CA2111909A1 - Repellent composition - Google Patents
Repellent compositionInfo
- Publication number
- CA2111909A1 CA2111909A1 CA 2111909 CA2111909A CA2111909A1 CA 2111909 A1 CA2111909 A1 CA 2111909A1 CA 2111909 CA2111909 CA 2111909 CA 2111909 A CA2111909 A CA 2111909A CA 2111909 A1 CA2111909 A1 CA 2111909A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- fatty acid
- polyhydric alcohol
- acid ester
- fragrance
- composition according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- -1 fatty acid ester Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000001846 repelling effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 1-oleoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioleoylglycerol Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000255925 Diptera Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000516 sunscreening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Geraniol Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCO GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- HBXWUCXDUUJDRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octadecoxyoctadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC HBXWUCXDUUJDRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000166675 Cymbopogon nardus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000018791 Cymbopogon nardus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940116411 terpineol Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005792 Geraniol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-YFHOEESVSA-N Geraniol Natural products CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C/CO GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-YFHOEESVSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-terpineol Chemical compound CC1=CCC(C(C)(C)O)CC1 WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N delta-terpineol Natural products CC(C)(O)C1CCC(=C)CC1 SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940113087 geraniol Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- CBOIHMRHGLHBPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxymethyl Chemical compound O[CH2] CBOIHMRHGLHBPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940070765 laurate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 27
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 17
- LWZFANDGMFTDAV-BURFUSLBSA-N [(2r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O LWZFANDGMFTDAV-BURFUSLBSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 10
- MMOXZBCLCQITDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC(C)=C1 MMOXZBCLCQITDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229960001673 diethyltoluamide Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229950006451 sorbitan laurate Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 235000011067 sorbitan monolaureate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 125000003976 glyceryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(O[H])([H])C(O[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 7
- NWGKJDSIEKMTRX-BFWOXRRGSA-N [(2r)-2-[(3r,4s)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl] (z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)C1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O NWGKJDSIEKMTRX-BFWOXRRGSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000475 sunscreen effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 241000238876 Acari Species 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000077 insect repellent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 4
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000134426 Ceratopogonidae Species 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940049964 oleate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-KVTDHHQDSA-N (2r,3r,4r)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UMEKPPOFCOUEDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-icosanoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO UMEKPPOFCOUEDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNWHHMBRJJOGFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16-methylheptadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO WNWHHMBRJJOGFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ASKIVFGGGGIGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydroxypropyl 16-methylheptadecanoate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO ASKIVFGGGGIGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WRMNZCZEMHIOCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethanol Chemical compound OCCC1=CC=CC=C1 WRMNZCZEMHIOCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ALYNCZNDIQEVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminobenzoic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 ALYNCZNDIQEVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001133760 Acoelorraphe Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000238421 Arthropoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000256113 Culicidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FLIACVVOZYBSBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl palmitate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FLIACVVOZYBSBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GLYJVQDYLFAUFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl hexadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCC GLYJVQDYLFAUFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010632 citronella oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- NEHNMFOYXAPHSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N citronellal Chemical compound O=CCC(C)CCC=C(C)C NEHNMFOYXAPHSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QMVPMAAFGQKVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N citronellol Chemical compound OCCC(C)CCC=C(C)C QMVPMAAFGQKVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N coumarin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(=O)C=CC2=C1 ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940113120 dipropylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000000245 forearm Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-JXMROGBWSA-N geranial Chemical compound CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C\C=O WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-JXMROGBWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N linalool Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(C)(O)C=C CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZAZKJZBWRNNLDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl tetradecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC ZAZKJZBWRNNLDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DXGLGDHPHMLXJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxybenzone Chemical class OC1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 DXGLGDHPHMLXJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001490 (3R)-3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol Substances 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMVPMAAFGQKVCJ-SNVBAGLBSA-N (R)-(+)-citronellol Natural products OCC[C@H](C)CCC=C(C)C QMVPMAAFGQKVCJ-SNVBAGLBSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PCROEXHGMUJCDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cedrol Natural products CC1CCC2C(C)(C)C3CC(C)(O)CC12C3 PCROEXHGMUJCDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017803 cinnamon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930003633 citronellal Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000000983 citronellal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000000484 citronellol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- TZTRNALMVOGNSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohex-2-en-1-ylmethanol Chemical compound OCC1CCCC=C1 TZTRNALMVOGNSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960005215 dichloroacetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940066279 eicosapentaenoate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- ZQTYQMYDIHMKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N exo-norborneol Chemical compound C1CC2C(O)CC1C2 ZQTYQMYDIHMKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000004426 flaxseed Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940074052 glyceryl isostearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940075507 glyceryl monostearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940096898 glyceryl palmitate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940116338 glyceryl ricinoleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940075529 glyceryl stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940007559 goose grease Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019514 herring Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FPMPNVIMFPEKRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl 16-methylheptadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)C FPMPNVIMFPEKRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N icosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 1
- PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole Natural products CC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=NC2=C1 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- SVURIXNDRWRAFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N juniperanol Natural products C1C23C(C)CCC3C(C)(C)C1C(O)(C)CC2 SVURIXNDRWRAFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930007744 linalool Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229940049918 linoleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 1
- KEMQGTRYUADPNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M margarate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O KEMQGTRYUADPNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000457 mentha pulegium l. herb oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- OSWPMRLSEDHDFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl salicylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O OSWPMRLSEDHDFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JPTOCTSNXXKSSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylheptenone Chemical compound CCCC=CC(=O)CC JPTOCTSNXXKSSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001788 mono and diglycerides of fatty acids Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003097 mucus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940105132 myristate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940078812 myristyl myristate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-heptadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003136 n-heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001679 octinoxate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003883 ointment base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960001173 oxybenzone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWMVAQHMFFZQGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-Hydroxybenzyl acetone Natural products CC(=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VWMVAQHMFFZQGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940056211 paraffin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940066842 petrolatum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- NJGBTKGETPDVIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N raspberry ketone Chemical compound CC(=O)CCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NJGBTKGETPDVIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037307 sensitive skin Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical group [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LUPNKHXLFSSUGS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2,2-dichloroacetate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C(Cl)Cl LUPNKHXLFSSUGS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950003429 sorbitan palmitate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015096 spirit Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZKXJUASMGQEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecyl tetradecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC DZKXJUASMGQEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940087291 tridecyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MWOOGOJBHIARFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanillin Chemical compound COC1=CC(C=O)=CC=C1O MWOOGOJBHIARFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FGQOOHJZONJGDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanillin Natural products COC1=CC(O)=CC(C=O)=C1 FGQOOHJZONJGDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012141 vanillin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Repellent compositions containing a fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol, a pest repelling fragrance and an extending medium are described, as well as methods of repelling such pests from substrates such as human skin.
The fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol increases the lasting-effect of the repelling fragrance.
Repellent compositions containing a fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol, a pest repelling fragrance and an extending medium are described, as well as methods of repelling such pests from substrates such as human skin.
The fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol increases the lasting-effect of the repelling fragrance.
Description
^ 2111909 REPELLENT COMPOSITION
FI~LD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a pest repellent composition and to methods of repelling pests from a substrate, particu-larly human skin.
BACXGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Various compositions have been used over the years to repel insects and other pests from humans, pets and other animals. These compositisns have al~o been used to repel insects from inanimate ~bjects, such as clothing, furni-ture and food. Moth balls and citronella oil are examples of materials which have been widely used as repellents.
In recent years, insect repellents marketed for use on humans have contained N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) as their active ingredient. USSR Inventor's Certificate No.
733,681, published May 25, 1980, describes a repellent cream containing DEET, paraffin, ceresine, a fatty base, a filler and perfume. The Inventor's Certificate also suggests that the repellent activity of this composition is increased and its toxicity is decreased when carboxide, glyceryl monostearate and stearic acid are added to the repellent cream, but there is no reported experimental data to substantiate these effects.
While DEET generally provides good efficacy in repelling insects, it8 odor i8 not particularly pleasing and it has been reported to irritate the eyes, mucus membranes and sensitive skin. Issues relating to the toxicity of DEET
in humans have also been raised and the Centers for .
J&J-1451 ---` 21~190g Disease Control and other regulatory agencies have issued cautionary statements relating to the use of DEET.
. .
Other organic compounds have been used as insect repel-lents. For example, U.s. Patent No. 5,109,022 issued April 28, 1992 to R.L. Jeanne, et al., describes the use of methyl myristate, methyl palmitate, butyl palmitate and combinations thereof as repellents for flying, biting and stinging insects. Since these compounds are generally insoluble in water, they are dissolved or dispersed in a non-polar liquid carrier, or adsorbed onto a solid carri-er, and then processed into the desired form for use as an insect repellent. An ointment base, such as mineral oil, polyethylene glycol and paraffin oils may also be used with these compounds.
Natural fragrance oils have been shown to possess repel-lency against certain insects. U.S. Patent No. 5,106,622 issued April 21, 1992 to Kisherwood et al. describes a repellent composition containing equal amounts of natural oils of citronella, cedar and wintergreen. These oils are combined with a non-toxic, oil-based carrier, such as oleic acid. Pennyroyal oil and the natural oils of eucalyptus and camphor may also be added to the composi-tion in small amounts. In addition to the oil form, the composition may also be formulated as a cream, lotion, spray or roll-on.
Repellent compositions employing fragrances as the active ingredients are described in PCT Publication No. W0 91/15118, published October 17, 1991 to D.T. Beldock, et al. This insect repellent composition contains a cosmetic moisturizing lotion base and turpenoil, citronella, rhod-enol extract and geraniol as the insect repelling actives.
J&J-1451 . ' sunscreen actives may also be added to the composition to provide a multi-purpose lotion. Beldock, et al., also suggest that water or alcohol may be combined with the actives to provide an insect repellent spray.
Avon Products, Inc.,'s Skin-So-Soft0 bath oil has been reported as having repellent activity. While it is widely thought that the fragrance oils employed in this composi-tion provide the repellency, G.J. Magnon, et al., in an article entitled "Repellency of Two DEET Formulations and Avon Skin-So-Soft~ Against Biting Midges (Diptera Ceratop-ogonidae) in Honduras", Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 80-2 (1991) report that Skin-So-Soft bath oil does not appear to repel biting midges. Rather, it acts as an oily barrier and physically traps the midges on the sticky surface of the skin.
While repellent compositions containing natural fragrance oils as the actives avoid many of the health concerns associated with DEET, they have found only limited use because of their short-lasting effect. These repellents generally require reapplication every one to two hours by the consumer.
In view of the health concerns associated with DEET and the short-lasting effect of repellent compositions con-taining natural fragrance oils as the actives, there exists a need for a safe, longer--lasting repellent compo- `
sition.
8UMMARY OF T~B--~NyE~TIQ~
It has been discovered that the lasting-effect of a repellent composition containing a fragrance as the active repellent is substantially enhanced through the addition J&J-1451 ;--~
~ 2111909 ....
of a fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol. The repellent composition comprises the aforementioned fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol, a fragrance having repelling activity and an extending medium. In a pre-ferred form of the invention, the fatty acid ester of apolyhydric alcohol is glyceryl oleate and the extending medium is mineral oil.
Another aspect of the invention is a process for repelling insects from a substrate which comprises applying to the substrate the above-described repellent composition.
8RIEF DE8CRIPTION OF ~HE DRAWING8 FIG. 1 and 2 are gas chromatograms of two of the repelling fragrances used in the present invention.
:. :
DE~AILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EM~ODINENT8 The pest repellent composition of the present invention contains a fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol which has ~een shown to increase the lasting-effect of a fra-grance having pest repelling activity. The lasting-effect of the composition is from about two to three fold greater than a composition free of the fatty acid ester of a poly-hydric alcohol. These compositions overcome the above-described short comings of repellent compositions contain-ing fragrances as the active ingredients.
The term "pest" as used in the present invention, includes insects and other arthropods, such as ticks, known to be harm~ul or annoying to sub~ect hosts, such as humans, pets and other domesticated animals. While the repellent compositions of the present invention are suitable for topical application to the user's skin, they may also be J&J-1451 211~909 . .
applied to inanimate objects such as clothing and furni-ture.
The pest repellent composition of the invention comprises a fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol, a pest repel-ling fragrance and an extending medium. The fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol and the pest repelling fragrance are present in the composition in amounts sufficient to provide the desired repellency. In one embodiment of the invention, the composition comprises about 0.5-20%, preferably about 1-10%, of the fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol, about O.S-30%, preferably about 1-10%, of the pest repelling fragrance and about 60-99%, preferably 80-g5%, of the extending medium, by weight of the total composition. The weight ratio of fatty acid esters of a polyhydric alcohol to pest repelling fragrance is within the range of about 1:10 to 10:1 and preferably about 2:1 to 1:2. A solubilizing agent in an amount ranging from about 0-10%, preferably 0.1-10%, and most preferably about 1-5%, by weight of the total composition, may also be employed.
The fatty acid esters of a polyhydric alcohol suitable for use in the present invention are surfactants which are used in cosmetic and personal care compositions. These fatty acid esters of a polyhydric alcohol have the formu-la:
R, -C-O-R2 wherein:
Rl is straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic having about 8 to 22 carbon atoms; and J&J-1451 ` 2111909 R2 is straight or branched, polyhydroxy substituted alkyl having about 3 to 6 carbon atoms or polyhydroxy substi-tuted cyclic ether having 5 or 6 members. As used in this invention polyhydroxy means di- and trihydroxy and members refers to the oxygen and carbon atoms in the cyclic ether chain.
Representative fatty acid esters of a polyhydric alcohol suitable for use in the invention include glyceryl oleate, sorbitan laurate, mannitan laurate, glyceryl palmitate, glyceryl stearate, glyceryl arachidate, glyceryl palmito-leate, glyceryl margarate (C17), glyceryl linoleate, glyceryl linolenolate, glyceryl ricinoleate, glyceryl licanate, glyceryl eleostearate, glyceryl octadeca-tetraenoate, glyceryl nonadecanoate, glyceryl eicosenoate, glyceryl eicosadienoate, glyceryl arachidoate, glyceryl eicosapentaenoate, glyceryl isostearate, glyceryl isohexa-decanoate, glyceryl isoarachidoate, dihydroxy butyl oleate, dihydroxy pentyl linoleate, trihydroxyl hexyl-isostearate, sorbitan palmitate, mannitan arachidoate, 2, methyl,2,4, dihydroxypentyloleate, and pentaerythrityl oleate.
Preferably, Rl is a straight or branched, unsaturated aliphatic having about 16 to 20 carbon atoms and R2 is:
-CH2C(H)(OH)CH2OH
~hese surfactants are commercially available from many supplier~. Preferred fatty acid esters of a polyhydric alcohol include glyceryl oleate from ICI Americas, Inc.
under the tradename ARLACEL 186 and sorbitan laurate, available from ICI under the tradename ARLACEL 20.
J&J-1451 ARLACEL 186 is a 90:10 (by weight) mixture~ of glyceryl oleate and propylene glycol.
The pest repelling fragrance used in the present invention include substances having an aroma which repels insects and other arthropods. Included within this class of fragrances are natural fragrance oils having repelling activity. Exemplary fragrances include cedarwood, citro-nella, coumarin, indole, p-hydroxybenzyl acetone, musk, vanillin, roseacetol, musk ambrette cedrol, ~-terpineol, linalool, isoborneal, terpineol, geranial, cassia, chamo-mile, cinnamon, coriander, lavendarj rosewood, sandalwood, pepperint, anise, clove, citronellal, citronellol and methyl heptenone. one or more of these pest repelling fragrances may be used in the composition.
A preferred fragrance oil is Givaudan-Roure's PA73726 and International Flavors and Fragrances' 1448-AP, both of which have a mildly floral fragrance. The gas chromato-grams for these fragrances are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2,respectively.
The extending medium suitable for use in this invention is a pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable carrier or vehicle which can be combined with the fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol and the pest repelling fragrance, and then applied to a substrate, particularly human skin. The composition of the present invention may take the form of a cream, lotion, oil, spray, roll-on and other convention-al repellent forms. Extending medium suitable for use inthe invention include petroleum extenders, such as petro-latum, mineral oil, and mineral spirits; vegetable derived oils, such as, coconut, peanut, babassu, palm, palm kernel, soybean, castor, corn, olive, linseed, oiticica, J~J-1451 ' ' . , ' : ' ,,. ;:: ~,..
' rapeseed, rice bran, safflower, sesame, sorghum, sunflow-er, tall, and tung; animal derived oils, such as beef tallow, mutton tallow, tallow yellow grease, hydrogenated tallow, butterfat, goose grease, poultry, lard, neatsfoot, and mink; marine derived extenders, such as whale, her-ring, sperm, and menhadin; synthetic and semi-synthetic oils such as disopropyl pthalate, myristyl myristate, isopropyl, myristate, dioctyl pthalate, benyl benzoate, n-heptyl, heptanoate, neodecanoic acid, n-dodecanol, tri-decanol stearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, dipropyleneglycol, propylene glycol, glycerine; water; and mixtures thereof.
The compositions of the present invention may also include solubilizing agents known to be used in cosmetic and personal care formulations. Coupling agents are also included within this class of materials. These agents are used to promote clarity and stability.
Exemplary solubilizing agents include polyoxypropylene (15) lauryl ether, and dipropylene glycol polyoxypropylene (5) isostearyl ether. A preferred solubilizing agent for use in the present invention is polyoxypropylene (10) stearyl ether sold by ICI Americas, Inc. under the trade-name ARLAMOL F.
~he compositions of the present invention may also containother ad~uvants, commonly used in cosmetic and personal care formulations. For example, if the composition should also render protection against the sun, known sunscreen agents, such as para-amino benzoic acid and derivatives thereof, oxybenzones, methoxycinnamates titanium dioxide and zinc oxide may be added.
J&J-1451 , ~
:`` 2111909 Compositions of the present invention may be prepared using techniques known in the art. During such prepara-tion, emulsifying agents, suspending agents, penetrants, wetting agents, tackifiers, stabilizers, and thickening agents may be added to the repellent composition.
.
The repellent composition is applied to the substrate in virtually any manner so long as the fatty acid of a polyhydric alcohol and the pest repelling fragrance remain deposited on the surface. Such applications may include rubbing, spraying, painting, dipping or other techniques known in the art. If a non-volatile extending medium is employed, it will also remain deposited on the substrate surface with the extending medium and the pest repelling fragrance.
Speci~ic embodiments of the present invention are illus-trated by way of the following examples. This invention is not confined to the specific limitations set forth in these examples, but rather to the scope of the appended claims.
~.'.
FXAMPLE
The compositions shown below were prepared by mixing the ingredients in the stated proportions in a vessel with a stirrer.
Sample ~%W/W) A* B
naredients Fragrance Oil 6.0 6.0 (Givaudan-Roure PA73726) Glyceryl Oleate~ - 3.0 (ARLACE~ 186) J&J-1451 Mineral Oil 94 . O 91. 0 Comparative ~ Contain 10% (by wt.) propylene glycol Samples A and B were tested for their repellency on human volunteers using the following cage test:
Equipment Test Chambers:
One aluminum cage 2 x 2 x Z foot square with two sleeved entry ports at opposite ends of the cage. The bottom was equipped with a mirror to facilitate observa~
tion and a hand rest was provided in the center.
~est Oraanism:
Five hundred female Aedes aeaypti mosquitoes were released in the test cage prior to the beginning the study. The mosquitoes were taken off sucrose twenty four hours prior to their utilization in the study.
~est Subiects:
Human volunteers were used as the test subjects. In preparation for the study, they washed their arms with Ivory soap. They wore short sleeved shirts and had the skin above and below the target area (250 cm2 area), protected with elastic ACE bandages held in place-with i~urgical tape. The hands were protected with surgical gloves.
Procedures Each test sub~ect was prepared as described above.
Each test sample was applied to ~our separate test sites.
A single test site consisted of the test subject's fore-arm. The repellent was applied at the rate of 1 ml per J&J-1451 '~' ~:-'.';
;' ~
~" 2111909 250 cm2 area. Each test subject's forearm was allowed to air dry for 30 minutes prior to the first exposure. Each exposure duration was for 5 minutes and the test subjects were then re-exposed at thrity minute intervals until the first confirmed bite.
The test recorder, prior to assisting the test subjects into the arm ports, exposed his untreated arm to confirm biting aggressiveness. Bites (blood is ingested, as evidenced by abdominal swelling and color change) and probes (mosquito attempts to imbed the mouth parts) were recorded. When a confirmed bite` occurred on an arm, testing was discontinued on that arm. A confirmed bite was a bite followed by another bite in the same exposure period or in the following exposure period. The time of the first confirmed bite was recorded for each of the four test sites and the sample protection time is reported below as the average of these four recorded times.
The results of the experiment are as follows:
Sample Protection Time Versus A.Aegepti A 1.9 hours B 3.3 hours These results demonstrate that when the insect repelling fragrance is used in the composition of the present invention containing glyceryl oleate, the protection time increases by greater than 70%.
J&J-1451 EXAMPLE II -: -:
The compositions shown below were prepared by mixing the ingredients in the stated proportions using procedures similar to those described in Example I.
Sample (%W/W) A* B* C
Inaredients Fragrance Oil 12.0 - 6.0 -(Givaudan-Roure PA73726) ~
Glyceryl Oleate~ - 12.0 6.0 ~ ~ ;
(ARLACEL 186) ~
. .
Mineral Oil 88.0 88.0 88.0 Comparative ~ Contains 10% (by wt.) propylene glycol Samples A, B and C were tested for their repellency against female A. Aegepti mosquitos using the procedure described in Example I. The results of the experiment are as follows:
~m~le Protection Time Versus A.Aeaepti A 3.5 hours B 3.0 hours C 7.5 hours ~ ~i The above results demonstrate that the compositions of the present invention containing the fragrance oil and glycer-yl oleate (Sample C) exhibits synergistic repellency activity, when compared to the compositions containing the fragrance oil (Sample A) and glyceryl oleate (Sample B) alone.
J&J-1451 21119~9 EXAMPLE III
The compositions shown below were prepared by mixing the ingredients in the stated proportions using procedures similar to those described in Example I.
Sample (~W/W) A* B* C
Inaredients Fragrance Oil - 12.0 6.0 (Givaudan-Roure PA73726) Sorbitan Laurate 12 - 6.0 (ARLACEL 20) Mineral Oil 88.0 88.0 88.0 *Comparative Samples A, B and C were tested for their repellency against female A. Aegepti mosquitos using the procedure described in Example I. The results of the experiment are as follows:
Sample Protection Time Versus A. Aegepti A 2.0 hours B 2.13 hours C 3.25 hours The above results show that the protection time increases with the composition of the present invention containing sorbitan laurate and the fragrance (Sample C), when compared to compositions containing sorbitan laurate (Sample A) or the fragrance (Sample B) alone.
J&J-1451 ;~
, ,, , ~, .:
: ' ., : ~ : , `~ 2111909 ~:
."
EXAMPLE IV
The compositions shown below were prepared by mixing the ingredients in the stated proportions using the procedures -similar to those described in Example I.
S
Sample (%w/W) A B ~ `
Inaredients - :
Fragrance Oil 6.0 6.0 (Givaudan-Roure PA73726) -~ , Glyceryl Oleatel 6.0 6.0 ~ .
(ARLACEL 186) Sorbitan Laurate 2.0 2.0 (ARLACEL 20) Polyoxypropylene (10) :
Stearyl Ether 2.0 2.0 (ARLAMOL F) ",?
Citronella Oil 0.1 Mineral Oil 83.9 84.0 Contains 10% (by wt.) propylene glycol Samples A and B were tested for their repellency using the procedure described in Example I, except that biting flies (Stomoxys Calcitrans) were substituted for mosquitoes.
The average results of the experiment are as follows:
J&J-1451 `~
r 211~909 Sample Protection Time Versus ~. Calcitrans A 4.75 hours B 3.0 hours The above results demonstrate that the compositions of the invention (Samples A and B) exhibit excellent repellency to biting flies.
EXAMPL~ V
Sample B of Example IV was tested for its repellency against ticks (Ixodes Dammini) under field conditions using a drag test. Approximately 7.5 ml of Sample B was sprayed, in nine even sw~eping motions, over each side of a 2 x 3 foot white cotton flannel rectangle. The control was an untreated rectangle.
The drags were slowly pulled a distance of 50 meters over a tick infested area consisting of grass and low bushes and then placed in a bag and sealed. The sealed bags were placed in a freezer overnight to kill all the ticks before counting. The following summarizes the count results:
Drag Treated Control Total No. of Drags Tested 56 14 No. of Tick-free Drags 21 2 Total Nymphs Recovered 54 38 Av. Nymphs per Drag 0.96 2.71 Total Larvae Recovered 9 3 Avg. Larvae per Drag 0.16 0.21 The re6ults demonstrate that significantly fewer ticks were recovered from the drag treated with the composition J&J-1451 , , ~ .
, ' ;' ., .; , .: . .
:, ~.
: , 2~11909 of the present invention as compared to the untreated drags. The composition of this invention, therefore, has been shown to exhibit repellency to ticks and can be used on inanimate objects.
EXANPLE VI
The composition shown below, containing sunscreen actives, was prepared using the procedures similar to those de-scribed in Example I. ~ -' ' Inqredient % W/W
Fragrance Oil 6.0 (Givaudan-Roure PA 73726) Glyceryl Oleate~ 6.0 (ARLACEL 186) Sorbitan Laurate 2.0 (ARLA OE L 20) Oxybenzone 3.0 Octyl Methoxycinnamate 7.5 Mineral Oil 75.5 ~ Contains 10% (by weight) propylene glycol.
Using the procedure described in Example 1, the above composition had a protection time of seven hours against A. Aegepti mosquitoes. The sun protection factor for this composition was SPF 12 test (Sun Protection Factor) using a ~tandard in-vitro SPF method.
J&J-1451 ;
. ' , ' ~' , ' '' ; , ' .,;, .: . , EXAMPLE VII
A water-in-oil (w/o) sunscreen lotion containing titanium dioxide and zinc oxide, as the sunscreen actives, was prepared using conventional techniqus. The ingredients listed below were then mixed with the lotion in the stated proportions.
Sample (%W/W) A B
Inaredients W/O Sunscreen Lotion 86.0 86.0 Sorbitan Laurate 2.0 2.0 Glyceryl Oleate~ 6.0 6.0 (ARLACEL 186) Fragrance Oil Givaudan-Roure PA73726 6.0 IFF 1448-AP - 6.0 . .
~ Contains lOS ~by wt.) propylene glycol Samples A and B were tested for their repellency against A. Aegepti mosquitoes using the procedures described in Example I. The results of their experiment are as fol-low~:
Sam~le Protection Time Versus A. Aeae~ti A 3.9 hours B 4.3 hours The above results demonstrate excellent repellency using two different pest repelling fragrances. These composi-tions are also effective sunscreen lotions.
J&J-1451 . .
." ,., .~ .
E~MPLE VIII
Givaudan-Roure Fragrance PA 73726 and IFF Fragrance 1448- -AP were each dissolved in methanol (1:20), and 1 microli-ter sample was injected into a gas chromatograph-mass ~ ' spectrometer under the following chromatographic condi-tions:
Column: DB-WAX, 0.5 ~m, 30 m Injector Temp: 225C
Split: 1:15 Initial Temp: 80C
Initial Hold Time: 2 min.
Heating Rate: 8C/min.
Final Temp: 220C
Final Hold Time: 15 min.
:. :.:
The resulting chromatograms for the Givaudan Fragrance is shown in Figure 1. The six ma~or peaks at scan numbers 215, 306, 378, 471, 694 and 775 were computer searched in a spectral library based on EI fragmentation and the results are shown below:
~ '' '.'' ' Eç~n Structure Purity*
215 5-Hepten-2-one, 6-methyl 941 306 Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, 770 1,7,7-trimethyl-,formate, endo- ~
' ~; "
378 2-Cyclohexene-1-methanol, 860 alpha, alpha, 4-trimethyl-, 471 Benzeneethanol 934 ;''.','' 694 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic 962 J&J-1451 acid, Diethyl ether 775 2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one 739 * The higher the purity (max.= looo), the better the match of the spectrum.
The resulting chromatogram for the IFF Fragrance is shown in Figure 2. The three major peaks at scan numbers 309, 344 and 601 were computer searched on a spectral library based on EI fragmentation and the results are shown below:
Scan Structure ` Purity*
309 Bicycylo [2.2.1] heptan-2-ol, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, formate, endo- 810 344 Ethanol, 2-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy) ethoxy]- 761 601 Benzoic Acid, 2-Hydroxy-, Phenylemethyl Ester 885 * The higher the purity (max.= 1000), the better the match oi the spectrum.
Various modifications, can be made to the above described embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
J&J-1451 , ,- ., . . j :, : . . .,, ~, , . , ~ . ;,
FI~LD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a pest repellent composition and to methods of repelling pests from a substrate, particu-larly human skin.
BACXGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Various compositions have been used over the years to repel insects and other pests from humans, pets and other animals. These compositisns have al~o been used to repel insects from inanimate ~bjects, such as clothing, furni-ture and food. Moth balls and citronella oil are examples of materials which have been widely used as repellents.
In recent years, insect repellents marketed for use on humans have contained N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) as their active ingredient. USSR Inventor's Certificate No.
733,681, published May 25, 1980, describes a repellent cream containing DEET, paraffin, ceresine, a fatty base, a filler and perfume. The Inventor's Certificate also suggests that the repellent activity of this composition is increased and its toxicity is decreased when carboxide, glyceryl monostearate and stearic acid are added to the repellent cream, but there is no reported experimental data to substantiate these effects.
While DEET generally provides good efficacy in repelling insects, it8 odor i8 not particularly pleasing and it has been reported to irritate the eyes, mucus membranes and sensitive skin. Issues relating to the toxicity of DEET
in humans have also been raised and the Centers for .
J&J-1451 ---` 21~190g Disease Control and other regulatory agencies have issued cautionary statements relating to the use of DEET.
. .
Other organic compounds have been used as insect repel-lents. For example, U.s. Patent No. 5,109,022 issued April 28, 1992 to R.L. Jeanne, et al., describes the use of methyl myristate, methyl palmitate, butyl palmitate and combinations thereof as repellents for flying, biting and stinging insects. Since these compounds are generally insoluble in water, they are dissolved or dispersed in a non-polar liquid carrier, or adsorbed onto a solid carri-er, and then processed into the desired form for use as an insect repellent. An ointment base, such as mineral oil, polyethylene glycol and paraffin oils may also be used with these compounds.
Natural fragrance oils have been shown to possess repel-lency against certain insects. U.S. Patent No. 5,106,622 issued April 21, 1992 to Kisherwood et al. describes a repellent composition containing equal amounts of natural oils of citronella, cedar and wintergreen. These oils are combined with a non-toxic, oil-based carrier, such as oleic acid. Pennyroyal oil and the natural oils of eucalyptus and camphor may also be added to the composi-tion in small amounts. In addition to the oil form, the composition may also be formulated as a cream, lotion, spray or roll-on.
Repellent compositions employing fragrances as the active ingredients are described in PCT Publication No. W0 91/15118, published October 17, 1991 to D.T. Beldock, et al. This insect repellent composition contains a cosmetic moisturizing lotion base and turpenoil, citronella, rhod-enol extract and geraniol as the insect repelling actives.
J&J-1451 . ' sunscreen actives may also be added to the composition to provide a multi-purpose lotion. Beldock, et al., also suggest that water or alcohol may be combined with the actives to provide an insect repellent spray.
Avon Products, Inc.,'s Skin-So-Soft0 bath oil has been reported as having repellent activity. While it is widely thought that the fragrance oils employed in this composi-tion provide the repellency, G.J. Magnon, et al., in an article entitled "Repellency of Two DEET Formulations and Avon Skin-So-Soft~ Against Biting Midges (Diptera Ceratop-ogonidae) in Honduras", Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 80-2 (1991) report that Skin-So-Soft bath oil does not appear to repel biting midges. Rather, it acts as an oily barrier and physically traps the midges on the sticky surface of the skin.
While repellent compositions containing natural fragrance oils as the actives avoid many of the health concerns associated with DEET, they have found only limited use because of their short-lasting effect. These repellents generally require reapplication every one to two hours by the consumer.
In view of the health concerns associated with DEET and the short-lasting effect of repellent compositions con-taining natural fragrance oils as the actives, there exists a need for a safe, longer--lasting repellent compo- `
sition.
8UMMARY OF T~B--~NyE~TIQ~
It has been discovered that the lasting-effect of a repellent composition containing a fragrance as the active repellent is substantially enhanced through the addition J&J-1451 ;--~
~ 2111909 ....
of a fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol. The repellent composition comprises the aforementioned fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol, a fragrance having repelling activity and an extending medium. In a pre-ferred form of the invention, the fatty acid ester of apolyhydric alcohol is glyceryl oleate and the extending medium is mineral oil.
Another aspect of the invention is a process for repelling insects from a substrate which comprises applying to the substrate the above-described repellent composition.
8RIEF DE8CRIPTION OF ~HE DRAWING8 FIG. 1 and 2 are gas chromatograms of two of the repelling fragrances used in the present invention.
:. :
DE~AILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EM~ODINENT8 The pest repellent composition of the present invention contains a fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol which has ~een shown to increase the lasting-effect of a fra-grance having pest repelling activity. The lasting-effect of the composition is from about two to three fold greater than a composition free of the fatty acid ester of a poly-hydric alcohol. These compositions overcome the above-described short comings of repellent compositions contain-ing fragrances as the active ingredients.
The term "pest" as used in the present invention, includes insects and other arthropods, such as ticks, known to be harm~ul or annoying to sub~ect hosts, such as humans, pets and other domesticated animals. While the repellent compositions of the present invention are suitable for topical application to the user's skin, they may also be J&J-1451 211~909 . .
applied to inanimate objects such as clothing and furni-ture.
The pest repellent composition of the invention comprises a fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol, a pest repel-ling fragrance and an extending medium. The fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol and the pest repelling fragrance are present in the composition in amounts sufficient to provide the desired repellency. In one embodiment of the invention, the composition comprises about 0.5-20%, preferably about 1-10%, of the fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol, about O.S-30%, preferably about 1-10%, of the pest repelling fragrance and about 60-99%, preferably 80-g5%, of the extending medium, by weight of the total composition. The weight ratio of fatty acid esters of a polyhydric alcohol to pest repelling fragrance is within the range of about 1:10 to 10:1 and preferably about 2:1 to 1:2. A solubilizing agent in an amount ranging from about 0-10%, preferably 0.1-10%, and most preferably about 1-5%, by weight of the total composition, may also be employed.
The fatty acid esters of a polyhydric alcohol suitable for use in the present invention are surfactants which are used in cosmetic and personal care compositions. These fatty acid esters of a polyhydric alcohol have the formu-la:
R, -C-O-R2 wherein:
Rl is straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic having about 8 to 22 carbon atoms; and J&J-1451 ` 2111909 R2 is straight or branched, polyhydroxy substituted alkyl having about 3 to 6 carbon atoms or polyhydroxy substi-tuted cyclic ether having 5 or 6 members. As used in this invention polyhydroxy means di- and trihydroxy and members refers to the oxygen and carbon atoms in the cyclic ether chain.
Representative fatty acid esters of a polyhydric alcohol suitable for use in the invention include glyceryl oleate, sorbitan laurate, mannitan laurate, glyceryl palmitate, glyceryl stearate, glyceryl arachidate, glyceryl palmito-leate, glyceryl margarate (C17), glyceryl linoleate, glyceryl linolenolate, glyceryl ricinoleate, glyceryl licanate, glyceryl eleostearate, glyceryl octadeca-tetraenoate, glyceryl nonadecanoate, glyceryl eicosenoate, glyceryl eicosadienoate, glyceryl arachidoate, glyceryl eicosapentaenoate, glyceryl isostearate, glyceryl isohexa-decanoate, glyceryl isoarachidoate, dihydroxy butyl oleate, dihydroxy pentyl linoleate, trihydroxyl hexyl-isostearate, sorbitan palmitate, mannitan arachidoate, 2, methyl,2,4, dihydroxypentyloleate, and pentaerythrityl oleate.
Preferably, Rl is a straight or branched, unsaturated aliphatic having about 16 to 20 carbon atoms and R2 is:
-CH2C(H)(OH)CH2OH
~hese surfactants are commercially available from many supplier~. Preferred fatty acid esters of a polyhydric alcohol include glyceryl oleate from ICI Americas, Inc.
under the tradename ARLACEL 186 and sorbitan laurate, available from ICI under the tradename ARLACEL 20.
J&J-1451 ARLACEL 186 is a 90:10 (by weight) mixture~ of glyceryl oleate and propylene glycol.
The pest repelling fragrance used in the present invention include substances having an aroma which repels insects and other arthropods. Included within this class of fragrances are natural fragrance oils having repelling activity. Exemplary fragrances include cedarwood, citro-nella, coumarin, indole, p-hydroxybenzyl acetone, musk, vanillin, roseacetol, musk ambrette cedrol, ~-terpineol, linalool, isoborneal, terpineol, geranial, cassia, chamo-mile, cinnamon, coriander, lavendarj rosewood, sandalwood, pepperint, anise, clove, citronellal, citronellol and methyl heptenone. one or more of these pest repelling fragrances may be used in the composition.
A preferred fragrance oil is Givaudan-Roure's PA73726 and International Flavors and Fragrances' 1448-AP, both of which have a mildly floral fragrance. The gas chromato-grams for these fragrances are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2,respectively.
The extending medium suitable for use in this invention is a pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable carrier or vehicle which can be combined with the fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol and the pest repelling fragrance, and then applied to a substrate, particularly human skin. The composition of the present invention may take the form of a cream, lotion, oil, spray, roll-on and other convention-al repellent forms. Extending medium suitable for use inthe invention include petroleum extenders, such as petro-latum, mineral oil, and mineral spirits; vegetable derived oils, such as, coconut, peanut, babassu, palm, palm kernel, soybean, castor, corn, olive, linseed, oiticica, J~J-1451 ' ' . , ' : ' ,,. ;:: ~,..
' rapeseed, rice bran, safflower, sesame, sorghum, sunflow-er, tall, and tung; animal derived oils, such as beef tallow, mutton tallow, tallow yellow grease, hydrogenated tallow, butterfat, goose grease, poultry, lard, neatsfoot, and mink; marine derived extenders, such as whale, her-ring, sperm, and menhadin; synthetic and semi-synthetic oils such as disopropyl pthalate, myristyl myristate, isopropyl, myristate, dioctyl pthalate, benyl benzoate, n-heptyl, heptanoate, neodecanoic acid, n-dodecanol, tri-decanol stearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, dipropyleneglycol, propylene glycol, glycerine; water; and mixtures thereof.
The compositions of the present invention may also include solubilizing agents known to be used in cosmetic and personal care formulations. Coupling agents are also included within this class of materials. These agents are used to promote clarity and stability.
Exemplary solubilizing agents include polyoxypropylene (15) lauryl ether, and dipropylene glycol polyoxypropylene (5) isostearyl ether. A preferred solubilizing agent for use in the present invention is polyoxypropylene (10) stearyl ether sold by ICI Americas, Inc. under the trade-name ARLAMOL F.
~he compositions of the present invention may also containother ad~uvants, commonly used in cosmetic and personal care formulations. For example, if the composition should also render protection against the sun, known sunscreen agents, such as para-amino benzoic acid and derivatives thereof, oxybenzones, methoxycinnamates titanium dioxide and zinc oxide may be added.
J&J-1451 , ~
:`` 2111909 Compositions of the present invention may be prepared using techniques known in the art. During such prepara-tion, emulsifying agents, suspending agents, penetrants, wetting agents, tackifiers, stabilizers, and thickening agents may be added to the repellent composition.
.
The repellent composition is applied to the substrate in virtually any manner so long as the fatty acid of a polyhydric alcohol and the pest repelling fragrance remain deposited on the surface. Such applications may include rubbing, spraying, painting, dipping or other techniques known in the art. If a non-volatile extending medium is employed, it will also remain deposited on the substrate surface with the extending medium and the pest repelling fragrance.
Speci~ic embodiments of the present invention are illus-trated by way of the following examples. This invention is not confined to the specific limitations set forth in these examples, but rather to the scope of the appended claims.
~.'.
FXAMPLE
The compositions shown below were prepared by mixing the ingredients in the stated proportions in a vessel with a stirrer.
Sample ~%W/W) A* B
naredients Fragrance Oil 6.0 6.0 (Givaudan-Roure PA73726) Glyceryl Oleate~ - 3.0 (ARLACE~ 186) J&J-1451 Mineral Oil 94 . O 91. 0 Comparative ~ Contain 10% (by wt.) propylene glycol Samples A and B were tested for their repellency on human volunteers using the following cage test:
Equipment Test Chambers:
One aluminum cage 2 x 2 x Z foot square with two sleeved entry ports at opposite ends of the cage. The bottom was equipped with a mirror to facilitate observa~
tion and a hand rest was provided in the center.
~est Oraanism:
Five hundred female Aedes aeaypti mosquitoes were released in the test cage prior to the beginning the study. The mosquitoes were taken off sucrose twenty four hours prior to their utilization in the study.
~est Subiects:
Human volunteers were used as the test subjects. In preparation for the study, they washed their arms with Ivory soap. They wore short sleeved shirts and had the skin above and below the target area (250 cm2 area), protected with elastic ACE bandages held in place-with i~urgical tape. The hands were protected with surgical gloves.
Procedures Each test sub~ect was prepared as described above.
Each test sample was applied to ~our separate test sites.
A single test site consisted of the test subject's fore-arm. The repellent was applied at the rate of 1 ml per J&J-1451 '~' ~:-'.';
;' ~
~" 2111909 250 cm2 area. Each test subject's forearm was allowed to air dry for 30 minutes prior to the first exposure. Each exposure duration was for 5 minutes and the test subjects were then re-exposed at thrity minute intervals until the first confirmed bite.
The test recorder, prior to assisting the test subjects into the arm ports, exposed his untreated arm to confirm biting aggressiveness. Bites (blood is ingested, as evidenced by abdominal swelling and color change) and probes (mosquito attempts to imbed the mouth parts) were recorded. When a confirmed bite` occurred on an arm, testing was discontinued on that arm. A confirmed bite was a bite followed by another bite in the same exposure period or in the following exposure period. The time of the first confirmed bite was recorded for each of the four test sites and the sample protection time is reported below as the average of these four recorded times.
The results of the experiment are as follows:
Sample Protection Time Versus A.Aegepti A 1.9 hours B 3.3 hours These results demonstrate that when the insect repelling fragrance is used in the composition of the present invention containing glyceryl oleate, the protection time increases by greater than 70%.
J&J-1451 EXAMPLE II -: -:
The compositions shown below were prepared by mixing the ingredients in the stated proportions using procedures similar to those described in Example I.
Sample (%W/W) A* B* C
Inaredients Fragrance Oil 12.0 - 6.0 -(Givaudan-Roure PA73726) ~
Glyceryl Oleate~ - 12.0 6.0 ~ ~ ;
(ARLACEL 186) ~
. .
Mineral Oil 88.0 88.0 88.0 Comparative ~ Contains 10% (by wt.) propylene glycol Samples A, B and C were tested for their repellency against female A. Aegepti mosquitos using the procedure described in Example I. The results of the experiment are as follows:
~m~le Protection Time Versus A.Aeaepti A 3.5 hours B 3.0 hours C 7.5 hours ~ ~i The above results demonstrate that the compositions of the present invention containing the fragrance oil and glycer-yl oleate (Sample C) exhibits synergistic repellency activity, when compared to the compositions containing the fragrance oil (Sample A) and glyceryl oleate (Sample B) alone.
J&J-1451 21119~9 EXAMPLE III
The compositions shown below were prepared by mixing the ingredients in the stated proportions using procedures similar to those described in Example I.
Sample (~W/W) A* B* C
Inaredients Fragrance Oil - 12.0 6.0 (Givaudan-Roure PA73726) Sorbitan Laurate 12 - 6.0 (ARLACEL 20) Mineral Oil 88.0 88.0 88.0 *Comparative Samples A, B and C were tested for their repellency against female A. Aegepti mosquitos using the procedure described in Example I. The results of the experiment are as follows:
Sample Protection Time Versus A. Aegepti A 2.0 hours B 2.13 hours C 3.25 hours The above results show that the protection time increases with the composition of the present invention containing sorbitan laurate and the fragrance (Sample C), when compared to compositions containing sorbitan laurate (Sample A) or the fragrance (Sample B) alone.
J&J-1451 ;~
, ,, , ~, .:
: ' ., : ~ : , `~ 2111909 ~:
."
EXAMPLE IV
The compositions shown below were prepared by mixing the ingredients in the stated proportions using the procedures -similar to those described in Example I.
S
Sample (%w/W) A B ~ `
Inaredients - :
Fragrance Oil 6.0 6.0 (Givaudan-Roure PA73726) -~ , Glyceryl Oleatel 6.0 6.0 ~ .
(ARLACEL 186) Sorbitan Laurate 2.0 2.0 (ARLACEL 20) Polyoxypropylene (10) :
Stearyl Ether 2.0 2.0 (ARLAMOL F) ",?
Citronella Oil 0.1 Mineral Oil 83.9 84.0 Contains 10% (by wt.) propylene glycol Samples A and B were tested for their repellency using the procedure described in Example I, except that biting flies (Stomoxys Calcitrans) were substituted for mosquitoes.
The average results of the experiment are as follows:
J&J-1451 `~
r 211~909 Sample Protection Time Versus ~. Calcitrans A 4.75 hours B 3.0 hours The above results demonstrate that the compositions of the invention (Samples A and B) exhibit excellent repellency to biting flies.
EXAMPL~ V
Sample B of Example IV was tested for its repellency against ticks (Ixodes Dammini) under field conditions using a drag test. Approximately 7.5 ml of Sample B was sprayed, in nine even sw~eping motions, over each side of a 2 x 3 foot white cotton flannel rectangle. The control was an untreated rectangle.
The drags were slowly pulled a distance of 50 meters over a tick infested area consisting of grass and low bushes and then placed in a bag and sealed. The sealed bags were placed in a freezer overnight to kill all the ticks before counting. The following summarizes the count results:
Drag Treated Control Total No. of Drags Tested 56 14 No. of Tick-free Drags 21 2 Total Nymphs Recovered 54 38 Av. Nymphs per Drag 0.96 2.71 Total Larvae Recovered 9 3 Avg. Larvae per Drag 0.16 0.21 The re6ults demonstrate that significantly fewer ticks were recovered from the drag treated with the composition J&J-1451 , , ~ .
, ' ;' ., .; , .: . .
:, ~.
: , 2~11909 of the present invention as compared to the untreated drags. The composition of this invention, therefore, has been shown to exhibit repellency to ticks and can be used on inanimate objects.
EXANPLE VI
The composition shown below, containing sunscreen actives, was prepared using the procedures similar to those de-scribed in Example I. ~ -' ' Inqredient % W/W
Fragrance Oil 6.0 (Givaudan-Roure PA 73726) Glyceryl Oleate~ 6.0 (ARLACEL 186) Sorbitan Laurate 2.0 (ARLA OE L 20) Oxybenzone 3.0 Octyl Methoxycinnamate 7.5 Mineral Oil 75.5 ~ Contains 10% (by weight) propylene glycol.
Using the procedure described in Example 1, the above composition had a protection time of seven hours against A. Aegepti mosquitoes. The sun protection factor for this composition was SPF 12 test (Sun Protection Factor) using a ~tandard in-vitro SPF method.
J&J-1451 ;
. ' , ' ~' , ' '' ; , ' .,;, .: . , EXAMPLE VII
A water-in-oil (w/o) sunscreen lotion containing titanium dioxide and zinc oxide, as the sunscreen actives, was prepared using conventional techniqus. The ingredients listed below were then mixed with the lotion in the stated proportions.
Sample (%W/W) A B
Inaredients W/O Sunscreen Lotion 86.0 86.0 Sorbitan Laurate 2.0 2.0 Glyceryl Oleate~ 6.0 6.0 (ARLACEL 186) Fragrance Oil Givaudan-Roure PA73726 6.0 IFF 1448-AP - 6.0 . .
~ Contains lOS ~by wt.) propylene glycol Samples A and B were tested for their repellency against A. Aegepti mosquitoes using the procedures described in Example I. The results of their experiment are as fol-low~:
Sam~le Protection Time Versus A. Aeae~ti A 3.9 hours B 4.3 hours The above results demonstrate excellent repellency using two different pest repelling fragrances. These composi-tions are also effective sunscreen lotions.
J&J-1451 . .
." ,., .~ .
E~MPLE VIII
Givaudan-Roure Fragrance PA 73726 and IFF Fragrance 1448- -AP were each dissolved in methanol (1:20), and 1 microli-ter sample was injected into a gas chromatograph-mass ~ ' spectrometer under the following chromatographic condi-tions:
Column: DB-WAX, 0.5 ~m, 30 m Injector Temp: 225C
Split: 1:15 Initial Temp: 80C
Initial Hold Time: 2 min.
Heating Rate: 8C/min.
Final Temp: 220C
Final Hold Time: 15 min.
:. :.:
The resulting chromatograms for the Givaudan Fragrance is shown in Figure 1. The six ma~or peaks at scan numbers 215, 306, 378, 471, 694 and 775 were computer searched in a spectral library based on EI fragmentation and the results are shown below:
~ '' '.'' ' Eç~n Structure Purity*
215 5-Hepten-2-one, 6-methyl 941 306 Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, 770 1,7,7-trimethyl-,formate, endo- ~
' ~; "
378 2-Cyclohexene-1-methanol, 860 alpha, alpha, 4-trimethyl-, 471 Benzeneethanol 934 ;''.','' 694 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic 962 J&J-1451 acid, Diethyl ether 775 2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one 739 * The higher the purity (max.= looo), the better the match of the spectrum.
The resulting chromatogram for the IFF Fragrance is shown in Figure 2. The three major peaks at scan numbers 309, 344 and 601 were computer searched on a spectral library based on EI fragmentation and the results are shown below:
Scan Structure ` Purity*
309 Bicycylo [2.2.1] heptan-2-ol, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, formate, endo- 810 344 Ethanol, 2-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy) ethoxy]- 761 601 Benzoic Acid, 2-Hydroxy-, Phenylemethyl Ester 885 * The higher the purity (max.= 1000), the better the match oi the spectrum.
Various modifications, can be made to the above described embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
J&J-1451 , ,- ., . . j :, : . . .,, ~, , . , ~ . ;,
Claims (30)
1. A pest repellent composition, comprising:
fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol;
pest repelling fragrance; and an extending medium.
fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol;
pest repelling fragrance; and an extending medium.
2. A composition according to claim 1 wherein:
the fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol has the formula:
wherein:
R1 is straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic having about 8 to 22 carbon atoms;
R2 is straight or branched, polyhydroxy substituted alkyl having about 3 to 6 carbon atoms or polyhydroxy substituted cyclic ether having 5 or 6 members.
the fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol has the formula:
wherein:
R1 is straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic having about 8 to 22 carbon atoms;
R2 is straight or branched, polyhydroxy substituted alkyl having about 3 to 6 carbon atoms or polyhydroxy substituted cyclic ether having 5 or 6 members.
3. A composition according to claim 2 wherein R1 is straight or branched, unsaturated aliphatic having about 16 to 20 carbon atoms and R2 is -CH2 C(H)(OH)CH2OH.
4. A composition according to claim 2 wherein said fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol is selected from the group consisting of glyceryl oleate, soribitan laurate, and mixtures thereof.
5. A composition according to claim 2 wherein the pest repelling fragrance is selected from the group consisting of cedarwood, geraniol, rhodenol, terpineol, and the fragrances having the gas chromatogram shown in Figures 1 and 2.
6. A composition according to claim 2 wherein the extending medium is selected from the group consisting of mineral oil and petrolatrum
7. A composition according to claim 2, further compris-ing a solubilizing agent.
8. A composition according to claim 7 wherein said solubilizing agent is polyoxypropylene (10) stearyl ether.
9. A composition according to claim 2, comprising:
about 0.5 to 30% of said fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol, about 0.5 to 20% of said pest repelling fragrance; from about 60 to 99% of said extending medium; and 0 to about 10% solubilizing agent, by weight of the total composition.
about 0.5 to 30% of said fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol, about 0.5 to 20% of said pest repelling fragrance; from about 60 to 99% of said extending medium; and 0 to about 10% solubilizing agent, by weight of the total composition.
10. A composition according to claim 9 wherein said fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol is glyceryl oleate.
11. A composition according to claim 2 comprising:
about 1 to 10% glyceryl oleate; about 1 to 10% of said pest repelling fragrance and about 80-95% of mineral oil by weight of the total composition.
about 1 to 10% glyceryl oleate; about 1 to 10% of said pest repelling fragrance and about 80-95% of mineral oil by weight of the total composition.
12. A composition according to claim 11 wherein the pest repelling fragrance is selected from the group consisting of the fragrance having the gas chromatrograms shown in Figures 1 and 2.
13. A composition according to claim 2, further compris-ing a sunscreen agent.
14. A composition according to claim 2 wherein the weight ratio of fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol to pest repelling fragrance is within the range of about 1:10 to 10:1.
15. A method of repelling pests from a substrate which comprises applying to the substrate a composition compris-ing:
fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol;
pest repelling fragrance; and an extending medium.
fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol;
pest repelling fragrance; and an extending medium.
16. A method according to claim 15 wherein said substrate is human skin.
17. A method according to claim 16 wherein:
the fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol has the formula:
wherein:
R1 is straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic having about 8 to 22 carbon atoms;
R2 is straight or branched, polyhydroxy substituted alkyl having about 3 to 6 carbon atoms or polyhydroxy substituted cyclic ether having 5 or 6 members.
the fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol has the formula:
wherein:
R1 is straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic having about 8 to 22 carbon atoms;
R2 is straight or branched, polyhydroxy substituted alkyl having about 3 to 6 carbon atoms or polyhydroxy substituted cyclic ether having 5 or 6 members.
18. A method according to claim 17 wherein R1 is straight or branched, unsaturated aliphatic having about 16 to 20 carbon atoms and R2 is -CH2 C(H)(OH)CH2OH.
19. A method according to claim 17 wherein said fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol is selected from the group consisitng of glyceryl oleate and soribitan laurate.
20. A method according to claim 16 wherein the pest repelling fragrance is selected from the group consisting of cedarwood, citronella, geraniol, rhodenol, terpineol, and the fragrances having the gas chromatograms shown in Figures 1 and 2.
21. A method according to claim 16 wherein the extending medium is selected from the group consisting of mineral oil and petrolatrum.
22. A method according to claim 16, wherein said composition further comprises a solubilizing agent.
23. A method according to claim 22 wherein said solubi-lizing agent is polyoxypropylene (10) stearyl ether.
24. A method according to claim 16, wherein said composi-tion comprises:
about 0.5 to 30% of said fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol, about 0.5 to 20% of said pest repelling fragrance; from about 60 to 99% of said extending medium; and 0 to about 10% solubilizing agent, by weight of the total composition.
about 0.5 to 30% of said fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol, about 0.5 to 20% of said pest repelling fragrance; from about 60 to 99% of said extending medium; and 0 to about 10% solubilizing agent, by weight of the total composition.
25. A method according to claim 24 wherein said fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol is glyceryl oleate.
26. A composition according to claim 25 whrein the pest repelling fragrance is selected from the group consisting of the fragrances having the gas chromatograms shown in Figures 1 and 2.
27. A method according to claim 17, wherein said composi-tion comprises:
about 1 to 10% glyceryl oleate; about 1 to 10% of said pest repelling fragrance and about 80-95% of mineral oil by weight of the total composition.
about 1 to 10% glyceryl oleate; about 1 to 10% of said pest repelling fragrance and about 80-95% of mineral oil by weight of the total composition.
28. A method according to claim 16 wherein said composi-tion further comprises a sunscreen agent.
29. A method according to claim 14 wherein said pest is a mosquito.
30. A composition according to claim 16 wherein the weight ratio of fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol to pest repelling fragrance is within the range of about 1:10 to 10:1.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US99439092A | 1992-12-21 | 1992-12-21 | |
| US07/994,390 | 1992-12-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2111909A1 true CA2111909A1 (en) | 1994-06-22 |
Family
ID=25540620
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2111909 Abandoned CA2111909A1 (en) | 1992-12-21 | 1993-12-20 | Repellent composition |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU676219B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9305147A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2111909A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX9400042A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1998023160A1 (en) * | 1996-11-27 | 1998-06-04 | Pritam Sain Jain | Insect repellent |
| WO2008082028A1 (en) * | 2006-12-28 | 2008-07-10 | Bio & Hnt, Inc. | Mosquito repellent comprising an esterified glycerol. |
-
1993
- 1993-12-20 AU AU52568/93A patent/AU676219B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-12-20 BR BR9305147A patent/BR9305147A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-12-20 CA CA 2111909 patent/CA2111909A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
1994
- 1994-01-03 MX MX9400042A patent/MX9400042A/en unknown
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1998023160A1 (en) * | 1996-11-27 | 1998-06-04 | Pritam Sain Jain | Insect repellent |
| WO2008082028A1 (en) * | 2006-12-28 | 2008-07-10 | Bio & Hnt, Inc. | Mosquito repellent comprising an esterified glycerol. |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR9305147A (en) | 1994-07-05 |
| AU5256893A (en) | 1994-06-30 |
| MX9400042A (en) | 1994-07-29 |
| AU676219B2 (en) | 1997-03-06 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| FZDE | Dead |