CA2088063C - Coating composition and methods of use - Google Patents
Coating composition and methods of use Download PDFInfo
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- CA2088063C CA2088063C CA002088063A CA2088063A CA2088063C CA 2088063 C CA2088063 C CA 2088063C CA 002088063 A CA002088063 A CA 002088063A CA 2088063 A CA2088063 A CA 2088063A CA 2088063 C CA2088063 C CA 2088063C
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- glass
- coating composition
- differential adhesion
- dried
- adhesion coating
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/32—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials using means for protecting parts of a surface not to be coated, e.g. using stencils, resists
- B05D1/322—Removable films used as masks
- B05D1/325—Masking layer made of peelable film
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/28—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material
- C03C17/32—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material with synthetic or natural resins
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Abstract
A differential adhesion coating composition (DAC) is provided herein. Such DAC
composition is first applied to trim material which is to be subsequently painted without regard to covering adjacent glass. The DAC composition is characterized by high adhesion to wood, metal, plastics and painted surfaces and at the same time by selective low adhesion to glass surfaces. After the painting operation of the window frame is completed, the dried DAC composition may be easily scraped, peeled, or otherwise lifted from the glass, together with any paint overlay thereon. When subjected to shear forces of pulling and scraping, the cohesive properties of the DAC composition, when considered in combination with a relatively low adhesion to glass, allows the dried DAC
composition, to be removed in long continuous strips rather than fracturing into small pieces.
Also, the DAC can be used directly as a paint, so that any paint which is inadvertently applied to glass during a painting operation can be subsequently lifted off the glass.
composition is first applied to trim material which is to be subsequently painted without regard to covering adjacent glass. The DAC composition is characterized by high adhesion to wood, metal, plastics and painted surfaces and at the same time by selective low adhesion to glass surfaces. After the painting operation of the window frame is completed, the dried DAC composition may be easily scraped, peeled, or otherwise lifted from the glass, together with any paint overlay thereon. When subjected to shear forces of pulling and scraping, the cohesive properties of the DAC composition, when considered in combination with a relatively low adhesion to glass, allows the dried DAC
composition, to be removed in long continuous strips rather than fracturing into small pieces.
Also, the DAC can be used directly as a paint, so that any paint which is inadvertently applied to glass during a painting operation can be subsequently lifted off the glass.
Description
~i;
CA 02088063 2002-11-25 ~'' COATING COMPOSITION AND METHODS OF USE
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates generally to coatings used to protect glass and glass-like surfaces (e.g., glazed ceramic or polished or plated metal) from paint or similar treatments.
More specifically, the present invention relates to a cohesive coating having a high adhesion to non-glass surfaces and a low adhesion to glass or glass-like surfaces so that once dry, the coating may be pulled off the glass or glass-like surface in a continuous strip.
BACKGROUND ART
When painting window frame and trim materials there is always the attendant problem of keeping the paint off the glass, while at the same time in order to protect the frame or trim from moisture, sealing the juncture between the trim and the glass with paint. Normally, the paint is applied in a narrow band on the glass surface adjacent tothe trim, but this method can be difficult and time-consuming, rec_ruiring an inordinate painting skill. Another less exacting method involves painting along the trim-glass junction, sometimes onto the glass, sometimes shy of the glass. While this method may be faster than the previous method, it leaves the trim-glass juncture in an unsealed state. In such cases rain water or indoor condensation will seep into the unprotected interface and eventually cause destruction of the trim materials by rotting or cracking. Also the old paint at the interface will be dried and cracked, thus allowing moisture to seep in at the interface and eventually lift the putty away from the glass to enhance further water penetration.
Still other methods include painting at will on the glass surface or window pane while painting the trim. A
scraper or razor blade must then be used to remove the paint. Ordinary latex paint can be scraped off within hours after being applied, but after that short period it will adhere to the glass strongly. When dry, ordinary j ..I
r v paint is not a particularly "cohesive" coating and, as such, will then break up, or fracture, when subjected to the sheer forces of the scraper. -When paint dries too thoroughly, it must be removed in small pieces, a time-consuming task which often damages the glass.
Yet another method involves masking. With masking, an adhesive coating or tape is placed on the window pane, prior to installation or after installation, so that the trim or frame material can be painted quickly and without regard to the juncture between glass and trim since any excess paint will be applied to the protective coating.
This method, however, again requires the time-consuming operation of carefully applying the adhesive coating so that it lines up with and abuts the glass-trim juncture.
To summarize the drawbacks of the above-mentioned methods for protecting window pane glass during a trim or frame painting operation, it will be seen that a high labour commitment is required, involving increased expense, or in the absence of skilled labor, sloppy work in the form of uneven edges of paint residue along the trim-glass interface or juncture, especially after spray painting (and including.concrete splatter on the window glass during new construction), or in the case of applying a protective coating for the glass, the time consuming step of applying masking tape or other protective adhesive coating to square up exactly with the glass-trim interface, in which case paint can be drawn under the edge of the tape or coating at the interface by capillary action. -DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly it is an object of a first aspect of the present invention to provide an improved masking composition.
CA 02088063 2002-11-25 ~'' COATING COMPOSITION AND METHODS OF USE
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates generally to coatings used to protect glass and glass-like surfaces (e.g., glazed ceramic or polished or plated metal) from paint or similar treatments.
More specifically, the present invention relates to a cohesive coating having a high adhesion to non-glass surfaces and a low adhesion to glass or glass-like surfaces so that once dry, the coating may be pulled off the glass or glass-like surface in a continuous strip.
BACKGROUND ART
When painting window frame and trim materials there is always the attendant problem of keeping the paint off the glass, while at the same time in order to protect the frame or trim from moisture, sealing the juncture between the trim and the glass with paint. Normally, the paint is applied in a narrow band on the glass surface adjacent tothe trim, but this method can be difficult and time-consuming, rec_ruiring an inordinate painting skill. Another less exacting method involves painting along the trim-glass junction, sometimes onto the glass, sometimes shy of the glass. While this method may be faster than the previous method, it leaves the trim-glass juncture in an unsealed state. In such cases rain water or indoor condensation will seep into the unprotected interface and eventually cause destruction of the trim materials by rotting or cracking. Also the old paint at the interface will be dried and cracked, thus allowing moisture to seep in at the interface and eventually lift the putty away from the glass to enhance further water penetration.
Still other methods include painting at will on the glass surface or window pane while painting the trim. A
scraper or razor blade must then be used to remove the paint. Ordinary latex paint can be scraped off within hours after being applied, but after that short period it will adhere to the glass strongly. When dry, ordinary j ..I
r v paint is not a particularly "cohesive" coating and, as such, will then break up, or fracture, when subjected to the sheer forces of the scraper. -When paint dries too thoroughly, it must be removed in small pieces, a time-consuming task which often damages the glass.
Yet another method involves masking. With masking, an adhesive coating or tape is placed on the window pane, prior to installation or after installation, so that the trim or frame material can be painted quickly and without regard to the juncture between glass and trim since any excess paint will be applied to the protective coating.
This method, however, again requires the time-consuming operation of carefully applying the adhesive coating so that it lines up with and abuts the glass-trim juncture.
To summarize the drawbacks of the above-mentioned methods for protecting window pane glass during a trim or frame painting operation, it will be seen that a high labour commitment is required, involving increased expense, or in the absence of skilled labor, sloppy work in the form of uneven edges of paint residue along the trim-glass interface or juncture, especially after spray painting (and including.concrete splatter on the window glass during new construction), or in the case of applying a protective coating for the glass, the time consuming step of applying masking tape or other protective adhesive coating to square up exactly with the glass-trim interface, in which case paint can be drawn under the edge of the tape or coating at the interface by capillary action. -DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly it is an object of a first aspect of the present invention to provide an improved masking composition.
An object of a second aspect of the present invention is to~provide a masking composition that can be applied.using conventional paint application techniques.
An object of a third aspect of the present invention is to provide a cohesive protective coating which may be applied to glass and non-glass surfaces, e.g., window panes and trim prior to painting, and after painting will adhere to the trim but will lift easily off the glass leaving the glass paint free.
An object of a fourth aspect of the present invention is to provide a protective coating which is easily and quickly applied to window trim and the adjacent window pane before painting and is easily removed from the glass after painting.
An object of a fifth aspect of the present invention is to provide a protective coating which is highly cohesive in that it does not break up, or fracture, when subjected to the shear forces of pulling or scraping the coating off glass-like surfaces.
An object of a sixth aspect of the present invention is to provide a protective coating which, when applied to window trim and abutting adjacent window panes, remains supple and easily removable from the glass for a sufficient amount of time after application to allow for delays in applying paint or other treatments to the window trim.
An object of a seventh aspect of the present invention is to provide a protective coating which, when applied to non-glass surfaces, may be painted with most paints, including both alkyd and latex paints, and which will adhere strongly to the non-glass surface.
An object of an eighth aspect is to provide a protective coating which, when applied to window trim and abutting adjacent window panes, will seal the trim-glass juncture.
An object of a ninth aspect of the present invention is to provide a protective coating which can be applied efficiently by relatively unskilled labourers and will still produce professional-looking results when painting non-glass surfaces which are abutting and adjacent to glass surfaces.
An object of a tenth aspect of the present invention is to provide a protective coating which can be applied to glass and which can also be used temporarily to display indicia, e.g., the glass manufacturer's logo, installation instructions, and the like.
i ', An object of an eleventh aspect of the present invention is-to provide a protective coating which may itself be used as a paint on any material which is adjacent to, and abutting, a glass-like surface.
An object of a twelfth aspect of the present invention is to provide an improved method for applying paint to non-glass materials which are adjacent to, and abutting, glass surfaces.
An object of a thirteenth aspect of the present invention is to provide a protective coating which has application to a DAC (differential adhesion composition) coating product and which may be used to coat any dissimilar and juxtaposed surfaces, where one is a surface to be treated, e.g., a non-glass surface whether painted or not, and the other is a glass or glazed ceramic surface.
A first broad aspect of the present invention provides a method for temporarily masking a glass-like surface which is adjacent to, and abutting, a non-glass material for relatively-permanently coating the non-glass material with a differential adhesion coating composition while temporarily coating the glass-like surface with the differential adhesion coating composition. The method includes applying the differential adhesion coating composition to the non-glass material and to an area of the glass-like surface which is adjacent to, and abutting, the non-glass material. The differential adhesion coating composition has a relatively-high adhesion to the non-glass material and a relatively-low adhesion to the glass-like surface when dried. The method includes allowing the differential adhesion coating composition to dry. The method includes lifting the dried differential adhesion coating composition only from the glass-like surface.
