CA2051592C - Method and apparatus for the adsorption or chemisorption of gaseous components of a gas stream - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for the adsorption or chemisorption of gaseous components of a gas stream Download PDFInfo
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- CA2051592C CA2051592C CA002051592A CA2051592A CA2051592C CA 2051592 C CA2051592 C CA 2051592C CA 002051592 A CA002051592 A CA 002051592A CA 2051592 A CA2051592 A CA 2051592A CA 2051592 C CA2051592 C CA 2051592C
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/06—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with moving adsorbents, e.g. rotating beds
- B01D53/10—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with moving adsorbents, e.g. rotating beds with dispersed adsorbents
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- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
- Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
Abstract
A method and a device are provided for the adsorption and chemisorption, respectively, of gaseous components out of a gas stream. The dust return is achieved within a fabric filter. A combination comprising a nozzle and a trap shaft are disposed in the lower part of the fabric filter. Thereby both a changeable gas return as well as a dust return changeable and variable over wide ranges can be effected. This method is performed in a total filter plant with several filter chambers. One of the filter chambers is alternatingly cleaned for the discharge of the reaction products and simultaneously at least one filter chamber is operated in on-line operation.
Description
._ ~_ 2 0 5 1 5 9 Z
METHOD AND APPARATUS FO:R THE ADSORPTION OR
CHEMISORPTION OF GASEOUS COMfPONENTS OF A GAS STREAM
The invention relates to a process and a~n apparatus for the adsorption or chemisorption of gaseous materials from a raw gas stream through the addition of dry adsorbents or of adsorbents which may have characteristics that cause a chemical reaction with the adsorbed gas components, in which the raw gas and the fresh adsorbent are supplied to a separation apparatus having a plurality of cloth filter chambers in the form of tube filters, such chambers being locations where a dust return process takes place with a recirculation of from 20 to 80 times the infeed of fresh adsorbent, and in the tube filter a part of the gas is maintained in circulation by means of an entrapment shaft with a nozzle., whereby separated dust takes part in the recirculation.
With a process of this kind, the degree of utilization for the adsorbent in the dry-process is increased, with the least possible expense and the avoidance of complicated and costly apparatus for the dust return. This process and an apparatus for carrying out the process are described in DE-OS 38 O1 913 and DE-OS 38 06 862. These relate to the adsorption or chemisorption of gaseous materials from a gas stream. An important process characteristic is the dust return within a cloth filter, the dust return being assured by the provision, in the lower portion of a cloth filter, of a combination of a nozzle and an entrapment shaft, in which both an adjustable gas return cycle and a largely adjustable dust return cycle can be carried out.
Both the process and the apparatus have: shortcomings which will be more fully described below in relation to the state of the art.
The object of one aspect of this invention is to avoid the disadvantages of the known process and apparatus, while maintaining the desired degree of dust return and discharging the used adsorbent out of the process, and at the same time further reducing the cost of manufacture for the apparatus.
This object is attained in that, in order t:o separate the reaction products, one of the filter chambers is alternately cleaned in an off line operation, while at the same time at least one filter chamber is in on-line operation.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FO:R THE ADSORPTION OR
CHEMISORPTION OF GASEOUS COMfPONENTS OF A GAS STREAM
The invention relates to a process and a~n apparatus for the adsorption or chemisorption of gaseous materials from a raw gas stream through the addition of dry adsorbents or of adsorbents which may have characteristics that cause a chemical reaction with the adsorbed gas components, in which the raw gas and the fresh adsorbent are supplied to a separation apparatus having a plurality of cloth filter chambers in the form of tube filters, such chambers being locations where a dust return process takes place with a recirculation of from 20 to 80 times the infeed of fresh adsorbent, and in the tube filter a part of the gas is maintained in circulation by means of an entrapment shaft with a nozzle., whereby separated dust takes part in the recirculation.
With a process of this kind, the degree of utilization for the adsorbent in the dry-process is increased, with the least possible expense and the avoidance of complicated and costly apparatus for the dust return. This process and an apparatus for carrying out the process are described in DE-OS 38 O1 913 and DE-OS 38 06 862. These relate to the adsorption or chemisorption of gaseous materials from a gas stream. An important process characteristic is the dust return within a cloth filter, the dust return being assured by the provision, in the lower portion of a cloth filter, of a combination of a nozzle and an entrapment shaft, in which both an adjustable gas return cycle and a largely adjustable dust return cycle can be carried out.
Both the process and the apparatus have: shortcomings which will be more fully described below in relation to the state of the art.
The object of one aspect of this invention is to avoid the disadvantages of the known process and apparatus, while maintaining the desired degree of dust return and discharging the used adsorbent out of the process, and at the same time further reducing the cost of manufacture for the apparatus.
This object is attained in that, in order t:o separate the reaction products, one of the filter chambers is alternately cleaned in an off line operation, while at the same time at least one filter chamber is in on-line operation.
As a further refinement of the process it is proposed that, for the off line phase of a filter chamber, the corresponding i:nfeed of raw gas and the discharge of clean gas are stopped, and during this time all or a portion of the tubes in the filter chamber are cleaned. In this way, in order to maintain the selected ratio of dust-return to fresh adsorbent, the cycle of the off line/on-line operation is so selected that, during the cleaning of a particular portion of the tubular cloth filters in one chamber, the amount of dust discharged is the same as the amount of fresh adsorbent supplied during the time of the on-line operation.
More particularly, this invention provides a method for sorptive separation of gaseous materials out of a raw gas stream comprising forming a separator structure including a first filter chamber operating as a first fabric bag filter collector and including a second filter chamber operating as a second fabric bag filter collector;
opening a first valve lock;
feeding a raw gas mixture after passing the opened first valve lock from a bottom into a first pipe extending vertically;
adding dusty adsorbent and recycled dusty adsorbent dust after separation and cleaning of the recycled dusty adsorbent to the raw gas mixture moving in upward direction in the first vertically extending pipe;
accelerating the raw gas stream in a first neck forming a first nozzle at an upper end of the first pipe extending vertically;
feeding the raw gas mixture and the dusty adsorbent to the first filter chamber including a plurality of fabric filter compartments;
maintaining a part of the raw gas mixture in the first fabric bag filter collector by passing the raw gas mixture through a first trap shaft after accelerating with the first nozzle;
opening a second valve lock;
feeding a raw gas mixture after passing the opened second valve lock from a bottom into a second pipe extending vertically;
adding dusty adsorbent and recycled dusty adsorbent after separation and cleaning of the recycled dusty adsorbent to the raw gas mixture moving in upward direction in the second vertically extending pipe;
_2051592 2a accelerating the raw gas stream in a second neck forming a second nozzle at an upper end of the second pipe extending vertically:
feeding the raw gas mixture and the fresh dusty adsorbent to the second filter chamber including a plurality of fabric filter compartments;
maintaining a part of the raw gas mixture in the second fabric bag filter collector by passing the raw gas mixture through a second trap shaft after accelerating with the second nozzle;
closing the first valve lock;
stopping the feeding of the raw gas rr~ixture to the bottom of the first pipe extending vertically;
closing a first output valve connected to a first output of the first filter chamber;
subjecting the first filter chamber to a cleaning while said first filter chamber is off line for the separation operation from the; raw gas stream;
separating the reaction product including the dusty adsorbent and the adsorbed material out of the first filter chamber by extracting said reaction product from the filter bags and by passing said reaction product downwardly through the first neck and a dusty adsorbent outlet, and operating simultaneously the second filter chamber in on-line operation, wherein all the dusty adsorbent falling from the filter bags during gas infeeding is put into circulation; and employing a dusty adsorbent return by recirculating a volume from about 20 to 80 times more recycled adsorbent from the first filter chamber as compared to the weight of the fresh adsorbent added to the process per time unit.
Further, this invention provides a method for adsorption or chemisorption of gaseous materials out of a raw gas stream by reacting of dusty adsorbent with gas components to be adsorbed, wherein the raw gas and dusty adsorbent are fed to a separator structure with a filter chamber formed as a bag filter collector, wherein a trap shaft is disposed in the filter chamber, wherein a dusty adsorbent return is performed with a recirculation of from about a 20 to 80-fold amount relative to the amount of the employed fresh dusty adsorbent :in the filter chamber, wherein a part of the raw gas is maintained in circulation in the fabric bag filter of the bag filter collector by way of the trap shaft with a nozzle, wherein the nozzle is disposed n r. 205 1 5 92 2b below the trap shaft in order for the dusty adsorbent to fall onto the inclined floor toward the nozzle such that substantially all the dust falling from the bags during gas infeeding is put into circulation in the filter chamber and wherein upon switching off of the feeding of raw gas and of dusty adsorbe;nt the separated dusty adsorbent in the filter chamber is extracted from the filter bag through said nozzle and is fed back into the recirculation after its cleaning.
Furthermore, this invention provides an apparatus for sorptive separation consisting essentially of a machine frame;
a filter chamber mounted on the machine frame and having a top and a bottom;
fabric filter bags disposed in said filter chamber, wherein the fabric filter bags surround a central free space of the respective one of the filter chamber;
an upper pure gas chamber connected at a top of the filter chamber;
an inclined floor of the filter chamber;
a lower center opening in the inclined floor;
a trap shaft disposed within a free space inside the filter chamber at a distance relative to the upper pure gas chamber and above the lower center opening;
a restricted section forming a nozzle connected to the lower center opening in the inclined floor, wherein the restricted section is spaced apart from the trap shaft and wherein the restricted section is coordinated symmetrically and leaving an open passage distance to the lower end of the 'trap shaft and fixedly connected to the inclined floor in the region of the lower center open ing of the inclined floor in order for the dusty adsorbent to fall onto the inclined floor toward the lower center opening such that substantially all the dust falling from the bags during gas infeeding is put into circulation in the filter chamber and for receiving and for passing through dusty adsorbent collected an the filter bags during a cleaning operation of the filter bags and said restricted section further having a lower opening;
a vertical riser conduit having a lower end and having an upper end connected to the restricted section;
a raw gas channel connected to the lower end of the vertical riser conduit;
f 2051592 2c a lower dust discharge connected at thc: bottom of the vertical riser conduit;
a discharge sluice furnished in the raw gas channel;
gas supply means connected to the raw gay channel for feeding gas to the raw gas channel.
Additionally, this invention provides an apparatus for sorptive separation comprising bag filters disposed in a filter chamber, with filter bags surrounding a central free space, an upper pure gas chamber and a lower dust discharge, wherein an inclined floor with a feed opening for gas is provided to form a lower part of the filter chamber, wherein a trap shaft is disposed within the free space at a distance relative to a pure gas chamber part of the filter chamber and above the feed opening, wherein a restricted section forms a nozzle and is connected at an upper end to the feed opening, wherein the restricted section is coordinated symmetrically with a distance to the lower end of the trap shaft, wherein the inclined flour is fixedly connected in the region of its opening to the restricted section in order for the dusty adsorbent to fall onto an inclined floor toward a raw gas feed-in such that substantially all the dust falling from the bags during gas infeeding is put into circulation in the filter chamber and in order to pass dropping dusty adsorbent through the feed opening into and through tlhe restricted section for removal and extraction of the dusty adsorbent during switching off of the gas feed-in of the respective filter bag for emptying the filter chamber of the dusty absorbent;
a vertical riser conduit connected at an upper end to a lower end of the restricted section;
a gas feed line connected to a lower end of the vertical riser conduit for feeding gas into the lower end of the vertical riiser conduit; and a discharge sluice furnished in the gas feed line.
Further this invention provides, a method for adsorption or chemisorption of gaseous material from a raw gas stream by addling dusty adsorbent for gas components, wherein the raw gas and a fresh adsorbent are fed to a separator structure with a filter chamber formed as a bag filter, wherein a dust return is performed with a recirculation of from about 20 to 80-fold amount adsorbent in the filter chamber, and wherein a part of the gas is maintained in circulation in the bag 2a ' 2051592 filter with a trap shaft for gas flow distribution with a nozzle coordinated to the trap shaft, such that substantially all the dust falling from the bags during gas infeeding is put into circulation in the bag filter by the gas entering through the nozzle wherein the filter chamber is cleaned by closing; of input side gas connection for separating the reaction product and wherein the entry of the adsorbents is thereby interrupted for the filter chamber and the reaction product is discharged, and wherein simultaneously the filter chamber is cleaned for maintaining the dust return and wherein the deposited dusty adsorbent is recycled Finally, this invention provides a method for adsorption or chemisorption of gaseous material from a raw gas stream comprising feeding a raw gas loaded with dusty adsorbent and recycled adsorbent dust to a separator structure with several bag filter~c, wherein the dusty adsorbent has properties to bind gas components of the raw gas, and where such gas components are to be removed from the raw gas;
creating a mixture of a dusty adsorbent and a raw gas and feeding said mixture into a filter chamber;
separating unreacted adsorbent in the filter chamber, wherein the dusty adsorbent falls onto an inclined floor toward a raw gas feed-in such that substantially all the dust falling from the ba;;s during gas infeeding is put into circulation in the filter chamber;
switching the feeding of the filter chamber off;
blowing off the dusty adsorbent from filter bags, wherein the dusty adsorbent falls onto an inclined floor to be discharged at the time while the feeding of said mixture is switched off.
i .r f. 2~5 1 5 92 The advantages and operation of the invention, as well as the disadvantages of the known modalities, will be more fully described with reference to the drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a sectional view through an apparatus representing the state of the art, Figure 2 illustrates a part of what is shown in Figure 1, to a larger scale, Figure 3 shows an apparaW s for carrying out the process according to this invention, and Figure 4 is a plan view of the apparatus according to Figure 3, with a plurality of filter chambers.
Figure 1 shows a cloth filter apparatus illustrated as a bag filter 1. The bag filter comprises a rectangular housing 2 with an upper base 3, from which the tubular cloth filters 8 are suspended. In a genf:ral filter installation, the housings 2 are also designated as chambers. Above the base 3 is a clean gas chamber 4 provided with a clean gas conduit 5 through which the clean gas exits. At the lower end there is a dust-collection hopper 6 provided with a discharge valve 7. The filters 8 are arranged around a central free chamber 20 in which a rectangular collection shaft 9 is located. The latter is positioned with its upper end 10 spaced a particular distance away from the upper filter base 3. Spaced from the lower end 11 of the collecting shaft 9 are oblique dust-conducting baffles 12 which are secured by hinges 13 to the housing 2 of the filter. These are so arranged that they define an inner opening 23 while at the same time, together with the lower edge 11 of the collecting shaft 9, they define a space or gap 2~4. By adjusting the declination angle alpha of the dust-conducting baffles 12, the gap 24 can be increased. Below the opening 23 there is provided a nozzle 15 of wlhich the nozzle cross-section can be altered by adjusting the upper nozzle walls 16. To this end, the nozzle walls 16 are provided with hinges 17. At the lower extremity of the nozzle 15 is connected the raw gas conduit 18, into which the adsorbent, im finely divided form, is admitted through a conduit 19.
The raw gas with the adsorbent contained therein passes through the nozzle 15 and the collecting shaft 9, from which it arrives at the upper region of the tubular ,~ cloth filters 8. The gas passes through the filters and is thereby freed of dust to a ._ X051592 large degree. By this process there accumulates, on the outer surface of the filters 8, a dust layer of increasing thickness, which :layer can be stripped away at predetermined time intervals according to known methods. The cleaned gas, largely freed of dust and noxious materials, leaves the filter apparatus 1 through the clean gas chamber 4 and the clean gas conduit 5. Tlhe amount of fresh adsorbent required for the process is mixed with the raw gas stream immediately prior to entering the filter chamber, utilizing appropriate apparatus. It is conceivable to add the adsorbent at other appropriate locations in the system, for example downstream of the nozzle 15. From the raw gas conduit 18, which can taper in the downstream direction, the dust-laden raw gas exits upwardly through a slot having the width 25, and is formed into a directed stream by means of the lateral walls 16. By means of the hinges 17, the wall 16 can be adjusted in direction. The gas discharge from the slot nozzle 15 having an original width 25 can be adjusted down to the narrowed width 26. The distance of the nozzle 15 below the lower end 11 of the collection shaft 9 is determined in accordance with generally known methods. The distance separating the walls of the collection shaft 9 is greater than the distance 25 between the walls of the nozzle 15. Part of the dust falling downwardly during the cleaning of the tubes is entrained in the return-cycle gas stream, while another part thereof escapes from the internal return cycle system through adjustable openings or slots 28 in the dust-directing baffles 12 and is collected in the hopper 6 of the filter and removed through the valve 7. A further portion of the removed dust slides along the dust-directing baffles 12 and falls down from the lower free edge into the gas stream exiting from the nozzle 15, the gas stream directing this dust portion back into the system, mixing it with gas. The dust-directing baffles 12 consist of two parts which are provided with slots at their ends, and can be secured together after they have been adjusted, with the help of threaded fasteners 14. By changing the length 29, an additional portion of dust can be removed from the circulation system and directed to the hopper 6, and vice versa.
When carrying out this prior process, however, certain disadvantages arise.
Figure 1 and Figure 2 show the state of the art according to the patents referred to above, and will be used here to explain the previously mentioned disadvantages.
The dust directing baffles 12 are shown, in Figure 1 and Figure 2, with an _2051592 s inclination angle alpha of about 4s°. Many dusts however tend to create deposits or strata on inclined, flat walls, so that the inclination angle here illustrated is often not sufficient to ensure the outflow of dust under all operational conditions.
However, the steeper setting of the baffles 12 that would then be necessary would require -s especially in large filter boxes with a large number of adjacently lying tube rows -that the lower part of the filter housing be substantially elongated. In order to ensure that under all operational conditions the: dust is removed as required, one must utilize inclination angles such as those shown in the lower part of the hopper walls 6. From Figure 1 it is immediately clear that the nozzle is and the raw gas conduit 18 would have to be substantially displaced downwardly, with the consequence that the hopper walls 6 too would have to be correspondingly shifted deeper on the housing 2, in order to provide room for the nozzle is and the raw gas conduit 18. This measure would lead to substantially increased costs.
This disadvantage, according to the preaent invention, can be avoided in that is the parts 6 originally conceived of as hopper walls (Figure 1), take over the function of the dust-directing baffles (40 in Figure 3).
In order that the dust flowing down the new hopper wall 40 can be collected by the nozzle and directed back, the nozzle must be positioned correspondingly deeper and thus outside of the filter housing. 'The nozzle 41 can now be connected to the hopper walls 40. The jet pipe 44 is likewise correspondingly displaced downward, in order to maintain the dust-return effect unchanged. The raw gas conduit 42, connected with the nozzle, is likewise displaced downwardly and out of the filter housing, and includes an exit provision 43 (for example a cellular wheel sluice) for the discharge of the used-up adsorbent.
2s The result of this inventive provision is the elimination of not only the dust-directing baffles 12 (Figure 1) but also the hinl;es 13 as well as the components necessary for the slot adjustment and the gap size adjustment (Figure 2), and in addition the entire filter housing can be constmcted with a steeper inclination angle, and yet smaller overall size. Taken altogether, this leads to a quite substantial cost saving.
In the prior arrangement, the nozzle 16 is provided with closure flaps 16 which close in the event of a disturbance, in order to prevent the entry of greater 6 ' quantities of dust into the nozzle 15 and the ra.w gas conduit 18. In accordance with the apparatus embodying this invention, these closure flaps also are eliminated, since the used adsorbent, in accordance with fhe invention, is carried away during off line operation through nozzle 41 and raw l;as conduit 42 (Figure 3) by way of the valve 43. This leads to a further cost saving. At the same time the hinges are eliminated. Such rotating parts are always susceptible to malfunction in a dust removal operation. Their elimination ensures a reliable operation.
The above-described apparatus-based attainment of the aim of the invention, which is to ensure, at low cost, the flow-down of dust along the dust-conducting panels under all operational conditions, nonetheless leads to the problem that now the discharge of used adsorbent is no longer possible during the operation.
The second aim of this invention is thus, through process-related adjustment, to make possible both the maintaining of the desired quantity of dust recirculation, and the discharge of the used-up adsorbent from the process.
According to the current state of the art (DE 38 O1 913 and DE 38 06 862), the ratio of the dust recirculation to the injected fresh material is regulated through the adjustment of the openings 28 in the dust-directing baffle 12 (Figure 2), and the excess dust is continuously withdrawn through the filter hopper 6 with the help of an outlet valve 7 (Figure 2). The apparatus in accordance with the present invention, however, no longer utilizes the slots 28 (Figure 2) and the flow-free zone in the lower part of the hopper 6 (Figure 1), both of which were necessary, during the flow-through of gas, to continuously withdraw the used adsorbent while still maintaining the desired recirculation rate.
In accordance with the invention, the discharge of the used adsorbent is made possible by causing individual filter chambers, in pre-selected cycles, to be deactivated and closed off by flaps 46, 47 (Figzre 3) at the gas entry location and at the gas exit location. Removed dust can then bass along the raw gas conduit 42 and the nozzle 41, through which there is no longer any flow, to arrive at the discharge valve 43 (Figure 3) where it is discharged.
Moreover, in accordance with the invention, the desired dust feedback ratio is maintained by selecting the cycle of the off /on-line operation such that during the cleaning of a predetermined portion of the tubes located in a chamber, substantially _ , 20 5 1 5 92 as much dust is discharged during the off line operation as there is fresh adsorbent admitted during the time of the on-line operation. The regulation of this process is carried out using a programmed control which, on the basis of the product of the infed fresh adsorbent quantity multiplied by tune, determines the time delay for the next off line cleaning of a predetermined portion of the available tubes, and triggers this process. Naturally, during the time of the off line period, the adsorbent feed 45 for the chamber in question is interrupted by the programmable control.
After the resulting cleaning (in off line operation) the flaps 46 and 47 (Figure 3) are again opened, whereupon gas again flows through the filter system. At the same time, additional fresh adsorbent is fed in through the conduit 45 and a particular portion of the tube rows are cleaned.. in order to immediately re-establish the dust feedback.
In order to maintain the dust feedback during on-line operation, an adjustable proportion of tubes are cleaned at likewise adjustable time intervals, and the released dust is delivered through the jet streann into the circulation pattern. The desired dust feedback ratio is adjusted by the appropriate selection of time intervals and the extent of the fraction of the tubes to be cleaned.
The on-line/off line cycle will be described with reference to Figure 4. Six filter chambers 2a through 2f are here illustrated, each of them corresponding to what is illustrated in Figure 3. If for example 'the filter chamber 2a is cleaned, then the raw gas flap 46a and the clean gas flap 47a are closed. In addition, the adsorbent feed 45 for this chamber is halted. 7.'he remaining filter chambers 2b through 2f remain in on-line operation, i.e. the flaps 47b through 47f and 46b through 46f remain open. In this described flap arrangement, the filter chamber 2a with the filter tubes 8a can be cleaned in the programmed manner known her se.
After completion of the program, the chamber 2a is again brought into on-line operation while at the same time the next chamber, for example, chamber 2b, is cleaned in off line operation. In the same marvler, all of the remaining chambers are cleaned.
The hopper walls 40 are situated at an angle beta, which is appropriate for the dust to be cleaned. In order to better remove the dust, the hopper wall can be provided with air panels (not illustrated) or with impact/vibration units 51.
A
further component for improved dust removal may take the form of an aeration conduit 49 having a valve 48, with which the dust in the lower part of the conduit 42 can be loosened to make it more flowable. The raw gas flap 46 can be constructed as a single or a double flap, with or without an air feed.
B
More particularly, this invention provides a method for sorptive separation of gaseous materials out of a raw gas stream comprising forming a separator structure including a first filter chamber operating as a first fabric bag filter collector and including a second filter chamber operating as a second fabric bag filter collector;
opening a first valve lock;
feeding a raw gas mixture after passing the opened first valve lock from a bottom into a first pipe extending vertically;
adding dusty adsorbent and recycled dusty adsorbent dust after separation and cleaning of the recycled dusty adsorbent to the raw gas mixture moving in upward direction in the first vertically extending pipe;
accelerating the raw gas stream in a first neck forming a first nozzle at an upper end of the first pipe extending vertically;
feeding the raw gas mixture and the dusty adsorbent to the first filter chamber including a plurality of fabric filter compartments;
maintaining a part of the raw gas mixture in the first fabric bag filter collector by passing the raw gas mixture through a first trap shaft after accelerating with the first nozzle;
opening a second valve lock;
feeding a raw gas mixture after passing the opened second valve lock from a bottom into a second pipe extending vertically;
adding dusty adsorbent and recycled dusty adsorbent after separation and cleaning of the recycled dusty adsorbent to the raw gas mixture moving in upward direction in the second vertically extending pipe;
_2051592 2a accelerating the raw gas stream in a second neck forming a second nozzle at an upper end of the second pipe extending vertically:
feeding the raw gas mixture and the fresh dusty adsorbent to the second filter chamber including a plurality of fabric filter compartments;
maintaining a part of the raw gas mixture in the second fabric bag filter collector by passing the raw gas mixture through a second trap shaft after accelerating with the second nozzle;
closing the first valve lock;
stopping the feeding of the raw gas rr~ixture to the bottom of the first pipe extending vertically;
closing a first output valve connected to a first output of the first filter chamber;
subjecting the first filter chamber to a cleaning while said first filter chamber is off line for the separation operation from the; raw gas stream;
separating the reaction product including the dusty adsorbent and the adsorbed material out of the first filter chamber by extracting said reaction product from the filter bags and by passing said reaction product downwardly through the first neck and a dusty adsorbent outlet, and operating simultaneously the second filter chamber in on-line operation, wherein all the dusty adsorbent falling from the filter bags during gas infeeding is put into circulation; and employing a dusty adsorbent return by recirculating a volume from about 20 to 80 times more recycled adsorbent from the first filter chamber as compared to the weight of the fresh adsorbent added to the process per time unit.
Further, this invention provides a method for adsorption or chemisorption of gaseous materials out of a raw gas stream by reacting of dusty adsorbent with gas components to be adsorbed, wherein the raw gas and dusty adsorbent are fed to a separator structure with a filter chamber formed as a bag filter collector, wherein a trap shaft is disposed in the filter chamber, wherein a dusty adsorbent return is performed with a recirculation of from about a 20 to 80-fold amount relative to the amount of the employed fresh dusty adsorbent :in the filter chamber, wherein a part of the raw gas is maintained in circulation in the fabric bag filter of the bag filter collector by way of the trap shaft with a nozzle, wherein the nozzle is disposed n r. 205 1 5 92 2b below the trap shaft in order for the dusty adsorbent to fall onto the inclined floor toward the nozzle such that substantially all the dust falling from the bags during gas infeeding is put into circulation in the filter chamber and wherein upon switching off of the feeding of raw gas and of dusty adsorbe;nt the separated dusty adsorbent in the filter chamber is extracted from the filter bag through said nozzle and is fed back into the recirculation after its cleaning.
Furthermore, this invention provides an apparatus for sorptive separation consisting essentially of a machine frame;
a filter chamber mounted on the machine frame and having a top and a bottom;
fabric filter bags disposed in said filter chamber, wherein the fabric filter bags surround a central free space of the respective one of the filter chamber;
an upper pure gas chamber connected at a top of the filter chamber;
an inclined floor of the filter chamber;
a lower center opening in the inclined floor;
a trap shaft disposed within a free space inside the filter chamber at a distance relative to the upper pure gas chamber and above the lower center opening;
a restricted section forming a nozzle connected to the lower center opening in the inclined floor, wherein the restricted section is spaced apart from the trap shaft and wherein the restricted section is coordinated symmetrically and leaving an open passage distance to the lower end of the 'trap shaft and fixedly connected to the inclined floor in the region of the lower center open ing of the inclined floor in order for the dusty adsorbent to fall onto the inclined floor toward the lower center opening such that substantially all the dust falling from the bags during gas infeeding is put into circulation in the filter chamber and for receiving and for passing through dusty adsorbent collected an the filter bags during a cleaning operation of the filter bags and said restricted section further having a lower opening;
a vertical riser conduit having a lower end and having an upper end connected to the restricted section;
a raw gas channel connected to the lower end of the vertical riser conduit;
f 2051592 2c a lower dust discharge connected at thc: bottom of the vertical riser conduit;
a discharge sluice furnished in the raw gas channel;
gas supply means connected to the raw gay channel for feeding gas to the raw gas channel.
Additionally, this invention provides an apparatus for sorptive separation comprising bag filters disposed in a filter chamber, with filter bags surrounding a central free space, an upper pure gas chamber and a lower dust discharge, wherein an inclined floor with a feed opening for gas is provided to form a lower part of the filter chamber, wherein a trap shaft is disposed within the free space at a distance relative to a pure gas chamber part of the filter chamber and above the feed opening, wherein a restricted section forms a nozzle and is connected at an upper end to the feed opening, wherein the restricted section is coordinated symmetrically with a distance to the lower end of the trap shaft, wherein the inclined flour is fixedly connected in the region of its opening to the restricted section in order for the dusty adsorbent to fall onto an inclined floor toward a raw gas feed-in such that substantially all the dust falling from the bags during gas infeeding is put into circulation in the filter chamber and in order to pass dropping dusty adsorbent through the feed opening into and through tlhe restricted section for removal and extraction of the dusty adsorbent during switching off of the gas feed-in of the respective filter bag for emptying the filter chamber of the dusty absorbent;
a vertical riser conduit connected at an upper end to a lower end of the restricted section;
a gas feed line connected to a lower end of the vertical riser conduit for feeding gas into the lower end of the vertical riiser conduit; and a discharge sluice furnished in the gas feed line.
Further this invention provides, a method for adsorption or chemisorption of gaseous material from a raw gas stream by addling dusty adsorbent for gas components, wherein the raw gas and a fresh adsorbent are fed to a separator structure with a filter chamber formed as a bag filter, wherein a dust return is performed with a recirculation of from about 20 to 80-fold amount adsorbent in the filter chamber, and wherein a part of the gas is maintained in circulation in the bag 2a ' 2051592 filter with a trap shaft for gas flow distribution with a nozzle coordinated to the trap shaft, such that substantially all the dust falling from the bags during gas infeeding is put into circulation in the bag filter by the gas entering through the nozzle wherein the filter chamber is cleaned by closing; of input side gas connection for separating the reaction product and wherein the entry of the adsorbents is thereby interrupted for the filter chamber and the reaction product is discharged, and wherein simultaneously the filter chamber is cleaned for maintaining the dust return and wherein the deposited dusty adsorbent is recycled Finally, this invention provides a method for adsorption or chemisorption of gaseous material from a raw gas stream comprising feeding a raw gas loaded with dusty adsorbent and recycled adsorbent dust to a separator structure with several bag filter~c, wherein the dusty adsorbent has properties to bind gas components of the raw gas, and where such gas components are to be removed from the raw gas;
creating a mixture of a dusty adsorbent and a raw gas and feeding said mixture into a filter chamber;
separating unreacted adsorbent in the filter chamber, wherein the dusty adsorbent falls onto an inclined floor toward a raw gas feed-in such that substantially all the dust falling from the ba;;s during gas infeeding is put into circulation in the filter chamber;
switching the feeding of the filter chamber off;
blowing off the dusty adsorbent from filter bags, wherein the dusty adsorbent falls onto an inclined floor to be discharged at the time while the feeding of said mixture is switched off.
i .r f. 2~5 1 5 92 The advantages and operation of the invention, as well as the disadvantages of the known modalities, will be more fully described with reference to the drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a sectional view through an apparatus representing the state of the art, Figure 2 illustrates a part of what is shown in Figure 1, to a larger scale, Figure 3 shows an apparaW s for carrying out the process according to this invention, and Figure 4 is a plan view of the apparatus according to Figure 3, with a plurality of filter chambers.
Figure 1 shows a cloth filter apparatus illustrated as a bag filter 1. The bag filter comprises a rectangular housing 2 with an upper base 3, from which the tubular cloth filters 8 are suspended. In a genf:ral filter installation, the housings 2 are also designated as chambers. Above the base 3 is a clean gas chamber 4 provided with a clean gas conduit 5 through which the clean gas exits. At the lower end there is a dust-collection hopper 6 provided with a discharge valve 7. The filters 8 are arranged around a central free chamber 20 in which a rectangular collection shaft 9 is located. The latter is positioned with its upper end 10 spaced a particular distance away from the upper filter base 3. Spaced from the lower end 11 of the collecting shaft 9 are oblique dust-conducting baffles 12 which are secured by hinges 13 to the housing 2 of the filter. These are so arranged that they define an inner opening 23 while at the same time, together with the lower edge 11 of the collecting shaft 9, they define a space or gap 2~4. By adjusting the declination angle alpha of the dust-conducting baffles 12, the gap 24 can be increased. Below the opening 23 there is provided a nozzle 15 of wlhich the nozzle cross-section can be altered by adjusting the upper nozzle walls 16. To this end, the nozzle walls 16 are provided with hinges 17. At the lower extremity of the nozzle 15 is connected the raw gas conduit 18, into which the adsorbent, im finely divided form, is admitted through a conduit 19.
The raw gas with the adsorbent contained therein passes through the nozzle 15 and the collecting shaft 9, from which it arrives at the upper region of the tubular ,~ cloth filters 8. The gas passes through the filters and is thereby freed of dust to a ._ X051592 large degree. By this process there accumulates, on the outer surface of the filters 8, a dust layer of increasing thickness, which :layer can be stripped away at predetermined time intervals according to known methods. The cleaned gas, largely freed of dust and noxious materials, leaves the filter apparatus 1 through the clean gas chamber 4 and the clean gas conduit 5. Tlhe amount of fresh adsorbent required for the process is mixed with the raw gas stream immediately prior to entering the filter chamber, utilizing appropriate apparatus. It is conceivable to add the adsorbent at other appropriate locations in the system, for example downstream of the nozzle 15. From the raw gas conduit 18, which can taper in the downstream direction, the dust-laden raw gas exits upwardly through a slot having the width 25, and is formed into a directed stream by means of the lateral walls 16. By means of the hinges 17, the wall 16 can be adjusted in direction. The gas discharge from the slot nozzle 15 having an original width 25 can be adjusted down to the narrowed width 26. The distance of the nozzle 15 below the lower end 11 of the collection shaft 9 is determined in accordance with generally known methods. The distance separating the walls of the collection shaft 9 is greater than the distance 25 between the walls of the nozzle 15. Part of the dust falling downwardly during the cleaning of the tubes is entrained in the return-cycle gas stream, while another part thereof escapes from the internal return cycle system through adjustable openings or slots 28 in the dust-directing baffles 12 and is collected in the hopper 6 of the filter and removed through the valve 7. A further portion of the removed dust slides along the dust-directing baffles 12 and falls down from the lower free edge into the gas stream exiting from the nozzle 15, the gas stream directing this dust portion back into the system, mixing it with gas. The dust-directing baffles 12 consist of two parts which are provided with slots at their ends, and can be secured together after they have been adjusted, with the help of threaded fasteners 14. By changing the length 29, an additional portion of dust can be removed from the circulation system and directed to the hopper 6, and vice versa.
When carrying out this prior process, however, certain disadvantages arise.
Figure 1 and Figure 2 show the state of the art according to the patents referred to above, and will be used here to explain the previously mentioned disadvantages.
The dust directing baffles 12 are shown, in Figure 1 and Figure 2, with an _2051592 s inclination angle alpha of about 4s°. Many dusts however tend to create deposits or strata on inclined, flat walls, so that the inclination angle here illustrated is often not sufficient to ensure the outflow of dust under all operational conditions.
However, the steeper setting of the baffles 12 that would then be necessary would require -s especially in large filter boxes with a large number of adjacently lying tube rows -that the lower part of the filter housing be substantially elongated. In order to ensure that under all operational conditions the: dust is removed as required, one must utilize inclination angles such as those shown in the lower part of the hopper walls 6. From Figure 1 it is immediately clear that the nozzle is and the raw gas conduit 18 would have to be substantially displaced downwardly, with the consequence that the hopper walls 6 too would have to be correspondingly shifted deeper on the housing 2, in order to provide room for the nozzle is and the raw gas conduit 18. This measure would lead to substantially increased costs.
This disadvantage, according to the preaent invention, can be avoided in that is the parts 6 originally conceived of as hopper walls (Figure 1), take over the function of the dust-directing baffles (40 in Figure 3).
In order that the dust flowing down the new hopper wall 40 can be collected by the nozzle and directed back, the nozzle must be positioned correspondingly deeper and thus outside of the filter housing. 'The nozzle 41 can now be connected to the hopper walls 40. The jet pipe 44 is likewise correspondingly displaced downward, in order to maintain the dust-return effect unchanged. The raw gas conduit 42, connected with the nozzle, is likewise displaced downwardly and out of the filter housing, and includes an exit provision 43 (for example a cellular wheel sluice) for the discharge of the used-up adsorbent.
2s The result of this inventive provision is the elimination of not only the dust-directing baffles 12 (Figure 1) but also the hinl;es 13 as well as the components necessary for the slot adjustment and the gap size adjustment (Figure 2), and in addition the entire filter housing can be constmcted with a steeper inclination angle, and yet smaller overall size. Taken altogether, this leads to a quite substantial cost saving.
In the prior arrangement, the nozzle 16 is provided with closure flaps 16 which close in the event of a disturbance, in order to prevent the entry of greater 6 ' quantities of dust into the nozzle 15 and the ra.w gas conduit 18. In accordance with the apparatus embodying this invention, these closure flaps also are eliminated, since the used adsorbent, in accordance with fhe invention, is carried away during off line operation through nozzle 41 and raw l;as conduit 42 (Figure 3) by way of the valve 43. This leads to a further cost saving. At the same time the hinges are eliminated. Such rotating parts are always susceptible to malfunction in a dust removal operation. Their elimination ensures a reliable operation.
The above-described apparatus-based attainment of the aim of the invention, which is to ensure, at low cost, the flow-down of dust along the dust-conducting panels under all operational conditions, nonetheless leads to the problem that now the discharge of used adsorbent is no longer possible during the operation.
The second aim of this invention is thus, through process-related adjustment, to make possible both the maintaining of the desired quantity of dust recirculation, and the discharge of the used-up adsorbent from the process.
According to the current state of the art (DE 38 O1 913 and DE 38 06 862), the ratio of the dust recirculation to the injected fresh material is regulated through the adjustment of the openings 28 in the dust-directing baffle 12 (Figure 2), and the excess dust is continuously withdrawn through the filter hopper 6 with the help of an outlet valve 7 (Figure 2). The apparatus in accordance with the present invention, however, no longer utilizes the slots 28 (Figure 2) and the flow-free zone in the lower part of the hopper 6 (Figure 1), both of which were necessary, during the flow-through of gas, to continuously withdraw the used adsorbent while still maintaining the desired recirculation rate.
In accordance with the invention, the discharge of the used adsorbent is made possible by causing individual filter chambers, in pre-selected cycles, to be deactivated and closed off by flaps 46, 47 (Figzre 3) at the gas entry location and at the gas exit location. Removed dust can then bass along the raw gas conduit 42 and the nozzle 41, through which there is no longer any flow, to arrive at the discharge valve 43 (Figure 3) where it is discharged.
Moreover, in accordance with the invention, the desired dust feedback ratio is maintained by selecting the cycle of the off /on-line operation such that during the cleaning of a predetermined portion of the tubes located in a chamber, substantially _ , 20 5 1 5 92 as much dust is discharged during the off line operation as there is fresh adsorbent admitted during the time of the on-line operation. The regulation of this process is carried out using a programmed control which, on the basis of the product of the infed fresh adsorbent quantity multiplied by tune, determines the time delay for the next off line cleaning of a predetermined portion of the available tubes, and triggers this process. Naturally, during the time of the off line period, the adsorbent feed 45 for the chamber in question is interrupted by the programmable control.
After the resulting cleaning (in off line operation) the flaps 46 and 47 (Figure 3) are again opened, whereupon gas again flows through the filter system. At the same time, additional fresh adsorbent is fed in through the conduit 45 and a particular portion of the tube rows are cleaned.. in order to immediately re-establish the dust feedback.
In order to maintain the dust feedback during on-line operation, an adjustable proportion of tubes are cleaned at likewise adjustable time intervals, and the released dust is delivered through the jet streann into the circulation pattern. The desired dust feedback ratio is adjusted by the appropriate selection of time intervals and the extent of the fraction of the tubes to be cleaned.
The on-line/off line cycle will be described with reference to Figure 4. Six filter chambers 2a through 2f are here illustrated, each of them corresponding to what is illustrated in Figure 3. If for example 'the filter chamber 2a is cleaned, then the raw gas flap 46a and the clean gas flap 47a are closed. In addition, the adsorbent feed 45 for this chamber is halted. 7.'he remaining filter chambers 2b through 2f remain in on-line operation, i.e. the flaps 47b through 47f and 46b through 46f remain open. In this described flap arrangement, the filter chamber 2a with the filter tubes 8a can be cleaned in the programmed manner known her se.
After completion of the program, the chamber 2a is again brought into on-line operation while at the same time the next chamber, for example, chamber 2b, is cleaned in off line operation. In the same marvler, all of the remaining chambers are cleaned.
The hopper walls 40 are situated at an angle beta, which is appropriate for the dust to be cleaned. In order to better remove the dust, the hopper wall can be provided with air panels (not illustrated) or with impact/vibration units 51.
A
further component for improved dust removal may take the form of an aeration conduit 49 having a valve 48, with which the dust in the lower part of the conduit 42 can be loosened to make it more flowable. The raw gas flap 46 can be constructed as a single or a double flap, with or without an air feed.
B
Claims (29)
1. A method for sorptive separation of gaseous materials out of a raw gas stream comprising forming a separator structure including; a first filter chamber operating as a first fabric bag filter collector and including a, second filter chamber operating as a second fabric bag filter collector;
opening a first valve lock;
feeding a raw gas mixture after passing the opened first valve lock from a bottom into a first pipe extending vertically;
adding dusty adsorbent and recycled dusty adsorbent dust after separation and cleaning of the recycled dusty adsorbent to the raw gas mixture moving in upward direction in the first vertically extending pipe;
accelerating the raw gas stream in a first nick forming a first nozzle at an upper end of the first pipe extending vertically;
feeding the raw gas mixture and the dusty adsorbent to the first filter chamber including a plurality of fabric filter compartments;
maintaining a part of the raw gas mixture in the first fabric bag filter collector by passing the raw gas mixture through a first trap shaft after accelerating with the first nozzle;
opening a second valve lock;
feeding a raw gas mixture after passing the opened second valve lock from a bottom into a second pipe extending vertically;
adding dusty adsorbent and recycled dusty adsorbent after separation and cleaning of the recycled dusty adsorbent to the raw gas mixture moving in upward direction in the second vertically extending pipe;
accelerating the raw gas stream in a second neck forming a second nozzle at an upper end of the second pipe extending vertically;
feeding the raw gas mixture and the fresh dusty adsorbent to the second filter chamber including a plurality of fabric filter compartments;
maintaining a part of the raw gas mixture in the second fabric bag filter collector by passing the raw gas mixture through a second trap shaft after accelerating with the second nozzle;
closing the first valve lock;
stopping the feeding of the raw gas mixture to the bottom of the first pipe extending vertically;
closing a first output valve connected to a first output of the first filter chamber;
subjecting the first filter chamber to a cleaning while said first filter chamber is off line for the separation operation from the raw gas stream;
separating the reaction product including the dusty adsorbent and the adsorbed material out of the first filter chamber by extracting said reaction product from the filter bags and by passing said reaction product downwardly through the first neck and a dusty adsorbent outlet, and operating simultaneously the second filter chamber in on-line operation, wherein all the dusty adsorbent falling from the filter bags during gas infeeding is put into circulation; and employing a dusty adsorbent return by recirculating a volume from about 20 to 80 times more recycled adsorbent from the first filter chamber as compared to the weight of the fresh adsorbent added to the process per time unit.
opening a first valve lock;
feeding a raw gas mixture after passing the opened first valve lock from a bottom into a first pipe extending vertically;
adding dusty adsorbent and recycled dusty adsorbent dust after separation and cleaning of the recycled dusty adsorbent to the raw gas mixture moving in upward direction in the first vertically extending pipe;
accelerating the raw gas stream in a first nick forming a first nozzle at an upper end of the first pipe extending vertically;
feeding the raw gas mixture and the dusty adsorbent to the first filter chamber including a plurality of fabric filter compartments;
maintaining a part of the raw gas mixture in the first fabric bag filter collector by passing the raw gas mixture through a first trap shaft after accelerating with the first nozzle;
opening a second valve lock;
feeding a raw gas mixture after passing the opened second valve lock from a bottom into a second pipe extending vertically;
adding dusty adsorbent and recycled dusty adsorbent after separation and cleaning of the recycled dusty adsorbent to the raw gas mixture moving in upward direction in the second vertically extending pipe;
accelerating the raw gas stream in a second neck forming a second nozzle at an upper end of the second pipe extending vertically;
feeding the raw gas mixture and the fresh dusty adsorbent to the second filter chamber including a plurality of fabric filter compartments;
maintaining a part of the raw gas mixture in the second fabric bag filter collector by passing the raw gas mixture through a second trap shaft after accelerating with the second nozzle;
closing the first valve lock;
stopping the feeding of the raw gas mixture to the bottom of the first pipe extending vertically;
closing a first output valve connected to a first output of the first filter chamber;
subjecting the first filter chamber to a cleaning while said first filter chamber is off line for the separation operation from the raw gas stream;
separating the reaction product including the dusty adsorbent and the adsorbed material out of the first filter chamber by extracting said reaction product from the filter bags and by passing said reaction product downwardly through the first neck and a dusty adsorbent outlet, and operating simultaneously the second filter chamber in on-line operation, wherein all the dusty adsorbent falling from the filter bags during gas infeeding is put into circulation; and employing a dusty adsorbent return by recirculating a volume from about 20 to 80 times more recycled adsorbent from the first filter chamber as compared to the weight of the fresh adsorbent added to the process per time unit.
2. The method for sorptive separation according to claim 1 further comprising employing a chemisorptive adsorbent as the dusty adsorbent for effective separation and removal of a gaseous component from the raw gas mixture.
3. The method for sorptive separation according to claim 1 further comprising employing a dry adsorbent as the dusty adsorbent for effective separation and removal of a gaseous component from the raw gas mixture.
4. The method for sorptive separation according to claim 1 further comprising opening the first valve lock;
feeding the raw gas mixture after passing the opened first valve lock from a bottom into the first pipe extending vertically;
adding dusty adsorbent and recycled dusty adsorbent after separation and cleaning of the recycled dusty adsorbent to the raw gas mixture moving in upward direction in the first vertically extending pipe;
accelerating the raw gas stream in the first neck forming the first nozzle at an upper end of the first pipe extending vertically;
feeding the raw gas mixture and the fresh dusty adsorbent to the first filter chamber including the plurality of fabric filter compartments;
maintaining a part of the raw gas mixture in the first fabric bag filter collector by passing the raw gas mixture through a first trap shaft after accelerating with the first nozzle;
closing the second valve lock;
stopping the feeding of the raw gas mixture to the bottom of the second pipe extending vertically;
closing a second output valve connected to a second output of the second filter chamber;
subjecting the second filter chamber to a cleaning while said second filter chamber is off line for the separation operation from the raw gas stream; and separating the reaction product including the dusty adsorbent and the adsorbed material out of the second filter chamber, and operating simultaneously the first filter chamber in on-line operation;
wherein a second raw gas feed and a second pure gas channel are closed during the off line operation of the second filter chamber, and wherein fabric bags of the second fabric filter compartment are cleaned during this state of the processing.
feeding the raw gas mixture after passing the opened first valve lock from a bottom into the first pipe extending vertically;
adding dusty adsorbent and recycled dusty adsorbent after separation and cleaning of the recycled dusty adsorbent to the raw gas mixture moving in upward direction in the first vertically extending pipe;
accelerating the raw gas stream in the first neck forming the first nozzle at an upper end of the first pipe extending vertically;
feeding the raw gas mixture and the fresh dusty adsorbent to the first filter chamber including the plurality of fabric filter compartments;
maintaining a part of the raw gas mixture in the first fabric bag filter collector by passing the raw gas mixture through a first trap shaft after accelerating with the first nozzle;
closing the second valve lock;
stopping the feeding of the raw gas mixture to the bottom of the second pipe extending vertically;
closing a second output valve connected to a second output of the second filter chamber;
subjecting the second filter chamber to a cleaning while said second filter chamber is off line for the separation operation from the raw gas stream; and separating the reaction product including the dusty adsorbent and the adsorbed material out of the second filter chamber, and operating simultaneously the first filter chamber in on-line operation;
wherein a second raw gas feed and a second pure gas channel are closed during the off line operation of the second filter chamber, and wherein fabric bags of the second fabric filter compartment are cleaned during this state of the processing.
5. The method for sorptive separation according to claim 1 further comprising cleaning some of the fabric bags present in the first filter chamber;
selecting a cycle of the off line/on-line operation for maintaining a selected set ratio of dusty adsorbent return relative to fresh dusty adsorbent entered per unit of time such that the amount of finally discharged dusty adsorbent is equal to the amount of fresh dusty adsorbent entered and fed in during the time duration of the on-line operation.
selecting a cycle of the off line/on-line operation for maintaining a selected set ratio of dusty adsorbent return relative to fresh dusty adsorbent entered per unit of time such that the amount of finally discharged dusty adsorbent is equal to the amount of fresh dusty adsorbent entered and fed in during the time duration of the on-line operation.
6. The method for sorptive separation according to claim 1 further comprising vibrating a wall of the filter chamber during operation and employing the neck both as a passage for feeding the gas to the filter chamber and as a passage for discharging dust collected at fabric filters of the first filter chamber, wherein the first neck is a Venturi pipe section, wherein the adsorbent outlet is a dust discharge valve disposed vertically below the first neck, which valve is closed during gas cleaning and which valve is open during regeneration of the filter bags.
7. The method for sorptive separation according to claim 1 further comprising beating a wall of the filter chamber repeatedly during operation for loosening deposits adhering to the wall.
8. A method for adsorption or chemisorption of gaseous materials out of a raw gas stream by reacting of dusty adsorbent with gas components to be adsorbed, wherein the raw gas and dusty adsorbent are fed to a separator structure with a filter chamber formed as a bag filter collector, wherein a trap shaft is disposed in the filter chamber, wherein a dusty adsorbent return is performed with a recirculation of from about a 20 to 80-fold amount relative to the amount of the employed fresh dusty adsorbent in the filter chamber, wherein a part of the raw gas is maintained in circulation in the fabric bag filter of the bag filter collector by way of the trap shaft with a nozzle, wherein the nozzle is disposed. below the trap shaft in order for the dusty adsorbent to fall onto the inclined floor toward the nozzle such that substantially all the dust falling from the bags during gas infeeding is put into circulation in the filter chamber and wherein upon switching off of the feeding of raw gas and of dusty adsorbent the separated dusty adsorbent in the filter chamber is extracted from the filter bag through said nozzle and is fed back into the recirculation after its cleaning.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the respective raw gas feed and the respective purified gas discharge are closed when the feeding in of raw gas and dusty adsorbent is switched off.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein circulation is resumed in the first filter chamber after the cleaning;
wherein a second filter chamber is subjected to a dust separator while the first chamber remains operating;
wherein a cycle of the off line/on-line operation is continued between the first filter chamber and the second filter chamber, wherein the cycle is selected for maintaining a selected set ratio of dusty adsorbent return relative to fresh dusty adsorbent such that an amount of discharged dusty adsorbent is equal to the amount of fresh dusty adsorbent entered and fed in during the time duration of the on-line operation, by cleaning a certain part amount of the fabric bags present in a respective filter chamber.
wherein a second filter chamber is subjected to a dust separator while the first chamber remains operating;
wherein a cycle of the off line/on-line operation is continued between the first filter chamber and the second filter chamber, wherein the cycle is selected for maintaining a selected set ratio of dusty adsorbent return relative to fresh dusty adsorbent such that an amount of discharged dusty adsorbent is equal to the amount of fresh dusty adsorbent entered and fed in during the time duration of the on-line operation, by cleaning a certain part amount of the fabric bags present in a respective filter chamber.
11. An apparatus for sorptive separation consisting essentially of a machine frame;
a filter chamber mounted on the machine frame and having a top and a bottom;
fabric filter bags disposed in said filter chamber, wherein the fabric filter bags surround a central free space of the respective one of the filter chamber;
an upper pure gas chamber connected apt a top of the filter chamber;
an inclined floor of the filter chamber;
a lower center opening in the inclined floor;
a trap shaft disposed within a free space inside the filter chamber at a distance relative to the upper pure gas chamber and above the lower center opening;
a restricted section forming a nozzle connected to the lower center opening in the inclined floor, wherein the restricted section is spaced apart from the trap shaft and wherein the restricted section is coordinated symmetrically and leaving an open passage distance to the lower end of the trap shaft and fixedly connected to the inclined floor in the region of the lower center opening of the inclined floor in order for the dusty adsorbent to fall onto the inclined floor toward the lower center opening such that substantially all the dust falling from the bags during gas infeeding is put into circulation in the filter chamber and for receiving and for passing through dusty adsorbent collected on the filter bags during a cleaning operation of the filter bags and said restricted section further having a lower opening;
a vertical riser conduit having a lower end and having an upper end connected to the restricted section;
a raw gas channel connected to the lower end of the vertical riser conduit;
a lower dust discharge connected at the bottom of the vertical riser conduit;
a discharge sluice furnished in the raw gas channel;
gas supply means connected to the raw gas channel for feeding gas to the raw gas channel.
a filter chamber mounted on the machine frame and having a top and a bottom;
fabric filter bags disposed in said filter chamber, wherein the fabric filter bags surround a central free space of the respective one of the filter chamber;
an upper pure gas chamber connected apt a top of the filter chamber;
an inclined floor of the filter chamber;
a lower center opening in the inclined floor;
a trap shaft disposed within a free space inside the filter chamber at a distance relative to the upper pure gas chamber and above the lower center opening;
a restricted section forming a nozzle connected to the lower center opening in the inclined floor, wherein the restricted section is spaced apart from the trap shaft and wherein the restricted section is coordinated symmetrically and leaving an open passage distance to the lower end of the trap shaft and fixedly connected to the inclined floor in the region of the lower center opening of the inclined floor in order for the dusty adsorbent to fall onto the inclined floor toward the lower center opening such that substantially all the dust falling from the bags during gas infeeding is put into circulation in the filter chamber and for receiving and for passing through dusty adsorbent collected on the filter bags during a cleaning operation of the filter bags and said restricted section further having a lower opening;
a vertical riser conduit having a lower end and having an upper end connected to the restricted section;
a raw gas channel connected to the lower end of the vertical riser conduit;
a lower dust discharge connected at the bottom of the vertical riser conduit;
a discharge sluice furnished in the raw gas channel;
gas supply means connected to the raw gas channel for feeding gas to the raw gas channel.
12. The apparatus for sorptive separation according to claim 1, wherein the inclined floor forms an angle of from about 20 to 30 degrees between a vertical line and a tangent face of an inclined wall of the filter chamber.
13. The apparatus for sorptive separation according to claim 11, further comprising opening and closing means disposed in the gas supply line for releasing operation and for blocking operation of the filter chamber.
14. The apparatus for sorptive separation according to claim 13, further comprising a second opening and closing means disposed in the raw gas channel for releasing operation and for blocking operation of the filter chamber thereby forming an air lock by combination of the first opening and closing means and of the second opening and closing means;
15 a feed for blocking air connected to the raw gas channel between the first opening and closing means and the second opening and closing means.
15. The apparatus for sorptive separation according to claim 11, further comprising a feed line for fresh adsorbent material joining the raw gas channel prior to the connection to the nozzle.
15. The apparatus for sorptive separation according to claim 11, further comprising a feed line for fresh adsorbent material joining the raw gas channel prior to the connection to the nozzle.
16. The apparatus for sorptive separation according to claim 11, further comprising gas supply means for splashing compressed gas into the filter chamber and located near the bottom of said vertical riser conduit to assist in removing dust from the vertical riser conduit.
17. The apparatus for sorptive separation according to claim 11 further comprising a feed line for delivering fresh dusty adsorbent material to the gas passing through the vertical riser conduit at a point prior to the connection of the vertical riser conduit to the restricted section.
18. The apparatus for sorptive separation according to claim 11 wherein the raw gas channel is disposed horizontally and is connected through an elbow to the lower end of the vertical riser conduit;
wherein the restricted section forming a nozzle is operatively connected to the bottom of the filter chamber;
wherein said restricted section in combination with the inclined floor of the filter chamber and a larger diameter of the vertical riser conduit forms the nozzle capable of collecting and passing particulates formed in the filter bags during operation.
wherein the restricted section forming a nozzle is operatively connected to the bottom of the filter chamber;
wherein said restricted section in combination with the inclined floor of the filter chamber and a larger diameter of the vertical riser conduit forms the nozzle capable of collecting and passing particulates formed in the filter bags during operation.
19. The apparatus for sorptive separation according to claim 11, further comprising wherein the vertical riser pipe is formed at it lower end like an elbow and where the elbow is furnished with an opening for the lower dust discharge sluice and wherein the lower dust discharge sluice includes a valve;
wherein the lower discharge sluice, the vertical riser conduit, the restricted section and the trap shaft are aligned along a vertical axis;
wherein the diameter of the vertical riser conduit is larger than the conduit of the trap shaft.
wherein the lower discharge sluice, the vertical riser conduit, the restricted section and the trap shaft are aligned along a vertical axis;
wherein the diameter of the vertical riser conduit is larger than the conduit of the trap shaft.
20. An apparatus for sorptive separation comprising bag filters disposed in a filter chamber, with filter bags surrounding a central free space, an upper pure gas chamber and a lower dust discharge, wherein an inclined floor with a feed opening for gas is provided to form a lower part of the filter chamber, wherein a trap shaft is disposed within the free space at a distance relative to a pure gas chamber part of the filter chamber and above the feed opening, wherein a restricted section forms a nozzle and is connected at an upper end to the feed opening, wherein the restricted section is coordinated symmetrically with a distance to the lower end of the trap shaft, wherein the inclined floor is fixedly connected in the region of its opening to the restricted section in order for the dusty adsorbent to fall onto an inclined floor toward a raw gas feed-in such that substantially all the dust falling from the bags during gas infeeding is put into circulation in the filter chamber and in order to pass dropping dusty adsorbent through the feed opening into and through the restricted section for removal and extraction of the dusty adsorbent during switching off of the gas feed-in of the respective filter bag for emptying the filter chamber of the dusty absorbent;
a vertical riser conduit connected at an upper end to a lower end of the restricted section;
a gas feed line connected to a lower end of the vertical riser conduit for feeding gas into the lower end of the vertical riser conduit; and a discharge sluice furnished in the gas feed line.
a vertical riser conduit connected at an upper end to a lower end of the restricted section;
a gas feed line connected to a lower end of the vertical riser conduit for feeding gas into the lower end of the vertical riser conduit; and a discharge sluice furnished in the gas feed line.
21. The apparatus for sorptive separation according to claim 20, further comprising vibration means disposed at an inclined section of the filter chamber;
a feed line for dusty adsorbent connected to the vertical riser conduit for delivering active dusty adsorbent material to the gas prior to reaching the restricted section;
gas supply means connected to the gas feed line;
a discharge member for spent dusty adsorbent disposed at a bottom of the vertical riser conduit;
an aeration line connected to the vertical riser conduit;
an aeration nozzle connected to the aeration line and directed toward the discharge member for loosening dust in a lower part of the vertical riser conduit upon a feeding of compressed air by the gas supply means;
an aeration valve disposed in the aeration line.
a feed line for dusty adsorbent connected to the vertical riser conduit for delivering active dusty adsorbent material to the gas prior to reaching the restricted section;
gas supply means connected to the gas feed line;
a discharge member for spent dusty adsorbent disposed at a bottom of the vertical riser conduit;
an aeration line connected to the vertical riser conduit;
an aeration nozzle connected to the aeration line and directed toward the discharge member for loosening dust in a lower part of the vertical riser conduit upon a feeding of compressed air by the gas supply means;
an aeration valve disposed in the aeration line.
22. A method for adsorption or chemisorption of gaseous material from a raw gas stream by adding dusty adsorbent for gas .components, wherein the raw gas and a fresh adsorbent are fed to a separator structure with a filter chamber formed as a bag filter, wherein a dust return is performed with a recirculation of from about 20 to 80-fold amount adsorbent in the filter chamber, and wherein a part of the gas is maintained in circulation in the bag filter with a trap shaft for gas flow distribution with a nozzle coordinated to the trap shaft, such that substantially all the dust falling from the bags during gas infeeding is put into circulation in the bag filter by the gas entering through the nozzle wherein the filter chamber is cleaned by closing of input side gas connection for separating the reaction product and wherein the entry of the adsorbents is thereby interrupted for the filter chamber and the reaction product is discharged, and wherein simultaneously the filter chamber is cleaned for maintaining the dust return and wherein the deposited dusty adsorbent is recycled.
23. The method according to claim 22, wherein the feed-in of the sorbent for the filter chamber, closed on the gas input side, is interrupted by a programmable control circuit.
24. The method according to claim 23, wherein the cycle of the off line/on-line operation selected for maintaining a selected set ratio of dusty adsorbent return relative to fresh dusty adsorbent entered such that the amount of discharged dusty adsorbent is equal to the amount of fresh dusty adsorbent entered and fed in during the time duration of the on-line operation by cleaning a certain part amount of the fabric filter bags present in one filter chamber.
25. The method according to claim 24, wherein the cycle of the off-line/on-line operation is controlled by a programmable control circuit.
26. The method for adsorption or chemisorption of gaseous material from a raw gas stream according to claim 22 further comprising feeding fresh dusty adsorbent to the raw gas stream.
27. The method for adsorption or chemisorption of gaseous material from a raw gas stream according to claim 22 further comprising discharging a part of dusty adsorbent from the filter chamber, wherein the part of dusty adsorbent is added to fresh dusty adsorbent such that the amount of discharged dust is equal to the amount of fresh dusty adsorbent entered and fed in during the time duration of the on-line operation.
28. The method for adsorption or chemisorption of gaseous material from a raw gas stream according to claim 22, further comprising collecting the dusty adsorbent falling onto an inclined floor into a center opening at the lower end of the inclined floor;
returning the dusty adsorbent falling onto the inclined floor into a circulation of the dusty adsorbent;
passing the dusty adsorbent through a riser pipe connected to the opening;
passing the dusty adsorbent through a discharge sluice connected to a bottom end of the riser pipe, wherein a dusty adsorbent return is performed with a recirculation of from about a 20 to 80-fold relative to the amount of fresh dusty adsorbent entered.
returning the dusty adsorbent falling onto the inclined floor into a circulation of the dusty adsorbent;
passing the dusty adsorbent through a riser pipe connected to the opening;
passing the dusty adsorbent through a discharge sluice connected to a bottom end of the riser pipe, wherein a dusty adsorbent return is performed with a recirculation of from about a 20 to 80-fold relative to the amount of fresh dusty adsorbent entered.
29. A method for adsorption or chemisorption of gaseous material from a raw gas stream comprising feeding a raw gas loaded with dusty adsorbent and recycled adsorbent dust to a separator structure with several bag filters, wherein the dusty adsorbent has properties to bind gas components of the raw gas, and where such gas components are to be removed from the raw gas;
creating a mixture of a dusty adsorbent and a raw gas and feeding said mixture into a filter chamber;
separating unreacted adsorbent in the filter chamber, wherein the dusty adsorbent falls onto an inclined floor toward a raw gas feed-in such that substantially all the dust falling from the brags during gas infeeding is put into circulation in the filter chamber;
switching the feeding of the filter chamber off;
blowing off the dusty adsorbent from filter bags, wherein the dusty adsorbent falls onto an inclined floor to be discharged at the time while the feeding of said mixture is switched off.
creating a mixture of a dusty adsorbent and a raw gas and feeding said mixture into a filter chamber;
separating unreacted adsorbent in the filter chamber, wherein the dusty adsorbent falls onto an inclined floor toward a raw gas feed-in such that substantially all the dust falling from the brags during gas infeeding is put into circulation in the filter chamber;
switching the feeding of the filter chamber off;
blowing off the dusty adsorbent from filter bags, wherein the dusty adsorbent falls onto an inclined floor to be discharged at the time while the feeding of said mixture is switched off.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4029395A DE4029395A1 (en) | 1990-09-17 | 1990-09-17 | Gas-solids fluidised contactor unit - has solids sepn. and controlled solids recycle comprising multiple compartmented bag filter units |
| DEP4029395.5-43 | 1990-09-17 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2051592A1 CA2051592A1 (en) | 1992-03-18 |
| CA2051592C true CA2051592C (en) | 2000-04-18 |
Family
ID=6414381
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002051592A Expired - Fee Related CA2051592C (en) | 1990-09-17 | 1991-09-17 | Method and apparatus for the adsorption or chemisorption of gaseous components of a gas stream |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0476300B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE117583T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2051592C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4029395A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0476300T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2069139T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4212769A1 (en) * | 1992-04-16 | 1993-10-21 | Schumacher Umwelt Trenntech | Device for the uniform distribution of a two-phase flow |
| DE19523417C1 (en) * | 1995-06-28 | 1996-11-14 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Process for dedusting a raw gas stream and / or sorption of gaseous substances from the raw gas stream and device for carrying out the process |
| US6290752B1 (en) | 1998-10-22 | 2001-09-18 | Von Roll Umwelttechnik Ag | Device and process for adsorption or chemisorption of gaseous constituents from a gas flow |
| US6610263B2 (en) * | 2000-08-01 | 2003-08-26 | Enviroscrub Technologies Corporation | System and process for removal of pollutants from a gas stream |
| CN109529540A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2019-03-29 | 镇江联智机电设备有限公司 | The exhaust treatment system of wood-based plate manufacture |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS51117373A (en) * | 1975-04-08 | 1976-10-15 | Taisei Corp | Tar mist contained waste gas purifying device |
| DE3801913A1 (en) * | 1988-01-23 | 1989-08-03 | Walther & Cie Ag | Process and apparatus for the adsorption or chemisorption of gaseous constituents from a gas stream |
| DE3925818A1 (en) * | 1989-08-04 | 1991-02-07 | Intensiv Filter Gmbh | Dust removal from zinc baths in hot galvanising unit - uses auxiliary zinc ash dust flow which facilitates dust extn. and when satd. is processed for reuse |
-
1990
- 1990-09-17 DE DE4029395A patent/DE4029395A1/en active Granted
-
1991
- 1991-08-13 DK DK91113558.0T patent/DK0476300T3/en active
- 1991-08-13 DE DE59104383T patent/DE59104383D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-08-13 AT AT91113558T patent/ATE117583T1/en active
- 1991-08-13 EP EP91113558A patent/EP0476300B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-13 ES ES91113558T patent/ES2069139T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-09-17 CA CA002051592A patent/CA2051592C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE4029395A1 (en) | 1992-03-19 |
| ES2069139T3 (en) | 1995-05-01 |
| EP0476300A1 (en) | 1992-03-25 |
| ATE117583T1 (en) | 1995-02-15 |
| DE4029395C2 (en) | 1993-02-04 |
| EP0476300B1 (en) | 1995-01-25 |
| DK0476300T3 (en) | 1995-05-22 |
| DE59104383D1 (en) | 1995-03-09 |
| CA2051592A1 (en) | 1992-03-18 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |