CA2083123A1 - High quality electrical power distribution system - Google Patents
High quality electrical power distribution systemInfo
- Publication number
- CA2083123A1 CA2083123A1 CA002083123A CA2083123A CA2083123A1 CA 2083123 A1 CA2083123 A1 CA 2083123A1 CA 002083123 A CA002083123 A CA 002083123A CA 2083123 A CA2083123 A CA 2083123A CA 2083123 A1 CA2083123 A1 CA 2083123A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- network
- distribution network
- terminal
- module
- terminal modules
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
- H02J1/14—Balancing the load in a network
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00002—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by monitoring
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00032—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
- H02J13/00034—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving an electric power substation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J5/00—Circuit arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks and dc networks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/30—State monitoring, e.g. fault, temperature monitoring, insulator monitoring, corona discharge
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
- Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)
- Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
- Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
- Stand-By Power Supply Arrangements (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
- Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
HIGH QUALITY ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
The system comprises a central module (1) supplying a distribution network, for example formed by a bus (2, 3), with permanent DC power. Terminal modules (4, 5, 6), located near the loads, convert the DC power distributed by the distribution network into DC or AC electrical power adapted to the requirements of each load. A communication bus (12) enables data communication between the various modules.
(Fig. 1)
HIGH QUALITY ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
The system comprises a central module (1) supplying a distribution network, for example formed by a bus (2, 3), with permanent DC power. Terminal modules (4, 5, 6), located near the loads, convert the DC power distributed by the distribution network into DC or AC electrical power adapted to the requirements of each load. A communication bus (12) enables data communication between the various modules.
(Fig. 1)
Description
HIGH QUALITY EIECTRIC~L POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a system for distribution of high quality electrical power -to a plurality of loads from an AC
electrical power distribution network.
An increasingly large number o~ equipment items, for example in the computer and electronic fields, require a high quality electrical power supply, i.e. essentially a power supply that is always available, well-suited to the equipment and insensitive to disturbances.
The availability problem is at present generally solved by means of an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) connected between the AC mains (50 Hz or 60 H2) and the equipment involved~ Power is distributed to the equipment by the UPS in the form of alternating current of preset frequency and amplitude, generally of the same order as those of the initial power network. The UPS
comprises a battery, normally charged by the network, which takes over in the event of network outages for a limited time, about half an hour for example. In the event of network outages of long duration, an electrical generating set or a second power network can, in back-up configuration, be connected to the input of the UPS instead of the network which has become unavailable.
To avoid the costly and cumbersome use of one UPS per item of equipment, a single UPS of suitable power is often provided, associated with a plurality of equipment, or loads, connected in parallel to the output of the VPS. If the power supplied is available, its quality is not always sufficient. Indeed, in this configuration some loads can create disturbances affecting the loads connected in parallel. These reciprocal disturbances can be limited by the use, line-side of each of the equipment items,
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a system for distribution of high quality electrical power -to a plurality of loads from an AC
electrical power distribution network.
An increasingly large number o~ equipment items, for example in the computer and electronic fields, require a high quality electrical power supply, i.e. essentially a power supply that is always available, well-suited to the equipment and insensitive to disturbances.
The availability problem is at present generally solved by means of an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) connected between the AC mains (50 Hz or 60 H2) and the equipment involved~ Power is distributed to the equipment by the UPS in the form of alternating current of preset frequency and amplitude, generally of the same order as those of the initial power network. The UPS
comprises a battery, normally charged by the network, which takes over in the event of network outages for a limited time, about half an hour for example. In the event of network outages of long duration, an electrical generating set or a second power network can, in back-up configuration, be connected to the input of the UPS instead of the network which has become unavailable.
To avoid the costly and cumbersome use of one UPS per item of equipment, a single UPS of suitable power is often provided, associated with a plurality of equipment, or loads, connected in parallel to the output of the VPS. If the power supplied is available, its quality is not always sufficient. Indeed, in this configuration some loads can create disturbances affecting the loads connected in parallel. These reciprocal disturbances can be limited by the use, line-side of each of the equipment items,
2 2~3~ 3 of harmonic filters and/or isolatin~ transformers, which again makes the installation costly and complex.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object o~ the invention is to achieve a high quality electrical power distribution system which does not present these drawbacks.
This object is achieved by the fact that the power distribution system according to the invention comprises a central module converting the alternating current of the AC network into direct current and comprising at least one autonomous back-up DC power source so as to constitute a permanent DC power source, a DC
distribution network connected to the central module, a plurality of terminal modules connected to the DC distribution network, located near the loads to which they are connected and converting the DC current from the DC distribution network into AC or DC current suitable for sald loads, and communication means for communicating data representative of the state of the system at least between each terminal module and the central module.
This system is particularly well suited to distribution of high quality electrical power in an office block or on an industrial or tertiary site. The system comprises a central mo~ule for the block or site, and the DC distribution network, which is for example formed by a bus, makes this power available to each load. One or more terminal modules, of lower power than the central module and therefore of small dimensions, can be provided in each office, each terminal module being suited to the particular requirements of the load, notably in terms of frequency (AC : 50Hz, 60Hz or other; DC) and amplitude (220V or other). A terminal module can be designed for supply of one or more sensitive equipment items. The terminal modules ensure ,. . .
.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object o~ the invention is to achieve a high quality electrical power distribution system which does not present these drawbacks.
This object is achieved by the fact that the power distribution system according to the invention comprises a central module converting the alternating current of the AC network into direct current and comprising at least one autonomous back-up DC power source so as to constitute a permanent DC power source, a DC
distribution network connected to the central module, a plurality of terminal modules connected to the DC distribution network, located near the loads to which they are connected and converting the DC current from the DC distribution network into AC or DC current suitable for sald loads, and communication means for communicating data representative of the state of the system at least between each terminal module and the central module.
This system is particularly well suited to distribution of high quality electrical power in an office block or on an industrial or tertiary site. The system comprises a central mo~ule for the block or site, and the DC distribution network, which is for example formed by a bus, makes this power available to each load. One or more terminal modules, of lower power than the central module and therefore of small dimensions, can be provided in each office, each terminal module being suited to the particular requirements of the load, notably in terms of frequency (AC : 50Hz, 60Hz or other; DC) and amplitude (220V or other). A terminal module can be designed for supply of one or more sensitive equipment items. The terminal modules ensure ,. . .