A second broad aspect of the present invention provides a method for painting a non-glass material which resides adjacent to, and abutting, a glass surface. The method includes the step of applying a differential adhesion liquid coating composition to the surface of the non-glass material proximate and abutting the glass surface and at least to a portion of the glass surface. The differential adhesion coating composition, when dried, has a high enough adhesion to the non-glass material to be a relatively-permanent coating thereon, and a low enough adhesion to the glass surface to be removable therefrom. The method includes allowing the differential adhesion liquid coating composition to dry to produce a dried differential adhesion coating composition, The method includes painting at least the non-i.
glass material, including portions having the dried differential adhesion coating composition thereon. The method includes lifting and removing the dried coating composition only away from the glass surface. ~~
By a first variant of these first and second broad aspects of the present invention, the step of applying the differential adhesion coating composition comprises applying the differential adhesion coating composition for a sufficient width on the glass-like or glass surface to serve as a mask over the glass-like or glass surface.
By a second variant of these first and second broad aspects of the present invention, and/or the first variant thereof, the method includes providing an edge between the non-glass material and the glass-like or glass surface, and then carrying out the lifting step by the step of separating the dried differential adhesion coating composition from itself along the edge so that the dried differential adhesion coating composition remains applied to the portion of the non-glass material.
By a third variant of these first and second broad aspects of the present invention, and/or the first variant thereof, the method includes providing an edge between the non-glass material and the glass-like or glass surface, and cutting a line on the dried differential adhesion coating composition proximate the edge prior to the lifting step, thereby to guide the separation of the dried differential adhesion coating composition from itself along the line so that the dried differential adhesion coating composition remains applied to the portion of the non-glass material.
By a fourth variant of these first and second broad aspects of the present invention, and/or the first variants thereof, the method includes the step of waiting at least one day between the allowing step and the lifting step. By a variation thereof, the lifting step is carned out at any time up to one month after the allowing step.
By a fifth variant of these first and second broad aspects of the present invention, and/or the first variants thereof, the lifting step is accomplished by scraping the dried differential adhesion coating composition off of the glass-like or glass surface.
By a sixth variant of these first and second broad aspects of the present invention, and/or the first variants thereof, the method includes carrying out the lifting step by exerting a tensile stress on the dried differential adhesion coating composition and previously having formulated the differential adhesion coating composition so that, after the allowing step, ~, ~ - i~
cohesive forces of the dried differential adhesion coating composition that resist the tensile stress are greater than adhesive forces between the dried differential adhesion coating composition and the glass surface. " - -By a seventh variant of these first and second broad aspects of the present invention, and/or the first variants thereof, the method includes carrying out the lifting step by exerting a tensile stress on the dried differential adhesion coating composition and previously having formulated the differential adhesion coating composition so that, after the allowing step, cohesive forces of the dried differential adhesion coating composition that resist the tensile stress are less than adhesive forces between the dried differential adhesion coating composition and the glass surface.
By an eighth carrying out the lifting step by exerting a tensile stress on the dried differential adhesion coating composition and previously having formulated carrying out the lifting step by exerting a shear stress on the differential adhesion coating composition and previously having formulated the differential adhesion coating composition so that, after the differential adhesion coating composition dries, cohesive forces of the coating composition that resist shear stress are greater than adhesive forces between the coating composition and the glass surface.
By a variation of the sixth and seventh variants described above, the step of having formulated the differential adhesion coating composition comprises formulating the differential adhesion coating composition to include a resin emulsion.
. By an eighth variant of the second broad aspect of the present invention, and/or the above variants thereof, the painting step comprises the step of applying a paint so that the paint overlies the dried differential adhesion coating composition on the glass-like or glass surface and on the non-glass material.
A third broad aspect of the present invention provides a differential adhesion coating composition for use in applying a temporary mask to a glass surface which resides adjacent to, and abutting, a non-glass material. The differential adhesion coating composition includes a resin emulsion, and a wet edge agent. The differential adhesion coating composition has been formulated to have a relatively-high adhesion to the non-glass material.
and a relatively-low adhesion to the glass-like or glass surface, when dried. Thus, when dried, the differential adhesion coating composition may be lifted away from only the glass-like or glass surface.
By a first variant of this third broad aspect of the present i-nvention, proportions of the resin emulsion and wet-edge agent are so selected that, after drying, cohesive forces of the dried differential adhesion coating composition that resist the (ensile stress are greater than --adhesive forces between the dried differential adhesion coating composition and the glass-like or glass surface.
By a second variant of this third broad aspect of the present invention, proportions of the resin emulsion and wet-edge agent are so selected that, after drying, cohesive forces of the dried differential adhesion coating composition that resist the tensile stress are less than adhesive forces between the dried differential adhesion coating composition and the glass-like or glass surface.
By a third variant of this third broad aspect of the present invention, proportions of the resin emulsion are the wet-edge agents are so selected that cohesive forces of the coating composition that resist shear stress are greater than adhesive forces between the coating composition and the glass-like or glass surface.
By a fourth variant of this third broad aspect of the present invention, and/or the above variants thereof, proportions of the resin emulsion and wet-edge agent are so selected that the relative strengths of cohesive and adhesive forces are maintained for at least one day after the differential adhesion composition dries.
By a fifth variant of this third broad aspect of the present invention, and/or the above variants thereof, proportions of the resin emulsion and wet-edge agent are so selected that the relative strengths of cohesive and adhesive forces are maintained for at least one month after the differential adhesion composition dries.
By a sixth variant of this third broad aspect of the present invention, and/or the above variants thereof, for a given weight of the resin emulsion, the wet-edge agent is present in a quantity of 1 % to 4% of the given weight. By a variation thereof, the resin emulsion is an acrylic resin, the wet-edge agent includes a glycerol, and the composition additionally comprises a defoaming agent and a preservative agent.
A fourth broad aspect of the present invention provides a method of making a differential adhesion. The method includes the step of adding, to an ordinary latex paint formulation, a compatible, water-soluble, hygroscopic agent which remains in the paint in sufficient quantity consistently to produce a differential adhesion effect for at least 30 days after the composition has dried on surfaces. The differential adhesion effect is defined as being high enough adhesion to a non-glass material to be a relatively-permanent coating thereon and a low enough adhesion to a glass-like or glass surface to be removed therefrorri. --By a first variant of this fourth broad aspect of the present invention, the method includes the step of selecting glycerol as the hygroscopic agent.
By a second variant of this fourth broad aspect of the present invention, and/or the above first variant thereof, the ordinary latex paint formulation includes a resin, and the method additionally includes the step of using the glycerol in a proportion which is at least 10% by weight of the resin within the paint.
A fifth broad aspect of the present invention provides a method for painting a non-glass material which resides adjacent to, and abuts a glass-like or a glass surface without ultimately painting the glass-like or glass surface. The method includes the step of applying a differential adhesion liquid coating composition to a non-glass material which is proximate to, and abuts, the g lass-like or glass material and at least to a portion of the glass-like or glass surface abutting the non-glass material, the coating composition having relatively low adhesion to glass surfaces and relatively high adhesion to non-glass material when dried. The method includes allowing the differential adhesion coating composition to dry.
The method includes painting at least the non-glass material, including portions having the dried differential adhesion coating composition thereon. The method includes lifting and removing the dried differential adhesion coating composition only away from the glass surface.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
In the accompanying drawings, FIGURE 1 shows a front view of a window with trim;
FIGURE 2 shows the window of FIGURE 1 after a differential adhesive composition (DAC) coating of an embodiment of an aspect of the present invention has been applied according to another embodiment of an aspect of the present invention;
FIGURE 3 shows the window after the trim and underlying DAC coating of an embodiment of an aspect of the present invention have been painted according to another embodiment of an aspect of the present invention;
.. ~ . ~ ., i .i FIGURE 4 illustrates the use of a scribe or razor blade to mark a tear line for use in lifting the DAC coating of an embodiment of an aspect of the present invention off the glass according to another embodiment of an aspect of the present invention; and FIGURE 5 shows the painted trim clean glass, and removal of the last continuous strip of the DAC coating of an embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, according to another embodiment of an aspect of the present invention.
AT LEAST ONE MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Following is a first example of the coating composition of an embodiment of an aspect of the present invention exhibiting differential adhesion properties:
Example 1 Materials Parts by weight Acrylic Emulsion (Rohm & Haas ML-200TM).......................................................................77 .1 Defoamer (Ross FOAMBLASTTM
384e)..........................................................................
....._D_1 Preservative (BUSANTM
102..4)........................................................................
.......................Ø1 Stabilizer and wet-edge agent (propylene glycol)........................................................................
........2_8 (glycerol).....................................................................
.....................Ø8 Coalescent (Tennessee Eastman TEXANOLT"'.)..................................................2.2 Cellulose Thickener (Hercules HBRTM 1.5 % ). . . .. .. . .. .. . . .. .. . . .
. . . . .. . . .. .. .. . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . . 16.1 Associate Thickener (Rohm & Haas ACRYSOL RM-825T"" 25 % ). .. . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . .
.. . .. ....... ........... 0.8 Following are further examples of the differential adhesive composition (DAC) coating according to an embodiment of aspect of the present invention:
Example 2 Materials Parts by weight Acrylic Emulsion (Rohm & Haas AC707TM)......................................................................1 07.1 Associate Thickener (Rohm & Haas RM1020"~)...................................................................3.5 I
Preservative (Cosan Chemical 234TM
)..............................................................................
.....Ø4 Coalescent (Tennessee Eastman TEXANOLTM)....................................................3.4 UV Absorber (Ciba-Geigy TINUVINTM
1130).......:..:.'...................................:...:_T:0 Stabilizer (propylene glycol).:......................................................................
...3.0 Antifoam (Dow Corning H-lOTM)....................................................................Ø3 Associate Thickener (Rohm & Haas TT165TM)......................................................................
1.0 Water..........................................................................
..........................................................._10.0 Example 3 Materials Parts by weight Acrylic emulsion/resin emulsion (Rohm & Haas AC707Tn''/AC235T"'' 1:1.vut_).............................................428.0 Associate Thickener (Union Carbide SCT 270TH' 10%
)......................................... 7.0 Preservative (Cosan Chemical 234TM )...........................
......................................................1.6 Coalescent (Tennessee Eastman TEXANOLTM) . . . . .. . ... . .. . . . . . . . .
. .. .. .. . . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . . . .. . . .7.1 UV Absorber (Ciba-Geigy TINUVINTM 1130) ............................................:.......2.9 pH Adjustment (NHOH).........................................................................
....10.0 Stabilizer (propylene glycol) .........................................................................4.0 Stabilizer (ethylene glycol) .........................................................................4.0 Defoamer (Daniel Products DF8815T"') .. . . . . .. . .. .. .. . .. . . . ... .
.. . . . ... . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. .. . .1.0 Associate Thickener (Rohm & Haas RM1020TM)............................................... 14.0 Example 4 Materials Parts by weight Acrylic Emulsion (Rohm & Haas AC235TM)....................................................................:.1 07.0 Associate Thickener (Rohm & Haas RM1O2OTM)..............................................~...~~~..~~~...~.~~~~
1.0 Associate Thickener (Rohm & Haas RM825TM)....................................................................2.0 Preservative (Cosan Chemical 234TM
)..............................................................................
.....Ø4 Coalescent (Tennessee Eastman TEXANOLTM.).................................................................._.
2.4 TM
UV Absorber (Ciba-Geigy TINUVIN
1130).......................................................................1.0 i, !' CA 02088063 2002-11-25 Ph Adj ustment (NH OH) ...............................................................................
..........................4.0 Stabilizer (propylene glycol)........................................................................
.......................... 3.5 In each of the above-listed examples, the composition of the coating according to an embodiment of an aspect of the invention is the environmentally acceptable. A
less expensive version of the formulation can be created by increasing the amount of water in the formulation. In that case, more thickener may be needed. This inexpensive formulation will take more time to dry. Also, a less expensive resin may be used.
Some of the resin families that may be used with the composition of an embodiment of an aspect of the present invention include: acrylic resins; polyvinyl acetates; and alkyd resins. Some acrylic emulsion vehicles for the DAC (differential adhesion composition) coating according to an aspect of the present invention are sufficient of themselves to act as differential adhesive coatings exhibiting the properties of having low adhesion to glass and high adhesion to wood, baked enamels and painted surfaces, and certain metals and plastics.
For the purpose of aspects of the present invention, namely to provide a protective coating for window glass during a painting operation performed on the trim adjacent to, and abutting, the glass, the effectiveness of the acrylic emulsion is enhanced by the addition of the above-described materials. For example, the thickener agent improves the strength of the coating. The coalescing agent serves to bind the resin particles or ingredients of the composition of an aspect of the present invention, that is, binds or "glues" the microscopic resin particles together as the coating composition from decay in the container and as a film when applied. The wet-edge agent, namely, the glycol and glycerol component, not only enhances uniform application of the coating composition when it is applied to the work surface but it also helps ease the liftability of the DAC
coating composition of an aspect of the present invention under varying conditions of temperature and humidity. Glycerol and various glycols serve as hygroscopic agents. In one preferred embodiment, about 1 to 4 parts of coalescing agent and about 1 to 4 parts of wet-edge agent are utilized for each 100 parts of resin emulsion.
The capacity of hygroscopic agents to absorb and retain moisture or water is believed to have a significant influence over the differential adhesion effect. It is believed that some I , I . ~ n resin emulsions as supplied by the manufacturer have sufficient differential adhesion characteristics to work as a differential adhesion composition alone. The differential adhesion effect appears to come in part from the retention of higher-than-normal levels of moisture in the coating over relatively long periods. A loss of moisture in the coating results in a reduction in liftability. However, by the use of a very powerful hygroscopic agent, the water can be retained in the DAC coating of an aspect of the present invention even during the most adverse ambient conditions. The same effect may be produced to a lesser extent by using larger quantities of less hygroscopic additives. In a preferred embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, the differential adhesion characteristics of the DAC coating of an aspect of the present invention persist for longer than one day and preferably at least 30 to 60 days after application. This length of time allows for ordinary, and even extraordinary, delays in completing a painting job.
The DAC coating of an aspect of the present invention can be made as shown in Examples 2 and 3 by the use of propylene glycol and/or ethylene glycol. These hygroscopic agents are formulated into ordinary paint for other reasons than achieving the differential adhesion characteristics of an aspect of the present invention and at much higher percentages than in the differential adhesion coating formulations.
Yet, ordinary paint can only be scraped with relative ease during a very short time after application, generally less than 24 hours, depending on the specific formulation of the paint and the ambient temperature, humidity, and other factors. It is believed that this difference between the DAC coating of an aspect of the present invention and ordinary paint may be caused by the pigment in the paint. The pigments may tend to absorb the ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and other hygroscopic agents, reducing their effectiveness.
Regardless, conventional paints are unsuitable as differential adhesion coatings.
The suggested hygroscopic agents are the glycols, glycerol, and CARBITOLTM
solvent, and hygroscopic agents as shown in Table 1. However, any hygroscopic agent is a candidate. Glycerol is the preferred candidate since it absorbs and retains a very high percentage of moisture for an extended period of time, as shown in Table 2.
i Table 1 Hyaroscopic A eats - ----Only a few chemical categories account for the major hygroscopic agents. These are:
(1) Quaternary ammonium compounds, (2) Amine derivatives, (3) Phosphate esters, ( 4 ) Derivatives of polyhydric alcohols, e-g., (a) Sorbitol, and (b) Glycerine, (5) Polyglycol esters of fatty acids, and ( 6 ) Glycols, e.g., (a) Ethylene glycol, (b) Diethylene glycol, (c) Triethylene glycol, (d) Propylene glycol, (e) Dipropylene glycol, and (f) Tripropylene glycol.
fable 2 Hygroscopicity of 99.5%-purity Glycerine ,fit 50% Relative Humiditv Percentage Weig ht Increase Hour ~, 70'F(21'C) ~"'77'F(25'C) The preferred hygroscopic agents used to provide the DAC of aspects of the present invention generally have the following characteristics: 1) water soluble; 2) liquid between temperatures of 30° F (-1° C) and 150°F (66°C); 3) low in vapour pressure; 4) high flash point; 5) low evaporation rate; 6) low toxicity; 7) commercially available at reasonable cost; 8) non-corrosive; and 9) stable at the pH of the coating.
FIGURES 1 to 4 illustrate a method of painting in accordance with an aspect of the present invention. FIGURE 1 illustrates a window 10 having glass panes 12 and window trim or frame 14. FIGURE 1 depicts the state of window IO prior to beginning a painting operation. In other words, glass panes 12 are relatively free of paint and other foreign substances, and frame 14 is in need of painting.
FIGURE 2 shows window 10 after application of a DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention, prepared in accordance with above-discussed teaching of the method of an aspect of the present invention and applied according to another aspect of the present invention. DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention may be brushed, wiped, rolled, or sprayed on the work surfaces to be treated. In the case of brushing, DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention may be applied directly to trim 14 with the excess spilling over onto glass 12 as shown in FIGURE 2. Preferably, this excess is of sufficient width to serve as a paint mask for glass 12 as the trim 14 is being painted.
A second version (not shown) involves applying DAC coating 16 an aspect of the present invention on glass 12 at the juncture between the wood 14 (or other non-glass material) and glass 12, in order to mask or protect glass 12 new window trim 14. In this method, naturally some of DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention will ride up onto widow frame 14 as it is being applied go glass 12, especially if it is being applied quickly, which is desirable, and by an unskilled hand.
A third version (not shown) of applying DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention is preferably utilized when spray painting or other types of wide-spread splatter are anticipated. In the third version, DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention is applied over the entire exposed surface of glass 12.
Because of the differential adhesion properties, DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention will adhere well to window frame 14, the same as ordinary paint will, while at the same time adhering in a dramatically different way to glass 12 by selectively adhering to glass 12. DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention adheres firmly to glass 12, exhibiting at the same time low tensile adhesion, or low resistance to tensile forces, much as a removable sticky label adheres to any surface.
Once DAC coating I6 of an aspect of the present invention is applied and covers a suitably wide strip of glass 12 adjacent window trim 14, and once it sets up or otherwise CA 02088063 2002-11-25 !' _ becomes coatable, normally within three hours after application, the painting operation on trim 14 can begin. FIGURE 3 shows window 10 after a paint 18 or other covering composition is applied according to an aspect of the present invention. As a surface to be4~
painted, DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention readily accepts both alkyd and latex paints. Painting can commence without regard to keeping paint 18 off glass 12, since any paint 18 that may ride over onto glass 12 will ride onto DAC coating 16.
Referring to FIGURES 4 and 5, after painting is complete and paint 18 is dry, DAC
coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention on glass 12 may be lifted off in an essentially continuous strip or sheet, together with any overlay of paint 18 thereon. For the purposes of an aspect of the present invention, lifting is defined as a sheet-like removal either by peeling or by scraping, as opposed to, and distinguished from, chipping, in which the material is removed in flakes or granules. If, after the first step of applying DAC
coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention to glass 12 is initiated, the painting operation is delayed for some reason, the preferred embodiment of DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention may be left on glass 12 for a reasonably long time. Coating 16 may be left on glass 12 for about a month under outdoor conditions and up to four months under indoor conditions before it becomes necessary to paint trim 14 and remove DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention.
It is preferable, but optional, to cut, scratch, or otherwise scribe a line 20 in DAC
coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention along the juncture or edge of trim I4 and glass 12 with a knife 22, razor blade, or the like (see FIGURE 4) prior to lifting the dried DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention away from glass 12.
Scribe Iine 20 insures that DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention may be separated from itself in a controlled manner and at desired locations. If a very sharp object, e.g., a razor blade, is used to form scribe line 20, blade surface is preferably held at about 30 degrees to the plane of glass 12 for best results. In this way, the blade 22 doesn't scratch glass 12 as it might if it were held normal to glass 12. The dried DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention can be lifted off the glass surface by peeling or scraping.
Depending on the coating formulation, the dried DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention may break into many pieces during scraping. By scraping is meant the process of removal using a razor blade in which the coating is easily lifted as opposed to being removed by i i _ substantial force.
Next, dried DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention is simply lifted away from glass 12. Due to the difference in adhesion between dried DAC
coating 16 and glass 12, on one hand, and between dried DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention and trim 14, on the other hand, dried DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention peels or otherwise lifts easily. The mechanism whereby the product of an embodiment of an aspect of the present invention exhibits this selective or differential adhesion is believed to be present in the aspect of the present invention between the dried DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention and the type of surface to which it is applied.
In addition, dried DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention has strong cohesive properties, which means that dried DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention tends to stick to itself. When subjected to the shear stresses that result from peeling, pulling, or scraping, of the dried DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention off glass 12, the cohesive forces of dried DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention are greater than the adhesive forces between dried DAC
coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention and glass 12. Consequently, dried DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention separates from glass 12 while cohesively sticking to itself.
In other words, in the presence of a shear stress in dried DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention tends to separate from glass 12 before it fractures or otherwise separates from itself. Moreover, this strong cohesive property relative to low glass adhesion persists for a couple of months, as discussed above.
On the other hand, once DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention dries or otherwise becomes coatable, it adheres to non-glass materials, e. g. , frame 14, much more strongly than it adheres to glass 12. The forces applied due to cohesive properties of dried DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention are less than forces applied due to the non-glass adhesive property. Thus, dried DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention tends to separate from itself rather than separate from frame 14.
Scribe line 20 guides this separation. On the other hand, scribe line 20 may be omitted. When scribe line 20 is omitted, dried DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention is simply lifted off glass 12 once a corner or tab is created. Trim or frame 14 of .. . . ~....,.I.. , i FI
window 10 then acts acceptably well in many applications as a straight edge for severing dried DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention from its counterpart on trim 14.
After dried DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention has been completely removed from glass 12, the painting job is complete for the purposes of an embodiment of the present invention. Glass 12 is substantially-free of paint. At least a portion of trim 14 may be covered with dried DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention and paint 18.
The above-discussed preferred embodiment of the DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention is a generally-transparent composition. A dye or pigment can be introduced into this DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention in order to give it colour or opacity if such is desirable. However, a clear coating functions as well as a coloured one for the above-discussed glass protection purposes.
In the case of using the DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention with new windows, the manufacturer's logo, directions etc. may advantageously be printed on the DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention once it is applied to the glass. In this way, the coating might bear the glass manufacturer's name or a particular paint company's name, or the name of a manufacturer or service company that might be instrumental in the installation and painting of windows, glass doors and the like. Such temporary indicia as logos, directions, etc. may be applied onto the coating by well known methods, e.g., silk screen, printing, stamping, etc.; or the same indicia could be affixed to a carrier e.g., paper or film and the carrier could then be applied to the DAC
coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention by any suitable method. In some cases, the indicia could be cut away from the coating in areas where there would be no possibility of paint coming in contact with that part of the coating. It is conceivable, too, that the cut-away portions of the DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention conforming to the indicia being represented could be filled in with a paint, or other permanent marking, that would stay on the glass as a logo or name if such glass were used commercially, as in a store window or office window or the like.
An aspect of the present invention further contemplates the use of the DAC
coating of an aspect of the present invention itself as a paint, or painting composition.
For use as a paint, a proper pigmentation is applied to the DAC composition of an aspect of the present _ invention in order to render the DAC coating of an aspect of the present invention a coloured paint composition of whatever colour. In one embodiment, the DAC of an aspect of the present invention paint is formed by adding about 4 % glycerine to ordinary latex paint. Testing has shown that adding about 4 % by total weight of glycerol to an ordinary latex paint, e.g., Benjamin Moore MOORGLOT"', will produce a differential adhesion paint. Preferably, the percentage of glycerol to resin is greater than about 10 % . Since there is approximately 20% resin in MOORGLOT"' paint, the percent of glycerol to resin in the MOORGLOTM paint example is about 20 % .
One example of ordinary latex paint lists the following ingredients:
Resin or binders 234 lbs. 22%
Water 455 lbs. 44 %
Pigment 249 lbs. 24 %
Wet edge agent75 lbs. 7 Coalescent 12 lbs. 1 Other 17 lbs. 2 Depending on the paint and other factors, less glycerol will provide an acceptable product for less long periods of time. Also, adding glycerol to paint creates a differential adhesion coating of an aspect of the present invention that is not as strong cohesively as the unpigmented differential adhesion coating examples presented above. Further, the percentage of glycerol can be raised to make the differential adhesion effect last longer.
Thus, it appears that a very strong and/or long lasting hygroscopic agent is available to create consistent differential adhesion properties. For the purposes of an aspect of the present invention, consistent differential adhesion indicates that the ease with which the coating may be removed remains relatively stable over a relatively long period of time.
The current use of about 16 % propylene glycol and ethylene glycol in paints alone fails to produce an acceptable differential adhesion effect. Generally, the time between applying a first coat of paint and completion of drying of a second or third coat exceeds the duration during which the first coat of paint is liftable from the glass. In other words, a first coat of conventional paint cannot be easily scraped from glass if it is sufficiently dry to support a second coat of paint. Consequently, when multiple coats of conventional paint are applied, the paint cannot be scraped off glass unless each coat of paint is separately removed before applying the next coat, a time consuming and costly job.
However, the DAC paint of an aspect of the present invention formed as - -'--discussed above is liftable for 30 days or more. The DAC paint is used directly as a paint on window frames and trim materials or on any materials that border and abut a glass or glass-like surface (e.g., a glazed ceramic or polished or plated metal). When DAC paint is being applied, the above-discussed step of first applying the DAC of an aspect of the present invention coating as a glass-protecting coating is unnecessary.
Rather, the DAC
paint is applied directly as a paint on window frames and the like without regard for getting the DAC paint of an aspect of the present invention on the glass. Once the DAC
paint of an aspect of the present invention sets up on the glass, further coats of paint can be added.
After the painting job is complete, the portions of the dried DAC coating on the glass would be removed from the glass as previously described.
The pigmented DAC paint coating, described above, may also be used as a primer or first coat. Hence, another kind of finishing paint that is perhaps more suitable to the needs of the user at the time may be used over the DAC paint of an aspect of the present invention. Once the primer DAC paint of an aspect of the present invention is applied, according to the steps above described according to an embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, further coats of a different paint (perhaps a different colour) can be applied over the primer on the non-glass surface to be treated. The adjacent glass, then, would be protected because of the initial coat of DAC paint primer of an aspect of the present invention thereon, which ultimately would be lifted off the glass together with the subsequent coats of paint thereon.
In summary, according to aspects of the present invention, a coating composition is provided having differential adhesion properties when applied in a single operation to trim material which is to be painted without regard to covering adjacent and abutting window glass. The DAC (differential adhesion composition) coating of an aspect of the present invention is characterized by high adhesion to wood, painted surfaces and certain metals and plastics and at the same time by a low or selective adhesion to glass and glass-like surfaces, so that the dried DAC coating of an aspect of the present invention may be lifted off from the glass once the coating sets up or otherwise becomes coatable (about I, ; I : . hi three hours after application) together with any paint overlay' thereon after a subsequent painting operation of the window frame is completed. As a surface to be treated with paint, the coating will adhere to other paints, for example, alkyd and latex paints.
In order to remove the dried DAC coating of an aspect of the present invention, it is only necessary to lift an edge of the coating from the glass, as by a razor blade or other suitable tool, to provide a gripping area so that the coating can be removed from the glass in a continuous manner, similar to removing a stick-on label. The particular adhesive quality on glass and glass-like surfaces of the dried DAC coating of an aspect of the present invention is characterized by a low resistance to tensile forces, so that the dried DAC
coating of an aspect of the present invention sticks to the glass surface once it is applied (either by brush, roller or spraying) but can be easily lifted away from that surface after curing or setting-up.
The dried DAC coating of an aspect of the present invention is extremely cohesive, causing it to remain in a continuous strip or sheet rather than fracturing when subjected to sheer forces inherent in pulling or lifting the coating off the glass. The dried DAC
coating of an aspect of the present invention can be left on the glass surface for a reasonably long time, about 1 to 2 months under outdoor conditions and up to about four months under indoor conditions, before it becomes necessary to paint the trim.
The present invention in its various aspects may be exploited by makers of coating compositions, masking products, paints, primers, and the like. The method of an aspect of the present invention can be exploited by painting contractors, homeowners, hobbyists, or anyone needing to paint non-glass materials which are adjacent to, and abutting, glass-like surfaces rapidly and inexpensively. The method for adding indicia to a glass-like surface could be exploited by makers of glass or paint or by any other business or individual with an interest in temporarily displaying advertising or instructions on glass.
An object of a third aspect of the present invention is to provide a cohesive protective coating which may be applied to glass and non-glass surfaces, e.g., window panes and trim prior to painting, and after painting will adhere to the trim but will lift easily off the glass leaving the glass paint free.
An object of a fourth aspect of the present invention is to provide a protective coating which is easily and quickly applied to window trim and the adjacent window pane before painting and is easily removed from the glass after painting.
An object of a fifth aspect of the present invention is to provide a protective coating which is highly cohesive in that it does not break up, or fracture, when subjected to the shear forces of pulling or scraping the coating off glass-like surfaces.
An object of a sixth aspect of the present invention is to provide a protective coating which, when applied to window trim and abutting adjacent window panes, remains supple and easily removable from the glass for a sufficient amount of time after application to allow for delays in applying paint or other treatments to the window trim.
An object of a seventh aspect of the present invention is to provide a protective coating which, when applied to non-glass surfaces, may be painted with most paints, including both alkyd and latex paints, and which will adhere strongly to the non-glass surface.
An object of an eighth aspect is to provide a protective coating which, when applied to window trim and abutting adjacent window panes, will seal the trim-glass juncture.
An object of a ninth aspect of the present invention is to provide a protective coating which can be applied efficiently by relatively unskilled labourers and will still produce professional-looking results when painting non-glass surfaces which are abutting and adjacent to glass surfaces.
An object of a tenth aspect of the present invention is to provide a protective coating which can be applied to glass and which can also be used temporarily to display indicia, e.g., the glass manufacturer's logo, installation instructions, and the like.
i ', An object of an eleventh aspect of the present invention is-to provide a protective coating which may itself be used as a paint on any material which is adjacent to, and abutting, a glass-like surface.
An object of a twelfth aspect of the present invention is to provide an improved method for applying paint to non-glass materials which are adjacent to, and abutting, glass surfaces.
An object of a thirteenth aspect of the present invention is to provide a protective coating which has application to a DAC (differential adhesion composition) coating product and which may be used to coat any dissimilar and juxtaposed surfaces, where one is a surface to be treated, e.g., a non-glass surface whether painted or not, and the other is a glass or glazed ceramic surface.
A first broad aspect of the present invention provides a method for temporarily masking a glass-like surface which is adjacent to, and abutting, a non-glass material for relatively-permanently coating the non-glass material with a differential adhesion coating composition while temporarily coating the glass-like surface with the differential adhesion coating composition. The method includes applying the differential adhesion coating composition to the non-glass material and to an area of the glass-like surface which is adjacent to, and abutting, the non-glass material. The differential adhesion coating composition has a relatively-high adhesion to the non-glass material and a relatively-low adhesion to the glass-like surface when dried. The method includes allowing the differential adhesion coating composition to dry. The method includes lifting the dried differential adhesion coating composition only from the glass-like surface.
A second broad aspect of the present invention provides a method for painting a non-glass material which resides adjacent to, and abutting, a glass surface. The method includes the step of applying a differential adhesion liquid coating composition to the surface of the non-glass material proximate and abutting the glass surface and at least to a portion of the glass surface. The differential adhesion coating composition, when dried, has a high enough adhesion to the non-glass material to be a relatively-permanent coating thereon, and a low enough adhesion to the glass surface to be removable therefrom. The method includes allowing the differential adhesion liquid coating composition to dry to produce a dried differential adhesion coating composition, The method includes painting at least the non-i.
glass material, including portions having the dried differential adhesion coating composition thereon. The method includes lifting and removing the dried coating composition only away from the glass surface. ~~
By a first variant of these first and second broad aspects of the present invention, the step of applying the differential adhesion coating composition comprises applying the differential adhesion coating composition for a sufficient width on the glass-like or glass surface to serve as a mask over the glass-like or glass surface.
By a second variant of these first and second broad aspects of the present invention, and/or the first variant thereof, the method includes providing an edge between the non-glass material and the glass-like or glass surface, and then carrying out the lifting step by the step of separating the dried differential adhesion coating composition from itself along the edge so that the dried differential adhesion coating composition remains applied to the portion of the non-glass material.
By a third variant of these first and second broad aspects of the present invention, and/or the first variant thereof, the method includes providing an edge between the non-glass material and the glass-like or glass surface, and cutting a line on the dried differential adhesion coating composition proximate the edge prior to the lifting step, thereby to guide the separation of the dried differential adhesion coating composition from itself along the line so that the dried differential adhesion coating composition remains applied to the portion of the non-glass material.
By a fourth variant of these first and second broad aspects of the present invention, and/or the first variants thereof, the method includes the step of waiting at least one day between the allowing step and the lifting step. By a variation thereof, the lifting step is carned out at any time up to one month after the allowing step.
By a fifth variant of these first and second broad aspects of the present invention, and/or the first variants thereof, the lifting step is accomplished by scraping the dried differential adhesion coating composition off of the glass-like or glass surface.
By a sixth variant of these first and second broad aspects of the present invention, and/or the first variants thereof, the method includes carrying out the lifting step by exerting a tensile stress on the dried differential adhesion coating composition and previously having formulated the differential adhesion coating composition so that, after the allowing step, ~, ~ - i~
cohesive forces of the dried differential adhesion coating composition that resist the tensile stress are greater than adhesive forces between the dried differential adhesion coating composition and the glass surface. " - -By a seventh variant of these first and second broad aspects of the present invention, and/or the first variants thereof, the method includes carrying out the lifting step by exerting a tensile stress on the dried differential adhesion coating composition and previously having formulated the differential adhesion coating composition so that, after the allowing step, cohesive forces of the dried differential adhesion coating composition that resist the tensile stress are less than adhesive forces between the dried differential adhesion coating composition and the glass surface.
By an eighth carrying out the lifting step by exerting a tensile stress on the dried differential adhesion coating composition and previously having formulated carrying out the lifting step by exerting a shear stress on the differential adhesion coating composition and previously having formulated the differential adhesion coating composition so that, after the differential adhesion coating composition dries, cohesive forces of the coating composition that resist shear stress are greater than adhesive forces between the coating composition and the glass surface.
By a variation of the sixth and seventh variants described above, the step of having formulated the differential adhesion coating composition comprises formulating the differential adhesion coating composition to include a resin emulsion.
. By an eighth variant of the second broad aspect of the present invention, and/or the above variants thereof, the painting step comprises the step of applying a paint so that the paint overlies the dried differential adhesion coating composition on the glass-like or glass surface and on the non-glass material.
A third broad aspect of the present invention provides a differential adhesion coating composition for use in applying a temporary mask to a glass surface which resides adjacent to, and abutting, a non-glass material. The differential adhesion coating composition includes a resin emulsion, and a wet edge agent. The differential adhesion coating composition has been formulated to have a relatively-high adhesion to the non-glass material.
and a relatively-low adhesion to the glass-like or glass surface, when dried. Thus, when dried, the differential adhesion coating composition may be lifted away from only the glass-like or glass surface.
By a first variant of this third broad aspect of the present i-nvention, proportions of the resin emulsion and wet-edge agent are so selected that, after drying, cohesive forces of the dried differential adhesion coating composition that resist the (ensile stress are greater than --adhesive forces between the dried differential adhesion coating composition and the glass-like or glass surface.
By a second variant of this third broad aspect of the present invention, proportions of the resin emulsion and wet-edge agent are so selected that, after drying, cohesive forces of the dried differential adhesion coating composition that resist the tensile stress are less than adhesive forces between the dried differential adhesion coating composition and the glass-like or glass surface.
By a third variant of this third broad aspect of the present invention, proportions of the resin emulsion are the wet-edge agents are so selected that cohesive forces of the coating composition that resist shear stress are greater than adhesive forces between the coating composition and the glass-like or glass surface.
By a fourth variant of this third broad aspect of the present invention, and/or the above variants thereof, proportions of the resin emulsion and wet-edge agent are so selected that the relative strengths of cohesive and adhesive forces are maintained for at least one day after the differential adhesion composition dries.
By a fifth variant of this third broad aspect of the present invention, and/or the above variants thereof, proportions of the resin emulsion and wet-edge agent are so selected that the relative strengths of cohesive and adhesive forces are maintained for at least one month after the differential adhesion composition dries.
By a sixth variant of this third broad aspect of the present invention, and/or the above variants thereof, for a given weight of the resin emulsion, the wet-edge agent is present in a quantity of 1 % to 4% of the given weight. By a variation thereof, the resin emulsion is an acrylic resin, the wet-edge agent includes a glycerol, and the composition additionally comprises a defoaming agent and a preservative agent.
A fourth broad aspect of the present invention provides a method of making a differential adhesion. The method includes the step of adding, to an ordinary latex paint formulation, a compatible, water-soluble, hygroscopic agent which remains in the paint in sufficient quantity consistently to produce a differential adhesion effect for at least 30 days after the composition has dried on surfaces. The differential adhesion effect is defined as being high enough adhesion to a non-glass material to be a relatively-permanent coating thereon and a low enough adhesion to a glass-like or glass surface to be removed therefrorri. --By a first variant of this fourth broad aspect of the present invention, the method includes the step of selecting glycerol as the hygroscopic agent.
By a second variant of this fourth broad aspect of the present invention, and/or the above first variant thereof, the ordinary latex paint formulation includes a resin, and the method additionally includes the step of using the glycerol in a proportion which is at least 10% by weight of the resin within the paint.
A fifth broad aspect of the present invention provides a method for painting a non-glass material which resides adjacent to, and abuts a glass-like or a glass surface without ultimately painting the glass-like or glass surface. The method includes the step of applying a differential adhesion liquid coating composition to a non-glass material which is proximate to, and abuts, the g lass-like or glass material and at least to a portion of the glass-like or glass surface abutting the non-glass material, the coating composition having relatively low adhesion to glass surfaces and relatively high adhesion to non-glass material when dried. The method includes allowing the differential adhesion coating composition to dry.
The method includes painting at least the non-glass material, including portions having the dried differential adhesion coating composition thereon. The method includes lifting and removing the dried differential adhesion coating composition only away from the glass surface.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
In the accompanying drawings, FIGURE 1 shows a front view of a window with trim;
FIGURE 2 shows the window of FIGURE 1 after a differential adhesive composition (DAC) coating of an embodiment of an aspect of the present invention has been applied according to another embodiment of an aspect of the present invention;
FIGURE 3 shows the window after the trim and underlying DAC coating of an embodiment of an aspect of the present invention have been painted according to another embodiment of an aspect of the present invention;
.. ~ . ~ ., i .i FIGURE 4 illustrates the use of a scribe or razor blade to mark a tear line for use in lifting the DAC coating of an embodiment of an aspect of the present invention off the glass according to another embodiment of an aspect of the present invention; and FIGURE 5 shows the painted trim clean glass, and removal of the last continuous strip of the DAC coating of an embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, according to another embodiment of an aspect of the present invention.
AT LEAST ONE MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Following is a first example of the coating composition of an embodiment of an aspect of the present invention exhibiting differential adhesion properties:
Example 1 Materials Parts by weight Acrylic Emulsion (Rohm & Haas ML-200TM).......................................................................77 .1 Defoamer (Ross FOAMBLASTTM
384e)..........................................................................
....._D_1 Preservative (BUSANTM
102..4)........................................................................
.......................Ø1 Stabilizer and wet-edge agent (propylene glycol)........................................................................
........2_8 (glycerol).....................................................................
.....................Ø8 Coalescent (Tennessee Eastman TEXANOLT"'.)..................................................2.2 Cellulose Thickener (Hercules HBRTM 1.5 % ). . . .. .. . .. .. . . .. .. . . .
. . . . .. . . .. .. .. . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . . 16.1 Associate Thickener (Rohm & Haas ACRYSOL RM-825T"" 25 % ). .. . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . .
.. . .. ....... ........... 0.8 Following are further examples of the differential adhesive composition (DAC) coating according to an embodiment of aspect of the present invention:
Example 2 Materials Parts by weight Acrylic Emulsion (Rohm & Haas AC707TM)......................................................................1 07.1 Associate Thickener (Rohm & Haas RM1020"~)...................................................................3.5 I
Preservative (Cosan Chemical 234TM
)..............................................................................
.....Ø4 Coalescent (Tennessee Eastman TEXANOLTM)....................................................3.4 UV Absorber (Ciba-Geigy TINUVINTM
1130).......:..:.'...................................:...:_T:0 Stabilizer (propylene glycol).:......................................................................
...3.0 Antifoam (Dow Corning H-lOTM)....................................................................Ø3 Associate Thickener (Rohm & Haas TT165TM)......................................................................
1.0 Water..........................................................................
..........................................................._10.0 Example 3 Materials Parts by weight Acrylic emulsion/resin emulsion (Rohm & Haas AC707Tn''/AC235T"'' 1:1.vut_).............................................428.0 Associate Thickener (Union Carbide SCT 270TH' 10%
)......................................... 7.0 Preservative (Cosan Chemical 234TM )...........................
......................................................1.6 Coalescent (Tennessee Eastman TEXANOLTM) . . . . .. . ... . .. . . . . . . . .
. .. .. .. . . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . . . .. . . .7.1 UV Absorber (Ciba-Geigy TINUVINTM 1130) ............................................:.......2.9 pH Adjustment (NHOH).........................................................................
....10.0 Stabilizer (propylene glycol) .........................................................................4.0 Stabilizer (ethylene glycol) .........................................................................4.0 Defoamer (Daniel Products DF8815T"') .. . . . . .. . .. .. .. . .. . . . ... .
.. . . . ... . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. .. . .1.0 Associate Thickener (Rohm & Haas RM1020TM)............................................... 14.0 Example 4 Materials Parts by weight Acrylic Emulsion (Rohm & Haas AC235TM)....................................................................:.1 07.0 Associate Thickener (Rohm & Haas RM1O2OTM)..............................................~...~~~..~~~...~.~~~~
1.0 Associate Thickener (Rohm & Haas RM825TM)....................................................................2.0 Preservative (Cosan Chemical 234TM
)..............................................................................
.....Ø4 Coalescent (Tennessee Eastman TEXANOLTM.).................................................................._.
2.4 TM
UV Absorber (Ciba-Geigy TINUVIN
1130).......................................................................1.0 i, !' CA 02088063 2002-11-25 Ph Adj ustment (NH OH) ...............................................................................
..........................4.0 Stabilizer (propylene glycol)........................................................................
.......................... 3.5 In each of the above-listed examples, the composition of the coating according to an embodiment of an aspect of the invention is the environmentally acceptable. A
less expensive version of the formulation can be created by increasing the amount of water in the formulation. In that case, more thickener may be needed. This inexpensive formulation will take more time to dry. Also, a less expensive resin may be used.
Some of the resin families that may be used with the composition of an embodiment of an aspect of the present invention include: acrylic resins; polyvinyl acetates; and alkyd resins. Some acrylic emulsion vehicles for the DAC (differential adhesion composition) coating according to an aspect of the present invention are sufficient of themselves to act as differential adhesive coatings exhibiting the properties of having low adhesion to glass and high adhesion to wood, baked enamels and painted surfaces, and certain metals and plastics.
For the purpose of aspects of the present invention, namely to provide a protective coating for window glass during a painting operation performed on the trim adjacent to, and abutting, the glass, the effectiveness of the acrylic emulsion is enhanced by the addition of the above-described materials. For example, the thickener agent improves the strength of the coating. The coalescing agent serves to bind the resin particles or ingredients of the composition of an aspect of the present invention, that is, binds or "glues" the microscopic resin particles together as the coating composition from decay in the container and as a film when applied. The wet-edge agent, namely, the glycol and glycerol component, not only enhances uniform application of the coating composition when it is applied to the work surface but it also helps ease the liftability of the DAC
coating composition of an aspect of the present invention under varying conditions of temperature and humidity. Glycerol and various glycols serve as hygroscopic agents. In one preferred embodiment, about 1 to 4 parts of coalescing agent and about 1 to 4 parts of wet-edge agent are utilized for each 100 parts of resin emulsion.
The capacity of hygroscopic agents to absorb and retain moisture or water is believed to have a significant influence over the differential adhesion effect. It is believed that some I , I . ~ n resin emulsions as supplied by the manufacturer have sufficient differential adhesion characteristics to work as a differential adhesion composition alone. The differential adhesion effect appears to come in part from the retention of higher-than-normal levels of moisture in the coating over relatively long periods. A loss of moisture in the coating results in a reduction in liftability. However, by the use of a very powerful hygroscopic agent, the water can be retained in the DAC coating of an aspect of the present invention even during the most adverse ambient conditions. The same effect may be produced to a lesser extent by using larger quantities of less hygroscopic additives. In a preferred embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, the differential adhesion characteristics of the DAC coating of an aspect of the present invention persist for longer than one day and preferably at least 30 to 60 days after application. This length of time allows for ordinary, and even extraordinary, delays in completing a painting job.
The DAC coating of an aspect of the present invention can be made as shown in Examples 2 and 3 by the use of propylene glycol and/or ethylene glycol. These hygroscopic agents are formulated into ordinary paint for other reasons than achieving the differential adhesion characteristics of an aspect of the present invention and at much higher percentages than in the differential adhesion coating formulations.
Yet, ordinary paint can only be scraped with relative ease during a very short time after application, generally less than 24 hours, depending on the specific formulation of the paint and the ambient temperature, humidity, and other factors. It is believed that this difference between the DAC coating of an aspect of the present invention and ordinary paint may be caused by the pigment in the paint. The pigments may tend to absorb the ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and other hygroscopic agents, reducing their effectiveness.
Regardless, conventional paints are unsuitable as differential adhesion coatings.
The suggested hygroscopic agents are the glycols, glycerol, and CARBITOLTM
solvent, and hygroscopic agents as shown in Table 1. However, any hygroscopic agent is a candidate. Glycerol is the preferred candidate since it absorbs and retains a very high percentage of moisture for an extended period of time, as shown in Table 2.
i Table 1 Hyaroscopic A eats - ----Only a few chemical categories account for the major hygroscopic agents. These are:
(1) Quaternary ammonium compounds, (2) Amine derivatives, (3) Phosphate esters, ( 4 ) Derivatives of polyhydric alcohols, e-g., (a) Sorbitol, and (b) Glycerine, (5) Polyglycol esters of fatty acids, and ( 6 ) Glycols, e.g., (a) Ethylene glycol, (b) Diethylene glycol, (c) Triethylene glycol, (d) Propylene glycol, (e) Dipropylene glycol, and (f) Tripropylene glycol.
fable 2 Hygroscopicity of 99.5%-purity Glycerine ,fit 50% Relative Humiditv Percentage Weig ht Increase Hour ~, 70'F(21'C) ~"'77'F(25'C) The preferred hygroscopic agents used to provide the DAC of aspects of the present invention generally have the following characteristics: 1) water soluble; 2) liquid between temperatures of 30° F (-1° C) and 150°F (66°C); 3) low in vapour pressure; 4) high flash point; 5) low evaporation rate; 6) low toxicity; 7) commercially available at reasonable cost; 8) non-corrosive; and 9) stable at the pH of the coating.
FIGURES 1 to 4 illustrate a method of painting in accordance with an aspect of the present invention. FIGURE 1 illustrates a window 10 having glass panes 12 and window trim or frame 14. FIGURE 1 depicts the state of window IO prior to beginning a painting operation. In other words, glass panes 12 are relatively free of paint and other foreign substances, and frame 14 is in need of painting.
FIGURE 2 shows window 10 after application of a DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention, prepared in accordance with above-discussed teaching of the method of an aspect of the present invention and applied according to another aspect of the present invention. DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention may be brushed, wiped, rolled, or sprayed on the work surfaces to be treated. In the case of brushing, DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention may be applied directly to trim 14 with the excess spilling over onto glass 12 as shown in FIGURE 2. Preferably, this excess is of sufficient width to serve as a paint mask for glass 12 as the trim 14 is being painted.
A second version (not shown) involves applying DAC coating 16 an aspect of the present invention on glass 12 at the juncture between the wood 14 (or other non-glass material) and glass 12, in order to mask or protect glass 12 new window trim 14. In this method, naturally some of DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention will ride up onto widow frame 14 as it is being applied go glass 12, especially if it is being applied quickly, which is desirable, and by an unskilled hand.
A third version (not shown) of applying DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention is preferably utilized when spray painting or other types of wide-spread splatter are anticipated. In the third version, DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention is applied over the entire exposed surface of glass 12.
Because of the differential adhesion properties, DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention will adhere well to window frame 14, the same as ordinary paint will, while at the same time adhering in a dramatically different way to glass 12 by selectively adhering to glass 12. DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention adheres firmly to glass 12, exhibiting at the same time low tensile adhesion, or low resistance to tensile forces, much as a removable sticky label adheres to any surface.
Once DAC coating I6 of an aspect of the present invention is applied and covers a suitably wide strip of glass 12 adjacent window trim 14, and once it sets up or otherwise CA 02088063 2002-11-25 !' _ becomes coatable, normally within three hours after application, the painting operation on trim 14 can begin. FIGURE 3 shows window 10 after a paint 18 or other covering composition is applied according to an aspect of the present invention. As a surface to be4~
painted, DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention readily accepts both alkyd and latex paints. Painting can commence without regard to keeping paint 18 off glass 12, since any paint 18 that may ride over onto glass 12 will ride onto DAC coating 16.
Referring to FIGURES 4 and 5, after painting is complete and paint 18 is dry, DAC
coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention on glass 12 may be lifted off in an essentially continuous strip or sheet, together with any overlay of paint 18 thereon. For the purposes of an aspect of the present invention, lifting is defined as a sheet-like removal either by peeling or by scraping, as opposed to, and distinguished from, chipping, in which the material is removed in flakes or granules. If, after the first step of applying DAC
coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention to glass 12 is initiated, the painting operation is delayed for some reason, the preferred embodiment of DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention may be left on glass 12 for a reasonably long time. Coating 16 may be left on glass 12 for about a month under outdoor conditions and up to four months under indoor conditions before it becomes necessary to paint trim 14 and remove DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention.
It is preferable, but optional, to cut, scratch, or otherwise scribe a line 20 in DAC
coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention along the juncture or edge of trim I4 and glass 12 with a knife 22, razor blade, or the like (see FIGURE 4) prior to lifting the dried DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention away from glass 12.
Scribe Iine 20 insures that DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention may be separated from itself in a controlled manner and at desired locations. If a very sharp object, e.g., a razor blade, is used to form scribe line 20, blade surface is preferably held at about 30 degrees to the plane of glass 12 for best results. In this way, the blade 22 doesn't scratch glass 12 as it might if it were held normal to glass 12. The dried DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention can be lifted off the glass surface by peeling or scraping.
Depending on the coating formulation, the dried DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention may break into many pieces during scraping. By scraping is meant the process of removal using a razor blade in which the coating is easily lifted as opposed to being removed by i i _ substantial force.
Next, dried DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention is simply lifted away from glass 12. Due to the difference in adhesion between dried DAC
coating 16 and glass 12, on one hand, and between dried DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention and trim 14, on the other hand, dried DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention peels or otherwise lifts easily. The mechanism whereby the product of an embodiment of an aspect of the present invention exhibits this selective or differential adhesion is believed to be present in the aspect of the present invention between the dried DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention and the type of surface to which it is applied.
In addition, dried DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention has strong cohesive properties, which means that dried DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention tends to stick to itself. When subjected to the shear stresses that result from peeling, pulling, or scraping, of the dried DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention off glass 12, the cohesive forces of dried DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention are greater than the adhesive forces between dried DAC
coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention and glass 12. Consequently, dried DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention separates from glass 12 while cohesively sticking to itself.
In other words, in the presence of a shear stress in dried DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention tends to separate from glass 12 before it fractures or otherwise separates from itself. Moreover, this strong cohesive property relative to low glass adhesion persists for a couple of months, as discussed above.
On the other hand, once DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention dries or otherwise becomes coatable, it adheres to non-glass materials, e. g. , frame 14, much more strongly than it adheres to glass 12. The forces applied due to cohesive properties of dried DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention are less than forces applied due to the non-glass adhesive property. Thus, dried DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention tends to separate from itself rather than separate from frame 14.
Scribe line 20 guides this separation. On the other hand, scribe line 20 may be omitted. When scribe line 20 is omitted, dried DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention is simply lifted off glass 12 once a corner or tab is created. Trim or frame 14 of .. . . ~....,.I.. , i FI
window 10 then acts acceptably well in many applications as a straight edge for severing dried DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention from its counterpart on trim 14.
After dried DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention has been completely removed from glass 12, the painting job is complete for the purposes of an embodiment of the present invention. Glass 12 is substantially-free of paint. At least a portion of trim 14 may be covered with dried DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention and paint 18.
The above-discussed preferred embodiment of the DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention is a generally-transparent composition. A dye or pigment can be introduced into this DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention in order to give it colour or opacity if such is desirable. However, a clear coating functions as well as a coloured one for the above-discussed glass protection purposes.
In the case of using the DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention with new windows, the manufacturer's logo, directions etc. may advantageously be printed on the DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention once it is applied to the glass. In this way, the coating might bear the glass manufacturer's name or a particular paint company's name, or the name of a manufacturer or service company that might be instrumental in the installation and painting of windows, glass doors and the like. Such temporary indicia as logos, directions, etc. may be applied onto the coating by well known methods, e.g., silk screen, printing, stamping, etc.; or the same indicia could be affixed to a carrier e.g., paper or film and the carrier could then be applied to the DAC
coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention by any suitable method. In some cases, the indicia could be cut away from the coating in areas where there would be no possibility of paint coming in contact with that part of the coating. It is conceivable, too, that the cut-away portions of the DAC coating 16 of an aspect of the present invention conforming to the indicia being represented could be filled in with a paint, or other permanent marking, that would stay on the glass as a logo or name if such glass were used commercially, as in a store window or office window or the like.
An aspect of the present invention further contemplates the use of the DAC
coating of an aspect of the present invention itself as a paint, or painting composition.
For use as a paint, a proper pigmentation is applied to the DAC composition of an aspect of the present _ invention in order to render the DAC coating of an aspect of the present invention a coloured paint composition of whatever colour. In one embodiment, the DAC of an aspect of the present invention paint is formed by adding about 4 % glycerine to ordinary latex paint. Testing has shown that adding about 4 % by total weight of glycerol to an ordinary latex paint, e.g., Benjamin Moore MOORGLOT"', will produce a differential adhesion paint. Preferably, the percentage of glycerol to resin is greater than about 10 % . Since there is approximately 20% resin in MOORGLOT"' paint, the percent of glycerol to resin in the MOORGLOTM paint example is about 20 % .
One example of ordinary latex paint lists the following ingredients:
Resin or binders 234 lbs. 22%
Water 455 lbs. 44 %
Pigment 249 lbs. 24 %
Wet edge agent75 lbs. 7 Coalescent 12 lbs. 1 Other 17 lbs. 2 Depending on the paint and other factors, less glycerol will provide an acceptable product for less long periods of time. Also, adding glycerol to paint creates a differential adhesion coating of an aspect of the present invention that is not as strong cohesively as the unpigmented differential adhesion coating examples presented above. Further, the percentage of glycerol can be raised to make the differential adhesion effect last longer.
Thus, it appears that a very strong and/or long lasting hygroscopic agent is available to create consistent differential adhesion properties. For the purposes of an aspect of the present invention, consistent differential adhesion indicates that the ease with which the coating may be removed remains relatively stable over a relatively long period of time.
The current use of about 16 % propylene glycol and ethylene glycol in paints alone fails to produce an acceptable differential adhesion effect. Generally, the time between applying a first coat of paint and completion of drying of a second or third coat exceeds the duration during which the first coat of paint is liftable from the glass. In other words, a first coat of conventional paint cannot be easily scraped from glass if it is sufficiently dry to support a second coat of paint. Consequently, when multiple coats of conventional paint are applied, the paint cannot be scraped off glass unless each coat of paint is separately removed before applying the next coat, a time consuming and costly job.
However, the DAC paint of an aspect of the present invention formed as - -'--discussed above is liftable for 30 days or more. The DAC paint is used directly as a paint on window frames and trim materials or on any materials that border and abut a glass or glass-like surface (e.g., a glazed ceramic or polished or plated metal). When DAC paint is being applied, the above-discussed step of first applying the DAC of an aspect of the present invention coating as a glass-protecting coating is unnecessary.
Rather, the DAC
paint is applied directly as a paint on window frames and the like without regard for getting the DAC paint of an aspect of the present invention on the glass. Once the DAC
paint of an aspect of the present invention sets up on the glass, further coats of paint can be added.
After the painting job is complete, the portions of the dried DAC coating on the glass would be removed from the glass as previously described.
The pigmented DAC paint coating, described above, may also be used as a primer or first coat. Hence, another kind of finishing paint that is perhaps more suitable to the needs of the user at the time may be used over the DAC paint of an aspect of the present invention. Once the primer DAC paint of an aspect of the present invention is applied, according to the steps above described according to an embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, further coats of a different paint (perhaps a different colour) can be applied over the primer on the non-glass surface to be treated. The adjacent glass, then, would be protected because of the initial coat of DAC paint primer of an aspect of the present invention thereon, which ultimately would be lifted off the glass together with the subsequent coats of paint thereon.
In summary, according to aspects of the present invention, a coating composition is provided having differential adhesion properties when applied in a single operation to trim material which is to be painted without regard to covering adjacent and abutting window glass. The DAC (differential adhesion composition) coating of an aspect of the present invention is characterized by high adhesion to wood, painted surfaces and certain metals and plastics and at the same time by a low or selective adhesion to glass and glass-like surfaces, so that the dried DAC coating of an aspect of the present invention may be lifted off from the glass once the coating sets up or otherwise becomes coatable (about I, ; I : . hi three hours after application) together with any paint overlay' thereon after a subsequent painting operation of the window frame is completed. As a surface to be treated with paint, the coating will adhere to other paints, for example, alkyd and latex paints.
In order to remove the dried DAC coating of an aspect of the present invention, it is only necessary to lift an edge of the coating from the glass, as by a razor blade or other suitable tool, to provide a gripping area so that the coating can be removed from the glass in a continuous manner, similar to removing a stick-on label. The particular adhesive quality on glass and glass-like surfaces of the dried DAC coating of an aspect of the present invention is characterized by a low resistance to tensile forces, so that the dried DAC
coating of an aspect of the present invention sticks to the glass surface once it is applied (either by brush, roller or spraying) but can be easily lifted away from that surface after curing or setting-up.
The dried DAC coating of an aspect of the present invention is extremely cohesive, causing it to remain in a continuous strip or sheet rather than fracturing when subjected to sheer forces inherent in pulling or lifting the coating off the glass. The dried DAC
coating of an aspect of the present invention can be left on the glass surface for a reasonably long time, about 1 to 2 months under outdoor conditions and up to about four months under indoor conditions, before it becomes necessary to paint the trim.
The present invention in its various aspects may be exploited by makers of coating compositions, masking products, paints, primers, and the like. The method of an aspect of the present invention can be exploited by painting contractors, homeowners, hobbyists, or anyone needing to paint non-glass materials which are adjacent to, and abutting, glass-like surfaces rapidly and inexpensively. The method for adding indicia to a glass-like surface could be exploited by makers of glass or paint or by any other business or individual with an interest in temporarily displaying advertising or instructions on glass.
Claims (24)
1. A method for temporarily masking a glass-like or glass surface which is adjacent to, and abutting, a non-glass material for relatively-permanently coating said non-glass material with a differential adhesion coating composition while temporarily coating said glass-like or glass surface with said differential adhesion coating composition, said method comprising:
applying said differential adhesion coating composition including a hygroscopic agent to said non-glass material and to an area of sufficient width on said glass-like or glass surface to serve as a mask over said glass-like or glass structure adjacent to, and abutting, said non-glass material, said differential adhesion coating composition having a relatively-high adhesion to said non-glass material and a relatively-low adhesion to said glass-like or glass surface when dried;
allowing said differential adhesion coating composition to dry; and lifting said dried differential adhesion coating composition only from said glass-like or glass surface.
applying said differential adhesion coating composition including a hygroscopic agent to said non-glass material and to an area of sufficient width on said glass-like or glass surface to serve as a mask over said glass-like or glass structure adjacent to, and abutting, said non-glass material, said differential adhesion coating composition having a relatively-high adhesion to said non-glass material and a relatively-low adhesion to said glass-like or glass surface when dried;
allowing said differential adhesion coating composition to dry; and lifting said dried differential adhesion coating composition only from said glass-like or glass surface.
2. A method for painting a non-glass material which resides adjacent to, and abutting, a glass-like or glass surface, said method comprising the steps of:
applying a differential adhesion liquid coating composition to the surface of said non-glass material proximate to, and abutting, said glass-like or glass surface and at least to a portion of said glass-like or glass surface of sufficient width to serve as a mask over said glass-like or glass surface, said differential adhesion coating composition, when dried, having a high enough adhesion to said non-glass material to be a relatively-permanent coating thereon and a low enough adhesion to said glass-like or glass surface to be removable therefrom;
allowing said differential adhesion liquid coating composition to dry to produce a dried differential adhesion coating composition;
painting at least said non-glass material, including portions of said glass-like or glass surface having said dried differential adhesion coating composition thereon; and lifting and removing only said dried differential adhesion coating composition away from said glass-like or glass surface.
applying a differential adhesion liquid coating composition to the surface of said non-glass material proximate to, and abutting, said glass-like or glass surface and at least to a portion of said glass-like or glass surface of sufficient width to serve as a mask over said glass-like or glass surface, said differential adhesion coating composition, when dried, having a high enough adhesion to said non-glass material to be a relatively-permanent coating thereon and a low enough adhesion to said glass-like or glass surface to be removable therefrom;
allowing said differential adhesion liquid coating composition to dry to produce a dried differential adhesion coating composition;
painting at least said non-glass material, including portions of said glass-like or glass surface having said dried differential adhesion coating composition thereon; and lifting and removing only said dried differential adhesion coating composition away from said glass-like or glass surface.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, comprising:
providing an edge between said non-glass material and said glass-like or glass surface; and carrying out said lifting step by the step of separating said dried differential adhesion coating composition from itself along said edge so that said dried differential adhesion coating composition remains applied to said non-glass material.
providing an edge between said non-glass material and said glass-like or glass surface; and carrying out said lifting step by the step of separating said dried differential adhesion coating composition from itself along said edge so that said dried differential adhesion coating composition remains applied to said non-glass material.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, comprising:
providing an edge between said non-glass material and said glass-like or glass surface; and cutting a line on said dried differential adhesion coating composition proximate said edge prior to said lifting step, thereby to guide the separation of said dried differential adhesion coating composition from itself along said line so that said dried differential adhesion coating composition remains applied to said non-glass material.
providing an edge between said non-glass material and said glass-like or glass surface; and cutting a line on said dried differential adhesion coating composition proximate said edge prior to said lifting step, thereby to guide the separation of said dried differential adhesion coating composition from itself along said line so that said dried differential adhesion coating composition remains applied to said non-glass material.
5. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, additionally comprising the step of waiting at least one day between said allowing step and said lifting step.
6. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said lifting step is carried out at any time up to one month after said allowing step.
7. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein:
said lifting step is accomplished by scraping said dried differential adhesion coating composition off of said glass-like or glass surface.
said lifting step is accomplished by scraping said dried differential adhesion coating composition off of said glass-like or glass surface.
8. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, which comprises:
carrying out said lifting step by exerting a tensile stress on said dried differential adhesion coating composition; and previously having formulated said differential adhesion coating composition so that, after said allowing step, cohesive forces of said dried differential adhesion coating composition that resist said tensile stress are greater than adhesive forces between said dried differential adhesion coating composition and said glass-like or glass surface.
carrying out said lifting step by exerting a tensile stress on said dried differential adhesion coating composition; and previously having formulated said differential adhesion coating composition so that, after said allowing step, cohesive forces of said dried differential adhesion coating composition that resist said tensile stress are greater than adhesive forces between said dried differential adhesion coating composition and said glass-like or glass surface.
9. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, which comprises:
carrying out said lifting step by exerting a tensile stress on said dried differential adhesion coating composition; and previously having formulated said differential adhesion coating composition so that, after said allowing step, cohesive forces of said dried differential adhesion coating composition that resist said tensile stress are less than adhesive forces between said dried differential adhesion coating composition and said glass-like or glass surface.
carrying out said lifting step by exerting a tensile stress on said dried differential adhesion coating composition; and previously having formulated said differential adhesion coating composition so that, after said allowing step, cohesive forces of said dried differential adhesion coating composition that resist said tensile stress are less than adhesive forces between said dried differential adhesion coating composition and said glass-like or glass surface.
10. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, which comprises:
carrying out said lifting step by exerting a shear stress on said differential adhesion coating composition; and previously having formulated said differential adhesion coating composition so that, after said differential adhesion coating composition dries, cohesive forces of said coating composition that resist shear stress are greater than adhesive forces between said coating composition and said glass-like or glass surface.
carrying out said lifting step by exerting a shear stress on said differential adhesion coating composition; and previously having formulated said differential adhesion coating composition so that, after said differential adhesion coating composition dries, cohesive forces of said coating composition that resist shear stress are greater than adhesive forces between said coating composition and said glass-like or glass surface.
11. The method as claimed in any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein said step of formulating said differential adhesion coating composition comprises formulating said differential adhesion coating composition to include a resin emulsion.
12. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein said painting step comprises the step of applying a paint so that said paint overlies said dried differential adhesion coating composition on said glass-like or glass surface and on said non-glass material.
13. A differential adhesion coating composition for use in applying a temporary mask to a glass-like or glass surface which resides adjacent to, and abutting, a non-glass material, said differential adhesion coating composition comprising:
a resin emulsion; and a wet edge agent;
said differential adhesion coating composition having been formulated to have a relatively-high adhesion to said non-glass material and a relatively-low adhesion to said glass-like or glass surface, when dried;
whereby, when dried, said differential adhesion coating composition is liftable away from only said glass-like or glass surface.
a resin emulsion; and a wet edge agent;
said differential adhesion coating composition having been formulated to have a relatively-high adhesion to said non-glass material and a relatively-low adhesion to said glass-like or glass surface, when dried;
whereby, when dried, said differential adhesion coating composition is liftable away from only said glass-like or glass surface.
14. The differential adhesion coating composition as claimed in claim 13, wherein proportions of said resin emulsion and wet-edge agent are so selected that, after drying, cohesive forces of said dried differential adhesion coating composition that resist tensile stress are greater than adhesive forces between said dried differential adhesion coating composition and said glass-like or glass surface.
15. The differential adhesion composition as claimed in claim 13, wherein proportions of said resin emulsion and wet-edge agent are so selected that, after drying, cohesive forces of said dried differential adhesion coating composition that resist tensile stress are less than adhesive forces between said dried differential adhesion coating composition and said glass-like or glass surface.
16. The differential adhesion coating composition as claimed in claim 13, wherein proportions of said resin emulsion and said wet-edge agent are so selected that cohesive forces of said dried differential adhesion coating composition that resist shear stress are greater than adhesive forces between said coating composition and said glass-like or glass surface.
17. The differential adhesion coating composition as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 16, wherein proportions of said resin emulsion and said wet-edge agent are so selected that the relative strengths of cohesive and adhesive forces are maintained for at least one day after said differential adhesion composition dries.
18. The differential adhesion coating composition as claimed in claim 17, wherein proportions of said resin emulsion and said wet-edge agent are so selected that the relative strengths of cohesive and adhesive forces are maintained for at least one month after said differential adhesion composition dries.
19. The differential adhesion coating composition as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 18, wherein, for a given weight of said resin emulsion, said wet-edge agent is present in a quantity of 1% to 4% of said given weight.
20. The differential adhesion coating composition as claimed in claim 19, wherein:
said resin emulsion is an acrylic resin;
said wet-edge agent includes a glycerol; and said composition additionally comprises a defoaming agent and a preservative agent.
said resin emulsion is an acrylic resin;
said wet-edge agent includes a glycerol; and said composition additionally comprises a defoaming agent and a preservative agent.
21. A method of making a differential adhesion coating composition, the method comprising steps of:
adding, to an ordinary latex paint formulation, a compatible, water-soluble, hygroscopic agent which remains in the paint in sufficient quantity consistently to produce a differential adhesion effect for at least 30 days after said composition has dried on surfaces;
said differential adhesion effect being defined as being high enough adhesion to a non-glass material to be a relatively-permanent coating thereon and a low enough adhesion to a glass-like or glass surface to be removed therefrom.
adding, to an ordinary latex paint formulation, a compatible, water-soluble, hygroscopic agent which remains in the paint in sufficient quantity consistently to produce a differential adhesion effect for at least 30 days after said composition has dried on surfaces;
said differential adhesion effect being defined as being high enough adhesion to a non-glass material to be a relatively-permanent coating thereon and a low enough adhesion to a glass-like or glass surface to be removed therefrom.
22. The method as claimed in claim 21, additionally comprising the step of selecting glycerol as said hygroscopic agent.
23. The method as claimed in claim 22, wherein said ordinary latex paint formulation includes a resin, and said method additionally comprises the step of using said glycerol in a proportion which is at least 10% by weight of said resin within said paint.
24. A method for painting a non-glass material which resides adjacent to, and abutting, a glass-like or glass surface without painting the glass-like or glass surface, comprising the steps of:
applying a differential adhesion liquid coating composition to the non-glass material and to at least a portion of said glass-like or glass surface, said coating composition having relatively low adhesion to said glass-like or glass surface and relatively high adhesion to the non-glass material when dried;
allowing the differential adhesion coating composition to dry;
painting at least said non-glass material, including portions of said glass-like or glass surface having said dried differential adhesion coating composition thereon; and lifting and removing only said dried differential adhesion coating composition away from said glass-like or glass surface.
applying a differential adhesion liquid coating composition to the non-glass material and to at least a portion of said glass-like or glass surface, said coating composition having relatively low adhesion to said glass-like or glass surface and relatively high adhesion to the non-glass material when dried;
allowing the differential adhesion coating composition to dry;
painting at least said non-glass material, including portions of said glass-like or glass surface having said dried differential adhesion coating composition thereon; and lifting and removing only said dried differential adhesion coating composition away from said glass-like or glass surface.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US55710490A | 1990-07-25 | 1990-07-25 | |
| US557,104 | 1990-07-25 | ||
| PCT/US1991/005201 WO1992002307A1 (en) | 1990-07-25 | 1991-07-23 | Coating composition and methods of use |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2088063A1 CA2088063A1 (en) | 1992-01-26 |
| CA2088063C true CA2088063C (en) | 2007-04-10 |
Family
ID=38007071
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002088063A Expired - Fee Related CA2088063C (en) | 1990-07-25 | 1991-07-23 | Coating composition and methods of use |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2088063C (en) |
-
1991
- 1991-07-23 CA CA002088063A patent/CA2088063C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2088063A1 (en) | 1992-01-26 |
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