring device 10 is properly inserted into the ground G, the first rectilinear segment 42 is slidably removed from the handle receiving sleeve channel 36 and 10 the lower end portion of the umbrella post P is slidably inserted into the coupling sleeve charmel 28.

Another main feature of the present invention resides in the fact that once the umbrella post P is inserted mto the coupling sleeve channel 28, the sa~ne locking-handle component 40 that was used as a handle can now be used to releasably lock the umbrella post P into the coupling sleeve channel 28.

To lock the lower end section of the umbrella post into the coupling sleeve channel 28, the distal threaded end of the first rectilinear segment 42 is threadaly inserted into the 20 locking sleeve channel 34 until it abuttingly contacts the outer surface of the umbrella post P, as illustrated in the right side of figure 4. The rotation of the first rectilinear segment 42 in d~c loci Ing sleeve cha~nel 34 is f~cili~g ed by he plcseocc ol Ihe ~ ~ond rcllilinc~ seg enl 2~3~
46 that can easily be grasp by the user.
Once the distal end of the first rectilirlear segment 4Z abuttingly contacts the outcr surface of the umbrella post P the contact is tightened to frictionnally lock the lower end section of tlle umbrella post into the coupling sleeve charmel 28. When the umbrella U and the anchoring device 10 need to be removed, the h.,~ ,rolci mentioned steps merely need to be reversed.

Claims (7)

1. An anchoring device for anchoring a post into a ground surface, said anchoring device comprising:
- a substantially elongated body defining a body first end and a body second end, - a coupling sleeve extending longitudinally through a portion of said body, said coupling sleeve defining a coupling sleeve channel, said coupling sleeve channel extending from said body first end to a coupling sleeve bottom wall, said coupling sleeve channel having a coupling sleeve peripheral wall, said coupling sleeve peripheral wall having a coupling sleeve peripheral wall inner surface and a coupling sleeve peripheral wall outer surface;
- an insertion section extending integrally from said coupling sleeve bottom wall, said insertion section having a substantially conically tapering configuration, said insertion section having an insertion section outer surface;
- a locking sleeve extending integrally from said coupling sleeve peripheral wall outer surface adjacent said body first end, said locking sleeve having a locking sleeve channel extending therethrough, said locking sleeve channel emerging into said coupling sleeve channel, said locking sleeve channel and said coupling sleeve channel being in a substantially perpendicular relationship relatively to one another, said locking sleeve channel being provided with a locking sleeve channel screw-thread;
-a handle sleeve extending integrally from said coupling sleeve peripheral wall outer surface adjacent said body first end, said handle sleeve having a handle sleeve channel extending therethrough, said handle sleeve channel emerging into said coupling sleeve channel, said handle sleeve channel and said coupling sleeve channel being in a substantially perpendicular relationship relatively to one another;
- an insertion thread means for allowing said anchoring device to be threadaly inserted into said ground surface, said insertion thread means extending integrally from said insertion section outer surface and from at least a segment of said coupling sleeve peripheral wall outer surface.
2. An anchoring device as recited in claim 1 wherein said locking sleeve and said handle sleeve are in a substantially diametrically opposed relationship relatively to one another.
3. An anchoring device as recited in claim 2 wherein said anchoring device further includes a reinforcement ring extending integrally from said coupling sleeve peripheral wall outer surface between said locking sleeve and said handle sleeve.
4. An anchoring device as recited in claim 1, wherein said insertion thread means is a pair of parallel threads.
5. An anchoring device as recited in claim 1 wherein said insertion thread means extends from said body second end to an insertion thread initial location located intermediate said body first end and said insertion section, said insertion thread initial location being spaced from said locking sleeve and said handle sleeve by a distance that corresponds substantially to the width of a human hand.
6. An anchoring device as recited in claim 1 wherein said handle sleeve channel has a handle sleeve channel diameter and said locking sleeve channel has a locking sleeve channel diameter, said handle sleeve channel diameter being slightly larger then said locking sleeve diameter.
7. An anchoring device as recited in claim 1 further comprising a locking-handle component, said locking-handle component having a substantially "L"-shaped general configuration said locking-handle component having a first substantially rectilinear segment extending integrally into a substantially bended elbow segment which in turn extends integrally into a second substantially rectilinear segment, said first substantially rectilinear segment being provided with an outwardly extending locking-handle component thread, said first rectilinear segment being slidably insertable into said handle sleeve channel and threadaly insertable into said locking sleeve channel.
CA002143059A 1995-02-21 1995-02-21 Anchoring device for unbrellas Abandoned CA2143059A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002143059A CA2143059A1 (en) 1995-02-21 1995-02-21 Anchoring device for unbrellas

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002143059A CA2143059A1 (en) 1995-02-21 1995-02-21 Anchoring device for unbrellas

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2143059A1 true CA2143059A1 (en) 1996-08-22

Family

ID=4155280

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA002143059A Abandoned CA2143059A1 (en) 1995-02-21 1995-02-21 Anchoring device for unbrellas

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CA (1) CA2143059A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6895613B1 (en) 2003-11-05 2005-05-24 Alan R. Clouston Ground cover anchor

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6895613B1 (en) 2003-11-05 2005-05-24 Alan R. Clouston Ground cover anchor

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
FZDE Discontinued