CA2083123A1 - High quality electrical power distribution system - Google Patents
High quality electrical power distribution systemInfo
- Publication number
- CA2083123A1 CA2083123A1 CA002083123A CA2083123A CA2083123A1 CA 2083123 A1 CA2083123 A1 CA 2083123A1 CA 002083123 A CA002083123 A CA 002083123A CA 2083123 A CA2083123 A CA 2083123A CA 2083123 A1 CA2083123 A1 CA 2083123A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- network
- distribution network
- terminal
- module
- terminal modules
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
- H02J1/14—Balancing the load in a network
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00002—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by monitoring
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00032—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
- H02J13/00034—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving an electric power substation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J5/00—Circuit arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks and dc networks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/30—State monitoring, e.g. fault, temperature monitoring, insulator monitoring, corona discharge
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
- Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)
- Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
- Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
- Stand-By Power Supply Arrangements (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
- Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
HIGH QUALITY ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
The system comprises a central module (1) supplying a distribution network, for example formed by a bus (2, 3), with permanent DC power. Terminal modules (4, 5, 6), located near the loads, convert the DC power distributed by the distribution network into DC or AC electrical power adapted to the requirements of each load. A communication bus (12) enables data communication between the various modules.
(Fig. 1)
HIGH QUALITY ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
The system comprises a central module (1) supplying a distribution network, for example formed by a bus (2, 3), with permanent DC power. Terminal modules (4, 5, 6), located near the loads, convert the DC power distributed by the distribution network into DC or AC electrical power adapted to the requirements of each load. A communication bus (12) enables data communication between the various modules.
(Fig. 1)
Description
HIGH QUALITY EIECTRIC~L POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a system for distribution of high quality electrical power -to a plurality of loads from an AC
electrical power distribution network.
An increasingly large number o~ equipment items, for example in the computer and electronic fields, require a high quality electrical power supply, i.e. essentially a power supply that is always available, well-suited to the equipment and insensitive to disturbances.
The availability problem is at present generally solved by means of an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) connected between the AC mains (50 Hz or 60 H2) and the equipment involved~ Power is distributed to the equipment by the UPS in the form of alternating current of preset frequency and amplitude, generally of the same order as those of the initial power network. The UPS
comprises a battery, normally charged by the network, which takes over in the event of network outages for a limited time, about half an hour for example. In the event of network outages of long duration, an electrical generating set or a second power network can, in back-up configuration, be connected to the input of the UPS instead of the network which has become unavailable.
To avoid the costly and cumbersome use of one UPS per item of equipment, a single UPS of suitable power is often provided, associated with a plurality of equipment, or loads, connected in parallel to the output of the VPS. If the power supplied is available, its quality is not always sufficient. Indeed, in this configuration some loads can create disturbances affecting the loads connected in parallel. These reciprocal disturbances can be limited by the use, line-side of each of the equipment items,
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a system for distribution of high quality electrical power -to a plurality of loads from an AC
electrical power distribution network.
An increasingly large number o~ equipment items, for example in the computer and electronic fields, require a high quality electrical power supply, i.e. essentially a power supply that is always available, well-suited to the equipment and insensitive to disturbances.
The availability problem is at present generally solved by means of an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) connected between the AC mains (50 Hz or 60 H2) and the equipment involved~ Power is distributed to the equipment by the UPS in the form of alternating current of preset frequency and amplitude, generally of the same order as those of the initial power network. The UPS
comprises a battery, normally charged by the network, which takes over in the event of network outages for a limited time, about half an hour for example. In the event of network outages of long duration, an electrical generating set or a second power network can, in back-up configuration, be connected to the input of the UPS instead of the network which has become unavailable.
To avoid the costly and cumbersome use of one UPS per item of equipment, a single UPS of suitable power is often provided, associated with a plurality of equipment, or loads, connected in parallel to the output of the VPS. If the power supplied is available, its quality is not always sufficient. Indeed, in this configuration some loads can create disturbances affecting the loads connected in parallel. These reciprocal disturbances can be limited by the use, line-side of each of the equipment items,
2 2~3~ 3 of harmonic filters and/or isolatin~ transformers, which again makes the installation costly and complex.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object o~ the invention is to achieve a high quality electrical power distribution system which does not present these drawbacks.
This object is achieved by the fact that the power distribution system according to the invention comprises a central module converting the alternating current of the AC network into direct current and comprising at least one autonomous back-up DC power source so as to constitute a permanent DC power source, a DC
distribution network connected to the central module, a plurality of terminal modules connected to the DC distribution network, located near the loads to which they are connected and converting the DC current from the DC distribution network into AC or DC current suitable for sald loads, and communication means for communicating data representative of the state of the system at least between each terminal module and the central module.
This system is particularly well suited to distribution of high quality electrical power in an office block or on an industrial or tertiary site. The system comprises a central mo~ule for the block or site, and the DC distribution network, which is for example formed by a bus, makes this power available to each load. One or more terminal modules, of lower power than the central module and therefore of small dimensions, can be provided in each office, each terminal module being suited to the particular requirements of the load, notably in terms of frequency (AC : 50Hz, 60Hz or other; DC) and amplitude (220V or other). A terminal module can be designed for supply of one or more sensitive equipment items. The terminal modules ensure ,. . .
.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object o~ the invention is to achieve a high quality electrical power distribution system which does not present these drawbacks.
This object is achieved by the fact that the power distribution system according to the invention comprises a central module converting the alternating current of the AC network into direct current and comprising at least one autonomous back-up DC power source so as to constitute a permanent DC power source, a DC
distribution network connected to the central module, a plurality of terminal modules connected to the DC distribution network, located near the loads to which they are connected and converting the DC current from the DC distribution network into AC or DC current suitable for sald loads, and communication means for communicating data representative of the state of the system at least between each terminal module and the central module.
This system is particularly well suited to distribution of high quality electrical power in an office block or on an industrial or tertiary site. The system comprises a central mo~ule for the block or site, and the DC distribution network, which is for example formed by a bus, makes this power available to each load. One or more terminal modules, of lower power than the central module and therefore of small dimensions, can be provided in each office, each terminal module being suited to the particular requirements of the load, notably in terms of frequency (AC : 50Hz, 60Hz or other; DC) and amplitude (220V or other). A terminal module can be designed for supply of one or more sensitive equipment items. The terminal modules ensure ,. . .
.
3 ~ 23 totai functional isolation between the loads connected to different terminal modules and guarantee, under normal operating conditions, the quality of the voltage supplied to the load. In practice, each office of a block will be supplied on the one hand by the conventional AC network and on the other hand by the high quality DC network. Such a system has the advantage of being evolutive, the number and type of terminal modules connected to the DC distribution bus being easily able to be modified according to requirements.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Other advantages and features will become more clearly apparent from the following description of illustrative embodiments of the invention, given as non-restrictive examples only and represented in the accompanying drawings in which :
Figure 1 illustrates in very schematic manner a system according to the invention.
Figure 2 represents a particular embodiment of the central module of the system according to figure 1.
Figures 3 and 4 represent two particular embodiments of terminal modules of the system according to figure 1.
Figure 5 represents a connection box for connection of a terminal module to the distribution bus.
Figure 6 illustrates a redundant distribution system.
Figure 7 represents a redundant central module.
Figure 8 illustrates schematically another particular embodim~nt of the system.
~3~3 DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The distribution system illustrated in figure 1 comprises a central module 1 supplying a DC power distribution network. The structure of the DC power distribution network is adapted to suit the layout of the site to be equipped so as to distribute direct current to all the user points, for example to the offices of an office block or to the buildings on an industrial estate. High performances are not required from the DC powex distribution network since it does not participate directly in achieving final quality. For the sake of examples, the structure of the DC power distribution network can be a star, loop, or rake-connected structure, etc...
In the particular embodiment represented in the figures, it is formed by a DC distribution bus schematically represented by two conductors, respectively positive (2) and negative t3). Terminal modules, three (~, 5, 6) of which are represented in figure 1, are connected to the distribution bus.
The central module 1 i5 supplied with electrical power from an AC distribution network 7. An emergency back-up source, for example an electrical generating set 8, can be connected via a switch 9 to the input o~ the central module in case of extended outage of the network 7.
., The central module 1 essentially comprises an AC-DC converter 10 and an autonomous DC power source, in the form of a battery 11, parallel connected to the output of the converter 10. It thus constitutes a permanent DC power source, which is always available. The battery back up time is adapted to suit the conditions of use of the system. This back up time is typically variable between about 1 and 1~0 minutes, the electrical generating set 8 taking over in case of extended outage of the network 7.
. ~``
2~ 23 Near to each user point, the power, in the form of permanently available dlrect current, is transformed locally, individually, into high quality electrical power. This is accomplislled by means of terminal modules, constituted by DC-DC or DC-AC
converters, of suitable power. The function of the terminal modules is on the one hand to generate the high quality voltage suitable for the associated load in terms of amplitude, frequency and distortion ratio notably, and on the other hand to provide functional isolation of the loads from one another.
Conversion of power from a DC network automatically ensures functional isolation between the loads connected load-side of the different converters. The disturbances, harmonics, short-circuits, etc., created by a load are in fact not transmitted line-side to the DC distribution network and can therefore not be transmitted by the DC network to the other loads. The converter moreover guarantees the quality of the power it supplies on the load side even in the presence of disturbances line-side on the DC network.
In the particular embodiment represented in figure 1, the terminal module 4 is a DC-DC converter supplying ~he associated load with DC electrical power, which can be regulated to have a preset amplitude. The terminal modules 5 and 6 are DC-AC
converters supplying respectively single- and three-phase AC
voltages of preset frequency and amplitude.
According to their power and the layout of the building, the terminal modules are installed either in a box or directly in current sockets. A terminal module housed in a connection box can, via a high quality local distribution network, supply a certain number of equipment items located nearby. To prevent downgrading of the quality of the power supplied to the load, this local network must be limited in length, number of feeders and number of protective devices.
6 ~ ,3 Low power terminal modules, for example with a power less than 500VA, can be built into sockets and be fed from a branch distribution bus, connected to the distribution bus by a connection box and concealed in the skirtin~ boards, raised floors or partitions of the premises to be supplied. In some cases, a terminal module can be built directly into a device to be fed.
In all cases, special sockets incompatible with ordinary soc~ets will have to be fitted to prevent inadvertent supply of non sensitive loads by the high quality distribution system.
In a preferred embodiment, the DC voltage applied to the distribution bus by the central module 1 is a non regulated DC
voltage greater than twice the maximum AC voltage that has to be available at output from a terminal module. In the case where this maximum AC voltage is 220V, i.e. of the same order as the voltage normally supplied by the AC distribution network, the DC
voltage applied to the bus is +/- 350V between the conductors 2 and 3. If the DC voltage is lower, bulky and costly auto-transformers have to be used in the DC-AC converters of the terminal modules 4, 5. If on the other hand the DC voltage is of sufficient amplitude, the terminal modules can comprise converters without a transformer.
In figure 1, a communication bus, represented sche~atically by 12, connects the central module 1 to each of the terminal modules 4, 5 and 6. The bus 12 can be formed by any state-of-the-art bidirectional communication bus, for example by field buses marketed under the brand-names BATIBUS and J-BUS. It is thus possible to transfer all the necessary data between modules. A connection 13 enables data to be transferred between the central module 1 and a monitoring device 14, external to the system. The monitoring device 14 can, as an alternative, be connected to the communication bus 12 without passing via the . ~
central module, possibly by means of an interface between the communication bus 12 internal to the system and an external communlcation bus which can be more elaborate. Connections 15, for example constituted by serial communication buses, enable data to be transmitted between each of the terminal modules and the associated loads. A connection 15 can, for example, be connected to a local network server. The terminal modules are in addition e~uipped with various communication means such as indicator lights, contacts, etc.
The communication means thus defined enable communication internal to the system, necessary to coordinate all the components making up the system, to be achieved. This internal communication is preferably completed on the one hand by a communication designed for the load, in audiovisual form (lamps, audio alarms, etc.) and/or electrical form (contacts, serial connections), and on the other hand by a communication designed for the system operator, either local or remote.
The communication bus can be made up of several buses for a large system or be replaced by any other communication means, for example by the use of the carrier current technique, the data to be transmitted then being superposed on the DC current in the distribution bus 2,3.
The monitoring device 1~ can comprise a desk loca~ed near the central module, to enable notably routine or checking operations to be carried out. It can also comprise monitoring devices remotely located, notably on the premises of the system operator to inform the latter in case of a problem arising in the system.
Communication between the central module, local desk and remote monitoring devices can be achieved by any means, for example by means of a bus as represented in figure 1, or by telephonet radio, minitel, etc.
:: . ~ . . . . . .
Figure 2 illustrates in greater detail a particular embodiment of the central module 1. The AC network connected to the module input is a three-phase network Ll, L2, L3, with neutral N. The AC-DC converter 10 is connected to the AC network by means of a switch or circult breaker 16 able to be operated manually or automatically by a control circuit 17 of the central module. The control circuit 17 receives on input signals Vl -to V4 representative of the voltages applied to the module input (at Ll, L2, L3 and N) and applies to control terminals Al to A8 of the converter 10 appropriate control signals to supply the required DC voltages to the distribution bus. The distribution bus comprises a positive conductor 2, a negative conductor 3, and a neutral conductor N connected directly to the neutral of the line-side three-phase network. The converter 10 is designed in such a way as to supply on the conductors 2 and 3 a +/- 350V
voltage symmetrical with respect to the neutral N. This symmetry enables the complexity of the terminal modules to be reduced.
The converter can be controlled by the control circuit 17 50 as to maintain a sine wave current in the line-side AC network. For this purpose, the circuit 17 is Gonnected to current sensors (not represented) measuring the current in the line-side AC
network conductors and compensating any disturbances of the sine wave shape that may occur.
The battery 11 is connected to the distribution bus 2, 3, N by means of a charger-regulator circuit 18 whose control terminals Bl-B2 receive control signals from the control circuit 17. In the absence of a network failure, the batt~ry 11 charges if necessary. The control circuit 17 monitors the battery charge taking account of the voltage at the battery terminals (input Vb of circuit 17) and of the battery charging current (input Ib of circuit 17), so as to limit this current during charging. In the embodiment represented in figure 2, the battery is charged from the DC voltage, but it is naturally possible to perform charging "
,; . :
, :
.
9 21: ~33~ ~3 directly from the AC network using two independent rectifiers, one for charging the battery and the other for supply of the DC
network.
The req~ired power is therefore tapped from the public AC
network, or from another autonomous source 8, by a rectifier, preferably with sine wave tapping in order not to disturb the line-side AC network. This power is partly used locally, in the central module 1, to maintain the battery 11 on charge. Most of this power is supplied to the DC distribution network in the form of DC current made available continuously by the battery.
When a failure o the AC network is detected by the control circuit 17 from the signals applied to its inputs Vl-V4, it causes stopping of the control signals applied to the terminals Al to A6 of the converter lO. The battery ll then supplies the distribution bus via the charger-regulator 18, under the control of the circuit 17, according to the central module output voltages ~inputs V4, VS, V6 of circuit 17). The control signals of terminals A7 and A8 are maintained to continue having a neutral voltage available.
The control circuit 17 also generates data representative of the state of the AC network (comparison of the AC network voltages with progra~mable thresholds), electrical generating set, and central module, and more particularly of oper~tion on an autonomous power source. It notably monitors the battery back-up time from the measurements of Ib, Vb and of the battery temperature, which is supplied to it by a temperature sensor on an input Tb. It generates an end of back-up time pre-alarm signal designed to inform the loads that the autonomous back-up power reserve of the system will soon come to an end. It can also monitor the correct operating state of the charger-regulator, the battery room temperature, and the degree of ageing of the battery. It can also perform anti-intrusion . : .. ::
detection in the technical room where it is located. This data can be transmitted to the terminal modules by the communication bus 12 and to a monitoring device 1~ via the connection 13, the control circu~t 17 being provided with the necessax~
communication interfaces.
In addition, the control circuit 17 receives data from the terminal modules via the communication bus 12 and from the monitoring device 14 via the connection 13 and can process and transmit this data. For example, it can receive a forced switch to battery order, enabling the system to be tested, an anti-intrusion alarm activation order, etc.
A three-phase DC-AC terminal module is represented in greater detail in figure 3. It comprises a control circuit 19 receiving on input signals representative of the DC input voltages (V8 to V10) which are applied to it by the distribution bus, with three wires (2, 3, N) in the particular embodiment represented, signals representative of the AC output voltages (Vll to V13 and V10 for the neutral common to the input and output), signals representative of the output currents (Il to I3) and data which is transmitted to it by the bus 12 and possibly by the connection 15. The control circuit 19 generates from these input signals control signals A9 to A14 for the DC-AC converter and data representative of its state. Data transmission is achieved via suitable communication interfaces included in ~the control circuit 19.
A single-phase DC-AC terminal module is represented in figure 4.
In the same way as the above module, it comprises a control circuit 20 receiving on input signals representative of the DC
input voltages (V14, V15, V17), of the AC output volta~es (V16, V17), and of the output current (I4), and data transmitted by the bus 12 and connection 15. The control circuit 20 generates control signals AlS and A16 for the DC-AC converter and data .:, : :
11 2~$ ~ ~3 representative of its state. As in the previous case, suitable communication interfaces are included in the control circuit 20.
The main data generated by the control circuit of a terminal module concerns :
- Presence and correct operation of the terminal module and of its communication devices belonging to the control circuit. As far as the communication devices are concerned, it monitors notably their power supply and correct addressing. The central module, or external monitoring device, periodically requests each terminal module for information in this respect.
- Presence, within preset tolerance limits, o voltaye load-side of the terminal module.
- Monitoring of the quality level of the high quality voltage, delivered to the load, notably in terms of amplitude, frequency, absence of breaks or distortion.
':
- Presence or absence of overloads load-side of the terminal module, obtained by comparison of the signals representative of the output currents (Il to I3; I4) with preset thresholds, which may be programmable. In the event of an overload, the control circuit of the terminal module can order load-shedding of certain devices which it supplies. ~ -- Presence, within preset tolerance limits, of DC voltage line-side of the terminal module.
- Data (voltages, currents or power) enabling metering of the power delivered by the terminal module. It can generate impulses corresponding to a predetermined quantity of consumed power, for example lKWh.
12 2~S~ ~3 - It also transmits a shutdown request formulated by the load, which enables management of the high quality power at a higher hierarchical level (central module or monitoring device).
In addition, the control cixcuit of a terminal module receives data from the central module, via the communication network, notably when the central module switches over to back-up operation and in the case of an end of back-up time pre-alarm. A
pre-alarm information indicates to the terminal module concerned that it will automatically have to stop after a preset time, for example after 2 minutes, whatever the state of the line-side DC
distribution network. The back-up time assigned to each terminal module when a central module switches over to battery operation can be individualized, according to the load which is associated with it. This individualization can be performed at the level of the monitoring device 14, for example by means of a table indicating the back-up time assigned to each terminal module, which parameter can be modified. In this case, a pre-alarm signal is generated by the central module for each terminal module to inform it that its back-up time will soon come to an end and for all the terminal modules when the battery reaches the end of its back-up time, as a safeguard, in the event of uncontrolled degradation of the battery or incorrect programming of the back-up time o~ a given module. Such a system has a great flexibility of operation and enables the size of the battery to be dimensioned by adding together the individual ~ack-up time requirements of the loads. This leads to a large saving in comparison with simply taking into account a single back-up time, corresponding to the highest back-up time required, applied to all the terminal modules.
According to a preferred embodiment, not represented, a single communication bus of the BATIBUS type constitutes both the bus 12 and the connection 13, connected to the terminal modules and central module and to a substation belonging to the monitoring . .
13 ~ 23 device 14. This substation houses the application software and the software ~or conversation with the other components of the monitoring device 14, for example a remote-operation interface by means of a JBUS type field bus. Several substations can be connected to a single remote-operation interace. The remote-operation interface is connected to various control devices located locally, for example a console or minitel, or remotely, for example by means of the telephone system.
The monitoring device 14 thus enables local or remote setting of the parameters of the high quality power distribution system. It notably enables identification of the various terminal modules, individualization of their back-up times, definition of the data to be considered as events, faults or alarms, and identification of the numbers to be called in the event of an alarm and, possibly, automatic calling of these numbers. It also centralizes the data to be logged and/or transmitted and, in particular, the data concerning operation of the various system components (overload, quality tolerance, etc.) and power metering. The communication interface is also, preferably, connected to a local printer enabling the various events and alarms to be logged with their dates and times.
The monitoring device can also receive external calls to consult the state of the system and, possibly, give it orders, for example on/off of a terminal module o~ a given address, battery test, etc.
The use of filters line-side of each terminal module enables network interference and disturbances between loads to be reduced to a minimum. Figure 5 illustrates a preferred embodiment wherein each terminal module, only one 4 of which is represented, is connected to the distribution bus by means of a connection box 21. The connection box 21 houses a switchgear device, switch 22, enabling the terminal module to be swit~hed -, . ... .. ..
14 ;~$ ~
on or off. This switchgear device can be operated manually or by remote control, for example in the case where a fault has been detected in opera-tion of the terminal module ~, so as to isolate it from the system. The box 21 also houses a low-pass filter 23, for example of the LC type, connected between each of the distribution bus conductors 2 and 3 and the corresponding module input. A protective device, for example a fuse F, is connected in each conductor connecting the distribution bus conductors 2 and 3 and the corresponding input. This protective device may if required be incorporated in the terminal module rather than in the connection box.
. .
To improve the availability of the system from the viewpoint of the loads, redundancy of certain components can be used.
Figure 6 illustrates an example of a redundant distribution system comprising two central modules 1 and la. Each terminal module is connected in parallel to the distribution bus 2, 3, N
and 2a, 3a, N connected to the two central modules by a connection box 24. A switchgear device 25 or 25a, formed by an electromechanical or solid-state circuit breaker or by a fuse, is provided on each of the conductors 2, 3, 2a, 3a of the distribution bus line-side from the first connection boxes 24.
In the event of a malfunction of one of the central modules, the corresponding switchgear device is opened. In the connection box, the positive input (+) of the terminal ~odule 5 is connected, via a fuse F, to the cathode of two diodes Dl and D2 whose anodes are respectively connected to the conductors 2 and 2a. Likewise, the negative input (-) of the terminal module is connected, via a fuse F, to the anode of two diodes D3 and D4 whose respective cathodes are connected to the conductors 3 and 3a. The neutral input (N) of the terminal module is connected to the neutral conductors of the two buses, whereas its communication input is connected to the communication buses 12 and 12a associated with the two central modules by means of a ;~$3~ ;~3 suitable inter~ace 26, which may be integrated in the terminal module. Switches similar to the switches 22 of the connection box 21 in figure 5 can be provided in the box 24 to isolate the terminal module from the two distribution buses. Likewise filters are preferably provided in the connection box or integrated in the terminal module.
The redundancy principle can be applied to other system components. A redundant system can thus be achieved comprising a single central module only, but whose distribution bus is doubled at its output from the central module to provide two distribution buses to which the terminal modules are connected in the same way as in figure 6.
Redundancy can also be used inside the central module, as represented in figure 7, notably for maintenance purposes. Two converters 10 and lOa are supplied by the same input AC network Ll, L2, L3, N. Their outputs are connected in parallel by means of diodes D5 to D8 to supply a single distribution bus 2, 3, N.
The central module 27 represented comprises a single battery 11 connected by means of two charger-regulator circuits 18 and 18a respectively to the outputs of two converters 10 and lOa, line-side from their connection to the distribution ~us.
The availability of the redundant central module in ~igure 7 can be further improved by the use in the module of t~o batteries supplied separately, one by the converter 10 and the other by the converter lOa.
The system can, in addition, comprise a synchronization link (figure 8) connecting a time base, acting as synchronization source 29, to each of the terminal modules comprising a DC-AC
converter. Physically this time base 29 can if required be located in the central module 1. The central module 1 sends to éach of the terminal modules comprising a DC-AC converter~ data, 16 ~ 3 via the communication bus 12, enabling it to synchronize on the synchronization signals supplied by the source 29, with a phase shift adapted to suit each of the converters. The central module can thus distribute over time the current peaks absorbed by the different converters on the DC distribution bus, which enables the by-pass capacitors to be reduced to a minimum.
To increase the availability of the system, lt is possible to provide a back-up contactor 30 associated with each DC-AC
converter. The input of the back-up contactors 30 is connected by a connecting line 31 to an AC voltage source, not represented. This AC voltage source can be formed by the output of a conventional UPS connected to the AC network. The output of a back-up contactor 30 is connected, in parallel with the output of the associated converter, to the input of the associated load 32. The back-up contactor 30 is controlled by the control circuit of the associated terminal module, taking into account the synchronization signals and the data supplied to the control circuit by the communication bus 12, so as to synchronize in the most suitable manner switching of the power supply of the load 32 from the terminal module to the back-up contactor or vice-versa. It is thus possible to deal with brief overloads or back~
up the converter in case of failure. The back-up contactors are preferably static contactors, which are faster than electro-magnetic contactors.
- . - ;: ~ :
. . :
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Other advantages and features will become more clearly apparent from the following description of illustrative embodiments of the invention, given as non-restrictive examples only and represented in the accompanying drawings in which :
Figure 1 illustrates in very schematic manner a system according to the invention.
Figure 2 represents a particular embodiment of the central module of the system according to figure 1.
Figures 3 and 4 represent two particular embodiments of terminal modules of the system according to figure 1.
Figure 5 represents a connection box for connection of a terminal module to the distribution bus.
Figure 6 illustrates a redundant distribution system.
Figure 7 represents a redundant central module.
Figure 8 illustrates schematically another particular embodim~nt of the system.
~3~3 DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The distribution system illustrated in figure 1 comprises a central module 1 supplying a DC power distribution network. The structure of the DC power distribution network is adapted to suit the layout of the site to be equipped so as to distribute direct current to all the user points, for example to the offices of an office block or to the buildings on an industrial estate. High performances are not required from the DC powex distribution network since it does not participate directly in achieving final quality. For the sake of examples, the structure of the DC power distribution network can be a star, loop, or rake-connected structure, etc...
In the particular embodiment represented in the figures, it is formed by a DC distribution bus schematically represented by two conductors, respectively positive (2) and negative t3). Terminal modules, three (~, 5, 6) of which are represented in figure 1, are connected to the distribution bus.
The central module 1 i5 supplied with electrical power from an AC distribution network 7. An emergency back-up source, for example an electrical generating set 8, can be connected via a switch 9 to the input o~ the central module in case of extended outage of the network 7.
., The central module 1 essentially comprises an AC-DC converter 10 and an autonomous DC power source, in the form of a battery 11, parallel connected to the output of the converter 10. It thus constitutes a permanent DC power source, which is always available. The battery back up time is adapted to suit the conditions of use of the system. This back up time is typically variable between about 1 and 1~0 minutes, the electrical generating set 8 taking over in case of extended outage of the network 7.
. ~``
2~ 23 Near to each user point, the power, in the form of permanently available dlrect current, is transformed locally, individually, into high quality electrical power. This is accomplislled by means of terminal modules, constituted by DC-DC or DC-AC
converters, of suitable power. The function of the terminal modules is on the one hand to generate the high quality voltage suitable for the associated load in terms of amplitude, frequency and distortion ratio notably, and on the other hand to provide functional isolation of the loads from one another.
Conversion of power from a DC network automatically ensures functional isolation between the loads connected load-side of the different converters. The disturbances, harmonics, short-circuits, etc., created by a load are in fact not transmitted line-side to the DC distribution network and can therefore not be transmitted by the DC network to the other loads. The converter moreover guarantees the quality of the power it supplies on the load side even in the presence of disturbances line-side on the DC network.
In the particular embodiment represented in figure 1, the terminal module 4 is a DC-DC converter supplying ~he associated load with DC electrical power, which can be regulated to have a preset amplitude. The terminal modules 5 and 6 are DC-AC
converters supplying respectively single- and three-phase AC
voltages of preset frequency and amplitude.
According to their power and the layout of the building, the terminal modules are installed either in a box or directly in current sockets. A terminal module housed in a connection box can, via a high quality local distribution network, supply a certain number of equipment items located nearby. To prevent downgrading of the quality of the power supplied to the load, this local network must be limited in length, number of feeders and number of protective devices.
6 ~ ,3 Low power terminal modules, for example with a power less than 500VA, can be built into sockets and be fed from a branch distribution bus, connected to the distribution bus by a connection box and concealed in the skirtin~ boards, raised floors or partitions of the premises to be supplied. In some cases, a terminal module can be built directly into a device to be fed.
In all cases, special sockets incompatible with ordinary soc~ets will have to be fitted to prevent inadvertent supply of non sensitive loads by the high quality distribution system.
In a preferred embodiment, the DC voltage applied to the distribution bus by the central module 1 is a non regulated DC
voltage greater than twice the maximum AC voltage that has to be available at output from a terminal module. In the case where this maximum AC voltage is 220V, i.e. of the same order as the voltage normally supplied by the AC distribution network, the DC
voltage applied to the bus is +/- 350V between the conductors 2 and 3. If the DC voltage is lower, bulky and costly auto-transformers have to be used in the DC-AC converters of the terminal modules 4, 5. If on the other hand the DC voltage is of sufficient amplitude, the terminal modules can comprise converters without a transformer.
In figure 1, a communication bus, represented sche~atically by 12, connects the central module 1 to each of the terminal modules 4, 5 and 6. The bus 12 can be formed by any state-of-the-art bidirectional communication bus, for example by field buses marketed under the brand-names BATIBUS and J-BUS. It is thus possible to transfer all the necessary data between modules. A connection 13 enables data to be transferred between the central module 1 and a monitoring device 14, external to the system. The monitoring device 14 can, as an alternative, be connected to the communication bus 12 without passing via the . ~
central module, possibly by means of an interface between the communication bus 12 internal to the system and an external communlcation bus which can be more elaborate. Connections 15, for example constituted by serial communication buses, enable data to be transmitted between each of the terminal modules and the associated loads. A connection 15 can, for example, be connected to a local network server. The terminal modules are in addition e~uipped with various communication means such as indicator lights, contacts, etc.
The communication means thus defined enable communication internal to the system, necessary to coordinate all the components making up the system, to be achieved. This internal communication is preferably completed on the one hand by a communication designed for the load, in audiovisual form (lamps, audio alarms, etc.) and/or electrical form (contacts, serial connections), and on the other hand by a communication designed for the system operator, either local or remote.
The communication bus can be made up of several buses for a large system or be replaced by any other communication means, for example by the use of the carrier current technique, the data to be transmitted then being superposed on the DC current in the distribution bus 2,3.
The monitoring device 1~ can comprise a desk loca~ed near the central module, to enable notably routine or checking operations to be carried out. It can also comprise monitoring devices remotely located, notably on the premises of the system operator to inform the latter in case of a problem arising in the system.
Communication between the central module, local desk and remote monitoring devices can be achieved by any means, for example by means of a bus as represented in figure 1, or by telephonet radio, minitel, etc.
:: . ~ . . . . . .
Figure 2 illustrates in greater detail a particular embodiment of the central module 1. The AC network connected to the module input is a three-phase network Ll, L2, L3, with neutral N. The AC-DC converter 10 is connected to the AC network by means of a switch or circult breaker 16 able to be operated manually or automatically by a control circuit 17 of the central module. The control circuit 17 receives on input signals Vl -to V4 representative of the voltages applied to the module input (at Ll, L2, L3 and N) and applies to control terminals Al to A8 of the converter 10 appropriate control signals to supply the required DC voltages to the distribution bus. The distribution bus comprises a positive conductor 2, a negative conductor 3, and a neutral conductor N connected directly to the neutral of the line-side three-phase network. The converter 10 is designed in such a way as to supply on the conductors 2 and 3 a +/- 350V
voltage symmetrical with respect to the neutral N. This symmetry enables the complexity of the terminal modules to be reduced.
The converter can be controlled by the control circuit 17 50 as to maintain a sine wave current in the line-side AC network. For this purpose, the circuit 17 is Gonnected to current sensors (not represented) measuring the current in the line-side AC
network conductors and compensating any disturbances of the sine wave shape that may occur.
The battery 11 is connected to the distribution bus 2, 3, N by means of a charger-regulator circuit 18 whose control terminals Bl-B2 receive control signals from the control circuit 17. In the absence of a network failure, the batt~ry 11 charges if necessary. The control circuit 17 monitors the battery charge taking account of the voltage at the battery terminals (input Vb of circuit 17) and of the battery charging current (input Ib of circuit 17), so as to limit this current during charging. In the embodiment represented in figure 2, the battery is charged from the DC voltage, but it is naturally possible to perform charging "
,; . :
, :
.
9 21: ~33~ ~3 directly from the AC network using two independent rectifiers, one for charging the battery and the other for supply of the DC
network.
The req~ired power is therefore tapped from the public AC
network, or from another autonomous source 8, by a rectifier, preferably with sine wave tapping in order not to disturb the line-side AC network. This power is partly used locally, in the central module 1, to maintain the battery 11 on charge. Most of this power is supplied to the DC distribution network in the form of DC current made available continuously by the battery.
When a failure o the AC network is detected by the control circuit 17 from the signals applied to its inputs Vl-V4, it causes stopping of the control signals applied to the terminals Al to A6 of the converter lO. The battery ll then supplies the distribution bus via the charger-regulator 18, under the control of the circuit 17, according to the central module output voltages ~inputs V4, VS, V6 of circuit 17). The control signals of terminals A7 and A8 are maintained to continue having a neutral voltage available.
The control circuit 17 also generates data representative of the state of the AC network (comparison of the AC network voltages with progra~mable thresholds), electrical generating set, and central module, and more particularly of oper~tion on an autonomous power source. It notably monitors the battery back-up time from the measurements of Ib, Vb and of the battery temperature, which is supplied to it by a temperature sensor on an input Tb. It generates an end of back-up time pre-alarm signal designed to inform the loads that the autonomous back-up power reserve of the system will soon come to an end. It can also monitor the correct operating state of the charger-regulator, the battery room temperature, and the degree of ageing of the battery. It can also perform anti-intrusion . : .. ::
detection in the technical room where it is located. This data can be transmitted to the terminal modules by the communication bus 12 and to a monitoring device 1~ via the connection 13, the control circu~t 17 being provided with the necessax~
communication interfaces.
In addition, the control circuit 17 receives data from the terminal modules via the communication bus 12 and from the monitoring device 14 via the connection 13 and can process and transmit this data. For example, it can receive a forced switch to battery order, enabling the system to be tested, an anti-intrusion alarm activation order, etc.
A three-phase DC-AC terminal module is represented in greater detail in figure 3. It comprises a control circuit 19 receiving on input signals representative of the DC input voltages (V8 to V10) which are applied to it by the distribution bus, with three wires (2, 3, N) in the particular embodiment represented, signals representative of the AC output voltages (Vll to V13 and V10 for the neutral common to the input and output), signals representative of the output currents (Il to I3) and data which is transmitted to it by the bus 12 and possibly by the connection 15. The control circuit 19 generates from these input signals control signals A9 to A14 for the DC-AC converter and data representative of its state. Data transmission is achieved via suitable communication interfaces included in ~the control circuit 19.
A single-phase DC-AC terminal module is represented in figure 4.
In the same way as the above module, it comprises a control circuit 20 receiving on input signals representative of the DC
input voltages (V14, V15, V17), of the AC output volta~es (V16, V17), and of the output current (I4), and data transmitted by the bus 12 and connection 15. The control circuit 20 generates control signals AlS and A16 for the DC-AC converter and data .:, : :
11 2~$ ~ ~3 representative of its state. As in the previous case, suitable communication interfaces are included in the control circuit 20.
The main data generated by the control circuit of a terminal module concerns :
- Presence and correct operation of the terminal module and of its communication devices belonging to the control circuit. As far as the communication devices are concerned, it monitors notably their power supply and correct addressing. The central module, or external monitoring device, periodically requests each terminal module for information in this respect.
- Presence, within preset tolerance limits, o voltaye load-side of the terminal module.
- Monitoring of the quality level of the high quality voltage, delivered to the load, notably in terms of amplitude, frequency, absence of breaks or distortion.
':
- Presence or absence of overloads load-side of the terminal module, obtained by comparison of the signals representative of the output currents (Il to I3; I4) with preset thresholds, which may be programmable. In the event of an overload, the control circuit of the terminal module can order load-shedding of certain devices which it supplies. ~ -- Presence, within preset tolerance limits, of DC voltage line-side of the terminal module.
- Data (voltages, currents or power) enabling metering of the power delivered by the terminal module. It can generate impulses corresponding to a predetermined quantity of consumed power, for example lKWh.
12 2~S~ ~3 - It also transmits a shutdown request formulated by the load, which enables management of the high quality power at a higher hierarchical level (central module or monitoring device).
In addition, the control cixcuit of a terminal module receives data from the central module, via the communication network, notably when the central module switches over to back-up operation and in the case of an end of back-up time pre-alarm. A
pre-alarm information indicates to the terminal module concerned that it will automatically have to stop after a preset time, for example after 2 minutes, whatever the state of the line-side DC
distribution network. The back-up time assigned to each terminal module when a central module switches over to battery operation can be individualized, according to the load which is associated with it. This individualization can be performed at the level of the monitoring device 14, for example by means of a table indicating the back-up time assigned to each terminal module, which parameter can be modified. In this case, a pre-alarm signal is generated by the central module for each terminal module to inform it that its back-up time will soon come to an end and for all the terminal modules when the battery reaches the end of its back-up time, as a safeguard, in the event of uncontrolled degradation of the battery or incorrect programming of the back-up time o~ a given module. Such a system has a great flexibility of operation and enables the size of the battery to be dimensioned by adding together the individual ~ack-up time requirements of the loads. This leads to a large saving in comparison with simply taking into account a single back-up time, corresponding to the highest back-up time required, applied to all the terminal modules.
According to a preferred embodiment, not represented, a single communication bus of the BATIBUS type constitutes both the bus 12 and the connection 13, connected to the terminal modules and central module and to a substation belonging to the monitoring . .
13 ~ 23 device 14. This substation houses the application software and the software ~or conversation with the other components of the monitoring device 14, for example a remote-operation interface by means of a JBUS type field bus. Several substations can be connected to a single remote-operation interace. The remote-operation interface is connected to various control devices located locally, for example a console or minitel, or remotely, for example by means of the telephone system.
The monitoring device 14 thus enables local or remote setting of the parameters of the high quality power distribution system. It notably enables identification of the various terminal modules, individualization of their back-up times, definition of the data to be considered as events, faults or alarms, and identification of the numbers to be called in the event of an alarm and, possibly, automatic calling of these numbers. It also centralizes the data to be logged and/or transmitted and, in particular, the data concerning operation of the various system components (overload, quality tolerance, etc.) and power metering. The communication interface is also, preferably, connected to a local printer enabling the various events and alarms to be logged with their dates and times.
The monitoring device can also receive external calls to consult the state of the system and, possibly, give it orders, for example on/off of a terminal module o~ a given address, battery test, etc.
The use of filters line-side of each terminal module enables network interference and disturbances between loads to be reduced to a minimum. Figure 5 illustrates a preferred embodiment wherein each terminal module, only one 4 of which is represented, is connected to the distribution bus by means of a connection box 21. The connection box 21 houses a switchgear device, switch 22, enabling the terminal module to be swit~hed -, . ... .. ..
14 ;~$ ~
on or off. This switchgear device can be operated manually or by remote control, for example in the case where a fault has been detected in opera-tion of the terminal module ~, so as to isolate it from the system. The box 21 also houses a low-pass filter 23, for example of the LC type, connected between each of the distribution bus conductors 2 and 3 and the corresponding module input. A protective device, for example a fuse F, is connected in each conductor connecting the distribution bus conductors 2 and 3 and the corresponding input. This protective device may if required be incorporated in the terminal module rather than in the connection box.
. .
To improve the availability of the system from the viewpoint of the loads, redundancy of certain components can be used.
Figure 6 illustrates an example of a redundant distribution system comprising two central modules 1 and la. Each terminal module is connected in parallel to the distribution bus 2, 3, N
and 2a, 3a, N connected to the two central modules by a connection box 24. A switchgear device 25 or 25a, formed by an electromechanical or solid-state circuit breaker or by a fuse, is provided on each of the conductors 2, 3, 2a, 3a of the distribution bus line-side from the first connection boxes 24.
In the event of a malfunction of one of the central modules, the corresponding switchgear device is opened. In the connection box, the positive input (+) of the terminal ~odule 5 is connected, via a fuse F, to the cathode of two diodes Dl and D2 whose anodes are respectively connected to the conductors 2 and 2a. Likewise, the negative input (-) of the terminal module is connected, via a fuse F, to the anode of two diodes D3 and D4 whose respective cathodes are connected to the conductors 3 and 3a. The neutral input (N) of the terminal module is connected to the neutral conductors of the two buses, whereas its communication input is connected to the communication buses 12 and 12a associated with the two central modules by means of a ;~$3~ ;~3 suitable inter~ace 26, which may be integrated in the terminal module. Switches similar to the switches 22 of the connection box 21 in figure 5 can be provided in the box 24 to isolate the terminal module from the two distribution buses. Likewise filters are preferably provided in the connection box or integrated in the terminal module.
The redundancy principle can be applied to other system components. A redundant system can thus be achieved comprising a single central module only, but whose distribution bus is doubled at its output from the central module to provide two distribution buses to which the terminal modules are connected in the same way as in figure 6.
Redundancy can also be used inside the central module, as represented in figure 7, notably for maintenance purposes. Two converters 10 and lOa are supplied by the same input AC network Ll, L2, L3, N. Their outputs are connected in parallel by means of diodes D5 to D8 to supply a single distribution bus 2, 3, N.
The central module 27 represented comprises a single battery 11 connected by means of two charger-regulator circuits 18 and 18a respectively to the outputs of two converters 10 and lOa, line-side from their connection to the distribution ~us.
The availability of the redundant central module in ~igure 7 can be further improved by the use in the module of t~o batteries supplied separately, one by the converter 10 and the other by the converter lOa.
The system can, in addition, comprise a synchronization link (figure 8) connecting a time base, acting as synchronization source 29, to each of the terminal modules comprising a DC-AC
converter. Physically this time base 29 can if required be located in the central module 1. The central module 1 sends to éach of the terminal modules comprising a DC-AC converter~ data, 16 ~ 3 via the communication bus 12, enabling it to synchronize on the synchronization signals supplied by the source 29, with a phase shift adapted to suit each of the converters. The central module can thus distribute over time the current peaks absorbed by the different converters on the DC distribution bus, which enables the by-pass capacitors to be reduced to a minimum.
To increase the availability of the system, lt is possible to provide a back-up contactor 30 associated with each DC-AC
converter. The input of the back-up contactors 30 is connected by a connecting line 31 to an AC voltage source, not represented. This AC voltage source can be formed by the output of a conventional UPS connected to the AC network. The output of a back-up contactor 30 is connected, in parallel with the output of the associated converter, to the input of the associated load 32. The back-up contactor 30 is controlled by the control circuit of the associated terminal module, taking into account the synchronization signals and the data supplied to the control circuit by the communication bus 12, so as to synchronize in the most suitable manner switching of the power supply of the load 32 from the terminal module to the back-up contactor or vice-versa. It is thus possible to deal with brief overloads or back~
up the converter in case of failure. The back-up contactors are preferably static contactors, which are faster than electro-magnetic contactors.
- . - ;: ~ :
. . :
Claims (14)
1. A system for distribution of high quality electrical power to a plurality of loads from an AC electrical power distribution network (7), characterized in that it comprises a central module (1) converting the alternating current of the AC network into direct current and comprising at least one autonomous back-up DC
power source (11) so as to constitute a permanent DC power source, a DC distribution network (2, 3, N) connected to the central module (1), a plurality of terminal modules (4, 5, 6) connected to the DC distribution network, located near the loads (32) to which they are connected and converting the DC current from the DC distribution network into AC (5, 6) or DC (4) current suitable for said loads (32), and communication means (12) for communicating data representative of the state of the system at least between each terminal module (4, 5, 6) and the central module (1).
power source (11) so as to constitute a permanent DC power source, a DC distribution network (2, 3, N) connected to the central module (1), a plurality of terminal modules (4, 5, 6) connected to the DC distribution network, located near the loads (32) to which they are connected and converting the DC current from the DC distribution network into AC (5, 6) or DC (4) current suitable for said loads (32), and communication means (12) for communicating data representative of the state of the system at least between each terminal module (4, 5, 6) and the central module (1).
2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the central module (1) supplies a symmetrical DC voltage with respect to a neutral (N) of the AC network, the DC distribution network comprising three conductors (2, 3, N) including a neutral conductor (N) directly connected to the AC network neutral.
3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that each terminal module (4, 5, 6) is connected to the DC distribution network (2, 3, N) by means of an associated connection box (21) containing low-pass filters (23) and means (F) for protection against short-circuits.
4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the communication means comprise a communication bus (12) distinct from the DC distribution network (2, 3, N).
5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that communication is achieved by means of carrier currents superposed on the direct current on the DC distribution network (2, 3, N).
6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the data representative of the state of the system comprise data indicating operation of the central module (1) from the autonomous power source (11) and an end of back-up time pre-alarm signal.
7. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that the end of back-up time pre-alarm signal is representative of the end of back-up time of the autonomous back-up DC power source (11).
8. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that the pre-alarm signal is representative of the end of back-up time of one of the terminal modules, a predetermined back-up time being assigned to each of the terminal modules.
9. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the data representative of the state of the system comprise data representative of the presence and correct operation of the terminal modules (4, 5, 6).
10. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the data representative of the state of the system comprise data representative of the presence, within preset tolerances, of a voltage line-side of the terminal modules (4, 5, 6) and of voltage and current load-side of the terminal modules.
11. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the data representative of the state of the system comprise data concerning metering of the power delivered by each terminal module (4, 5, 6) to the associated load.
12. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the communication means are connected to a centralized monitoring device (14) external to the system.
14. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the DC distribution network is a bus.
14. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises synchronization means (28, 29) connected to the terminal modules converting the direct current into alternating current.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9114768 | 1991-11-27 | ||
| FR9114768A FR2684250B1 (en) | 1991-11-27 | 1991-11-27 | HIGH QUALITY ELECTRICAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2083123A1 true CA2083123A1 (en) | 1993-05-28 |
Family
ID=9419480
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002083123A Abandoned CA2083123A1 (en) | 1991-11-27 | 1992-11-17 | High quality electrical power distribution system |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5477091A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0550348B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH0630535A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2083123A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69217641T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2099237T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2684250B1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108281954A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2018-07-13 | 广州京善电子有限公司 | A kind of power switching apparatus and power supply and distribution of electric power system |
| CN108321787A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2018-07-24 | 广州京善电子有限公司 | A kind of power switching apparatus and power supply and distribution of electric power system |
| CN108321788A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2018-07-24 | 广州京善电子有限公司 | A kind of power switching apparatus and power supply and distribution of electric power system |
Families Citing this family (170)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6933627B2 (en) * | 1991-01-08 | 2005-08-23 | Nextek Power Systems Inc. | High efficiency lighting system |
| US6144292A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 2000-11-07 | Norweb Plc | Powerline communications network employing TDMA, FDMA and/or CDMA |
| GB9222205D0 (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1992-12-02 | Norweb Plc | Low voltage filter |
| US6282405B1 (en) | 1992-10-22 | 2001-08-28 | Norweb Plc | Hybrid electricity and telecommunications distribution network |
| FR2706622B1 (en) * | 1993-06-11 | 1995-09-01 | Merlin Gerin | Electrical energy measurement and metering device. |
| US6274950B1 (en) * | 1994-03-03 | 2001-08-14 | American Power Conversion | Battery communication system |
| GB9417359D0 (en) * | 1994-08-26 | 1994-10-19 | Norweb Plc | A power transmission network and filter therefor |
| US5604385A (en) * | 1995-05-22 | 1997-02-18 | Target Hi-Tech Electronics Ltd. | Apparatus for and method of evenly distributing an electrical load across a three phase power distribution network |
| US6018203A (en) * | 1995-05-22 | 2000-01-25 | Target Hi-Tech Electronics Ltd. | Apparatus for and method of evenly distributing an electrical load across an n-phase power distribution network |
| US5861684A (en) * | 1995-12-27 | 1999-01-19 | Tandem Computers Incorporated | Flexible implementation of distributed DC power |
| US6222441B1 (en) * | 1996-01-11 | 2001-04-24 | Richard Hirschmann Gmbh & Co. | Process and circuit for connecting an actuator to a line |
| US5844327A (en) * | 1996-08-21 | 1998-12-01 | Antec Corporation | Apparatus and method for optimizing power distributed in a broadband signal system |
| FR2754657B1 (en) * | 1996-10-15 | 2002-12-27 | Electricite De France | DEVICE FOR INTERFACING A LOW-VOLTAGE / RADIO FREQUENCY CARRIER BIDIRECTIONAL LINK |
| US7158012B2 (en) * | 1996-11-01 | 2007-01-02 | Foster-Miller, Inc. | Non-invasive powerline communications system |
| US7269034B2 (en) | 1997-01-24 | 2007-09-11 | Synqor, Inc. | High efficiency power converter |
| FR2760148B1 (en) * | 1997-02-25 | 1999-05-07 | Sextant Avionique | LOW COST SUPPLY DEVICE FOR A PLURALITY OF ELECTRONIC MODULES INSTALLED IN A RACK |
| FR2762456B1 (en) * | 1997-04-21 | 1999-05-28 | Alsthom Cge Alcatel | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SUPPLYING ELECTRICAL POWER TO ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT |
| US6449348B1 (en) * | 1997-05-29 | 2002-09-10 | 3Com Corporation | Power transfer apparatus for use by network devices including telephone equipment |
| US5994998A (en) * | 1997-05-29 | 1999-11-30 | 3Com Corporation | Power transfer apparatus for concurrently transmitting data and power over data wires |
| SE512376C2 (en) * | 1997-06-05 | 2000-03-06 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Plant for AC power supply |
| US5939798A (en) * | 1997-06-17 | 1999-08-17 | General Electric Company | Hybrid energy storage system |
| US6784565B2 (en) | 1997-09-08 | 2004-08-31 | Capstone Turbine Corporation | Turbogenerator with electrical brake |
| US6487096B1 (en) | 1997-09-08 | 2002-11-26 | Capstone Turbine Corporation | Power controller |
| US5903116A (en) | 1997-09-08 | 1999-05-11 | Capstone Turbine Corporation | Turbogenerator/motor controller |
| SE516059C2 (en) | 1997-09-17 | 2001-11-12 | Telia Ab | Method and system for distribution of spare power |
| US6870279B2 (en) | 1998-01-05 | 2005-03-22 | Capstone Turbine Corporation | Method and system for control of turbogenerator power and temperature |
| US6194803B1 (en) * | 1998-02-27 | 2001-02-27 | Warner Electric Technology, Inc. | Sound damping armature assembly for an electromagnetic coupling |
| US20020166324A1 (en) | 1998-04-02 | 2002-11-14 | Capstone Turbine Corporation | Integrated turbine power generation system having low pressure supplemental catalytic reactor |
| EP1075724B1 (en) * | 1998-04-02 | 2005-11-23 | Capstone Turbine Corporation | Power controller |
| WO1999053627A1 (en) | 1998-04-10 | 1999-10-21 | Chrimar Systems, Inc. Doing Business As Cms Technologies | System for communicating with electronic equipment on a network |
| US6480510B1 (en) | 1998-07-28 | 2002-11-12 | Serconet Ltd. | Local area network of serial intelligent cells |
| EP0978920A1 (en) * | 1998-08-04 | 2000-02-09 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Power supply system |
| US6612112B2 (en) | 1998-12-08 | 2003-09-02 | Capstone Turbine Corporation | Transient turbine exhaust temperature control for a turbogenerator |
| US6473608B1 (en) * | 1999-01-12 | 2002-10-29 | Powerdsine Ltd. | Structure cabling system |
| SE517112C2 (en) * | 1999-01-18 | 2002-04-16 | Telia Ab | Method and device for uninterrupted electricity distribution |
| US6677743B1 (en) | 1999-03-05 | 2004-01-13 | Foster-Miller, Inc. | High voltage powerline sensor with a plurality of voltage sensing devices |
| DE19911824C2 (en) * | 1999-03-17 | 2001-12-20 | Loh Kg Rittal Werk | Control cabinet monitoring system |
| US6667967B1 (en) | 1999-05-14 | 2003-12-23 | Omninet Capital, Llc | High-speed network of independently linked nodes |
| DE29909206U1 (en) | 1999-05-28 | 2000-10-05 | Ellenberger & Poensgen | Protective device |
| US6956826B1 (en) | 1999-07-07 | 2005-10-18 | Serconet Ltd. | Local area network for distributing data communication, sensing and control signals |
| US6510369B1 (en) * | 1999-08-24 | 2003-01-21 | Plug Power Inc. | Residential load shedding |
| US6496366B1 (en) | 1999-10-26 | 2002-12-17 | Rackable Systems, Llc | High density computer equipment storage system |
| US6359765B1 (en) * | 2000-01-10 | 2002-03-19 | Richards Manufacturing Company | Fused terminal for use with a network protector |
| US7072407B2 (en) | 2000-01-31 | 2006-07-04 | Brookline Flolmstead Llc | Combination power and full duplex data cable |
| US6931003B2 (en) * | 2000-02-09 | 2005-08-16 | Bookline Flolmstead Llc | Packet prioritization protocol for a large-scale, high speed computer network |
| US6549616B1 (en) | 2000-03-20 | 2003-04-15 | Serconet Ltd. | Telephone outlet for implementing a local area network over telephone lines and a local area network using such outlets |
| US6998962B2 (en) | 2000-04-14 | 2006-02-14 | Current Technologies, Llc | Power line communication apparatus and method of using the same |
| US20020110311A1 (en) * | 2001-02-14 | 2002-08-15 | Kline Paul A. | Apparatus and method for providing a power line communication device for safe transmission of high-frequency, high-bandwidth signals over existing power distribution lines |
| US6842459B1 (en) | 2000-04-19 | 2005-01-11 | Serconet Ltd. | Network combining wired and non-wired segments |
| JP2002014749A (en) * | 2000-06-30 | 2002-01-18 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Power supply system |
| FR2812474B1 (en) * | 2000-07-31 | 2004-06-18 | Valeo Climatisation | DEVICE FOR PROTECTING AN ELECTRIC SOURCE CAPABLE OF SUPPLYING AN ELECTRICAL MEMBER |
| DE10042165C1 (en) * | 2000-08-17 | 2002-04-18 | Butzke Werke Aqua | System for controlling and monitoring sanitary fittings |
| US6961303B1 (en) | 2000-09-21 | 2005-11-01 | Serconet Ltd. | Telephone communication system and method over local area network wiring |
| US6628013B2 (en) * | 2000-09-28 | 2003-09-30 | Intel Corporation | Redundant power subsystem |
| FR2818045B1 (en) * | 2000-12-11 | 2003-08-01 | Valeo Climatisation | DISTRIBUTION OF ENERGY TO ELEMENTS, PARTICULARLY OF A MOTOR VEHICLE AIR CONDITIONING DEVICE |
| US6787933B2 (en) | 2001-01-10 | 2004-09-07 | Capstone Turbine Corporation | Power generation system having transient ride-through/load-leveling capabilities |
| DE10102243A1 (en) * | 2001-01-19 | 2002-10-17 | Xcellsis Gmbh | Device for generating and distributing electrical energy to consumers in a vehicle |
| US6800957B2 (en) | 2001-02-06 | 2004-10-05 | General Electric Company | Electronic distribution system for 36V automobiles |
| ITPD20010124A1 (en) * | 2001-05-29 | 2002-11-29 | Multitecno Srl | PERFECTED DEVICE FOR ACOUSTIC DERATTIZATION |
| ES2243756T3 (en) | 2001-09-17 | 2005-12-01 | Clean Current Power Systems Inc. | UNDERWATER TUBBED TURBINE. |
| GB2381393B (en) * | 2001-10-26 | 2005-11-02 | Agco Gmbh & Co | Mobile high voltage network |
| US8045565B1 (en) | 2001-11-20 | 2011-10-25 | Brookline Flolmstead Llc | Method and apparatus for an environmentally hardened ethernet network system |
| US6983212B2 (en) * | 2001-11-27 | 2006-01-03 | American Power Conversion Corporation | Battery management system and method |
| US7187562B2 (en) * | 2002-11-11 | 2007-03-06 | International Rectifier Corporation | Two stage power conversion circuit |
| IL152824A (en) | 2002-11-13 | 2012-05-31 | Mosaid Technologies Inc | Addressable outlet and a network using same |
| US7394168B1 (en) * | 2002-11-15 | 2008-07-01 | Sprint Communications Company L.P. | Power system for a telecommunication facility |
| US7173821B2 (en) * | 2003-05-16 | 2007-02-06 | Rackable Systems, Inc. | Computer rack with power distribution system |
| GB0329769D0 (en) * | 2003-12-23 | 2004-01-28 | Ross Alan | Multi-laptop charge & power pack |
| IL159838A0 (en) | 2004-01-13 | 2004-06-20 | Yehuda Binder | Information device |
| US7612472B2 (en) * | 2004-01-23 | 2009-11-03 | American Power Conversion Corporation | Method and apparatus for monitoring energy storage devices |
| US7446433B2 (en) * | 2004-01-23 | 2008-11-04 | American Power Conversion Corporation | Methods and apparatus for providing uninterruptible power |
| US7379305B2 (en) | 2004-01-23 | 2008-05-27 | American Power Conversion Corporation | Modular UPS |
| US7281958B2 (en) * | 2004-01-23 | 2007-10-16 | American Power Conversion Corporation | Power terminal block |
| US7129821B2 (en) * | 2004-08-20 | 2006-10-31 | International Business Machines Corporation | Communication systems and methods using microelectronics power distribution network |
| US7737580B2 (en) * | 2004-08-31 | 2010-06-15 | American Power Conversion Corporation | Method and apparatus for providing uninterruptible power |
| CA2640643C (en) | 2004-09-17 | 2011-05-31 | Clean Current Power Systems Incorporated | Flow enhancement for underwater turbine generator |
| US7394632B2 (en) * | 2004-09-30 | 2008-07-01 | Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. | Line interface module |
| GB2422496B (en) * | 2005-01-19 | 2008-03-26 | Cooper Lighting And Security L | Emergency lighting conversion module power pack |
| US7724778B2 (en) | 2005-01-28 | 2010-05-25 | I/O Controls Corporation | Control network with data and power distribution |
| US7466042B2 (en) * | 2005-04-06 | 2008-12-16 | Flexsil, Inc. | Universal DC power |
| US7436079B2 (en) | 2005-05-18 | 2008-10-14 | Sprint Communications Company L.P. | Power system for a telecommunications site |
| US9142844B2 (en) | 2005-05-18 | 2015-09-22 | Sprint Communications Company L.P. | Power system for a telecommunications network |
| US20070029879A1 (en) * | 2005-08-04 | 2007-02-08 | Eldredge James G | Distribution of universal DC power in buildings |
| US7352083B2 (en) | 2005-09-16 | 2008-04-01 | American Power Conversion Corporation | Apparatus for and method of UPS operation |
| US8148842B2 (en) * | 2006-02-20 | 2012-04-03 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Electrical power generation system having multiple secondary power distribution assemblies with integral power conversion |
| US7252088B1 (en) * | 2006-02-21 | 2007-08-07 | Nieves-Ramirez Ismael | Methods of powering medical equipment for the treatment of sleep apnea |
| DE102006012307A1 (en) * | 2006-03-15 | 2007-09-20 | Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co. Kg | system |
| US10213744B2 (en) | 2006-06-13 | 2019-02-26 | Evoqua Water Technologies Llc | Method and system for water treatment |
| US10252923B2 (en) | 2006-06-13 | 2019-04-09 | Evoqua Water Technologies Llc | Method and system for water treatment |
| US8277627B2 (en) | 2006-06-13 | 2012-10-02 | Siemens Industry, Inc. | Method and system for irrigation |
| US20080067069A1 (en) | 2006-06-22 | 2008-03-20 | Siemens Water Technologies Corp. | Low scale potential water treatment |
| CN103633751A (en) | 2006-08-04 | 2014-03-12 | 净流有限合伙企业 | Axial air gap machine having stator and rotor discs formed of multiple detachable segments |
| FR2907760B1 (en) * | 2006-10-25 | 2009-06-12 | Airbus France Sas | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR POWER SUPPLY ON BOARD AN AIRCRAFT. |
| US20080125187A1 (en) * | 2006-11-03 | 2008-05-29 | Yu-Chuan Chang | Wireless transmission system suitable for large space and method thereof |
| US11735910B2 (en) | 2006-12-06 | 2023-08-22 | Solaredge Technologies Ltd. | Distributed power system using direct current power sources |
| US8319483B2 (en) | 2007-08-06 | 2012-11-27 | Solaredge Technologies Ltd. | Digital average input current control in power converter |
| US11728768B2 (en) | 2006-12-06 | 2023-08-15 | Solaredge Technologies Ltd. | Pairing of components in a direct current distributed power generation system |
| US8963369B2 (en) | 2007-12-04 | 2015-02-24 | Solaredge Technologies Ltd. | Distributed power harvesting systems using DC power sources |
| US8816535B2 (en) | 2007-10-10 | 2014-08-26 | Solaredge Technologies, Ltd. | System and method for protection during inverter shutdown in distributed power installations |
| WO2009073868A1 (en) | 2007-12-05 | 2009-06-11 | Solaredge, Ltd. | Safety mechanisms, wake up and shutdown methods in distributed power installations |
| US8473250B2 (en) | 2006-12-06 | 2013-06-25 | Solaredge, Ltd. | Monitoring of distributed power harvesting systems using DC power sources |
| US8947194B2 (en) | 2009-05-26 | 2015-02-03 | Solaredge Technologies Ltd. | Theft detection and prevention in a power generation system |
| US11888387B2 (en) | 2006-12-06 | 2024-01-30 | Solaredge Technologies Ltd. | Safety mechanisms, wake up and shutdown methods in distributed power installations |
| US11687112B2 (en) | 2006-12-06 | 2023-06-27 | Solaredge Technologies Ltd. | Distributed power harvesting systems using DC power sources |
| US11855231B2 (en) | 2006-12-06 | 2023-12-26 | Solaredge Technologies Ltd. | Distributed power harvesting systems using DC power sources |
| US8384243B2 (en) | 2007-12-04 | 2013-02-26 | Solaredge Technologies Ltd. | Distributed power harvesting systems using DC power sources |
| US8319471B2 (en) | 2006-12-06 | 2012-11-27 | Solaredge, Ltd. | Battery power delivery module |
| US9088178B2 (en) | 2006-12-06 | 2015-07-21 | Solaredge Technologies Ltd | Distributed power harvesting systems using DC power sources |
| US11569659B2 (en) | 2006-12-06 | 2023-01-31 | Solaredge Technologies Ltd. | Distributed power harvesting systems using DC power sources |
| US11309832B2 (en) | 2006-12-06 | 2022-04-19 | Solaredge Technologies Ltd. | Distributed power harvesting systems using DC power sources |
| US8618692B2 (en) | 2007-12-04 | 2013-12-31 | Solaredge Technologies Ltd. | Distributed power system using direct current power sources |
| US8013472B2 (en) | 2006-12-06 | 2011-09-06 | Solaredge, Ltd. | Method for distributed power harvesting using DC power sources |
| US7615875B1 (en) | 2007-02-02 | 2009-11-10 | Sprint Communications Company L.P. | Power system for a telecommunications facility |
| US7688048B2 (en) | 2007-02-21 | 2010-03-30 | American Power Conversion Corporation | 3-phase high power UPS |
| US20090138313A1 (en) | 2007-05-15 | 2009-05-28 | American Power Conversion Corporation | Methods and systems for managing facility power and cooling |
| DE102007027458A1 (en) * | 2007-06-14 | 2008-12-24 | Siemens Ag | inverter network |
| US7781914B2 (en) * | 2007-08-10 | 2010-08-24 | American Power Conversion Corporation | Input and output power modules configured to provide selective power to an uninterruptible power supply |
| US8585882B2 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2013-11-19 | Siemens Water Technologies Llc | Systems and methods for water treatment |
| JP5022209B2 (en) * | 2007-12-25 | 2012-09-12 | パナソニック株式会社 | Power adapter |
| CA2710706C (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2013-03-05 | Clean Current Power Systems Incorporated | Hybrid electric power system with distributed segmented generator/motor |
| US7888818B2 (en) * | 2008-02-22 | 2011-02-15 | Liebert Corporation | Substation based high voltage uninterruptible power supply |
| EP3121922B1 (en) | 2008-05-05 | 2020-03-04 | Solaredge Technologies Ltd. | Direct current power combiner |
| TWI472119B (en) * | 2008-07-23 | 2015-02-01 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | Power supply apparatus |
| EP2254280A1 (en) | 2009-05-19 | 2010-11-24 | Electrolux Home Products Corporation N.V. | Bus control for a domestic appliance |
| US8723362B2 (en) * | 2009-07-24 | 2014-05-13 | Facebook, Inc. | Direct tie-in of a backup power source to motherboards in a server system |
| US8385091B2 (en) | 2009-08-20 | 2013-02-26 | Electric IT Corporation | 3-phase high-power UPS |
| WO2011026047A1 (en) * | 2009-08-28 | 2011-03-03 | Green Plug | High-and low-power power supply with standby power saving features |
| US20110095612A1 (en) * | 2009-10-22 | 2011-04-28 | William Kirkpatrick | Method and apparatus to combine and condition AC power from multiple sources |
| US8446044B2 (en) * | 2009-10-28 | 2013-05-21 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Power conversion and distribution scheme for electronic equipment racks |
| CA2797735A1 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2011-11-03 | Clean Current Limited Partnership | Unidirectional hydro turbine with enhanced duct, blades and generator |
| US8344546B2 (en) | 2010-07-16 | 2013-01-01 | Facebook, Inc. | Power supply unit directly connected to backup direct current power source |
| GB2482114A (en) * | 2010-07-16 | 2012-01-25 | Smarter Energy Systems Ltd | Direct current power transmission grid |
| US10673229B2 (en) | 2010-11-09 | 2020-06-02 | Solaredge Technologies Ltd. | Arc detection and prevention in a power generation system |
| GB2485527B (en) | 2010-11-09 | 2012-12-19 | Solaredge Technologies Ltd | Arc detection and prevention in a power generation system |
| US8853887B2 (en) | 2010-11-12 | 2014-10-07 | Schneider Electric It Corporation | Static bypass switch with built in transfer switch capabilities |
| GB2483317B (en) | 2011-01-12 | 2012-08-22 | Solaredge Technologies Ltd | Serially connected inverters |
| US8803361B2 (en) | 2011-01-19 | 2014-08-12 | Schneider Electric It Corporation | Apparatus and method for providing uninterruptible power |
| US8447434B1 (en) * | 2011-01-26 | 2013-05-21 | Williams-Pyro, Inc. | System and method of dynamic and distributed control with topology discovery in an isolated power grid |
| US8606372B1 (en) * | 2011-01-26 | 2013-12-10 | Williams Pyro, Inc. | System and method of discovering and prioritizing loads in an isolated power grid with dynamic distributed control |
| CN103023128B (en) * | 2011-09-27 | 2016-06-15 | 台达电子企业管理（上海）有限公司 | A kind of power-supply system for UPS server |
| US8816530B2 (en) | 2011-09-29 | 2014-08-26 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | System and method for managing electrical loads in a vehicle |
| AU2011384046A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2014-07-17 | Schneider Electric It Corporation | Analysis of effect of transient events on temperature in a data center |
| GB2498365A (en) | 2012-01-11 | 2013-07-17 | Solaredge Technologies Ltd | Photovoltaic module |
| US9340114B2 (en) | 2012-01-23 | 2016-05-17 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Electric vehicle with transient current management for DC-DC converter |
| GB2498791A (en) | 2012-01-30 | 2013-07-31 | Solaredge Technologies Ltd | Photovoltaic panel circuitry |
| GB2498790A (en) | 2012-01-30 | 2013-07-31 | Solaredge Technologies Ltd | Maximising power in a photovoltaic distributed power system |
| US9853565B2 (en) | 2012-01-30 | 2017-12-26 | Solaredge Technologies Ltd. | Maximized power in a photovoltaic distributed power system |
| TWI475780B (en) * | 2012-08-09 | 2015-03-01 | Giga Byte Tech Co Ltd | Switching power supply device with load balance function |
| US9548619B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2017-01-17 | Solaredge Technologies Ltd. | Method and apparatus for storing and depleting energy |
| US10199950B1 (en) | 2013-07-02 | 2019-02-05 | Vlt, Inc. | Power distribution architecture with series-connected bus converter |
| US11916205B2 (en) | 2013-10-02 | 2024-02-27 | Lt 350, Llc | Energy storage canopy |
| CN206086406U (en) * | 2013-10-02 | 2017-04-12 | Lt350有限公司 | Covering or awning on a car, boat, etc. and solar energy covering or awning on a car, boat, etc |
| US10587015B2 (en) | 2013-10-02 | 2020-03-10 | Lt350, Llc | Energy storage canopy |
| TW201517458A (en) | 2013-10-28 | 2015-05-01 | Yun Shan Chang | Electricity storage device for solar energy harvesting device |
| CN104953609A (en) | 2014-03-27 | 2015-09-30 | 通用电气公司 | DC power transmission system and method |
| KR101677796B1 (en) * | 2014-05-14 | 2016-11-18 | 엘에스산전 주식회사 | High voltage direct current and controlling method thereof |
| CN105576814B (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2018-06-29 | 康舒科技股份有限公司 | DC power supply standby system |
| EP3386451B1 (en) | 2015-12-07 | 2019-09-11 | Trafimet Group S.p.A. | Method and system for accelerated reaction of the darkening of the optical element in a welding protective device |
| DE112015007193T5 (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2018-08-30 | Vacon Oy | A filter arrangement |
| US10122181B2 (en) * | 2016-02-10 | 2018-11-06 | Kong-Chen Chen | System for local DC power distribution |
| US11177663B2 (en) | 2016-04-05 | 2021-11-16 | Solaredge Technologies Ltd. | Chain of power devices |
| US11018623B2 (en) | 2016-04-05 | 2021-05-25 | Solaredge Technologies Ltd. | Safety switch for photovoltaic systems |
| US9966878B2 (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2018-05-08 | Ge Aviation Systems Llc | Method and modular system for a power system architecture |
| US10778002B2 (en) | 2017-01-20 | 2020-09-15 | Kong-Chen Chen | Service panel circuit for automatic AC and DC power distribution |
| FR3065590B1 (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2019-07-05 | Supergrid Institute | DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING A TERMINAL FOR REINSTALLING POWER IN AN INSTALLATION |
| DE102017210521A1 (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2018-12-27 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Assembly for providing output voltages |
| CN108631444A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-10-09 | 国网江苏电力设计咨询有限公司 | Transforming plant DC power supply hierarchical monitoring based on ferric phosphate lithium cell manages system |
| US10886681B2 (en) | 2018-06-11 | 2021-01-05 | Herman Miller, Inc. | Power distribution system with electrical hubs moveable relative to tracks |
| US11824353B2 (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2023-11-21 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | DC power distribution system |
| US11108336B1 (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2021-08-31 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Power converter |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2111326B (en) * | 1981-12-01 | 1985-07-24 | Chloride Group Ltd | No-break power supply |
| JPS61102172A (en) * | 1984-10-23 | 1986-05-20 | Hitachi Ltd | Current type converter utilizing self-extinguishing element |
| US4639714A (en) * | 1984-12-21 | 1987-01-27 | Ferranti Subsea Systems, Ltd. | Combined power and control signal transmission system |
| US4817037A (en) * | 1987-02-13 | 1989-03-28 | International Business Machines Corporation | Data processing system with overlap bus cycle operations |
| US5216357A (en) * | 1987-04-10 | 1993-06-01 | Schlumberger Industries, Inc. | Real time solid state register having battery backup |
| US4998024A (en) * | 1988-04-01 | 1991-03-05 | Vaughn Manufacturing Corporation | Energy controlling system for time shifting electric power use |
| DK0456728T3 (en) * | 1989-02-06 | 1998-02-02 | Boral Johns Perry Ind Pty Ltd | Power supply System |
| EP0409226A3 (en) * | 1989-07-21 | 1993-01-13 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Power supply control system |
| US5117324A (en) * | 1989-11-13 | 1992-05-26 | Exide Electronics | Ups-computer system and method for initiating computer shutdown based on remaining battery time as determined from sensed battery voltage and discharge curves |
| US5006973A (en) * | 1990-03-28 | 1991-04-09 | The Boeing Company | Autotuned resonant power source |
| JPH04190633A (en) * | 1990-11-21 | 1992-07-09 | Hitachi Ltd | Method for operating inverter in parallel and apparatus thereof |
| US5198698A (en) * | 1991-02-11 | 1993-03-30 | Best Power Technology, Inc. | Auxiliary power supply system for providing dc power on demand |
| JP2656684B2 (en) * | 1991-06-12 | 1997-09-24 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Elevator blackout operation device |
-
1991
- 1991-11-27 FR FR9114768A patent/FR2684250B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-11-04 US US07/971,224 patent/US5477091A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-11-17 CA CA002083123A patent/CA2083123A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-11-18 EP EP19920420425 patent/EP0550348B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-11-18 ES ES92420425T patent/ES2099237T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-11-18 DE DE69217641T patent/DE69217641T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-11-26 JP JP31741492A patent/JPH0630535A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108281954A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2018-07-13 | 广州京善电子有限公司 | A kind of power switching apparatus and power supply and distribution of electric power system |
| CN108321787A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2018-07-24 | 广州京善电子有限公司 | A kind of power switching apparatus and power supply and distribution of electric power system |
| CN108321788A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2018-07-24 | 广州京善电子有限公司 | A kind of power switching apparatus and power supply and distribution of electric power system |
| CN108321788B (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2024-06-11 | 广州京善电子有限公司 | Power switching device and power supply and distribution system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2099237T3 (en) | 1997-05-16 |
| EP0550348B1 (en) | 1997-02-26 |
| FR2684250B1 (en) | 1994-04-01 |
| JPH0630535A (en) | 1994-02-04 |
| EP0550348A1 (en) | 1993-07-07 |
| US5477091A (en) | 1995-12-19 |
| FR2684250A1 (en) | 1993-05-28 |
| DE69217641D1 (en) | 1997-04-03 |
| DE69217641T2 (en) | 1997-07-24 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US5477091A (en) | High quality electrical power distribution system | |
| US8212405B2 (en) | Metering assembly and customer load panel for power delivery | |
| Holtz et al. | Multi-inverter UPS system with redundant load sharing control | |
| US6018203A (en) | Apparatus for and method of evenly distributing an electrical load across an n-phase power distribution network | |
| US8363389B2 (en) | Switchboard with UPS and horizontal busbars | |
| US7129599B2 (en) | Dual feed power supply systems with enhanced power quality | |
| CN102624085A (en) | Alternating-current and direction-current (AC-DC) integrated power supply system and DC power supply cabinet | |
| US20120248897A1 (en) | Power distribution systems using distributed current sensing | |
| CN202353309U (en) | AC-DC (alternating current-direct current) integrated power supply system and DC power cabinet | |
| US12034279B2 (en) | Power conversion apparatus and power system | |
| US6538343B1 (en) | Method for reducing the load imposed on a power source, and apparatus for implementing the method | |
| US7049710B2 (en) | Power bus for distributed ride through capability | |
| KR20170003334A (en) | Automatic load transfer switch and control method thereof | |
| CN114793012A (en) | AC-DC hybrid data center power supply system and data center machine room | |
| CN110571905A (en) | Distributed direct-current backup power supply device for station and operation and installation method thereof | |
| RU2215355C1 (en) | No-break power installation for railway automatic-control systems | |
| CN216055748U (en) | Power supply cabinet | |
| CN211880158U (en) | Power supply system | |
| CN210490554U (en) | Intelligent electric power operation power supply system | |
| CN110896248B (en) | Distributed distribution protection self-healing cabinet | |
| Kong et al. | Affordable and reliable power systems | |
| CN111181243A (en) | Power supply system | |
| CN115833349A (en) | PDU controller, source-dividing switching loop and power supply state monitoring method | |
| Yousif et al. | Design of Smart Phone Automatic Switch for Choosing Optimized Power Source of Different Power Sources | |
| Corner et al. | Does a hospital site constitute a hostile environment for microprocessor controlled equipment? |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |