CA2033829A1 - Fuel for internal combustion engines - Google Patents
Fuel for internal combustion enginesInfo
- Publication number
- CA2033829A1 CA2033829A1 CA002033829A CA2033829A CA2033829A1 CA 2033829 A1 CA2033829 A1 CA 2033829A1 CA 002033829 A CA002033829 A CA 002033829A CA 2033829 A CA2033829 A CA 2033829A CA 2033829 A1 CA2033829 A1 CA 2033829A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- amide
- chain
- ammonium salt
- straight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
- C10L1/2222—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
- C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
- F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
- F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
BASF Aktiengesellschaft O.Z. 0050/41339 Fuel for internal combustion engines Abstract of the disclosure:
An otto-cycle engine fuel containing a small amount of an amide,amide/ammonium salt and/or ammonium salt of an aminoalkylene polycarboxylic acid and a long-chain secondary amine as additive for cleaning the carburetor and valves.
An otto-cycle engine fuel containing a small amount of an amide,amide/ammonium salt and/or ammonium salt of an aminoalkylene polycarboxylic acid and a long-chain secondary amine as additive for cleaning the carburetor and valves.
Description
FUEL F~R OTTO-CYCLE ENGINES
20~Q~i~
The present invention relates to a otto-cycle engine fuel con-taining a minor amount of an amide of an aminoalkylene polycarboxylic acid and a secondary long-chain amine.
wThe carburetor and suction system in otto-cycle engines and also the injection system for metering fuel in otto-c~cle and diesel engines are becoming more and more contaminated by tust particles from the air, by unburned hytrocarbon residues from the combustion chamber and by crankcase breather gases suc~ed into the carburetor.
When the engine runs under no-load or low-load conditions, these residues effect a shift in the air/fuel ratio to produce a richer mixture. The re-sult is less complete fuel combustion, which in turn increases the propor-tion of unburned or partially burned hydrocarbons in the exhaust and ef-sofects a rise in fuel consumption.
known method of overcoming such drawbacks is to use fuel additives de-signed to keep valves, carburetors and in~ection systems clean (cf., for example, ~. Rosse~beck ln ~atalys~toren, Tenslde, Mlner~l~ladtitive, 2~ edited by J. Falbe ~nd U. H~sserodt, pp. 223 et seq. G. Th~eme Verlag, Stuttg7rt 197~).
At present, such detergent atditives sre divided into two genorations de-pending on their action and the~r preferential locus of action.
.0 The first additive generstion was only capable of preventing new teposits in the suction system without being able to remove old deposits, whll~t modern atditives of the second generation can do both (Ukeep-clean~ and ~clean-up~ effects) and are partic~larly effective, due to changed thermal .,properties, in high-temperature zones, i.e. at the inlet valves.
The principle underlying the molecular structure of fuel detergents may be generalized BS the linkage of polar structures with non-polar or lipophilic radicals ~sually of relatively high molecular weight.
o Particularly useful representatives of the second generation of additives are, in addition to products based on polyisobuteDes, e.g. polyisobutyl-amine as tescribet in DE-OS 3,611,230, and in particular amides, imides and combined imide/amides of various carboxylic acids and polycarboxylic sacids.
IL~"F A~ti~n~e~llschnt 2 O~Z.0050/1.133~
, Particularly noteworthy in this respect are the known active2 ~ ~r based on trilon derivatives and higher branched amines as described in EP-A2 0,006,527.
SUe have now found, surprisingly, that a particularly good carburetor and valve cleaning effect is achieved when a fuel for otto-cycle en-giDes contains, in a concentration of from 100 to 500 ppm, an amide, an amide/ammonium salt or an ammonium salt of an aminoalkylene polycarboxylic acit and a secondary fatty amine or a mixture thereof of the formulae I
.oand II
,N-CO-cH2 /CH rCO-N~
N-A-N (I) ,N-co-c62 CH2-CO-N~
~, R
f H2--CO--~
N\--CH~-CO-N~ (II) CH2--CO--N~
in which A is a straight-chain or branched-chain alkylene radical of from 2 to 6 carbon atoms or a radical of the formula -CH2_cH2-l-cH2_cHR_ CH rCON~
and u R denotes substantially straight-chain aliphatic radicals, particularly C~O-C3D-alkyl and preferably Cl4-C24-alkyl, and some or all of the amide structures may be in the form of ammonium structures of the formula ~s R e /~ .
The amides or amide/ammonium salts or ammonium salts of, for example, ni-trilotriacetic~acid, ethylenediaminotetraacetic acid or propylene-1,2-di-aminotetraacetic acid are obtained by reacting the acid with from 0.5 to 1.5, preferably 0.8 to 1.2, moles of amine per carboxyl group.
20~Q~i~
The present invention relates to a otto-cycle engine fuel con-taining a minor amount of an amide of an aminoalkylene polycarboxylic acid and a secondary long-chain amine.
wThe carburetor and suction system in otto-cycle engines and also the injection system for metering fuel in otto-c~cle and diesel engines are becoming more and more contaminated by tust particles from the air, by unburned hytrocarbon residues from the combustion chamber and by crankcase breather gases suc~ed into the carburetor.
When the engine runs under no-load or low-load conditions, these residues effect a shift in the air/fuel ratio to produce a richer mixture. The re-sult is less complete fuel combustion, which in turn increases the propor-tion of unburned or partially burned hydrocarbons in the exhaust and ef-sofects a rise in fuel consumption.
known method of overcoming such drawbacks is to use fuel additives de-signed to keep valves, carburetors and in~ection systems clean (cf., for example, ~. Rosse~beck ln ~atalys~toren, Tenslde, Mlner~l~ladtitive, 2~ edited by J. Falbe ~nd U. H~sserodt, pp. 223 et seq. G. Th~eme Verlag, Stuttg7rt 197~).
At present, such detergent atditives sre divided into two genorations de-pending on their action and the~r preferential locus of action.
.0 The first additive generstion was only capable of preventing new teposits in the suction system without being able to remove old deposits, whll~t modern atditives of the second generation can do both (Ukeep-clean~ and ~clean-up~ effects) and are partic~larly effective, due to changed thermal .,properties, in high-temperature zones, i.e. at the inlet valves.
The principle underlying the molecular structure of fuel detergents may be generalized BS the linkage of polar structures with non-polar or lipophilic radicals ~sually of relatively high molecular weight.
o Particularly useful representatives of the second generation of additives are, in addition to products based on polyisobuteDes, e.g. polyisobutyl-amine as tescribet in DE-OS 3,611,230, and in particular amides, imides and combined imide/amides of various carboxylic acids and polycarboxylic sacids.
IL~"F A~ti~n~e~llschnt 2 O~Z.0050/1.133~
, Particularly noteworthy in this respect are the known active2 ~ ~r based on trilon derivatives and higher branched amines as described in EP-A2 0,006,527.
SUe have now found, surprisingly, that a particularly good carburetor and valve cleaning effect is achieved when a fuel for otto-cycle en-giDes contains, in a concentration of from 100 to 500 ppm, an amide, an amide/ammonium salt or an ammonium salt of an aminoalkylene polycarboxylic acit and a secondary fatty amine or a mixture thereof of the formulae I
.oand II
,N-CO-cH2 /CH rCO-N~
N-A-N (I) ,N-co-c62 CH2-CO-N~
~, R
f H2--CO--~
N\--CH~-CO-N~ (II) CH2--CO--N~
in which A is a straight-chain or branched-chain alkylene radical of from 2 to 6 carbon atoms or a radical of the formula -CH2_cH2-l-cH2_cHR_ CH rCON~
and u R denotes substantially straight-chain aliphatic radicals, particularly C~O-C3D-alkyl and preferably Cl4-C24-alkyl, and some or all of the amide structures may be in the form of ammonium structures of the formula ~s R e /~ .
The amides or amide/ammonium salts or ammonium salts of, for example, ni-trilotriacetic~acid, ethylenediaminotetraacetic acid or propylene-1,2-di-aminotetraacetic acid are obtained by reacting the acid with from 0.5 to 1.5, preferably 0.8 to 1.2, moles of amine per carboxyl group.
BASF Alcti~ ellsc~sf~ 3 O.Z.ODSO/41339 2 ~
The reaction temperature is between approx. 80 and 200 C, and to prepare the amides, continuous removal of the water of reaction is required. How-ever, complete conversion to amide is not necessary and it is highly ac-ceptable for from OZ to lOOX molar of the amine reacted to be converted to ,the ammonium salt.
Suitable amines of the formula ~H
R
~are, in particular, dialkylamines in which R is a straight-chain C10-C30-and preferably Cl4-C24-alkyl radical. Specific examples are dioleylamine, dipalmitinamine, dicoconut fatty smine, dibehenylamine and, preferably, ditallow fatty amine.
20 The amides or ammonium salts of aminoalkylene polycarboxylic acids of for-mulae I and II to be used in the present invention are added to the fuel in an amount of from 50 to 1000 ppm and preferably from 100 to 500 ppm.
A suitable otto-cycle engine fuel is a leaded or unleaded normal 2~ or super gasoline. Such gasoline may contain components other than hydr~-carbons, for example alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and t-butanol or ethers such as methyl-t-butyl ether. In addition to the smides of aminoalkylene polycarboxylic acids to be used in accordance with the pre-sent invention, the fuel will usually contain further additives such as ,Ocorrosion inhibitors, stabilizers, antioxidants and/or detergents.
Corrosion inhibltors are usually ammonium salts of organic carboxylic acids showing a tendency to film formation due to an appropriate structure of the parent compounds. Amines are also frequently present in corrosion " inhibitors to lower their p~. Corrosion inhibitors for non-ferrous metals usually comprise heterocyclic aromatics.
Examples of antioxidants or stabilizers are, in particular, amines such as para-phenylenediamine, dicyclohexylamine, morpholine or derivatives of ~ossid amines. Phenolic antioxidants such as 2,4-di-t-butylphenol or 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid and derivatives thereof are also added to fuels and lubricants.
IIASF ~Uctl~nges~llscD~t ~ U.~..UI/~V~ Y
2 ~ J $
Other carburetor, injector and valve detergents which may be present in the fuel are, for example, amides and imides of polyisobutylene succin-aldehyde, polybutene polyamines and long-chain carboxamides and long-chain carboximides.
Examples A) Preparation of amides of nitriloacetic acids 1)240 g (0.48 mole) of ditallow fatty amine and 35 g (0.12 mole) of ethylenediaminotetraacetic acid were melted and heated at 190 C while the resulting water of reaction was distilled off continuously. The reaction was stopped after running for about 25 hours, at which point the acid number was ~5 and the amine number was <1.1. A water jet vacuum was applied for 2 hours at 120 C to complete the removal of the water of reaction. There were obtained 265 g of a brown waxy solid, which can be dis-solved in, say, xylene for easier handling.
2)100 g (0.2 mole) of titallow fatty amine ant 14.6 g (0.05 mole) of ethylenediaminotetraacetic acid were heated at 180-C for 8 hours, at which point some 50Z of the amine had broken down to the amide (acid number 45.8, theory - 49.7). There were obtained 97.6 g of the amide/ammonium salt as a light-brown waxy solid.
2~
3)To a melt of 229.5 g (0.45 mole) of ditallow fatty amine were added 28.65 g (0.15 mole) of nitrilotriacetic acid (trilon A) at 80 C. The reaction mixture was then heated at 180-190-C for 10 hours. To effect total removal of the water of reaction, the ,o product was dried for a further 2 hours at 120'C under a water jet vacuum. There were obtained 249 g (theory - 250 g) of a light-brown waxy solid.
B) Tests on valve-cleaning properties ~, Product Deposits [mg~*
on valve No.
~D Polyisobutylamine (OE-OS 3,611,230) 3 0 2 Exampl e (A) (1) 44 ' O O O
, *measured as specified in CEC-~-02-T-79
The reaction temperature is between approx. 80 and 200 C, and to prepare the amides, continuous removal of the water of reaction is required. How-ever, complete conversion to amide is not necessary and it is highly ac-ceptable for from OZ to lOOX molar of the amine reacted to be converted to ,the ammonium salt.
Suitable amines of the formula ~H
R
~are, in particular, dialkylamines in which R is a straight-chain C10-C30-and preferably Cl4-C24-alkyl radical. Specific examples are dioleylamine, dipalmitinamine, dicoconut fatty smine, dibehenylamine and, preferably, ditallow fatty amine.
20 The amides or ammonium salts of aminoalkylene polycarboxylic acids of for-mulae I and II to be used in the present invention are added to the fuel in an amount of from 50 to 1000 ppm and preferably from 100 to 500 ppm.
A suitable otto-cycle engine fuel is a leaded or unleaded normal 2~ or super gasoline. Such gasoline may contain components other than hydr~-carbons, for example alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and t-butanol or ethers such as methyl-t-butyl ether. In addition to the smides of aminoalkylene polycarboxylic acids to be used in accordance with the pre-sent invention, the fuel will usually contain further additives such as ,Ocorrosion inhibitors, stabilizers, antioxidants and/or detergents.
Corrosion inhibltors are usually ammonium salts of organic carboxylic acids showing a tendency to film formation due to an appropriate structure of the parent compounds. Amines are also frequently present in corrosion " inhibitors to lower their p~. Corrosion inhibitors for non-ferrous metals usually comprise heterocyclic aromatics.
Examples of antioxidants or stabilizers are, in particular, amines such as para-phenylenediamine, dicyclohexylamine, morpholine or derivatives of ~ossid amines. Phenolic antioxidants such as 2,4-di-t-butylphenol or 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid and derivatives thereof are also added to fuels and lubricants.
IIASF ~Uctl~nges~llscD~t ~ U.~..UI/~V~ Y
2 ~ J $
Other carburetor, injector and valve detergents which may be present in the fuel are, for example, amides and imides of polyisobutylene succin-aldehyde, polybutene polyamines and long-chain carboxamides and long-chain carboximides.
Examples A) Preparation of amides of nitriloacetic acids 1)240 g (0.48 mole) of ditallow fatty amine and 35 g (0.12 mole) of ethylenediaminotetraacetic acid were melted and heated at 190 C while the resulting water of reaction was distilled off continuously. The reaction was stopped after running for about 25 hours, at which point the acid number was ~5 and the amine number was <1.1. A water jet vacuum was applied for 2 hours at 120 C to complete the removal of the water of reaction. There were obtained 265 g of a brown waxy solid, which can be dis-solved in, say, xylene for easier handling.
2)100 g (0.2 mole) of titallow fatty amine ant 14.6 g (0.05 mole) of ethylenediaminotetraacetic acid were heated at 180-C for 8 hours, at which point some 50Z of the amine had broken down to the amide (acid number 45.8, theory - 49.7). There were obtained 97.6 g of the amide/ammonium salt as a light-brown waxy solid.
2~
3)To a melt of 229.5 g (0.45 mole) of ditallow fatty amine were added 28.65 g (0.15 mole) of nitrilotriacetic acid (trilon A) at 80 C. The reaction mixture was then heated at 180-190-C for 10 hours. To effect total removal of the water of reaction, the ,o product was dried for a further 2 hours at 120'C under a water jet vacuum. There were obtained 249 g (theory - 250 g) of a light-brown waxy solid.
B) Tests on valve-cleaning properties ~, Product Deposits [mg~*
on valve No.
~D Polyisobutylamine (OE-OS 3,611,230) 3 0 2 Exampl e (A) (1) 44 ' O O O
, *measured as specified in CEC-~-02-T-79
Claims (6)
1. A fuel for otto-cycle engines containing, in a low concentration, an amide, an amide/ammonium salt or an ammonium salt of an aminoalkylene polycarboxylic acid of formula I or II
(I) (II) or a mixture thereof, in which A is a straight-chain or branched-chain alkylene radical of from 2 to 6 carbon atoms or a radical of the formula and R denotes radicals which may be the same or different and are substan-tially straight-chain C10-C30-aliphatic radicals, and the amide groups may be in the form of ammonium carboxylate groups containing said radicals R.
(I) (II) or a mixture thereof, in which A is a straight-chain or branched-chain alkylene radical of from 2 to 6 carbon atoms or a radical of the formula and R denotes radicals which may be the same or different and are substan-tially straight-chain C10-C30-aliphatic radicals, and the amide groups may be in the form of ammonium carboxylate groups containing said radicals R.
2. A fuel as claimed in claim 1, containing an amide, amide/ammonium salt and/or ammonium salt of one or more aminoalkylene polycarboxylic acids, wherein R denotes a straight-chain C14-C24-alkyl radical.
3. A fuel as claimed in claim 1, containing one or more compounds of the for-mula , in which R is a straight-chain C10-C30-alkyl radical, and some or all of the amide groups are present in the form of dialkylammonium carboxylate groups of amines of the formula .
4. A fuel as claimed in claim 1 and containing the compounds of formulae I
and II in concentrations of from 50 to 1500 ppm, based on the fuel.
and II in concentrations of from 50 to 1500 ppm, based on the fuel.
5. A fuel as claimed in claims 1 to 4, containing one or more compounds of the formulae I and II, in which denotes a titallow fatty amine radical.
6. A fuel as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that it contains other fuel detergents, anticers, corrosion inhibitors and/or antioxidants.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP4000539.9 | 1990-01-10 | ||
| DE4000539A DE4000539A1 (en) | 1990-01-10 | 1990-01-10 | FUELS FOR OTTO ENGINES |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2033829A1 true CA2033829A1 (en) | 1991-07-11 |
Family
ID=6397836
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002033829A Abandoned CA2033829A1 (en) | 1990-01-10 | 1991-01-09 | Fuel for internal combustion engines |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0436864B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2033829A1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4000539A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2613241A (en) * | 2021-10-04 | 2023-05-31 | Innospec Fuel Specialties Llc | Improvements in fuels |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2901335A (en) * | 1954-10-05 | 1959-08-25 | Standard Oil Co | Additive for leaded gasoline |
| US3893825A (en) * | 1970-12-30 | 1975-07-08 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Inhibition of corrosion |
| DE2531469C3 (en) * | 1975-07-15 | 1980-10-23 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Use of w -N.N.N'.N'tetrasubstituted aminoalkanoic acid amides, w -N, N, N ', N'tetrasubstituted aminobutyric acid amides and processes for their preparation |
| DE2828038A1 (en) * | 1978-06-26 | 1980-01-10 | Basf Ag | FUELS FOR OTTO ENGINES |
-
1990
- 1990-01-10 DE DE4000539A patent/DE4000539A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1990-12-13 EP EP90124072A patent/EP0436864B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-12-13 DE DE90124072T patent/DE59002846D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1991
- 1991-01-09 CA CA002033829A patent/CA2033829A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2613241A (en) * | 2021-10-04 | 2023-05-31 | Innospec Fuel Specialties Llc | Improvements in fuels |
| US11987761B2 (en) | 2021-10-04 | 2024-05-21 | Innospec Fuel Specialties Llc | Fuels |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0436864B1 (en) | 1993-09-22 |
| DE59002846D1 (en) | 1993-10-28 |
| DE4000539A1 (en) | 1991-07-11 |
| EP0436864A1 (en) | 1991-07-17 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Dead |