.
3 ~ 23 totai functional isolation between the loads connected to different terminal modules and guarantee, under normal operating conditions, the quality of the voltage supplied to the load. In practice, each office of a block will be supplied on the one hand by the conventional AC network and on the other hand by the high quality DC network. Such a system has the advantage of being evolutive, the number and type of terminal modules connected to the DC distribution bus being easily able to be modified according to requirements.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Other advantages and features will become more clearly apparent from the following description of illustrative embodiments of the invention, given as non-restrictive examples only and represented in the accompanying drawings in which :
Figure 1 illustrates in very schematic manner a system according to the invention.
Figure 2 represents a particular embodiment of the central module of the system according to figure 1.
Figures 3 and 4 represent two particular embodiments of terminal modules of the system according to figure 1.
Figure 5 represents a connection box for connection of a terminal module to the distribution bus.
Figure 6 illustrates a redundant distribution system.
Figure 7 represents a redundant central module.
Figure 8 illustrates schematically another particular embodim~nt of the system.
~3~3 DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The distribution system illustrated in figure 1 comprises a central module 1 supplying a DC power distribution network. The structure of the DC power distribution network is adapted to suit the layout of the site to be equipped so as to distribute direct current to all the user points, for example to the offices of an office block or to the buildings on an industrial estate. High performances are not required from the DC powex distribution network since it does not participate directly in achieving final quality. For the sake of examples, the structure of the DC power distribution network can be a star, loop, or rake-connected structure, etc...
In the particular embodiment represented in the figures, it is formed by a DC distribution bus schematically represented by two conductors, respectively positive (2) and negative t3). Terminal modules, three (~, 5, 6) of which are represented in figure 1, are connected to the distribution bus.
The central module 1 i5 supplied with electrical power from an AC distribution network 7. An emergency back-up source, for example an electrical generating set 8, can be connected via a switch 9 to the input o~ the central module in case of extended outage of the network 7.
., The central module 1 essentially comprises an AC-DC converter 10 and an autonomous DC power source, in the form of a battery 11, parallel connected to the output of the converter 10. It thus constitutes a permanent DC power source, which is always available. The battery back up time is adapted to suit the conditions of use of the system. This back up time is typically variable between about 1 and 1~0 minutes, the electrical generating set 8 taking over in case of extended outage of the network 7.
. ~``
2~ 23 Near to each user point, the power, in the form of permanently available dlrect current, is transformed locally, individually, into high quality electrical power. This is accomplislled by means of terminal modules, constituted by DC-DC or DC-AC
converters, of suitable power. The function of the terminal modules is on the one hand to generate the high quality voltage suitable for the associated load in terms of amplitude, frequency and distortion ratio notably, and on the other hand to provide functional isolation of the loads from one another.
Conversion of power from a DC network automatically ensures functional isolation between the loads connected load-side of the different converters. The disturbances, harmonics, short-circuits, etc., created by a load are in fact not transmitted line-side to the DC distribution network and can therefore not be transmitted by the DC network to the other loads. The converter moreover guarantees the quality of the power it supplies on the load side even in the presence of disturbances line-side on the DC network.
In the particular embodiment represented in figure 1, the terminal module 4 is a DC-DC converter supplying ~he associated load with DC electrical power, which can be regulated to have a preset amplitude. The terminal modules 5 and 6 are DC-AC
converters supplying respectively single- and three-phase AC
voltages of preset frequency and amplitude.
According to their power and the layout of the building, the terminal modules are installed either in a box or directly in current sockets. A terminal module housed in a connection box can, via a high quality local distribution network, supply a certain number of equipment items located nearby. To prevent downgrading of the quality of the power supplied to the load, this local network must be limited in length, number of feeders and number of protective devices.
6 ~ ,3 Low power terminal modules, for example with a power less than 500VA, can be built into sockets and be fed from a branch distribution bus, connected to the distribution bus by a connection box and concealed in the skirtin~ boards, raised floors or partitions of the premises to be supplied. In some cases, a terminal module can be built directly into a device to be fed.
In all cases, special sockets incompatible with ordinary soc~ets will have to be fitted to prevent inadvertent supply of non sensitive loads by the high quality distribution system.
In a preferred embodiment, the DC voltage applied to the distribution bus by the central module 1 is a non regulated DC
voltage greater than twice the maximum AC voltage that has to be available at output from a terminal module. In the case where this maximum AC voltage is 220V, i.e. of the same order as the voltage normally supplied by the AC distribution network, the DC
voltage applied to the bus is +/- 350V between the conductors 2 and 3. If the DC voltage is lower, bulky and costly auto-transformers have to be used in the DC-AC converters of the terminal modules 4, 5. If on the other hand the DC voltage is of sufficient amplitude, the terminal modules can comprise converters without a transformer.
In figure 1, a communication bus, represented sche~atically by 12, connects the central module 1 to each of the terminal modules 4, 5 and 6. The bus 12 can be formed by any state-of-the-art bidirectional communication bus, for example by field buses marketed under the brand-names BATIBUS and J-BUS. It is thus possible to transfer all the necessary data between modules. A connection 13 enables data to be transferred between the central module 1 and a monitoring device 14, external to the system. The monitoring device 14 can, as an alternative, be connected to the communication bus 12 without passing via the . ~
central module, possibly by means of an interface between the communication bus 12 internal to the system and an external communlcation bus which can be more elaborate. Connections 15, for example constituted by serial communication buses, enable data to be transmitted between each of the terminal modules and the associated loads. A connection 15 can, for example, be connected to a local network server. The terminal modules are in addition e~uipped with various communication means such as indicator lights, contacts, etc.
The communication means thus defined enable communication internal to the system, necessary to coordinate all the components making up the system, to be achieved. This internal communication is preferably completed on the one hand by a communication designed for the load, in audiovisual form (lamps, audio alarms, etc.) and/or electrical form (contacts, serial connections), and on the other hand by a communication designed for the system operator, either local or remote.
