CA2130594A1 - Apparatus for forming and closing a narrow furrow - Google Patents
Apparatus for forming and closing a narrow furrowInfo
- Publication number
- CA2130594A1 CA2130594A1 CA002130594A CA2130594A CA2130594A1 CA 2130594 A1 CA2130594 A1 CA 2130594A1 CA 002130594 A CA002130594 A CA 002130594A CA 2130594 A CA2130594 A CA 2130594A CA 2130594 A1 CA2130594 A1 CA 2130594A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- ground
- opener
- closer
- furrow
- delivery conduit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/062—Devices for making drills or furrows
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/062—Devices for making drills or furrows
- A01C5/064—Devices for making drills or furrows with rotating tools
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Sowing (AREA)
Abstract
An apparatus for forming and closing a furrow is described which includes a ground opener having a ground penetrating end not exceeding 1 inches in width. The ground opener opens a narrow furrow. A delivery conduit is secured directly behind the ground penetrating end of the ground opener. The delivery conduit has a below ground end disposed next to the ground penetrating end of the ground opener whereby seed or fertilizer is delivered through the delivery conduit into the narrow furrow formed by the ground opener. A ground closer is secured to the below ground end of the delivery conduit. The ground closer is in the form of a subsurface deflector member not greater than twice of the width of the ground opener. The ground closer is disposed in axial alignment with the ground opener in a downward orientation at an angle of between 5 and 25 degrees in relation to a seed bed formed by the ground opener such that the ground closer straddles and directs soil into the narrow furrow. A short subsurface chain is secured to a remote end of the ground closer in axial alignment with the ground opener. The chain is positioned within the narrow furrow thereby breaking lumps and packing soil within the narrow furrow as the chain is dragged behind the ground closer.
Description
The present invention relates to an apparatus for forming and closing a narrow furrow.
BACKGROUND OF THE lNV~;N'l'lON
In recent years farmer~ having been critically evaluating the extent to which chemicals are used for weed control. It has been found that the use of chemicals can be reduced or eliminated if tilling practises are altered. Tillage is the act of preparing the soil for cultivation. Unfortunately, tillage not only promotes the growth of the intended crop, but also promotes the growth of weed seeds lying dormant in the soil. A type of farming has developed which is termed "no till". With this type of farming the groundcover is disturbed only to the extent absolutely necessary to deposit seed and fertilizer into the ground. The intention is to avoid promoting the growth of weeds between rows of planted seed.
A further benefit, which is by no means secondary, is that with "no till" the majority of the costs associated with tillage are avoided. "No till" farming has the potential to be a comparatively economical form of farming.
With no till, seed is planted in a narrow furrow that is closed leaving a shallow groove of black soil exposed. The groove becomes a water collector. The black soil in the groove attracts and retains heat better than surrounding soil covered by a groundcover. These two aspects of improved heat and improved moisture give the intended crop a head start over weeds resident in the soil.
Unfortunately, existing apparatus that are capable of forming and closing furrows are not suited for zero tillage farming. They tend to create too great a disturbance of the soil. This results in an overall levelling of the soil, which eliminates the water collecting groove. This also results in an excessive amount of straw being mixed into the soil and covering over the groove, which prevents the black soil from 213059~
being exposed to the sun's rays.
SUMMARY OF THE lNV~L. lION
What is required is an apparatus for forming and closing a furrow that is suitable for use with zero tillage farming.
According to the present invention there is provided an apparatus for forming and closing a furrow which includes a ground opener having a ground penetrating end not exceeding 1 1/2 inches in width. The ground opener opens a narrow furrow.
A delivery conduit is secured directly behind the ground penetrating end of the ground opener. The delivery conduit has a below ground end disposed next to the ground penetrating end of the ground opener whereby seed or fertilizer is delivered through the delivery conduit into the narrow furrow formed by the ground opener. A ground closer is secured to the below ground end of the delivery conduit. The ground closer is in the form of a subsurface deflector member not greater than twice of the width of the ground opener. The ground closer is disposed in axial alignment with the ground opener in a downward orientation at an angle of between 5 and 25 degrees in relation to a seed bed formed by the ground opener such that the ground closer straddles and directs soil into the narrow furrow. A short subsurface chain is secured to a remote end of the ground closer in axial alignment with the ground opener. The chain is positioned within the narrow furrow thereby breaking lumps and packing soil within the narrow furrow as the chain is dragged behind the ground closer.
With the apparatus, as described above, the ground opener makes a narrow furrow. The delivery conduit delivers seed into the narrow furrow. The subsurface deflector which serves as the ground closer follows behind straddling the narrow furrow. In straddling the furrow the subsurface deflector cuts down the vertical sides of the narrow furrow directing soil down upon the seed. The chain, travelling within the narrow furrow, pulverizes lumps of dirt and packs the soil.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
These and other features of the invention will become more apparent from the following description in which reference is made to the appended drawings, wherein:
FIGURE 1 is a side elevation view of a first embodiment of an apparatus for forming and closing a narrow furrow constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
FIGURE 2 is a detailed view of a ground closer portion of the apparatus illustrated in FIGURE 1.
FIGURE 3 is a section view of a narrow furrow formed using the ground opener portion of the apparatus illustrated in FIGURE 1.
FIGURE 4 a section view of a narrow furrow in the process of being closed by the ground closer portion of the apparatus illustrated in FIGURE 1.
FIGURE 5 a section view of a narrow furrow closed by the ground closer portion of the apparatus illustrated in FIGURE
1.
DE~TT.~n DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The preferred embodiment, an apparatus for forming and closing a furrow generally identified by reference numeral 10, will now be described with reference to FIGURES 1 through 5.
Referring to FIGURE 1, apparatus 10 includes a ground opener 12 having a ground penetrating end 14 not exceeding 1 1/2 inches in width. Ground opener 12 opens a narrow furrow 16 with vertical sidewalls 17, as will be further described in relation to FIGURE 3. A delivery conduit 18 i8 secured directly behind ground penetrating end 14 of ground opener 12.
Delivery conduit 18 has a below ground end 20 disposed directly behind ground penetrating end 14 of ground opener 12.
It is through delivery conduit 18 that seed or fertilizer 22 is delivered into narrow furrow 16 as formed by ground opener 12. A ground closer 24 i8 secured to below ground end 20 of delivery conduit 18. It should be noted that ground closer 24 is in the form of a subsurface deflector member not greater than twice of the width of ground opener 12. Ground closer 24 is illustrated in greater detail in FIGURE 2. Referring to FIGURE 1, ground closer 24 is disposed in axial alignment with ground opener 12 in a downward orientation. The downward angle can vary between 5 and 25 degrees in relation to a seed bed 26 formed by ground opener 12. The angle of ground opener varies with the desired penetration of ground penetrating end 14 of ground opener 12. For example, ground opener 12 may be set to a depth that will result in cereal grains positioned under 3 inches of covering soil. With oil seeds, ground opener may be set to a depth that will result in the seeds being positioned under 1 inches of cover soil. It will be appreciated that the angle of ground closer 24 must be adjusted accordingly. The greater the depth of penetration, the higher on delivery conduit 18 that ground closer 24 must be positioned. The higher the positioning on delivery conduit 18, the greater the angle. The preferred angle is normally between 5 and 15 degrees. If the angle is too steep it will soon becomes apparent as excess soil will be deflected up delivery conduit 18. Ground closer 24 straddles and directs soil into narrow furrow 16, as will be further described in relation to FIGURE 4. A short subsurface chain 28 is secured to a remote end 30 of ground closer 24 in axial alignment with ground opener 12. Chain 28 is intended to be positioned within narrow furrow 16, as will be further described in relation to FIGURE 5. Desired results have been obtained using about a half dozen links of 3/8 inch chain. FIGURE 1 illustrates an apparatus that has a second delivery conduit 21305g~
32, disposed directly behind delivery conduit 18. This second delivery conduit 32 is used with "double shoot", as will hereinafter be further described.
The use and operation of apparatus 10 will now be described in relation to FIGURES 1 through 5. Referring to FIGURE 3, ground opener 12 makes narrow furrow 16 forming seed bed 26. Delivery conduit 18 then delivers seed 22 into narrow furrow 16 and onto seed bed 26, as illustrated in FIGURE 4.
Ground closer 24 being in the form of a subsurface deflector straddles narrow furrow 16, as illustrated in FIGURE 4. In straddling narrow furrow 16, ground closer 24 cuts down vertical sidewalls 17 directing soil down upon seed 22. Short chain 28 travels within narrow furrow 16. In doing so it pulverizes lumps of dirt and packs the soil, resulting in narrow furrow 16 being closed as illustrated in FIGURE 5.
Referring to FIGURE 5, it should be noted that a top portion of narrow furrow 16, identified by reference numeral 19 remains open. Top portion 19 serves as a water collector as previously described. Some warnings are required in order to ensure that beneficial results are obtained. The width of ground closer 24 must be determined with regard to the width of ground opener 12. If ground closer 24 is pushing more soil than is required to closer narrow furrow 16, an accumulation and spillover of soil will occur which is highly undesirable.
The angle of ground closer 24 must also to selected in view of the depth of penetration of ground opener 12 in order to avoid excess soil accumulations. It is also important that chain 28 be kept short enough that it remains in a position both within narrow furrow 16 and below the subsurface of the soil. The dragging of a surface chain along the top of a groundsurface is completely contrary to the teachings of no till. It does this by levelling the groundsurface thereby destroying water collector 19. It also coveræ the black soil by mixing straw with the soil and accumulating straw, and similar groundcover 213059~
over narrow furrow 16.
Secondary delivery conduit 32 enables apparatus 10 to be used with "double shoot". By way of example, cereal grain seeds may be mixed with as much fertilizer as the seed will tolerate and delivered into narrow furrow 16 through delivery conduit 18. A further dressing of fertilizer may then be delivered through secondary delivery conduit 32, and mixed into the soil by chain 28. The seed and fertilizer delivered through delivery conduit 18 is separated by a layer of soil created by ground closer 24 from the dressing of fertilizer delivered by secondary delivery conduit 32. This is done in one pass, hence the origination of the term "double shoot".
Another example involves the planting of rape seed that does not require as much soil cover as cereal grains. Fertilizer can be delivered into narrow furrow 16 through delivery conduit 18 and then rape seed can be delivered through secondary delivery conduit 32 and mixed into the soil by chain 28.
It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the illustrated embodiment without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the Claims.
BACKGROUND OF THE lNV~;N'l'lON
In recent years farmer~ having been critically evaluating the extent to which chemicals are used for weed control. It has been found that the use of chemicals can be reduced or eliminated if tilling practises are altered. Tillage is the act of preparing the soil for cultivation. Unfortunately, tillage not only promotes the growth of the intended crop, but also promotes the growth of weed seeds lying dormant in the soil. A type of farming has developed which is termed "no till". With this type of farming the groundcover is disturbed only to the extent absolutely necessary to deposit seed and fertilizer into the ground. The intention is to avoid promoting the growth of weeds between rows of planted seed.
A further benefit, which is by no means secondary, is that with "no till" the majority of the costs associated with tillage are avoided. "No till" farming has the potential to be a comparatively economical form of farming.
With no till, seed is planted in a narrow furrow that is closed leaving a shallow groove of black soil exposed. The groove becomes a water collector. The black soil in the groove attracts and retains heat better than surrounding soil covered by a groundcover. These two aspects of improved heat and improved moisture give the intended crop a head start over weeds resident in the soil.
Unfortunately, existing apparatus that are capable of forming and closing furrows are not suited for zero tillage farming. They tend to create too great a disturbance of the soil. This results in an overall levelling of the soil, which eliminates the water collecting groove. This also results in an excessive amount of straw being mixed into the soil and covering over the groove, which prevents the black soil from 213059~
being exposed to the sun's rays.
SUMMARY OF THE lNV~L. lION
What is required is an apparatus for forming and closing a furrow that is suitable for use with zero tillage farming.
According to the present invention there is provided an apparatus for forming and closing a furrow which includes a ground opener having a ground penetrating end not exceeding 1 1/2 inches in width. The ground opener opens a narrow furrow.
A delivery conduit is secured directly behind the ground penetrating end of the ground opener. The delivery conduit has a below ground end disposed next to the ground penetrating end of the ground opener whereby seed or fertilizer is delivered through the delivery conduit into the narrow furrow formed by the ground opener. A ground closer is secured to the below ground end of the delivery conduit. The ground closer is in the form of a subsurface deflector member not greater than twice of the width of the ground opener. The ground closer is disposed in axial alignment with the ground opener in a downward orientation at an angle of between 5 and 25 degrees in relation to a seed bed formed by the ground opener such that the ground closer straddles and directs soil into the narrow furrow. A short subsurface chain is secured to a remote end of the ground closer in axial alignment with the ground opener. The chain is positioned within the narrow furrow thereby breaking lumps and packing soil within the narrow furrow as the chain is dragged behind the ground closer.
With the apparatus, as described above, the ground opener makes a narrow furrow. The delivery conduit delivers seed into the narrow furrow. The subsurface deflector which serves as the ground closer follows behind straddling the narrow furrow. In straddling the furrow the subsurface deflector cuts down the vertical sides of the narrow furrow directing soil down upon the seed. The chain, travelling within the narrow furrow, pulverizes lumps of dirt and packs the soil.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
These and other features of the invention will become more apparent from the following description in which reference is made to the appended drawings, wherein:
FIGURE 1 is a side elevation view of a first embodiment of an apparatus for forming and closing a narrow furrow constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
FIGURE 2 is a detailed view of a ground closer portion of the apparatus illustrated in FIGURE 1.
FIGURE 3 is a section view of a narrow furrow formed using the ground opener portion of the apparatus illustrated in FIGURE 1.
FIGURE 4 a section view of a narrow furrow in the process of being closed by the ground closer portion of the apparatus illustrated in FIGURE 1.
FIGURE 5 a section view of a narrow furrow closed by the ground closer portion of the apparatus illustrated in FIGURE
1.
DE~TT.~n DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The preferred embodiment, an apparatus for forming and closing a furrow generally identified by reference numeral 10, will now be described with reference to FIGURES 1 through 5.
Referring to FIGURE 1, apparatus 10 includes a ground opener 12 having a ground penetrating end 14 not exceeding 1 1/2 inches in width. Ground opener 12 opens a narrow furrow 16 with vertical sidewalls 17, as will be further described in relation to FIGURE 3. A delivery conduit 18 i8 secured directly behind ground penetrating end 14 of ground opener 12.
Delivery conduit 18 has a below ground end 20 disposed directly behind ground penetrating end 14 of ground opener 12.
It is through delivery conduit 18 that seed or fertilizer 22 is delivered into narrow furrow 16 as formed by ground opener 12. A ground closer 24 i8 secured to below ground end 20 of delivery conduit 18. It should be noted that ground closer 24 is in the form of a subsurface deflector member not greater than twice of the width of ground opener 12. Ground closer 24 is illustrated in greater detail in FIGURE 2. Referring to FIGURE 1, ground closer 24 is disposed in axial alignment with ground opener 12 in a downward orientation. The downward angle can vary between 5 and 25 degrees in relation to a seed bed 26 formed by ground opener 12. The angle of ground opener varies with the desired penetration of ground penetrating end 14 of ground opener 12. For example, ground opener 12 may be set to a depth that will result in cereal grains positioned under 3 inches of covering soil. With oil seeds, ground opener may be set to a depth that will result in the seeds being positioned under 1 inches of cover soil. It will be appreciated that the angle of ground closer 24 must be adjusted accordingly. The greater the depth of penetration, the higher on delivery conduit 18 that ground closer 24 must be positioned. The higher the positioning on delivery conduit 18, the greater the angle. The preferred angle is normally between 5 and 15 degrees. If the angle is too steep it will soon becomes apparent as excess soil will be deflected up delivery conduit 18. Ground closer 24 straddles and directs soil into narrow furrow 16, as will be further described in relation to FIGURE 4. A short subsurface chain 28 is secured to a remote end 30 of ground closer 24 in axial alignment with ground opener 12. Chain 28 is intended to be positioned within narrow furrow 16, as will be further described in relation to FIGURE 5. Desired results have been obtained using about a half dozen links of 3/8 inch chain. FIGURE 1 illustrates an apparatus that has a second delivery conduit 21305g~
32, disposed directly behind delivery conduit 18. This second delivery conduit 32 is used with "double shoot", as will hereinafter be further described.
The use and operation of apparatus 10 will now be described in relation to FIGURES 1 through 5. Referring to FIGURE 3, ground opener 12 makes narrow furrow 16 forming seed bed 26. Delivery conduit 18 then delivers seed 22 into narrow furrow 16 and onto seed bed 26, as illustrated in FIGURE 4.
Ground closer 24 being in the form of a subsurface deflector straddles narrow furrow 16, as illustrated in FIGURE 4. In straddling narrow furrow 16, ground closer 24 cuts down vertical sidewalls 17 directing soil down upon seed 22. Short chain 28 travels within narrow furrow 16. In doing so it pulverizes lumps of dirt and packs the soil, resulting in narrow furrow 16 being closed as illustrated in FIGURE 5.
Referring to FIGURE 5, it should be noted that a top portion of narrow furrow 16, identified by reference numeral 19 remains open. Top portion 19 serves as a water collector as previously described. Some warnings are required in order to ensure that beneficial results are obtained. The width of ground closer 24 must be determined with regard to the width of ground opener 12. If ground closer 24 is pushing more soil than is required to closer narrow furrow 16, an accumulation and spillover of soil will occur which is highly undesirable.
The angle of ground closer 24 must also to selected in view of the depth of penetration of ground opener 12 in order to avoid excess soil accumulations. It is also important that chain 28 be kept short enough that it remains in a position both within narrow furrow 16 and below the subsurface of the soil. The dragging of a surface chain along the top of a groundsurface is completely contrary to the teachings of no till. It does this by levelling the groundsurface thereby destroying water collector 19. It also coveræ the black soil by mixing straw with the soil and accumulating straw, and similar groundcover 213059~
over narrow furrow 16.
Secondary delivery conduit 32 enables apparatus 10 to be used with "double shoot". By way of example, cereal grain seeds may be mixed with as much fertilizer as the seed will tolerate and delivered into narrow furrow 16 through delivery conduit 18. A further dressing of fertilizer may then be delivered through secondary delivery conduit 32, and mixed into the soil by chain 28. The seed and fertilizer delivered through delivery conduit 18 is separated by a layer of soil created by ground closer 24 from the dressing of fertilizer delivered by secondary delivery conduit 32. This is done in one pass, hence the origination of the term "double shoot".
Another example involves the planting of rape seed that does not require as much soil cover as cereal grains. Fertilizer can be delivered into narrow furrow 16 through delivery conduit 18 and then rape seed can be delivered through secondary delivery conduit 32 and mixed into the soil by chain 28.
It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the illustrated embodiment without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the Claims.
Claims (3)
1. An apparatus for forming and closing a furrow, comprising:
a ground opener having a ground penetrating end not exceeding 1 inches in width, the ground opener opening a narrow furrow;
a delivery conduit secured directly behind the ground penetrating end of the ground opener, the delivery conduit having a below ground end disposed next to the ground penetrating end of the ground opener whereby seed or fertilizer is delivered through the delivery conduit into the narrow furrow formed by the ground opener;
a ground closer secured to the below ground end of the delivery conduit, the ground closer being in the form of a subsurface deflector member not greater than twice of the width of the ground opener and being disposed in axial alignment with the ground opener in a downward orientation at an angle of between 5 and 25 degrees in relation to a seed bed formed by the ground opener such that the ground closer straddles and directs soil into the narrow furrow; and a short subsurface chain secured to a remote end of the ground closer in axial alignment with the ground opener, such that the chain is positioned within the narrow furrow thereby breaking lumps and packing soil within the narrow furrow as the chain is dragged behind the ground closer.
a ground opener having a ground penetrating end not exceeding 1 inches in width, the ground opener opening a narrow furrow;
a delivery conduit secured directly behind the ground penetrating end of the ground opener, the delivery conduit having a below ground end disposed next to the ground penetrating end of the ground opener whereby seed or fertilizer is delivered through the delivery conduit into the narrow furrow formed by the ground opener;
a ground closer secured to the below ground end of the delivery conduit, the ground closer being in the form of a subsurface deflector member not greater than twice of the width of the ground opener and being disposed in axial alignment with the ground opener in a downward orientation at an angle of between 5 and 25 degrees in relation to a seed bed formed by the ground opener such that the ground closer straddles and directs soil into the narrow furrow; and a short subsurface chain secured to a remote end of the ground closer in axial alignment with the ground opener, such that the chain is positioned within the narrow furrow thereby breaking lumps and packing soil within the narrow furrow as the chain is dragged behind the ground closer.
2. The apparatus for forming and closing a furrow as defined in Claim 1 wherein the angle of the ground closer is between 5 and 15 degrees.
3. The apparatus for forming and closing a furrow as defined in Claim 1, wherein a secondary delivery conduit is secured behind the delivery conduit.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002130594A CA2130594A1 (en) | 1994-08-22 | 1994-08-22 | Apparatus for forming and closing a narrow furrow |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002130594A CA2130594A1 (en) | 1994-08-22 | 1994-08-22 | Apparatus for forming and closing a narrow furrow |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2130594A1 true CA2130594A1 (en) | 1996-02-23 |
Family
ID=4154207
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002130594A Abandoned CA2130594A1 (en) | 1994-08-22 | 1994-08-22 | Apparatus for forming and closing a narrow furrow |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2130594A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111356356A (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2020-06-30 | 精密种植有限责任公司 | Seed groove closing sensor |
-
1994
- 1994-08-22 CA CA002130594A patent/CA2130594A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111356356A (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2020-06-30 | 精密种植有限责任公司 | Seed groove closing sensor |
| CN111356356B (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2022-11-01 | 精密种植有限责任公司 | Seed groove closing sensor |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |