CA2042533A1 - Hydraulic valve - Google Patents
Hydraulic valveInfo
- Publication number
- CA2042533A1 CA2042533A1 CA002042533A CA2042533A CA2042533A1 CA 2042533 A1 CA2042533 A1 CA 2042533A1 CA 002042533 A CA002042533 A CA 002042533A CA 2042533 A CA2042533 A CA 2042533A CA 2042533 A1 CA2042533 A1 CA 2042533A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- hydraulic valve
- valve
- piston
- piston part
- feed line
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K17/00—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
- F16K17/20—Excess-flow valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
- F16K31/12—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid
- F16K31/122—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid the fluid acting on a piston
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Safety Valves (AREA)
- Fluid-Driven Valves (AREA)
- Lift Valve (AREA)
- Check Valves (AREA)
- Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Hydraulic valve This hydraulic valve has a housing (2) with a feed line (12) and a discharge line (14) for a fluid. A
sealing point is provided between the feed line and discharge line. An accumulator acts in the closing direction on the sealing point via a piston.
The aim is to create a hydraulic valve which requires no additional energy source. This is achieved when the piston (8, 23) can be moved in the opening direction merely by a total of the pressures present in the feed line (12) and in the discharge line (14).
(Single figure)
Hydraulic valve This hydraulic valve has a housing (2) with a feed line (12) and a discharge line (14) for a fluid. A
sealing point is provided between the feed line and discharge line. An accumulator acts in the closing direction on the sealing point via a piston.
The aim is to create a hydraulic valve which requires no additional energy source. This is achieved when the piston (8, 23) can be moved in the opening direction merely by a total of the pressures present in the feed line (12) and in the discharge line (14).
(Single figure)
Description
204;~:533 TITLE OF THE INVENTION
Hydraulic valve BACKGROU21~ OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention The present invention proceeds from a hydraulic valve in accordance with the first part of claim 1.
Discussion of Backaround ~ydraulic valves which can release or cut off the flow of a fluid are known. These valves are frequently actuated by an electromagnet. An accumulator ensures that these valves close in the event of failure of the electric energy. Such a valve has a sealing point which i~ constructed in accordance with the particular requirements. An axially movable piston carries the movable parts of the ~ealing point, while the fixed parts are let into a housing of the valve.
The fluid of which the flow i~ released or cut off is under pressure, but this pressure energy is not used as a rule to actuate the valve, 80 that an additional energy ~ource i~ further alway~ required.
SUMMARY OF T~ INVENTION
Accordingly, the object of this invention as typified in the claim~ is to provide a novel solution to the task of creating a hydraulic valve which requires no additional energy source.
The advantages achieved by means of the invention are essentially to be seen in that no separate line must be built for an additional energy supply for actuating the valve.
The further embodiments of the invention are the subject~ of the dependent claiMs.
The invention, it~ further development and the advantage~ achievable therewith are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, which represents only one possible embodiment.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A more complete appreciation of the invention and many of the attendant advantages thereof will be readily obtained as the ~ame become~ better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanyin~ drawing, wherein one embodiment of the invention i~ shown.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to the drawing, the single figure shows a diagrammatic representation of a hydraulic valve 1, which i8 accommodated in a bipartite housing 2 having an upper part 3 and a lower part 4. The bipartite hou~ing 2 i9 held together by screws (not represented), and sealed against escaping fluid at the separation location by a ~eal 5. Moreover, a ring 6 of metal, which is constructed a~ a stationary part of a sealing seat, is fixed between the upper part 3 and lower part 4. The aseociated movable part is worked as a ring surface 7 onto the top of a lower piston part 8.
The lower pieton part 8 i~ cylindrically constructed and slides in a cylindrical bore 9 of the lower part 4 of the housing 2. The lower piston part 8 is guided tightly by the bore 9. In the region inside the bore 9, the lower piston part 8 has hydraulic centering grooves 10 distributed on the surface, of which some are indicated. The lower piston part 8 taper~ ~omewhat downwards, and a ring surface 11 which i8 constructed as a movable part of a further sealing seat is worked onto its lower end. The opposite fixed part of the sealing seat is designed here as a part of the lower part 4 of the housing 2. Howe~er, it is also possible for this purpose to let a special ring into the lower part 4. This ~ealing seat ~huts off a feed line 12 from a valve chamber 13 in the interior of the lower part 4.
2042~i3:~
A discharge line 14 leadQ out o~ this valve chamber 13.
Both the feed line 12 and the discharge line 14 are configured such that pipes can be screwed into them. A~
indicated diagrammatically by an arrow 15, the fluid then flows in through these pipes when the ring surface 11 lifts from the fixed part of the sealing seat, and leaves the valve chamber 13 through the discharge line 14 in the direction of an arrow 16.
A cylindrical bore 20, the center axis of which extends parallel to the center axis of the bore 9, is provided in the upper part 3 of the housing 2. The bore 20 has a step 21, from which a blind bore 22 having a smaller diameter than that of the bore 20, but having the same center axis, is introduced into the upper part 3. Guided in the ~lind bore 22 iB a cylindrically constructed upper piston part 23, which in the region of the bore 20 has a flange 24 which i~ guided through the inner wall of the bore 20, so that the upper piston part 23 cannot tilt. The end 25 of the upper piston part 23 that faces the lower piston part 8 is constructed convexly and bears on a flat surface 26 of the lower pi~ton part 8. It i8 pressed against the lower pi~ton part 8 by a plate spring assembly 27 which is supported, on the one hand, against the atep 21 and, on the other hand, against a shoulder of the flange 24.
The lower piston part 8 transmits thi~ force to the sealing seat by means of the ring surface 11, which shuts off the feed line 12.
The upper piston part 23 has a bore 28 which connects the residual volume of the blind bore 22 to a volume 29 below the flange 24. The flange 24 ha~ bores 30 which connect the interior, stressed by the plate ~pring assembly 27, of the bore 20 to the volume 29.
The volume 29 reaches downwards as far as the surface 26 of the lower piston part 23. The volume 29 is connected via a bore 31, into which a pipe connection can be screwed, to a di~charge device (not represented), 80 that gases and residual fluids can be ~ 4 ~ 2~42~33 removed from the volume 29 in the direction of an arrow 32.
The single figure may be examined in more detail in order to explain the mode of operation. The hydraulic valve 1 shown can be u~ed, for example, in a hydraulic safety and control system for the steam feed of a turbine. In thiR case, a hydraulic oil, for example, would be used as the fluid. The valve 1 is firstly closed, and the oil present in *he feed line 12 under pressure cannot flow. However, the hydraulic safety and control system is filled with oil via a bypass (not represented). As a result, the pressure in the discharge line 14, which leads into the hydraulic safety and control system, rises with increasing filling level. As soon as half the nominal operating pressure has been reached in the valve chamber 13, the force on the lower piston part 8, which is generated by the pressure in the valve chamber 13, i~ sufficient in conjunction with the force generated by the pressure in the feed line 12 to move the lower piston part 8 upwards against the force of the plate spring assembly 27. The valve 1 opens and, as indicated by the arrows 15 and 16, oil flows under pressure through the valve 1 and feed~ the safety and control system.
During the build-up of pressure in the valve chamber 13 the lower and upper piston parts 8, 23 are in the position represented. Oil i8 pressed upwards through the gap between the lower piston part 8 and the inner wall of the bore 9 into the volume 29 from where, as the arrow 32 indicates, it is conducted into a discharge device. Consequently, this gap may only be small, because otherwise the oil flowing off would render a build-up of pressure in the valve chamber 13 impossible.
In the open position of the valve 1, the ring surface 7 pressed against the ring 6 seals off the flow of oil into the volume 29. The openinq of the valve l must take place rapidly, and therefore the blind bore _ 5 _ 204~533 22 i~ ventilated through the bore 28 and the bore 20 through the bore 30 into the volume 290 and further through the bore 31 into the discharge device. Upon clo~ure of the valve, these bores are correspondingly aerated, in order to achieve a rapid clo~ing movement in this way. The surface of the lower piston part 8 i8 provided with centering grooves 10, a~ a re~ult of which it i~ the case that the lower pi~ton part 8 i~
always well centered in the bore 9 and is therefore prevented from jamming.
The mounting of the valve 1 i8 facilitated due to the fact that it can be assembled from two component~. One component consist~ of the upper part 3 of the hou~ing 2 with the installed upper piston part 23, the plate spring assembly 27 and the ring 6. The other component consists of the lower part 4 of the hou~ing 2 with the installed lower piston part 8.
Joining the two components is pos~ible comparatively e~ily, since there i9 no continuou~ piston to demand a aomplicated alignment of the two parts of the housing to a common longitudinal axi~. The convexly constructed end 25 of the upper piston part 23, and the ~urface 26 of the lower pi~ton part 8 interact perfectly, even if the particular longitudinal axes are offset with respect to one another, if they form an angle with respect to one another, or if both are the case.
Jamming of the valve 1 is excluded in any ca~e. The upper piston part 23 is guided twice, once in the bore 22 and once via the outside of the flange 24 in the bore 20, 80 that even here jamming is excluded.
When the valve 1 i~ open, which i~ alway~ the ca~e in normal operation, oil flows through the valve chamber 13 into the discharge line 14. This part of the valve i~ constructed ~uch that this flow process is not impeded, in particular reductions of the flow cro~q-section are avoided. If, now, a pressure drop occur~ in the safety and control system, for example because of a leak in the form of a pipe fracture, the pres~ure in - 6 - ;2042533 the valve chamber 13 also immediately drops to values below half the nominal pressure. Consequently, the force exerted by the plate spring assembly 27 prevails and immediately closes the valve 1. Feeding of oil via the feed line 12 i8 interrupted immediately, so that no oil can be pressed out under pressure from the point of leakage, 90 that consequential damage can be kept low.
It is particularly advantageous that there is no need to bring up external energy to actuate the valve 1, so that it always operates reliably independently of any possible external energy that is ~ubject to failure.
Obviously, numerous modifications and varia-tions of the present invention are po~sible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as speaifically described herein.
Hydraulic valve BACKGROU21~ OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention The present invention proceeds from a hydraulic valve in accordance with the first part of claim 1.
Discussion of Backaround ~ydraulic valves which can release or cut off the flow of a fluid are known. These valves are frequently actuated by an electromagnet. An accumulator ensures that these valves close in the event of failure of the electric energy. Such a valve has a sealing point which i~ constructed in accordance with the particular requirements. An axially movable piston carries the movable parts of the ~ealing point, while the fixed parts are let into a housing of the valve.
The fluid of which the flow i~ released or cut off is under pressure, but this pressure energy is not used as a rule to actuate the valve, 80 that an additional energy ~ource i~ further alway~ required.
SUMMARY OF T~ INVENTION
Accordingly, the object of this invention as typified in the claim~ is to provide a novel solution to the task of creating a hydraulic valve which requires no additional energy source.
The advantages achieved by means of the invention are essentially to be seen in that no separate line must be built for an additional energy supply for actuating the valve.
The further embodiments of the invention are the subject~ of the dependent claiMs.
The invention, it~ further development and the advantage~ achievable therewith are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, which represents only one possible embodiment.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A more complete appreciation of the invention and many of the attendant advantages thereof will be readily obtained as the ~ame become~ better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanyin~ drawing, wherein one embodiment of the invention i~ shown.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to the drawing, the single figure shows a diagrammatic representation of a hydraulic valve 1, which i8 accommodated in a bipartite housing 2 having an upper part 3 and a lower part 4. The bipartite hou~ing 2 i9 held together by screws (not represented), and sealed against escaping fluid at the separation location by a ~eal 5. Moreover, a ring 6 of metal, which is constructed a~ a stationary part of a sealing seat, is fixed between the upper part 3 and lower part 4. The aseociated movable part is worked as a ring surface 7 onto the top of a lower piston part 8.
The lower pieton part 8 i~ cylindrically constructed and slides in a cylindrical bore 9 of the lower part 4 of the housing 2. The lower piston part 8 is guided tightly by the bore 9. In the region inside the bore 9, the lower piston part 8 has hydraulic centering grooves 10 distributed on the surface, of which some are indicated. The lower piston part 8 taper~ ~omewhat downwards, and a ring surface 11 which i8 constructed as a movable part of a further sealing seat is worked onto its lower end. The opposite fixed part of the sealing seat is designed here as a part of the lower part 4 of the housing 2. Howe~er, it is also possible for this purpose to let a special ring into the lower part 4. This ~ealing seat ~huts off a feed line 12 from a valve chamber 13 in the interior of the lower part 4.
2042~i3:~
A discharge line 14 leadQ out o~ this valve chamber 13.
Both the feed line 12 and the discharge line 14 are configured such that pipes can be screwed into them. A~
indicated diagrammatically by an arrow 15, the fluid then flows in through these pipes when the ring surface 11 lifts from the fixed part of the sealing seat, and leaves the valve chamber 13 through the discharge line 14 in the direction of an arrow 16.
A cylindrical bore 20, the center axis of which extends parallel to the center axis of the bore 9, is provided in the upper part 3 of the housing 2. The bore 20 has a step 21, from which a blind bore 22 having a smaller diameter than that of the bore 20, but having the same center axis, is introduced into the upper part 3. Guided in the ~lind bore 22 iB a cylindrically constructed upper piston part 23, which in the region of the bore 20 has a flange 24 which i~ guided through the inner wall of the bore 20, so that the upper piston part 23 cannot tilt. The end 25 of the upper piston part 23 that faces the lower piston part 8 is constructed convexly and bears on a flat surface 26 of the lower pi~ton part 8. It i8 pressed against the lower pi~ton part 8 by a plate spring assembly 27 which is supported, on the one hand, against the atep 21 and, on the other hand, against a shoulder of the flange 24.
The lower piston part 8 transmits thi~ force to the sealing seat by means of the ring surface 11, which shuts off the feed line 12.
The upper piston part 23 has a bore 28 which connects the residual volume of the blind bore 22 to a volume 29 below the flange 24. The flange 24 ha~ bores 30 which connect the interior, stressed by the plate ~pring assembly 27, of the bore 20 to the volume 29.
The volume 29 reaches downwards as far as the surface 26 of the lower piston part 23. The volume 29 is connected via a bore 31, into which a pipe connection can be screwed, to a di~charge device (not represented), 80 that gases and residual fluids can be ~ 4 ~ 2~42~33 removed from the volume 29 in the direction of an arrow 32.
The single figure may be examined in more detail in order to explain the mode of operation. The hydraulic valve 1 shown can be u~ed, for example, in a hydraulic safety and control system for the steam feed of a turbine. In thiR case, a hydraulic oil, for example, would be used as the fluid. The valve 1 is firstly closed, and the oil present in *he feed line 12 under pressure cannot flow. However, the hydraulic safety and control system is filled with oil via a bypass (not represented). As a result, the pressure in the discharge line 14, which leads into the hydraulic safety and control system, rises with increasing filling level. As soon as half the nominal operating pressure has been reached in the valve chamber 13, the force on the lower piston part 8, which is generated by the pressure in the valve chamber 13, i~ sufficient in conjunction with the force generated by the pressure in the feed line 12 to move the lower piston part 8 upwards against the force of the plate spring assembly 27. The valve 1 opens and, as indicated by the arrows 15 and 16, oil flows under pressure through the valve 1 and feed~ the safety and control system.
During the build-up of pressure in the valve chamber 13 the lower and upper piston parts 8, 23 are in the position represented. Oil i8 pressed upwards through the gap between the lower piston part 8 and the inner wall of the bore 9 into the volume 29 from where, as the arrow 32 indicates, it is conducted into a discharge device. Consequently, this gap may only be small, because otherwise the oil flowing off would render a build-up of pressure in the valve chamber 13 impossible.
In the open position of the valve 1, the ring surface 7 pressed against the ring 6 seals off the flow of oil into the volume 29. The openinq of the valve l must take place rapidly, and therefore the blind bore _ 5 _ 204~533 22 i~ ventilated through the bore 28 and the bore 20 through the bore 30 into the volume 290 and further through the bore 31 into the discharge device. Upon clo~ure of the valve, these bores are correspondingly aerated, in order to achieve a rapid clo~ing movement in this way. The surface of the lower piston part 8 i8 provided with centering grooves 10, a~ a re~ult of which it i~ the case that the lower pi~ton part 8 i~
always well centered in the bore 9 and is therefore prevented from jamming.
The mounting of the valve 1 i8 facilitated due to the fact that it can be assembled from two component~. One component consist~ of the upper part 3 of the hou~ing 2 with the installed upper piston part 23, the plate spring assembly 27 and the ring 6. The other component consists of the lower part 4 of the hou~ing 2 with the installed lower piston part 8.
Joining the two components is pos~ible comparatively e~ily, since there i9 no continuou~ piston to demand a aomplicated alignment of the two parts of the housing to a common longitudinal axi~. The convexly constructed end 25 of the upper piston part 23, and the ~urface 26 of the lower pi~ton part 8 interact perfectly, even if the particular longitudinal axes are offset with respect to one another, if they form an angle with respect to one another, or if both are the case.
Jamming of the valve 1 is excluded in any ca~e. The upper piston part 23 is guided twice, once in the bore 22 and once via the outside of the flange 24 in the bore 20, 80 that even here jamming is excluded.
When the valve 1 i~ open, which i~ alway~ the ca~e in normal operation, oil flows through the valve chamber 13 into the discharge line 14. This part of the valve i~ constructed ~uch that this flow process is not impeded, in particular reductions of the flow cro~q-section are avoided. If, now, a pressure drop occur~ in the safety and control system, for example because of a leak in the form of a pipe fracture, the pres~ure in - 6 - ;2042533 the valve chamber 13 also immediately drops to values below half the nominal pressure. Consequently, the force exerted by the plate spring assembly 27 prevails and immediately closes the valve 1. Feeding of oil via the feed line 12 i8 interrupted immediately, so that no oil can be pressed out under pressure from the point of leakage, 90 that consequential damage can be kept low.
It is particularly advantageous that there is no need to bring up external energy to actuate the valve 1, so that it always operates reliably independently of any possible external energy that is ~ubject to failure.
Obviously, numerous modifications and varia-tions of the present invention are po~sible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as speaifically described herein.
Claims (10)
1. A hydraulic valve (1) having a housing (2), at least one feed line (12) and at least one discharge line (14) for a pressurized fluid, a sealing point between the feed line (12) and the discharge line (14), an axially movable piston which carries a movable part of the sealing point, and an accumulator acting on the piston in the closing direction of the sealing point, wherein - the piston can be actuated in the opening direction merely by a total of the pressures present in the at least one feed line (12) and in the at least one discharge line (14), and - the accumulator is dimensioned such that the force which it applies is always larger than the force, opposing it, applied to the piston merely by the pressure in the feed line (12).
2. The hydraulic valve as claimed in claim 1, wherein - the piston is constructed in one piece.
3. The hydraulic valve as claimed in claim 1, wherein - the piston is divided into at least one lower piston part (8) and into at least one upper piston part (23), which are operationally connected.
4. The hydraulic valve as claimed in claim 1, wherein - the housing (2) is divided into at least one upper part (3) and at least one lower part (4).
5. The hydraulic valve as claimed in claim 3, wherein - an end (25), interacting with the lower piston part (8), of the upper piston part (23) is constructed convexly, and - the convexly constructed end (25) bears on a flat surface (26) of the lower piston part (8).
6. The hydraulic valve as claimed in claim 3, wherein - when the valve (1) is closed escape of the fluid past the lower piston part (8) into a discharge device is delayed, and - when the valve (1) is open a seating valve prevents escape of the fluid.
7. The hydraulic valve as claimed in claim 6, wherein - a ring surface (7) interacts in the seating valve with a ring (6), and - the ring surface (7) is worked onto the lower piston part (8).
8. The hydraulic valve as claimed in claim 3, wherein - the lower piston part (8) has hydraulic centering grooves (10).
9. The hydraulic valve as claimed in claim 3, wherein - the upper piston part (23) has bores (28, 30) through which cavities in the housing (2) can be ventilated or aerated.
10. The hydraulic valve as claimed in claim 1, wherein - at least one plate spring assembly (27) is provided as the accumulator.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH202290 | 1990-06-18 | ||
| CH2022/90-5 | 1990-06-18 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2042533A1 true CA2042533A1 (en) | 1991-12-19 |
Family
ID=4224085
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002042533A Abandoned CA2042533A1 (en) | 1990-06-18 | 1991-05-14 | Hydraulic valve |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0462392B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH04231783A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR920001106A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU650450B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9102483A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2042533A1 (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ281232B6 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59103005D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0462392T3 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL167724B1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2068520C1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA913826B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102865395B (en) * | 2011-07-04 | 2014-03-26 | 贵州红林机械有限公司 | Inserted pressure regulating valve |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2928737C2 (en) * | 1979-07-17 | 1987-01-02 | Mannesmann AG, 4000 Düsseldorf | Hydraulic control with a pipe rupture protection device for a positioning cylinder, especially for a driven strand guide roller in continuous casting plants |
| BE1002336A6 (en) * | 1989-04-28 | 1990-12-18 | S Mcd Murphy & Partners Ltd | Safety valve. |
-
1991
- 1991-05-10 DK DK91107571.1T patent/DK0462392T3/en active
- 1991-05-10 DE DE59103005T patent/DE59103005D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-05-10 EP EP91107571A patent/EP0462392B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-05-14 CA CA002042533A patent/CA2042533A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-05-20 AU AU77155/91A patent/AU650450B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-05-21 ZA ZA913826A patent/ZA913826B/en unknown
- 1991-06-14 PL PL91290680A patent/PL167724B1/en unknown
- 1991-06-17 JP JP3144434A patent/JPH04231783A/en active Pending
- 1991-06-17 RU SU914895627A patent/RU2068520C1/en active
- 1991-06-17 CZ CS911853A patent/CZ281232B6/en unknown
- 1991-06-17 BR BR919102483A patent/BR9102483A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-06-18 KR KR1019910010098A patent/KR920001106A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0462392A1 (en) | 1991-12-27 |
| DE59103005D1 (en) | 1994-10-27 |
| CS185391A3 (en) | 1992-01-15 |
| BR9102483A (en) | 1992-01-21 |
| CZ281232B6 (en) | 1996-07-17 |
| JPH04231783A (en) | 1992-08-20 |
| AU650450B2 (en) | 1994-06-23 |
| DK0462392T3 (en) | 1995-03-13 |
| AU7715591A (en) | 1991-12-19 |
| PL167724B1 (en) | 1995-10-31 |
| RU2068520C1 (en) | 1996-10-27 |
| KR920001106A (en) | 1992-01-30 |
| PL290680A1 (en) | 1992-03-23 |
| EP0462392B1 (en) | 1994-09-21 |
| ZA913826B (en) | 1992-02-26 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Dead |