CA2027594A1 - Method and apparatus for the separation of a material mixture and use of the apparatus - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for the separation of a material mixture and use of the apparatusInfo
- Publication number
- CA2027594A1 CA2027594A1 CA 2027594 CA2027594A CA2027594A1 CA 2027594 A1 CA2027594 A1 CA 2027594A1 CA 2027594 CA2027594 CA 2027594 CA 2027594 A CA2027594 A CA 2027594A CA 2027594 A1 CA2027594 A1 CA 2027594A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- drum
- sorting drum
- sorting
- material mixture
- constructed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B13/00—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices
- B07B13/08—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices according to weight
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
- B03B9/06—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse
- B03B9/061—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse the refuse being industrial
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B13/00—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices
- B07B13/003—Separation of articles by differences in their geometrical form or by difference in their physical properties, e.g. elasticity, compressibility, hardness
Landscapes
- Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract The invention suggests a new separating method and a corresponding apparatus and the use of the apparatus for the environmentally sound separation of different material mixtures, wherein, in addition to dynamic forces, the area pressure between the bodies to be sorted and an inwardly elastic sorting drum are made use of particularly.
Bodies which are heavy with respect to specific area pressure sink into the interior of the drum and are thrown out at a lower location. Parts which are light with respect to specific area pressure, on the other hand, are rejected from the surface of the drum and guided away separately. In so doing, it is possible for the first time using incomparably simple means to achieve a very high separating quality, even with bodies which until now could only be separated economically by hand. The new invention is particularly effective for the separation of reclaimable material mixtures, so-called "recyclables", particularly with respect to fractions such as liftings which are otherwise difficult to separate.
Fig. 2
Bodies which are heavy with respect to specific area pressure sink into the interior of the drum and are thrown out at a lower location. Parts which are light with respect to specific area pressure, on the other hand, are rejected from the surface of the drum and guided away separately. In so doing, it is possible for the first time using incomparably simple means to achieve a very high separating quality, even with bodies which until now could only be separated economically by hand. The new invention is particularly effective for the separation of reclaimable material mixtures, so-called "recyclables", particularly with respect to fractions such as liftings which are otherwise difficult to separate.
Fig. 2
Description
- ~ f 2~27~
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE SEPARATION OF A MATERIAL
MIXTUR~ AND US~ OF THE APPARATUS
Technical Field The invention is directed to a method, an apparatus and the use of the apparatu~ for the environmentally sound separation of a material mixture, e.g. a mixture of reclaimable material (recyclables), into individual material components of different character, wherein the material mixture is continuously fed to a rotating, inwardly elastic sorting drum.
Backaround Art In the environmentally sound processing e.g. of recyclable material mixtures, container waste, and components similar to household waste, the problem arises of separating specific categories of recyclable materials as completely as possible. Both the sieving technique and the air separation technique are limited. Since organic, highly adhesive components or fine dust components also often occur in the aforementioned recyclables, separation by air or sieves involves corresponding disadvantages.
In individual cases it is unavoidable that vastly different collected material, e.g. liftings, are to be æorted into easily reclaimable organic components and heavy fractions intended for recyclables or dumps.
In recent times, repeated efforts have been made for a recycling which is as complete as possible, at least with glass receptacles, cans, aluminum cans, plastic bottles, etc. The newly developing flow of material must be separated in an efficient manner, so that the individual base materials such as glass and aluminum can be returned to other respective processing centers at a minimum of expense.
In the case of glass, it is required that there be as little glass breakage as possible. This rules out an excessively ~, . . .
.
2~2~9~
large massing. The consequence of this would be many small plants, if possible in the vicinity of the consumers.
The current practice is sorting into different categories of material by hand. A typical characteristic of all highly industrialized societies is the high cost for all manual labor. The required high expenditure on manual labor often stands in the way of the complete success of a genuine recycling.
A solution is known in US-PS 4,760,925 in which the mixture is separated into a heavy fraction and a light fraction by means of a brush shaft following a pre-separation by means of a slope conveyor belt. In this patent, heavy parts fall down directly without being influenced by the brush movement. Tests conducted by the present Applicant showed only an insufficient or fluctuating separation quality when the product was conveyed, as it were, frontally to the sorting drum, and the heavy fraction is sorted out opposite the movement direction of the sorting drum and the lighter fraction is lifted over around the drum radius and thrown to the other side of the drum.
Disclosure of Invention The object of the invention is to achieve a powerful separating effect for different kinds of material mixtures with the use of simple, inexpensive operating means and the corresponding methodology, respectively. Moreover, as little energy as possible is to be used for operation, and it should be possible for a small number of trained personnel to operate.
The method, according to the invention, is characterized in that the material mixture is guided to the sorting drum in the same direction as the surface movement and divided into fractions in the movement direction of the sorting drum.
.
-` 2~2~59~
To the surprise of all participants knowledgeable in the field, it was possible to achieve an unexpectedly excellent sorting quality already with a first, very ~imply conceived test device. For example, it was possible after a few test runs to divide a mixture of glass bottles and plastic and aluminum cans, as occur in corresponding U.S.
collection locations, into glass and remaining components with an accuracy of almost 100%. A centrifugal drum brush, as is known in car washing installations, was used for the test. The energy requirement for the sorting amounts to only a low percentage of that of systems utilizing the air sorting solution. When observing the test for the first time, the observer did not even immediately grasp why, without an immediately visibly detectable cause, the glass bottle sank in the rotating direction of the sorting drum and was discharged at the bottom, but the plastic bottles were rejected with complete accuracy and thrown into an adjoining collecting container or onto a corresponding discharging element, respectively. The present invention showed for the first time that the parameter of area pressure allows a new excellent sorting technique for many sorting problems, particularly with bodies which do not have a determined shape from the beginning, when the heavy bodies sink substantially radially and not tangentially. The weight, per se, and the size still only play a secondary role for the genuine area pressing sorting technique. The success of the sorting is due chiefly to the area pressure and the corresponding centrifugal penetration-inhibiting force dynamic produced by the rotation of the sorting drum, respectively, on the one hand, and the dynamic interplay between the bristles and the bodies to be sorted on the other hand. The separation of the mixture components is to occur on the throw-off side in the ejecting direction of the bristles of the centrifugal drum, since it is only in this manner that the plurality of bristles are compelled to - ~ ", 7~
interact with each particle of the mixture in a genuinely selective manner so as to exert separating force. The actual separation is effected between light and heavy bodies with respect to specific area pressure.
In another test, a material mixture which was pre-sorted through a sieve as liftings had to be divided into a mechanical fraction and an organic fraction. A surprisingly good separating quality was also achieved in this case, particularly when the material mixture previously only contained portions which were e.g. smaller than a foot, e.g.
smaller than 250 to 300 mm.
The invention allows different particularly preferred embodiment ideas.
In an especially preferred manner, the sorting drum is constructed as a centrifugal drum brush and the elasticity or impressibility of the sorting drum and the area pressure resulting from this, respectively, is determined by corresponding selection of the speed and/or the outfitting of the sorting drum (with bristles). The largest possible body which can be separated out is determined by the length of the bristles.
In addition, the raw material is preferably fed continuously to the cylindrical outer surface area of a sorting drum by a feed unit. It is suggested that the raw material be fed in the area on the sorting drum loca~ed at the top, especially preferably in the highest area.
Depending on the material mixture, the sorting quality is increased in that the material to be separated is delivered with more tangential components with respect to the sortinq drum or with more radial components. The previous tests have shown that the raw material on the feed unit is to be pre-accelerated to approximately 10 to 30%, preferably 10 to 25%, of the circumferential speed of the sorting drum.
. .
-- 2 ~
In addition, it is known that the sorting drum produces a strong air current which can be directed. This can be utilized for the separation of an additional light fraction such as paper pieces, threads, strings, etc. At the same time, the air current prevents strings and the like from winding around the sorting drum in a highly reliable manner, so that a very high operating reliability can be achieved.
The invention further concerns an apparatus for the separation of a material mixture into individual material components as previously described. The apparatus, according to the invention, is characterized in that it comprises a feed device for the continuous delivery of the material mixture into an upper sector, preferably corresponding to 11 o'clock to 2 o'clock, but particularly preferably between 12 and 1 o'clock, (as seen in cross section) in the direction of the surface movement of the sorting drum. A light portion discharge is preferably arranged on the throw-off side approximately at the height of the rotational axis of the drum and a heavy portion discharge is preferably arranged in the lower adjacent quadrant. The sorting drum is preferably constructed as a centrifugal drum brush; e.g. in the event that a washing brush for car washing systems is used the drum effect first develops in the operating state. When stopped, the bristles hang down. The resistance behavior for the penetration of bodies into the interior of the sorting drum is determined by means of the centrifugal force occurring during rotation and by means of the selection of the quantity and the quality of the bristles. The rejecting force of every rotating brush and the air current whi~h is adjusted produce the impulse for the rejection of the parts which are lighter with respect to specific area pressure.
It is particularly preferred that the material mixture feed means be constructed as a belt or acceleration belt, especially preferably with a sieve connected prior to it or ( 1 1 2 10 2 7 ~ 9 ~
I
as a rod chain grate conveyor or as a stationary sieve, particularly as a bar sieve.
It is further suggested that the conveying speed of the feed device be 0.5 to 2 m/sec, preferably 1.2 to 1.5 m/sec, and that the circumferential speed of the drum be 5 to 15 m/sec, preferably 7 to 10 m/sec, at a diameter of 1 to 1.5 m.
The invention is further directed to the use of a centrifugal drum brush for the sorting material mixtures such as container waste, e.g. mixed construction site refuse, road excavation refuse, construction material remains and collection material similar to household waste, which are preferably pre-sorted via sieves, wherein the heavy fraction substantially contains mineral components and the light fraction substantially contains the organic materials.
Brief Description of the Invention The invention is now explained in more detail with the aid of three embodiment examples.
Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment example in a schematic manner;
Fig. 2 shows an embodiment form for container waste in a schematic manner;
Fig. 3 shows an e~bodiment example for the additional suction of a light fraction such as foils, paper, etc.
Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention Reference is now made to Fig. 1. The material mixture - 11 is transferred directly to a sorting drum 2 via a feed f~ `' ( I i 2 ~ 2 ~
device 1. The sorting drum 2 is driven via a shaft 3.
Bristles 4 which are put into a cylindrical shape S by means of the rotation of the shaft 3 and the acting centrifugal force, respectively, are fastened at the shaft 3. Due to a much higher area pressure, glass bottles 6 sink into the interior of the drum as shown with bottles 6' and 6". The bottle 6'' i5 transferred to a discharge belt 7 for heavy material 15 below the sorting drum 1 and fed to a corresponding collector. Bodies, such as aluminum cans and plastic bottles~ which exert only a slight area pressure when impacting on the sorting drum 2, are thrown off tangentially from the drum surface by the bristles 4 when impacting on the latter (see aluminum can 8, 8' and 8", respectively, and plastic bottle 9, 9'). The latter are transferred to a collector for medium material 16 via a second discharge belt 10.
The material mixture 11 is divided into three fractions according to Fig. 1. The heavy material 15 contains all bodies exerting a large area pressure on the sorting drum 2, such as glass bottles, solid metal bodies or e.g. heavy stones in the material mixture would also be sorted out with the heavy fraction 15. The medium material 16 contains all light hollow bodies such as aluminum cans and plastic bottles. Iron cans can be sorted out by means of magnet separators, either before or after the sorting drum.
Any fine component in the material mixture, particularly also broken glass, is sieved out prior to the sorting drum 2 by means of a feed device 1 constructed as a rod chain grate conveyor 12 and fed to a collector for fine material 17 via a funnel 13 and a belt conveyor 14.
Fig. 2 shows, in a schematic manner, a sorting device for container waste with components similar to household waste. A pre-grading of the raw material mixture is important in container waste. The raw material mixture is transferred continuously via a feed belt 20 to a sieving 2 ~
system or a sieving stage 21. An upper or preliminary coarse sieve 22 removes all parts e.g. larger than the size of a foot, e.g. larger than 250 to 350 mm, e.g. large pieces of stone, larger pieces of wood, etc. The tailings of the coarse sieve 22 are separated out as coarse material 23 directly via a belt 24. Fine material 17 falls through the coarse sieve 22 as well as through a fine sieve 25 arranged under the latter and is discharged via a funnel 13 and a belt conveyor 14.
The medium fraction of the raw material mixture is transferred to an acceleration belt 26 as tailings of the sieving stage 21. Depending on the case of application, the acceleration belt 26 is provided with an adjustable drive motor, not shown, so that the conveying speed of the material mixture can be specifically selected in the area where it impacts on the sorting drum 2. The acceleration belt 26, which can be operated regardless of the prior processing, offers in every event the possibility of a defined feeding of the material mixture to the sorting drum 2. It is also possible to arrange additional aligning means in the acceleration belt 26, so that at least the parts which are difficult to sort impact on the sorting drum 2 in the optimal direction and position. Stones and the like, as heavy material 15 with a large area pressure, sink into the sorting drum 2 and are carried off in a downward direction via the discharge belt 7. Medium material 16, which contains predominantly organic components, is discharged via the discharge belt 10.
Fig. 3 shows another embodiment idea. In contrast to Figures 1 and 2, light material 30, e.g. paper pieces, very small pieces of plastic and the like, are additionally sucked away via an aspirator 31 according to Fig. 3.
... , "
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE SEPARATION OF A MATERIAL
MIXTUR~ AND US~ OF THE APPARATUS
Technical Field The invention is directed to a method, an apparatus and the use of the apparatu~ for the environmentally sound separation of a material mixture, e.g. a mixture of reclaimable material (recyclables), into individual material components of different character, wherein the material mixture is continuously fed to a rotating, inwardly elastic sorting drum.
Backaround Art In the environmentally sound processing e.g. of recyclable material mixtures, container waste, and components similar to household waste, the problem arises of separating specific categories of recyclable materials as completely as possible. Both the sieving technique and the air separation technique are limited. Since organic, highly adhesive components or fine dust components also often occur in the aforementioned recyclables, separation by air or sieves involves corresponding disadvantages.
In individual cases it is unavoidable that vastly different collected material, e.g. liftings, are to be æorted into easily reclaimable organic components and heavy fractions intended for recyclables or dumps.
In recent times, repeated efforts have been made for a recycling which is as complete as possible, at least with glass receptacles, cans, aluminum cans, plastic bottles, etc. The newly developing flow of material must be separated in an efficient manner, so that the individual base materials such as glass and aluminum can be returned to other respective processing centers at a minimum of expense.
In the case of glass, it is required that there be as little glass breakage as possible. This rules out an excessively ~, . . .
.
2~2~9~
large massing. The consequence of this would be many small plants, if possible in the vicinity of the consumers.
The current practice is sorting into different categories of material by hand. A typical characteristic of all highly industrialized societies is the high cost for all manual labor. The required high expenditure on manual labor often stands in the way of the complete success of a genuine recycling.
A solution is known in US-PS 4,760,925 in which the mixture is separated into a heavy fraction and a light fraction by means of a brush shaft following a pre-separation by means of a slope conveyor belt. In this patent, heavy parts fall down directly without being influenced by the brush movement. Tests conducted by the present Applicant showed only an insufficient or fluctuating separation quality when the product was conveyed, as it were, frontally to the sorting drum, and the heavy fraction is sorted out opposite the movement direction of the sorting drum and the lighter fraction is lifted over around the drum radius and thrown to the other side of the drum.
Disclosure of Invention The object of the invention is to achieve a powerful separating effect for different kinds of material mixtures with the use of simple, inexpensive operating means and the corresponding methodology, respectively. Moreover, as little energy as possible is to be used for operation, and it should be possible for a small number of trained personnel to operate.
The method, according to the invention, is characterized in that the material mixture is guided to the sorting drum in the same direction as the surface movement and divided into fractions in the movement direction of the sorting drum.
.
-` 2~2~59~
To the surprise of all participants knowledgeable in the field, it was possible to achieve an unexpectedly excellent sorting quality already with a first, very ~imply conceived test device. For example, it was possible after a few test runs to divide a mixture of glass bottles and plastic and aluminum cans, as occur in corresponding U.S.
collection locations, into glass and remaining components with an accuracy of almost 100%. A centrifugal drum brush, as is known in car washing installations, was used for the test. The energy requirement for the sorting amounts to only a low percentage of that of systems utilizing the air sorting solution. When observing the test for the first time, the observer did not even immediately grasp why, without an immediately visibly detectable cause, the glass bottle sank in the rotating direction of the sorting drum and was discharged at the bottom, but the plastic bottles were rejected with complete accuracy and thrown into an adjoining collecting container or onto a corresponding discharging element, respectively. The present invention showed for the first time that the parameter of area pressure allows a new excellent sorting technique for many sorting problems, particularly with bodies which do not have a determined shape from the beginning, when the heavy bodies sink substantially radially and not tangentially. The weight, per se, and the size still only play a secondary role for the genuine area pressing sorting technique. The success of the sorting is due chiefly to the area pressure and the corresponding centrifugal penetration-inhibiting force dynamic produced by the rotation of the sorting drum, respectively, on the one hand, and the dynamic interplay between the bristles and the bodies to be sorted on the other hand. The separation of the mixture components is to occur on the throw-off side in the ejecting direction of the bristles of the centrifugal drum, since it is only in this manner that the plurality of bristles are compelled to - ~ ", 7~
interact with each particle of the mixture in a genuinely selective manner so as to exert separating force. The actual separation is effected between light and heavy bodies with respect to specific area pressure.
In another test, a material mixture which was pre-sorted through a sieve as liftings had to be divided into a mechanical fraction and an organic fraction. A surprisingly good separating quality was also achieved in this case, particularly when the material mixture previously only contained portions which were e.g. smaller than a foot, e.g.
smaller than 250 to 300 mm.
The invention allows different particularly preferred embodiment ideas.
In an especially preferred manner, the sorting drum is constructed as a centrifugal drum brush and the elasticity or impressibility of the sorting drum and the area pressure resulting from this, respectively, is determined by corresponding selection of the speed and/or the outfitting of the sorting drum (with bristles). The largest possible body which can be separated out is determined by the length of the bristles.
In addition, the raw material is preferably fed continuously to the cylindrical outer surface area of a sorting drum by a feed unit. It is suggested that the raw material be fed in the area on the sorting drum loca~ed at the top, especially preferably in the highest area.
Depending on the material mixture, the sorting quality is increased in that the material to be separated is delivered with more tangential components with respect to the sortinq drum or with more radial components. The previous tests have shown that the raw material on the feed unit is to be pre-accelerated to approximately 10 to 30%, preferably 10 to 25%, of the circumferential speed of the sorting drum.
. .
-- 2 ~
In addition, it is known that the sorting drum produces a strong air current which can be directed. This can be utilized for the separation of an additional light fraction such as paper pieces, threads, strings, etc. At the same time, the air current prevents strings and the like from winding around the sorting drum in a highly reliable manner, so that a very high operating reliability can be achieved.
The invention further concerns an apparatus for the separation of a material mixture into individual material components as previously described. The apparatus, according to the invention, is characterized in that it comprises a feed device for the continuous delivery of the material mixture into an upper sector, preferably corresponding to 11 o'clock to 2 o'clock, but particularly preferably between 12 and 1 o'clock, (as seen in cross section) in the direction of the surface movement of the sorting drum. A light portion discharge is preferably arranged on the throw-off side approximately at the height of the rotational axis of the drum and a heavy portion discharge is preferably arranged in the lower adjacent quadrant. The sorting drum is preferably constructed as a centrifugal drum brush; e.g. in the event that a washing brush for car washing systems is used the drum effect first develops in the operating state. When stopped, the bristles hang down. The resistance behavior for the penetration of bodies into the interior of the sorting drum is determined by means of the centrifugal force occurring during rotation and by means of the selection of the quantity and the quality of the bristles. The rejecting force of every rotating brush and the air current whi~h is adjusted produce the impulse for the rejection of the parts which are lighter with respect to specific area pressure.
It is particularly preferred that the material mixture feed means be constructed as a belt or acceleration belt, especially preferably with a sieve connected prior to it or ( 1 1 2 10 2 7 ~ 9 ~
I
as a rod chain grate conveyor or as a stationary sieve, particularly as a bar sieve.
It is further suggested that the conveying speed of the feed device be 0.5 to 2 m/sec, preferably 1.2 to 1.5 m/sec, and that the circumferential speed of the drum be 5 to 15 m/sec, preferably 7 to 10 m/sec, at a diameter of 1 to 1.5 m.
The invention is further directed to the use of a centrifugal drum brush for the sorting material mixtures such as container waste, e.g. mixed construction site refuse, road excavation refuse, construction material remains and collection material similar to household waste, which are preferably pre-sorted via sieves, wherein the heavy fraction substantially contains mineral components and the light fraction substantially contains the organic materials.
Brief Description of the Invention The invention is now explained in more detail with the aid of three embodiment examples.
Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment example in a schematic manner;
Fig. 2 shows an embodiment form for container waste in a schematic manner;
Fig. 3 shows an e~bodiment example for the additional suction of a light fraction such as foils, paper, etc.
Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention Reference is now made to Fig. 1. The material mixture - 11 is transferred directly to a sorting drum 2 via a feed f~ `' ( I i 2 ~ 2 ~
device 1. The sorting drum 2 is driven via a shaft 3.
Bristles 4 which are put into a cylindrical shape S by means of the rotation of the shaft 3 and the acting centrifugal force, respectively, are fastened at the shaft 3. Due to a much higher area pressure, glass bottles 6 sink into the interior of the drum as shown with bottles 6' and 6". The bottle 6'' i5 transferred to a discharge belt 7 for heavy material 15 below the sorting drum 1 and fed to a corresponding collector. Bodies, such as aluminum cans and plastic bottles~ which exert only a slight area pressure when impacting on the sorting drum 2, are thrown off tangentially from the drum surface by the bristles 4 when impacting on the latter (see aluminum can 8, 8' and 8", respectively, and plastic bottle 9, 9'). The latter are transferred to a collector for medium material 16 via a second discharge belt 10.
The material mixture 11 is divided into three fractions according to Fig. 1. The heavy material 15 contains all bodies exerting a large area pressure on the sorting drum 2, such as glass bottles, solid metal bodies or e.g. heavy stones in the material mixture would also be sorted out with the heavy fraction 15. The medium material 16 contains all light hollow bodies such as aluminum cans and plastic bottles. Iron cans can be sorted out by means of magnet separators, either before or after the sorting drum.
Any fine component in the material mixture, particularly also broken glass, is sieved out prior to the sorting drum 2 by means of a feed device 1 constructed as a rod chain grate conveyor 12 and fed to a collector for fine material 17 via a funnel 13 and a belt conveyor 14.
Fig. 2 shows, in a schematic manner, a sorting device for container waste with components similar to household waste. A pre-grading of the raw material mixture is important in container waste. The raw material mixture is transferred continuously via a feed belt 20 to a sieving 2 ~
system or a sieving stage 21. An upper or preliminary coarse sieve 22 removes all parts e.g. larger than the size of a foot, e.g. larger than 250 to 350 mm, e.g. large pieces of stone, larger pieces of wood, etc. The tailings of the coarse sieve 22 are separated out as coarse material 23 directly via a belt 24. Fine material 17 falls through the coarse sieve 22 as well as through a fine sieve 25 arranged under the latter and is discharged via a funnel 13 and a belt conveyor 14.
The medium fraction of the raw material mixture is transferred to an acceleration belt 26 as tailings of the sieving stage 21. Depending on the case of application, the acceleration belt 26 is provided with an adjustable drive motor, not shown, so that the conveying speed of the material mixture can be specifically selected in the area where it impacts on the sorting drum 2. The acceleration belt 26, which can be operated regardless of the prior processing, offers in every event the possibility of a defined feeding of the material mixture to the sorting drum 2. It is also possible to arrange additional aligning means in the acceleration belt 26, so that at least the parts which are difficult to sort impact on the sorting drum 2 in the optimal direction and position. Stones and the like, as heavy material 15 with a large area pressure, sink into the sorting drum 2 and are carried off in a downward direction via the discharge belt 7. Medium material 16, which contains predominantly organic components, is discharged via the discharge belt 10.
Fig. 3 shows another embodiment idea. In contrast to Figures 1 and 2, light material 30, e.g. paper pieces, very small pieces of plastic and the like, are additionally sucked away via an aspirator 31 according to Fig. 3.
... , "
Claims (14)
1. Method for the environmentally sound separation of a material mixture, e.g. a reclaimable material mixture (recyclables), into individual material components of different character, wherein the material mixture is continuously fed to a rotating inwardly elastic drum, characterized in that the material mixture (11) is guided to the sorting drum (2) in the same direction as the surface movement and is divided into fractions in the movement direction of the sorting drum (2).
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that, depending on the area pressure, a fraction sinks into the sorting drum (2) in the same direction as the drum movement and is preferably delivered at the bottom, and a second fraction is rejected tangentially from the sorting drum (2).
3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the sorting drum (2) is constructed as a centrifugal drum brush and the elasticity and the area pressure resulting from the latter, respectively, are determined by corresponding selection of the speed and/or the outfitting of the sorting drum (2) with bristles (4) and the like, and takes on a cylindrical shape in the operating state.
4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the material mixture (11) is delivered in the highest area of the sorting drum (2) and a grading sieving system is preferably connected prior to the sorting drum (2).
5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the material mixture (11) is delivered to the sorting drum (2) on a feed device (1) with tangential components and is pre-accelerated to approximately 10 to 30%, preferably 10 to 25%, of the circumferential speed of the drum.
6. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that an air current is produced through the sorting drum (2) and this air current is utilized for separating out an additional light fraction.
7. Apparatus for the separation of a material mixture into individual material components on an inwardly elastic sorting drum, particularly according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises a feed device (1) for the continuous delivery of the material mixture (11) into an upper sector, preferably corresponding to 11 o'clock to 2 o-clock, particularly preferably between 12 and 1 o'clock, in the direction of the surface movement of the sorting drum (2).
8. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that a discharge belt for light material (10) is arranged approximately at the height of the rotating axis of the drum or shaft (3) and a discharge belt for heavy material (7) is arranged in the adjacent quadrant.
9. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the sorting drum (2) is constructed as a centrifugal drum brush and has a cylindrical shape.
10. Apparatus according to one of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that a grading system is arranged prior to the sorting drum (2) for separating out excessively large and small sizes.
11. Apparatus according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the feed device (1) is constructed as a material mixture acceleration element, preferably with free selection of a defined delivery direction and/or speed.
12. Apparatus according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the feed device (1) is constructed as a belt conveyor or as a rod chain grate conveyor or as a stationary bar sieve.
13. Apparatus according to one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the feed device (1) is constructed as an acceleration belt (26) with a conveying speed or throw-off speed of 0.5 to 2 m/sec, preferably 1.2 to 1.5 m/sec, and the circumferential speed of the sorting drum (2) is 5 to 15 m/sec, preferably 7 to 10 m/sec, at a diameter of 1 to 1.5 m.
14. Use of a centrifugal drum brush for the sorting of material mixtures such as container waste, e.g. mixed construction site refuse, road excavation refuse, construction material remains and collection material similar to household waste, which are preferably pre-sorted via sieves, wherein the heavy fraction substantially contains mineral components and the light fraction substantially contains the organic materials.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH2823/89-1 | 1989-07-28 | ||
| CH282389A CH677327A5 (en) | 1989-07-28 | 1989-07-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2027594A1 true CA2027594A1 (en) | 1991-01-29 |
Family
ID=4242403
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2027594 Abandoned CA2027594A1 (en) | 1989-07-28 | 1990-07-26 | Method and apparatus for the separation of a material mixture and use of the apparatus |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0436687B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH04500776A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2027594A1 (en) |
| CH (1) | CH677327A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59004338D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2049036T3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1991001817A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5116486A (en) * | 1991-02-01 | 1992-05-26 | Pederson Dennis A | Apparatus and method for separating recyclable waste |
| FR2737982B1 (en) * | 1995-08-23 | 1998-12-31 | Boudet Daniel | DEVICE FOR SORTING CONTAINERS, ESPECIALLY BOTTLES, ACCORDING TO THEIR WEIGHT AND DIMENSION |
| CN106733671A (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2017-05-31 | 广西壮族自治区农业机械研究院 | A kind of raw material sugarcane removal of impurities processing equipment |
| CN108816755A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-11-16 | 北京宜城环保科技有限公司 | It is a kind of for handling the negative pressure aidr bells blast system and negative pressure wind selection method of rubbish |
| DE102018122808A1 (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2020-03-19 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Control method of a cleaning device with heavy part separator |
| DE102019008916A1 (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-06-24 | Ife Aufbereitungstechnik Gmbh | Device and method for classifying a mixture of materials |
| AU2020409987A1 (en) | 2019-12-20 | 2022-08-11 | Ife Aufbereitungstechnik Gmbh | Device and method for sifting a material mixture |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2010128B (en) * | 1977-09-27 | 1982-04-15 | Olesen R | Handling and treating of rootcrops |
| SE430761B (en) * | 1980-04-30 | 1983-12-12 | Kmw Mekan Ab | DEVICE FOR DRY SEPARATION OF LINER FORMS IN A CONTINUOUS FLOW OF LIGHT MATERIAL |
| WO1985003890A1 (en) * | 1984-03-01 | 1985-09-12 | Maschinenfabrik Bezner Gmbh & Co. Kg | Sorting plant particularly for recovering valuable materials from refuse |
-
1989
- 1989-07-28 CH CH282389A patent/CH677327A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1990
- 1990-07-26 ES ES90910511T patent/ES2049036T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-26 CA CA 2027594 patent/CA2027594A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-07-26 EP EP19900910511 patent/EP0436687B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-26 WO PCT/CH1990/000181 patent/WO1991001817A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1990-07-26 JP JP50992390A patent/JPH04500776A/en active Pending
- 1990-07-26 DE DE90910511T patent/DE59004338D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE59004338D1 (en) | 1994-03-03 |
| EP0436687A1 (en) | 1991-07-17 |
| WO1991001817A1 (en) | 1991-02-21 |
| EP0436687B1 (en) | 1994-01-19 |
| CH677327A5 (en) | 1991-05-15 |
| JPH04500776A (en) | 1992-02-13 |
| ES2049036T3 (en) | 1994-04-01 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US5301816A (en) | Method and apparatus for the separation of a material mixture and use of the apparatus | |
| US5465847A (en) | Refuse material recovery system | |
| US4387019A (en) | Aluminum can reclamation method | |
| US5551573A (en) | Machine and method for separating recyclable matter | |
| IL129037A (en) | Process for the treatment of waste matter containing components that are at least partially reusable | |
| US20140306037A1 (en) | System and Method for Separation of Fiber and Plastics in Municipal Solid Waste | |
| CN110076176A (en) | House refuse terminal mechanization categorizing system and method | |
| CA2027594A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for the separation of a material mixture and use of the apparatus | |
| CA2473397A1 (en) | System and method for processing waste and recovering recyclable materials | |
| WO2004012866A2 (en) | Improvements to waste separation | |
| CN210410956U (en) | Automatic screening plant of municipal domestic waste | |
| JP2001327885A (en) | Bag breaking and sorting device | |
| RU2003386C1 (en) | Method and apparatus for separating mixture of materials by density without environmental contamination | |
| CN109806959A (en) | A kind of building waste processing system | |
| WO1996009901A1 (en) | Low velocity air density separator | |
| JP5478483B2 (en) | Sorted processing system for mixed processed products | |
| US4763793A (en) | Installation for sorting articles by weight and shape | |
| RU2155108C1 (en) | Method of and device for processing of hard domestic waste | |
| KR100904303B1 (en) | A wet sorting method for waste plastics using specific gravity difference | |
| JPH04250877A (en) | Method and device for separation recovering of waste mixture | |
| EP0779109A1 (en) | Low velocity air density separator | |
| CN108499878A (en) | The sorting technique and its system of house refuse mechanization | |
| JPH0839005A (en) | Fractionating method for industrial waste and its device | |
| JPH09206692A (en) | Composite separation device for mixed medium and small materials to be treated | |
| Rogoff et al. | Mixed Waste Materials Recovery Facilities |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Dead |