The communication bus can be made up of several buses for a large system or be replaced by any other communication means, for example by the use of the carrier current technique, the data to be transmitted then being superposed on the DC current in the distribution bus 2,3.
The monitoring device 1~ can comprise a desk loca~ed near the central module, to enable notably routine or checking operations to be carried out. It can also comprise monitoring devices remotely located, notably on the premises of the system operator to inform the latter in case of a problem arising in the system.
Communication between the central module, local desk and remote monitoring devices can be achieved by any means, for example by means of a bus as represented in figure 1, or by telephonet radio, minitel, etc.
:: . ~ . . . . . .
Figure 2 illustrates in greater detail a particular embodiment of the central module 1. The AC network connected to the module input is a three-phase network Ll, L2, L3, with neutral N. The AC-DC converter 10 is connected to the AC network by means of a switch or circult breaker 16 able to be operated manually or automatically by a control circuit 17 of the central module. The control circuit 17 receives on input signals Vl -to V4 representative of the voltages applied to the module input (at Ll, L2, L3 and N) and applies to control terminals Al to A8 of the converter 10 appropriate control signals to supply the required DC voltages to the distribution bus. The distribution bus comprises a positive conductor 2, a negative conductor 3, and a neutral conductor N connected directly to the neutral of the line-side three-phase network. The converter 10 is designed in such a way as to supply on the conductors 2 and 3 a +/- 350V
voltage symmetrical with respect to the neutral N. This symmetry enables the complexity of the terminal modules to be reduced.
The converter can be controlled by the control circuit 17 50 as to maintain a sine wave current in the line-side AC network. For this purpose, the circuit 17 is Gonnected to current sensors (not represented) measuring the current in the line-side AC
network conductors and compensating any disturbances of the sine wave shape that may occur.
The battery 11 is connected to the distribution bus 2, 3, N by means of a charger-regulator circuit 18 whose control terminals Bl-B2 receive control signals from the control circuit 17. In the absence of a network failure, the batt~ry 11 charges if necessary. The control circuit 17 monitors the battery charge taking account of the voltage at the battery terminals (input Vb of circuit 17) and of the battery charging current (input Ib of circuit 17), so as to limit this current during charging. In the embodiment represented in figure 2, the battery is charged from the DC voltage, but it is naturally possible to perform charging "
,; . :
, :
.
9 21: ~33~ ~3 directly from the AC network using two independent rectifiers, one for charging the battery and the other for supply of the DC
network.
The req~ired power is therefore tapped from the public AC
network, or from another autonomous source 8, by a rectifier, preferably with sine wave tapping in order not to disturb the line-side AC network. This power is partly used locally, in the central module 1, to maintain the battery 11 on charge. Most of this power is supplied to the DC distribution network in the form of DC current made available continuously by the battery.
When a failure o the AC network is detected by the control circuit 17 from the signals applied to its inputs Vl-V4, it causes stopping of the control signals applied to the terminals Al to A6 of the converter lO. The battery ll then supplies the distribution bus via the charger-regulator 18, under the control of the circuit 17, according to the central module output voltages ~inputs V4, VS, V6 of circuit 17). The control signals of terminals A7 and A8 are maintained to continue having a neutral voltage available.
The control circuit 17 also generates data representative of the state of the AC network (comparison of the AC network voltages with progra~mable thresholds), electrical generating set, and central module, and more particularly of oper~tion on an autonomous power source. It notably monitors the battery back-up time from the measurements of Ib, Vb and of the battery temperature, which is supplied to it by a temperature sensor on an input Tb. It generates an end of back-up time pre-alarm signal designed to inform the loads that the autonomous back-up power reserve of the system will soon come to an end. It can also monitor the correct operating state of the charger-regulator, the battery room temperature, and the degree of ageing of the battery. It can also perform anti-intrusion . : .. ::
detection in the technical room where it is located. This data can be transmitted to the terminal modules by the communication bus 12 and to a monitoring device 1~ via the connection 13, the control circu~t 17 being provided with the necessax~
communication interfaces.
In addition, the control circuit 17 receives data from the terminal modules via the communication bus 12 and from the monitoring device 14 via the connection 13 and can process and transmit this data. For example, it can receive a forced switch to battery order, enabling the system to be tested, an anti-intrusion alarm activation order, etc.
A three-phase DC-AC terminal module is represented in greater detail in figure 3. It comprises a control circuit 19 receiving on input signals representative of the DC input voltages (V8 to V10) which are applied to it by the distribution bus, with three wires (2, 3, N) in the particular embodiment represented, signals representative of the AC output voltages (Vll to V13 and V10 for the neutral common to the input and output), signals representative of the output currents (Il to I3) and data which is transmitted to it by the bus 12 and possibly by the connection 15. The control circuit 19 generates from these input signals control signals A9 to A14 for the DC-AC converter and data representative of its state. Data transmission is achieved via suitable communication interfaces included in ~the control circuit 19.
A single-phase DC-AC terminal module is represented in figure 4.
In the same way as the above module, it comprises a control circuit 20 receiving on input signals representative of the DC
input voltages (V14, V15, V17), of the AC output volta~es (V16, V17), and of the output current (I4), and data transmitted by the bus 12 and connection 15. The control circuit 20 generates control signals AlS and A16 for the DC-AC converter and data .:, : :
11 2~$ ~ ~3 representative of its state. As in the previous case, suitable communication interfaces are included in the control circuit 20.
The main data generated by the control circuit of a terminal module concerns :
- Presence and correct operation of the terminal module and of its communication devices belonging to the control circuit. As far as the communication devices are concerned, it monitors notably their power supply and correct addressing. The central module, or external monitoring device, periodically requests each terminal module for information in this respect.
- Presence, within preset tolerance limits, o voltaye load-side of the terminal module.
- Monitoring of the quality level of the high quality voltage, delivered to the load, notably in terms of amplitude, frequency, absence of breaks or distortion.
':
- Presence or absence of overloads load-side of the terminal module, obtained by comparison of the signals representative of the output currents (Il to I3; I4) with preset thresholds, which may be programmable. In the event of an overload, the control circuit of the terminal module can order load-shedding of certain devices which it supplies. ~ -- Presence, within preset tolerance limits, of DC voltage line-side of the terminal module.
- Data (voltages, currents or power) enabling metering of the power delivered by the terminal module. It can generate impulses corresponding to a predetermined quantity of consumed power, for example lKWh.
12 2~S~ ~3 - It also transmits a shutdown request formulated by the load, which enables management of the high quality power at a higher hierarchical level (central module or monitoring device).
In addition, the control cixcuit of a terminal module receives data from the central module, via the communication network, notably when the central module switches over to back-up operation and in the case of an end of back-up time pre-alarm. A
pre-alarm information indicates to the terminal module concerned that it will automatically have to stop after a preset time, for example after 2 minutes, whatever the state of the line-side DC
distribution network. The back-up time assigned to each terminal module when a central module switches over to battery operation can be individualized, according to the load which is associated with it. This individualization can be performed at the level of the monitoring device 14, for example by means of a table indicating the back-up time assigned to each terminal module, which parameter can be modified. In this case, a pre-alarm signal is generated by the central module for each terminal module to inform it that its back-up time will soon come to an end and for all the terminal modules when the battery reaches the end of its back-up time, as a safeguard, in the event of uncontrolled degradation of the battery or incorrect programming of the back-up time o~ a given module. Such a system has a great flexibility of operation and enables the size of the battery to be dimensioned by adding together the individual ~ack-up time requirements of the loads. This leads to a large saving in comparison with simply taking into account a single back-up time, corresponding to the highest back-up time required, applied to all the terminal modules.
According to a preferred embodiment, not represented, a single communication bus of the BATIBUS type constitutes both the bus 12 and the connection 13, connected to the terminal modules and central module and to a substation belonging to the monitoring . .
13 ~ 23 device 14. This substation houses the application software and the software ~or conversation with the other components of the monitoring device 14, for example a remote-operation interface by means of a JBUS type field bus. Several substations can be connected to a single remote-operation interace. The remote-operation interface is connected to various control devices located locally, for example a console or minitel, or remotely, for example by means of the telephone system.
The monitoring device 14 thus enables local or remote setting of the parameters of the high quality power distribution system. It notably enables identification of the various terminal modules, individualization of their back-up times, definition of the data to be considered as events, faults or alarms, and identification of the numbers to be called in the event of an alarm and, possibly, automatic calling of these numbers. It also centralizes the data to be logged and/or transmitted and, in particular, the data concerning operation of the various system components (overload, quality tolerance, etc.) and power metering. The communication interface is also, preferably, connected to a local printer enabling the various events and alarms to be logged with their dates and times.
The monitoring device can also receive external calls to consult the state of the system and, possibly, give it orders, for example on/off of a terminal module o~ a given address, battery test, etc.
The use of filters line-side of each terminal module enables network interference and disturbances between loads to be reduced to a minimum. Figure 5 illustrates a preferred embodiment wherein each terminal module, only one 4 of which is represented, is connected to the distribution bus by means of a connection box 21. The connection box 21 houses a switchgear device, switch 22, enabling the terminal module to be swit~hed -, . ... .. ..
14 ;~$ ~
on or off. This switchgear device can be operated manually or by remote control, for example in the case where a fault has been detected in opera-tion of the terminal module ~, so as to isolate it from the system. The box 21 also houses a low-pass filter 23, for example of the LC type, connected between each of the distribution bus conductors 2 and 3 and the corresponding module input. A protective device, for example a fuse F, is connected in each conductor connecting the distribution bus conductors 2 and 3 and the corresponding input. This protective device may if required be incorporated in the terminal module rather than in the connection box.
. .
To improve the availability of the system from the viewpoint of the loads, redundancy of certain components can be used.
Figure 6 illustrates an example of a redundant distribution system comprising two central modules 1 and la. Each terminal module is connected in parallel to the distribution bus 2, 3, N
and 2a, 3a, N connected to the two central modules by a connection box 24. A switchgear device 25 or 25a, formed by an electromechanical or solid-state circuit breaker or by a fuse, is provided on each of the conductors 2, 3, 2a, 3a of the distribution bus line-side from the first connection boxes 24.
In the event of a malfunction of one of the central modules, the corresponding switchgear device is opened. In the connection box, the positive input (+) of the terminal ~odule 5 is connected, via a fuse F, to the cathode of two diodes Dl and D2 whose anodes are respectively connected to the conductors 2 and 2a. Likewise, the negative input (-) of the terminal module is connected, via a fuse F, to the anode of two diodes D3 and D4 whose respective cathodes are connected to the conductors 3 and 3a. The neutral input (N) of the terminal module is connected to the neutral conductors of the two buses, whereas its communication input is connected to the communication buses 12 and 12a associated with the two central modules by means of a ;~$3~ ;~3 suitable inter~ace 26, which may be integrated in the terminal module. Switches similar to the switches 22 of the connection box 21 in figure 5 can be provided in the box 24 to isolate the terminal module from the two distribution buses. Likewise filters are preferably provided in the connection box or integrated in the terminal module.
The redundancy principle can be applied to other system components. A redundant system can thus be achieved comprising a single central module only, but whose distribution bus is doubled at its output from the central module to provide two distribution buses to which the terminal modules are connected in the same way as in figure 6.
Redundancy can also be used inside the central module, as represented in figure 7, notably for maintenance purposes. Two converters 10 and lOa are supplied by the same input AC network Ll, L2, L3, N. Their outputs are connected in parallel by means of diodes D5 to D8 to supply a single distribution bus 2, 3, N.
The central module 27 represented comprises a single battery 11 connected by means of two charger-regulator circuits 18 and 18a respectively to the outputs of two converters 10 and lOa, line-side from their connection to the distribution ~us.
The availability of the redundant central module in ~igure 7 can be further improved by the use in the module of t~o batteries supplied separately, one by the converter 10 and the other by the converter lOa.
The system can, in addition, comprise a synchronization link (figure 8) connecting a time base, acting as synchronization source 29, to each of the terminal modules comprising a DC-AC
converter. Physically this time base 29 can if required be located in the central module 1. The central module 1 sends to éach of the terminal modules comprising a DC-AC converter~ data, 16 ~ 3 via the communication bus 12, enabling it to synchronize on the synchronization signals supplied by the source 29, with a phase shift adapted to suit each of the converters. The central module can thus distribute over time the current peaks absorbed by the different converters on the DC distribution bus, which enables the by-pass capacitors to be reduced to a minimum.
To increase the availability of the system, lt is possible to provide a back-up contactor 30 associated with each DC-AC
converter. The input of the back-up contactors 30 is connected by a connecting line 31 to an AC voltage source, not represented. This AC voltage source can be formed by the output of a conventional UPS connected to the AC network. The output of a back-up contactor 30 is connected, in parallel with the output of the associated converter, to the input of the associated load 32. The back-up contactor 30 is controlled by the control circuit of the associated terminal module, taking into account the synchronization signals and the data supplied to the control circuit by the communication bus 12, so as to synchronize in the most suitable manner switching of the power supply of the load 32 from the terminal module to the back-up contactor or vice-versa. It is thus possible to deal with brief overloads or back~
up the converter in case of failure. The back-up contactors are preferably static contactors, which are faster than electro-magnetic contactors.
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. . :
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Other advantages and features will become more clearly apparent from the following description of illustrative embodiments of the invention, given as non-restrictive examples only and represented in the accompanying drawings in which :
Figure 1 illustrates in very schematic manner a system according to the invention.
Figure 2 represents a particular embodiment of the central module of the system according to figure 1.
Figures 3 and 4 represent two particular embodiments of terminal modules of the system according to figure 1.
Figure 5 represents a connection box for connection of a terminal module to the distribution bus.
Figure 6 illustrates a redundant distribution system.
Figure 7 represents a redundant central module.
Figure 8 illustrates schematically another particular embodim~nt of the system.
~3~3 DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The distribution system illustrated in figure 1 comprises a central module 1 supplying a DC power distribution network. The structure of the DC power distribution network is adapted to suit the layout of the site to be equipped so as to distribute direct current to all the user points, for example to the offices of an office block or to the buildings on an industrial estate. High performances are not required from the DC powex distribution network since it does not participate directly in achieving final quality. For the sake of examples, the structure of the DC power distribution network can be a star, loop, or rake-connected structure, etc...
In the particular embodiment represented in the figures, it is formed by a DC distribution bus schematically represented by two conductors, respectively positive (2) and negative t3). Terminal modules, three (~, 5, 6) of which are represented in figure 1, are connected to the distribution bus.
The central module 1 i5 supplied with electrical power from an AC distribution network 7. An emergency back-up source, for example an electrical generating set 8, can be connected via a switch 9 to the input o~ the central module in case of extended outage of the network 7.
., The central module 1 essentially comprises an AC-DC converter 10 and an autonomous DC power source, in the form of a battery 11, parallel connected to the output of the converter 10. It thus constitutes a permanent DC power source, which is always available. The battery back up time is adapted to suit the conditions of use of the system. This back up time is typically variable between about 1 and 1~0 minutes, the electrical generating set 8 taking over in case of extended outage of the network 7.
. ~``
2~ 23 Near to each user point, the power, in the form of permanently available dlrect current, is transformed locally, individually, into high quality electrical power. This is accomplislled by means of terminal modules, constituted by DC-DC or DC-AC
converters, of suitable power. The function of the terminal modules is on the one hand to generate the high quality voltage suitable for the associated load in terms of amplitude, frequency and distortion ratio notably, and on the other hand to provide functional isolation of the loads from one another.
Conversion of power from a DC network automatically ensures functional isolation between the loads connected load-side of the different converters. The disturbances, harmonics, short-circuits, etc., created by a load are in fact not transmitted line-side to the DC distribution network and can therefore not be transmitted by the DC network to the other loads. The converter moreover guarantees the quality of the power it supplies on the load side even in the presence of disturbances line-side on the DC network.
In the particular embodiment represented in figure 1, the terminal module 4 is a DC-DC converter supplying ~he associated load with DC electrical power, which can be regulated to have a preset amplitude. The terminal modules 5 and 6 are DC-AC
converters supplying respectively single- and three-phase AC
voltages of preset frequency and amplitude.
According to their power and the layout of the building, the terminal modules are installed either in a box or directly in current sockets. A terminal module housed in a connection box can, via a high quality local distribution network, supply a certain number of equipment items located nearby. To prevent downgrading of the quality of the power supplied to the load, this local network must be limited in length, number of feeders and number of protective devices.
6 ~ ,3 Low power terminal modules, for example with a power less than 500VA, can be built into sockets and be fed from a branch distribution bus, connected to the distribution bus by a connection box and concealed in the skirtin~ boards, raised floors or partitions of the premises to be supplied. In some cases, a terminal module can be built directly into a device to be fed.
In all cases, special sockets incompatible with ordinary soc~ets will have to be fitted to prevent inadvertent supply of non sensitive loads by the high quality distribution system.
In a preferred embodiment, the DC voltage applied to the distribution bus by the central module 1 is a non regulated DC
voltage greater than twice the maximum AC voltage that has to be available at output from a terminal module. In the case where this maximum AC voltage is 220V, i.e. of the same order as the voltage normally supplied by the AC distribution network, the DC
voltage applied to the bus is +/- 350V between the conductors 2 and 3. If the DC voltage is lower, bulky and costly auto-transformers have to be used in the DC-AC converters of the terminal modules 4, 5. If on the other hand the DC voltage is of sufficient amplitude, the terminal modules can comprise converters without a transformer.
In figure 1, a communication bus, represented sche~atically by 12, connects the central module 1 to each of the terminal modules 4, 5 and 6. The bus 12 can be formed by any state-of-the-art bidirectional communication bus, for example by field buses marketed under the brand-names BATIBUS and J-BUS. It is thus possible to transfer all the necessary data between modules. A connection 13 enables data to be transferred between the central module 1 and a monitoring device 14, external to the system. The monitoring device 14 can, as an alternative, be connected to the communication bus 12 without passing via the . ~
central module, possibly by means of an interface between the communication bus 12 internal to the system and an external communlcation bus which can be more elaborate. Connections 15, for example constituted by serial communication buses, enable data to be transmitted between each of the terminal modules and the associated loads. A connection 15 can, for example, be connected to a local network server. The terminal modules are in addition e~uipped with various communication means such as indicator lights, contacts, etc.
The communication means thus defined enable communication internal to the system, necessary to coordinate all the components making up the system, to be achieved. This internal communication is preferably completed on the one hand by a communication designed for the load, in audiovisual form (lamps, audio alarms, etc.) and/or electrical form (contacts, serial connections), and on the other hand by a communication designed for the system operator, either local or remote.
The communication bus can be made up of several buses for a large system or be replaced by any other communication means, for example by the use of the carrier current technique, the data to be transmitted then being superposed on the DC current in the distribution bus 2,3.
The monitoring device 1~ can comprise a desk loca~ed near the central module, to enable notably routine or checking operations to be carried out. It can also comprise monitoring devices remotely located, notably on the premises of the system operator to inform the latter in case of a problem arising in the system.
Communication between the central module, local desk and remote monitoring devices can be achieved by any means, for example by means of a bus as represented in figure 1, or by telephonet radio, minitel, etc.
:: . ~ . . . . . .
Figure 2 illustrates in greater detail a particular embodiment of the central module 1. The AC network connected to the module input is a three-phase network Ll, L2, L3, with neutral N. The AC-DC converter 10 is connected to the AC network by means of a switch or circult breaker 16 able to be operated manually or automatically by a control circuit 17 of the central module. The control circuit 17 receives on input signals Vl -to V4 representative of the voltages applied to the module input (at Ll, L2, L3 and N) and applies to control terminals Al to A8 of the converter 10 appropriate control signals to supply the required DC voltages to the distribution bus. The distribution bus comprises a positive conductor 2, a negative conductor 3, and a neutral conductor N connected directly to the neutral of the line-side three-phase network. The converter 10 is designed in such a way as to supply on the conductors 2 and 3 a +/- 350V
voltage symmetrical with respect to the neutral N. This symmetry enables the complexity of the terminal modules to be reduced.
The converter can be controlled by the control circuit 17 50 as to maintain a sine wave current in the line-side AC network. For this purpose, the circuit 17 is Gonnected to current sensors (not represented) measuring the current in the line-side AC
network conductors and compensating any disturbances of the sine wave shape that may occur.
The battery 11 is connected to the distribution bus 2, 3, N by means of a charger-regulator circuit 18 whose control terminals Bl-B2 receive control signals from the control circuit 17. In the absence of a network failure, the batt~ry 11 charges if necessary. The control circuit 17 monitors the battery charge taking account of the voltage at the battery terminals (input Vb of circuit 17) and of the battery charging current (input Ib of circuit 17), so as to limit this current during charging. In the embodiment represented in figure 2, the battery is charged from the DC voltage, but it is naturally possible to perform charging "
,; . :
, :
.
9 21: ~33~ ~3 directly from the AC network using two independent rectifiers, one for charging the battery and the other for supply of the DC
network.
The req~ired power is therefore tapped from the public AC
network, or from another autonomous source 8, by a rectifier, preferably with sine wave tapping in order not to disturb the line-side AC network. This power is partly used locally, in the central module 1, to maintain the battery 11 on charge. Most of this power is supplied to the DC distribution network in the form of DC current made available continuously by the battery.
When a failure o the AC network is detected by the control circuit 17 from the signals applied to its inputs Vl-V4, it causes stopping of the control signals applied to the terminals Al to A6 of the converter lO. The battery ll then supplies the distribution bus via the charger-regulator 18, under the control of the circuit 17, according to the central module output voltages ~inputs V4, VS, V6 of circuit 17). The control signals of terminals A7 and A8 are maintained to continue having a neutral voltage available.
The control circuit 17 also generates data representative of the state of the AC network (comparison of the AC network voltages with progra~mable thresholds), electrical generating set, and central module, and more particularly of oper~tion on an autonomous power source. It notably monitors the battery back-up time from the measurements of Ib, Vb and of the battery temperature, which is supplied to it by a temperature sensor on an input Tb. It generates an end of back-up time pre-alarm signal designed to inform the loads that the autonomous back-up power reserve of the system will soon come to an end. It can also monitor the correct operating state of the charger-regulator, the battery room temperature, and the degree of ageing of the battery. It can also perform anti-intrusion . : .. ::
detection in the technical room where it is located. This data can be transmitted to the terminal modules by the communication bus 12 and to a monitoring device 1~ via the connection 13, the control circu~t 17 being provided with the necessax~
communication interfaces.
In addition, the control circuit 17 receives data from the terminal modules via the communication bus 12 and from the monitoring device 14 via the connection 13 and can process and transmit this data. For example, it can receive a forced switch to battery order, enabling the system to be tested, an anti-intrusion alarm activation order, etc.
A three-phase DC-AC terminal module is represented in greater detail in figure 3. It comprises a control circuit 19 receiving on input signals representative of the DC input voltages (V8 to V10) which are applied to it by the distribution bus, with three wires (2, 3, N) in the particular embodiment represented, signals representative of the AC output voltages (Vll to V13 and V10 for the neutral common to the input and output), signals representative of the output currents (Il to I3) and data which is transmitted to it by the bus 12 and possibly by the connection 15. The control circuit 19 generates from these input signals control signals A9 to A14 for the DC-AC converter and data representative of its state. Data transmission is achieved via suitable communication interfaces included in ~the control circuit 19.
A single-phase DC-AC terminal module is represented in figure 4.
In the same way as the above module, it comprises a control circuit 20 receiving on input signals representative of the DC
input voltages (V14, V15, V17), of the AC output volta~es (V16, V17), and of the output current (I4), and data transmitted by the bus 12 and connection 15. The control circuit 20 generates control signals AlS and A16 for the DC-AC converter and data .:, : :
11 2~$ ~ ~3 representative of its state. As in the previous case, suitable communication interfaces are included in the control circuit 20.
The main data generated by the control circuit of a terminal module concerns :
- Presence and correct operation of the terminal module and of its communication devices belonging to the control circuit. As far as the communication devices are concerned, it monitors notably their power supply and correct addressing. The central module, or external monitoring device, periodically requests each terminal module for information in this respect.
- Presence, within preset tolerance limits, o voltaye load-side of the terminal module.
- Monitoring of the quality level of the high quality voltage, delivered to the load, notably in terms of amplitude, frequency, absence of breaks or distortion.
':
- Presence or absence of overloads load-side of the terminal module, obtained by comparison of the signals representative of the output currents (Il to I3; I4) with preset thresholds, which may be programmable. In the event of an overload, the control circuit of the terminal module can order load-shedding of certain devices which it supplies. ~ -- Presence, within preset tolerance limits, of DC voltage line-side of the terminal module.
- Data (voltages, currents or power) enabling metering of the power delivered by the terminal module. It can generate impulses corresponding to a predetermined quantity of consumed power, for example lKWh.
12 2~S~ ~3 - It also transmits a shutdown request formulated by the load, which enables management of the high quality power at a higher hierarchical level (central module or monitoring device).
In addition, the control cixcuit of a terminal module receives data from the central module, via the communication network, notably when the central module switches over to back-up operation and in the case of an end of back-up time pre-alarm. A
pre-alarm information indicates to the terminal module concerned that it will automatically have to stop after a preset time, for example after 2 minutes, whatever the state of the line-side DC
distribution network. The back-up time assigned to each terminal module when a central module switches over to battery operation can be individualized, according to the load which is associated with it. This individualization can be performed at the level of the monitoring device 14, for example by means of a table indicating the back-up time assigned to each terminal module, which parameter can be modified. In this case, a pre-alarm signal is generated by the central module for each terminal module to inform it that its back-up time will soon come to an end and for all the terminal modules when the battery reaches the end of its back-up time, as a safeguard, in the event of uncontrolled degradation of the battery or incorrect programming of the back-up time o~ a given module. Such a system has a great flexibility of operation and enables the size of the battery to be dimensioned by adding together the individual ~ack-up time requirements of the loads. This leads to a large saving in comparison with simply taking into account a single back-up time, corresponding to the highest back-up time required, applied to all the terminal modules.
According to a preferred embodiment, not represented, a single communication bus of the BATIBUS type constitutes both the bus 12 and the connection 13, connected to the terminal modules and central module and to a substation belonging to the monitoring . .
13 ~ 23 device 14. This substation houses the application software and the software ~or conversation with the other components of the monitoring device 14, for example a remote-operation interface by means of a JBUS type field bus. Several substations can be connected to a single remote-operation interace. The remote-operation interface is connected to various control devices located locally, for example a console or minitel, or remotely, for example by means of the telephone system.
The monitoring device 14 thus enables local or remote setting of the parameters of the high quality power distribution system. It notably enables identification of the various terminal modules, individualization of their back-up times, definition of the data to be considered as events, faults or alarms, and identification of the numbers to be called in the event of an alarm and, possibly, automatic calling of these numbers. It also centralizes the data to be logged and/or transmitted and, in particular, the data concerning operation of the various system components (overload, quality tolerance, etc.) and power metering. The communication interface is also, preferably, connected to a local printer enabling the various events and alarms to be logged with their dates and times.
The monitoring device can also receive external calls to consult the state of the system and, possibly, give it orders, for example on/off of a terminal module o~ a given address, battery test, etc.
The use of filters line-side of each terminal module enables network interference and disturbances between loads to be reduced to a minimum. Figure 5 illustrates a preferred embodiment wherein each terminal module, only one 4 of which is represented, is connected to the distribution bus by means of a connection box 21. The connection box 21 houses a switchgear device, switch 22, enabling the terminal module to be swit~hed -, . ... .. ..
14 ;~$ ~
on or off. This switchgear device can be operated manually or by remote control, for example in the case where a fault has been detected in opera-tion of the terminal module ~, so as to isolate it from the system. The box 21 also houses a low-pass filter 23, for example of the LC type, connected between each of the distribution bus conductors 2 and 3 and the corresponding module input. A protective device, for example a fuse F, is connected in each conductor connecting the distribution bus conductors 2 and 3 and the corresponding input. This protective device may if required be incorporated in the terminal module rather than in the connection box.
. .
To improve the availability of the system from the viewpoint of the loads, redundancy of certain components can be used.
Figure 6 illustrates an example of a redundant distribution system comprising two central modules 1 and la. Each terminal module is connected in parallel to the distribution bus 2, 3, N
and 2a, 3a, N connected to the two central modules by a connection box 24. A switchgear device 25 or 25a, formed by an electromechanical or solid-state circuit breaker or by a fuse, is provided on each of the conductors 2, 3, 2a, 3a of the distribution bus line-side from the first connection boxes 24.
In the event of a malfunction of one of the central modules, the corresponding switchgear device is opened. In the connection box, the positive input (+) of the terminal ~odule 5 is connected, via a fuse F, to the cathode of two diodes Dl and D2 whose anodes are respectively connected to the conductors 2 and 2a. Likewise, the negative input (-) of the terminal module is connected, via a fuse F, to the anode of two diodes D3 and D4 whose respective cathodes are connected to the conductors 3 and 3a. The neutral input (N) of the terminal module is connected to the neutral conductors of the two buses, whereas its communication input is connected to the communication buses 12 and 12a associated with the two central modules by means of a ;~$3~ ;~3 suitable inter~ace 26, which may be integrated in the terminal module. Switches similar to the switches 22 of the connection box 21 in figure 5 can be provided in the box 24 to isolate the terminal module from the two distribution buses. Likewise filters are preferably provided in the connection box or integrated in the terminal module.
The redundancy principle can be applied to other system components. A redundant system can thus be achieved comprising a single central module only, but whose distribution bus is doubled at its output from the central module to provide two distribution buses to which the terminal modules are connected in the same way as in figure 6.
Redundancy can also be used inside the central module, as represented in figure 7, notably for maintenance purposes. Two converters 10 and lOa are supplied by the same input AC network Ll, L2, L3, N. Their outputs are connected in parallel by means of diodes D5 to D8 to supply a single distribution bus 2, 3, N.
The central module 27 represented comprises a single battery 11 connected by means of two charger-regulator circuits 18 and 18a respectively to the outputs of two converters 10 and lOa, line-side from their connection to the distribution ~us.
The availability of the redundant central module in ~igure 7 can be further improved by the use in the module of t~o batteries supplied separately, one by the converter 10 and the other by the converter lOa.
The system can, in addition, comprise a synchronization link (figure 8) connecting a time base, acting as synchronization source 29, to each of the terminal modules comprising a DC-AC
converter. Physically this time base 29 can if required be located in the central module 1. The central module 1 sends to éach of the terminal modules comprising a DC-AC converter~ data, 16 ~ 3 via the communication bus 12, enabling it to synchronize on the synchronization signals supplied by the source 29, with a phase shift adapted to suit each of the converters. The central module can thus distribute over time the current peaks absorbed by the different converters on the DC distribution bus, which enables the by-pass capacitors to be reduced to a minimum.
To increase the availability of the system, lt is possible to provide a back-up contactor 30 associated with each DC-AC
converter. The input of the back-up contactors 30 is connected by a connecting line 31 to an AC voltage source, not represented. This AC voltage source can be formed by the output of a conventional UPS connected to the AC network. The output of a back-up contactor 30 is connected, in parallel with the output of the associated converter, to the input of the associated load 32. The back-up contactor 30 is controlled by the control circuit of the associated terminal module, taking into account the synchronization signals and the data supplied to the control circuit by the communication bus 12, so as to synchronize in the most suitable manner switching of the power supply of the load 32 from the terminal module to the back-up contactor or vice-versa. It is thus possible to deal with brief overloads or back~
up the converter in case of failure. The back-up contactors are preferably static contactors, which are faster than electro-magnetic contactors.
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. . :
Claims (14)
1. A system for distribution of high quality electrical power to a plurality of loads from an AC electrical power distribution network (7), characterized in that it comprises a central module (1) converting the alternating current of the AC network into direct current and comprising at least one autonomous back-up DC
power source (11) so as to constitute a permanent DC power source, a DC distribution network (2, 3, N) connected to the central module (1), a plurality of terminal modules (4, 5, 6) connected to the DC distribution network, located near the loads (32) to which they are connected and converting the DC current from the DC distribution network into AC (5, 6) or DC (4) current suitable for said loads (32), and communication means (12) for communicating data representative of the state of the system at least between each terminal module (4, 5, 6) and the central module (1).
power source (11) so as to constitute a permanent DC power source, a DC distribution network (2, 3, N) connected to the central module (1), a plurality of terminal modules (4, 5, 6) connected to the DC distribution network, located near the loads (32) to which they are connected and converting the DC current from the DC distribution network into AC (5, 6) or DC (4) current suitable for said loads (32), and communication means (12) for communicating data representative of the state of the system at least between each terminal module (4, 5, 6) and the central module (1).
2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the central module (1) supplies a symmetrical DC voltage with respect to a neutral (N) of the AC network, the DC distribution network comprising three conductors (2, 3, N) including a neutral conductor (N) directly connected to the AC network neutral.
3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that each terminal module (4, 5, 6) is connected to the DC distribution network (2, 3, N) by means of an associated connection box (21) containing low-pass filters (23) and means (F) for protection against short-circuits.
4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the communication means comprise a communication bus (12) distinct from the DC distribution network (2, 3, N).
5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that communication is achieved by means of carrier currents superposed on the direct current on the DC distribution network (2, 3, N).
6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the data representative of the state of the system comprise data indicating operation of the central module (1) from the autonomous power source (11) and an end of back-up time pre-alarm signal.
7. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that the end of back-up time pre-alarm signal is representative of the end of back-up time of the autonomous back-up DC power source (11).
8. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that the pre-alarm signal is representative of the end of back-up time of one of the terminal modules, a predetermined back-up time being assigned to each of the terminal modules.
9. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the data representative of the state of the system comprise data representative of the presence and correct operation of the terminal modules (4, 5, 6).
10. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the data representative of the state of the system comprise data representative of the presence, within preset tolerances, of a voltage line-side of the terminal modules (4, 5, 6) and of voltage and current load-side of the terminal modules.
11. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the data representative of the state of the system comprise data concerning metering of the power delivered by each terminal module (4, 5, 6) to the associated load.
12. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the communication means are connected to a centralized monitoring device (14) external to the system.
14. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the DC distribution network is a bus.
14. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises synchronization means (28, 29) connected to the terminal modules converting the direct current into alternating current.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9114768 | 1991-11-27 | ||
FR9114768A FR2684250B1 (en) | 1991-11-27 | 1991-11-27 | HIGH QUALITY ELECTRICAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2083123A1 true CA2083123A1 (en) | 1993-05-28 |
Family
ID=9419480
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA002083123A Abandoned CA2083123A1 (en) | 1991-11-27 | 1992-11-17 | High quality electrical power distribution system |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5477091A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0550348B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH0630535A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2083123A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69217641T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2099237T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2684250B1 (en) |
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CN108321787A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2018-07-24 | 广州京善电子有限公司 | A kind of power switching apparatus and power supply and distribution of electric power system |
CN108321788A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2018-07-24 | 广州京善电子有限公司 | A kind of power switching apparatus and power supply and distribution of electric power system |
CN108321788B (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2024-06-11 | 广州京善电子有限公司 | Power switching device and power supply and distribution system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ES2099237T3 (en) | 1997-05-16 |
EP0550348B1 (en) | 1997-02-26 |
FR2684250B1 (en) | 1994-04-01 |
JPH0630535A (en) | 1994-02-04 |
EP0550348A1 (en) | 1993-07-07 |
US5477091A (en) | 1995-12-19 |
FR2684250A1 (en) | 1993-05-28 |
DE69217641D1 (en) | 1997-04-03 |
DE69217641T2 (en) | 1997-07-24 |
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