CA2021645A1

CA2021645A1 - Ceramic metal compound

Info

Publication number: CA2021645A1
Application number: CA002021645A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Friedrich-Ulf Deisenroth; Werner Schultze; Stefan Schindler
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Vereinigte Aluminium Werke AG
Priority date: 1989-07-22
Filing date: 1990-07-20
Publication date: 1991-01-23
Also published as: DE59007316D1; HU904567D0; CN1049647A; NO903034D0; ATE112249T1; FI903677A0; EP0410284B1; CS356590A3; NO903034L; KR910002737A; EP0410284A3; EP0410284A2; JPH03141182A; DE3924268A1

Abstract

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE:

A ceramic metal compound comprising a porous ceramic infiltrated with metal, the ceramic comprising at least five layers, the thickness of each layer lying between about 10 and about 150 microns and the average pore radius of said ceramic lying between about 100 and about 1,000 nm, the ceramic having an open end porosity within the range of about 5 and about 14%
and an overall porosity within the range of about 5 and about 30% and said metal filling the pore volume with the exception of a residual pore volume within the range of about 0.1 to about 10%, based on the initial porosity.

Description

2Q2~64~

1875/05885-A CG/SD ~ I
:

CBRA~UC ~ CO~IPOU~D C~ F~o ~~7 ¦ Th~ ~pplloat~on cl~ime the priority under 35 U~ S119 of We~t G~rma~ Appliaation 8er. No. P.3924268.4 filed July 22, 198 9. ~ho ~ntire content~ ~f th~ priorlty document ~re lnc orpor~t~d by reference herein. ~ :~
E~E ~D OF INvE~ - ~1 ~he i~ nvention rela~e~ to ~ cer~mic ~etal compound (C~ C~, con~i~t ing of ~ pero~ o~ramic ~nfiltrAted with mot~
BaS E~GR~) ~ OF ' r~ TN~NTION C~ B ~/I~o 35/6~ ~$
~he ~u rope~n Pstent 0 155 831 ~L~nx~d0) publl~hed on Sep~em~or 25, 1986 dio~lo~e~ eramlc mot~l mate~ial compo~ed o~ ~ thre~-dlml ~n~lon~l ~ntoraonnected polyary~talline ~truc~ure con~sln~ng 2-' 1~ ~volume lbasi~) of ~ metall~c oon~tltuent.
~cc~ding to cla~m 11 of tho ~anxide patent, the ~mall Angle ::
~rain boundar1e~ of the aer-~Lc body ~u~t lie within certa~n ran, ae~, ~0 ~hlt good in~iltratlon of the oerRmlc body b~come~ -po~ 3ible.
~he J ~p~nese paten~ 61/16322~ (Sun~Lto~o Electric .
: Indl ~tries) pu bli~hed July 23~ 19~6 discloses the infilt~tion o ~ cerumic body havlng ~ porosity of 85 - 90~ with an 1- ::
alu~inum melt I lnder pre~ur~.
~F y~ M~roov~ ~r, the ~riti~h Pat~nt 21 48 2~0 ~B~lt~h ~o~
30~ R 8~ ~arah AB~OC iatlon) publl~hed May 30, 1985, di~clo~e~ the~t : ~
;~/Ioen net~ (which are a~tually defined in the art a~ products ~ :
en~ !rat~d by B. Lntering two dlfferen~ ~atori~le: ceramic.p~wder~
a~d metalli¢ powder~) oan be produced by infiltrHting n pOrOUB . .
8iLC oerAmic h ~ing a porosity of 39~ wi~h molten ~lum~Lnum ~t 700tC and a pr~ur~ of 6.72 kpsi. : ~.
¦ ~urthe~ c~rm~t~ re de~r~b~d ~ th~ Czechoslovak~an .~.

.

202~6~5 ..
, 2 Pa~ent CS 20'61 32 of October l, 1~3. They a~e made by evacuating a porous ~eramic material made of 90 - 95~ Al2O3, tho r~malnder ~eln~ 8102~ and infiltr~ting it w~th alu~inum or ~lt ~mlnum comp~ ~u~d3 at temperatures of 700 - 900-~ under an S ~nt ~rt gR~ and at a p~es~ure of m~re than 1 MPa. aefore the ini lltr~tion, the molded ceramic article ha~ a porosity of 41%.
Th~ di~lo~ur~ ~ of the feregoin~ documents that pert~Lns to tYE ~e~ of mato ~rial~ that can be u~ed for cermets or C~C'~
(d~ If~ned belo~ r) and to method~ o~ infiltr~tion ia incorpor~ted ~ reference.l ¦ It ti ~orefore Appeer~ that highly porou~ cer~mic materiAls have I ~e~n ln$iltr~ted with ~ metal m~lt, ~o that the prc du~t made t :herefrom ha~ pr~dominantly A ~etal}ic structure.
~hi 8 t~pe ~flcer~mic metAl compound (CMC~ rgely of 8 met allia natu re in itB pro~ertie~, ~o that lt~ hardnes3, te~ erAtuxe re ~i~ta~ce and we~r ~ehavi~r lie far ~elow tho3e of ~trlctly cor~m lc mater~ls.
! CMC~ f ind a v~riety of u~e~, for ex~mple, in automoblle And aexwpa4e applications ~uch a~ break d~sk~ va~ve seats, clu tch p~rt~, bearlngs)5 and other qeneral eng1neering applica~
t~c n~ a~ is w~ known ln the art.
1! Cq!S OF q!~lE
It i~ ~n ob~oct of the pre~ent inven~ion to devi~e :; `~
CM~ '~ that ha~ re one or more of the follo~ing ~mproved proper- ~ -tl~ e: bending 6trength, toughness~ m~dul~s of elasticity~
haI dne~ and ~ ear re~$~t~n~e (whlch ~re U~UA11y poor in cer~mic i .
mat erialB but ~re ~uperior in metallic materi~l~) whil~
ret aining or . mproving propertle~ ~uch ~ hardne~ beh~ior at :
ele vated t~mp~ ~tures and wear reffistance, in wh~Gh cer~mic mat r~ ~1B are nornally ffuperlor to metallic ma~erial~. Anothor ob; ~t ~ to devl~e methods for maklng CM~'~ having ~t leA~t one of the fc regoing propertle~ and yet ~nother object i8 to dev ise method~ for u~ing ~uch CMC'c.
S ~ Y OF ~F INV~N~ION :-~ It hal ~ n ~scertA~ ned thAt, $f ~ multilQyer ~
.
.

,~. .-,,, ~ . . . . .
. - - : ..

.-,~ . ~ . .

20216~5 . .~

I
h~in~ more thAn three ~n~ preferably mere than S layers) cer amic oon~t~ uction havlng ~n overall poro~ity of 5 - 30~, ~8 lnf iltrA~ed w Lth molt~n m~t~I the de~ir~d combln~tion of px~ pertle~ car bQ achleved. The over~ll porosity, moreo~ex, 14 the initlal p Drosity o~ the ceramic be~ore infiltrAtion wlth ~ol ton metal. Of grea~ lmportance ln thl~ aonnection is the AVe r~ge pore ~diu~ of a~out 100 - to about 1,000 nm, of the ini ti~l cer ~ c ~efore ~nfiltr~tlon whlch ia deter~lned with th~ halp of A ~arlo-Erba mercury poro~lmeter (Model 2000)~
By ~e~n~ of the multllAyer str~ctur~, a pore network ~txucture of t~e c~r~mlo mAterial i8 attained, whioh can be in-~i~tr~ted in ~ pa~tloul~rly ~dvan~ageou~ manner with a molten met al. Pursul Int to the lnven~ion, th~ poxe network structure c~n ; be aontrol led by the p~rtlcle Blze of the materlal uset to mak e the cer, ~la body ~ well ~8 by the r~te of ceramlc dep o~ltlon u~. .ng preferably A liquld-st~bili2ed plasma jet to fo m the c~ra~ lc body.
It hA~ I now been ascertained by means of experiment~
th~ t the ~m~l 1 Angle ~rain boundar$~ g~ven in tho L~nxi~¢
pat nt, are not nea-~sary, lf the cer~mic has * pore netwo~k stl uctur~, which iB built up ~rom pores and por~ chAnnel~, wh~ oh ~re aonnected to one another. Pursu~nt to ~ho invention, thi ~ 8pecial ~tructure i~ o~tained if the aeramic is bullt up by pl~m~ ~prlylng, whioh re~ult~ in the 4uccessive depo~ltion 25 of ssver~l th~n layer~ of ceramic on A rotat~ng mandrol. The thickno~ o~ ~ ~aoh pl~sma~spray~d layer can be adju~ted to hs~e a l ~e~ired val ue w~thln the re,nge of ~ ~o~t 5 and ~bout 120 mic rons. All type~ of rot~t$on~11y ~ymmetricAl shape~ cAn thu6 be produceds ~ ~.5., coneo, cylinde~ and t~ w~ 8 more 30 Col~ ,pl-x ~h~pe~ .
Furthe r detail~ on the ~Anufacture of th~ in~t~nt cor ~mic~ Are p rovlded below~
Fox ce rtain applla~tlon4, ouch 88 the ~oining to ~et~l ~tr uctures Ruch ~ welded or soldered cer~mt~J~tal const~uc-~5 tic ns, lt h~slproven ~o be useful to h~ve th~ poro~ity o~ the I .

202~645 ~ ~
: 1 4 cer ~1~ m~ter~ ~l increass from the lnside to ~h~ ou~lde ~nd thu 5 to have an lncrea~lng p~oportion of metal towards the out ~lde. A po re netwo~k of ~uch a con~truct~on i8 xeferred to as ~ ~grad~ent ~tructure." ~h~ metallic propert~ pred~minate ln the outex zl ~ne of the compo~nd, while the ~eramic propertie~
are preemln~nt ln the lnterior.
g radlent ~tructure 1~ achleved by a ~ari4tion ln ~be¦ part~cle ~ ize during the ~p~y~g onto thr~ ba~e ~ody in ~
liq ~id-~t~b~ zed plasma jet. Method~ fo~ making c~ramlc ~od Le~ ~y pla~ Im~ ~praylng are de~cribed e.g-, ~n ~-S- Paten~
No~ . 4,657,794 , 4,4~0,52g ~nd 4,547,415~ hrareby ~ncoxporated by re~ ~ence in t~eir entiret~. S~ a7~o Schindl~r, 5. and Sch ~ltzra, W., I~ oerum 37: 39-42, 1988 ln~orporated by ref 3rence in lit~ ~ntlrety. For example, a hydro~en-oxygen pla 3ma m~y be generated in a burner, rea~h~ng a high temp~ra~
tur a (~.~., 15 ,000C) at its center and ceramic powder i~ fed ~nt~ the pla-m~ ~ beam as the latter 1~ being dischar~ed from ~he bur~er . ~he ~ot plA~mA meltR the ~u~f~c~ of ths powder and d~pl ~lt~ lt ln that state ~nd ~t ~ high gpeed on the rotatlng (t~ pically metsl) mandrel. On ~mpact, the p~rt~cle~ deform, oon 3tituting a: I ~nte~conn~cted compound, and cool down qulckly Suc~ :esqive pas, ~eB of the pla~m~ creA~e vArious l~yers.
For ac h$~1ng the gr~di~n~ ~tructur~, for example, a ver ~ fine powdl ~r ~part~ ze range2 from about 5 to ~bout 50 mlc, con~ ~n di~ neter~ with ~ dso f 20 micron~ i8 inltlally u~ed ~ds~ m~y vary : Erom a~out 15 to ~bou~ 25 mlcrons). The partlcl~
~iz~ ln the o~ Iter layer~ of tho c~rhmic materiR~ ncr~ed to l~ d50 v~l ~e of betwoon ~bout 75 ~nd About ~5 microns ~pr, ~fer~bly ab ~ut 80 mlcron~) wlth the r~nqe of part~cle ~ize~
vAr ylng betwee n about 40 and abo~t 120 ~icrono. ~o~Y~r~ t~e r~v, ~r~e proced ure i~ ~180 pos~ible, dependlng on the sid~ of th~ CNC thA~ ~ ~11 face the met~l surface upon u~e. ~t ~8 pre Eerred that¦ the ~urfaao of the ~or~mlc ¢ompound, which i~
clo ~e~ to th~ metal con~truction, ha~ ~he #tructur~ produc~d fro~ n the powder wlth the l~rge particl~ di~m~ter, ~.e~ the , 20216i~

s i t$ucture with the moi3t metal-like character.
A multicomponent maberial, based en at lea~ two oxide ~u~ta}~le for ~kin~ eramici~, e.g.:
Oxid~ ~1~ :
11 ~1203.1 ~! IgO : 2100C
1 A1203. 1 5 IiO~(other ratloi~i po4sible) lB60 3 A1203.2 S i2 : 1~20-~
1 ZrO2 .1 81 2 ~ 2500-C
Il ~1203. 1 MgO. lSii32 : 1471~C
1 al~o:
A1~03.ZrO2 i~t~b~l~zed with MgO, ~a~ or Y~03 with amount depend- .
ins on degre~ o~ ~t~bilization dei~ired, ai3 ~ B well known ln th~
Ar~

lS ca~ advantage~uisly be u~ed in the pre-reacted i3t~te, i.e., two or ~ore fi~ode~i3 one for esch oxlde oomponent ~an ~e ulied in the ple .Jm~ isipray, apparatu~i, the component~i belng fed ln stc ichlo~etrlcl amount~ he compen~nti3 can then ~e rQacted ~n ~1~ U in the pilai~a beam emd d~po~ited on ~hi~ mandrel. Thu~
fo~ ~x~mple ~¦ 1s1 ratio of alum$n~ and tit~nlum dioxide can for m alumin~ ~itanate in ~i~u and be depo~ited as such o~ the m~r drel. ~o~ ver, pr~-r~A~ted Al-titanate c~n al~o ~e u~ed.
It ~an ~o ma~e by m~xing, mel~lng and gr~nd~ng alumlna and tit~nium dioxi t~ and the rosulting particles ~an then be fed in the pl~m~ ~pl ayer. The ~Qme i~ ~rue of other cerAmic~ within the invention. ) I~ ~hould ~ under~tood that in pr$nclpl~ any oer ~mic ox~de material~ can be u~ed, with dif ~e~ent one~ belng pre rerre~ ~ep~: ~dlng on the end u~e of the ~M~ ~ iY apparent to tho ~e o~ ortln, ~ry ~kill in tho a~t.
~ulticomponent m~teri~l~ are under~tood to be mixtures of 2 or ~ore c~r~mic oxid~ m~ter~al~ which Are converted to the powder f~ ~m by grinding hnd pre-reacted at ~lnterl~g tQm per~tures, . i.e., gener~lly within th~ r~nse of nbout 1500 to ~bo lt 2500-C c !epending on the part~aular m~t~$al B~ i~ well kno1 wn in the ~rt. There fter they ~re introducod lnto the i 2~2~6~ ~

1 re~ction zone of the pl~cma burn~r. - :
I ¦ The i~ l~entlon i8 furth~r de~cribed b~low in gre~t~
de~nil by ~ea ~ of Beveral non-limiting ex~mpleB of the lnven-~ tl~ ~e ceramlc I let~l co~pounds being produced ~y pla~ma gprayin~
1 5 ~nc , then pXOCI ~Bad by infil~rAt~on with ~et~l ~nto ~MC. ~hey ~r~ I comp~red ~ ~lth eonvent1Onal C~C or cerm~t m~t~rlal~ includ-inS mater~al~lproduced in acaord~nce with the ~anx~de Patent. -~
¦ By ~o dolng, lt 1~ ~een that ~h~ msteri~l propertl~o of the ¦ in~ ~onti~e CMC '~ have been d~tln¢tly improved, especlally ~ f! lo th~ Iy have the gradient struc!ture~ described above by which the ! lnd ,lv~dusl cer amic ~ay~r~ of the compou~d have different form ¦ fac tox~, most¦p~rticularly form factor~ that decre~se from th~
I inE ide to t~e outslde or, conver~ely, form factor~ that ¦ lnc rea~e from¦the lnside to the out~ide. Preferably~ the form I 15 fac tor (i.~ the thickne~ss~urfhce r~tio) of ~ch l~yer i~
I gr~ !~ter than ~:S ~hether the ~ayors hav~ different for~ f~¢tor~
! or not.
¦ ¦ ~he de n~ity and poro~ity value~ h~e been determin~d by -th~ method~ of DIN 51056 ~Augu~t 1985: Prufung kerami~cher Roh-I ~0 un~ Werk~toff~ I; B~otlmmunq der WaQ~erau~nahme und der of~enen I Poso~itat) and tho Vi~ker~ hardne~s value8 have been d~t~rmlned ~ :~
I bylthe me~od of DIN 50133 (Fe~ruary 1985: Prufun~ m~tRllisc~er ! We~ k~toffeS H~ lrtepruf~n~ nach Vickers; B~rolch HV 0,2 b~ Hv ~ I
! lol , Pub~i~he r~ ~euth Verl~g Gmb~ surggr~fen~x~ 6, 1000 Be~ lin 30, G~ ~rmany). To be~in with, panel~ o~ A12O3 and Al ~iO5 mater~ al~ a~e produced ~y pla~a eprayinq in accordance I wit h, e~ Sc :h~ndlelr, ~u~rs; ~ U.S. P~tent No. 4,6S~,794; or I ~ de~cribed ~ Ibo~ he particle ~ize d50 wao betwe~n 60 and ~ 70 mloron~ ~n~ ~ the veloaity of the pla~ma jet wa~ 3~0 m~.
j 3d ~ht th~ckne~ of the 1nd~1d~al l~yero (whlch c~n be a~ many ~ :
nee Ided) appli ed wa~ 100 ~cron~ and the overall poro~ity ~c~ ,iQ~d w~ 18& for alum~nu~ oxld~ and 15~ for alu~lnum t$t .anate. The ~ form factor of ~he pa~ticles ~prayed on wa~
to 1 s 20 for sluminum oxide and 1 s 15 to 1 ~ 25 for 35 A~ :minum titan at~.
:' ' ' ' .

-:jJ.'., .~.' ~ . ' ' . ' , : `:

2Q2~

¦ ~e~t piece8 ~A ~t~ti8tiCAlly ~i~nifie~nt numb~r, su~has¦20-30) with the d~men~ions o~ 100 x 100 x 30 mm were cut frdm the~e pA~els for dete~mining the charact~riatle mAter~l v~l ue~, prsh~t~d to ~ tempera~ure o~ 1,0~CDC ~nd in~lltrated w~t h a molt~nlmet~l Qonsi~ting of an ~lSiloMg allQy at 750~C
wit h ~ pr~ure difference of 3S bar within a period of up to ~bc ut ~ ~conc I~. The ~ooling rate af~e~ the infil~r~tlon waR
20C ~C per hou r in A progr~m-aontrolled furn~oe~ 80 that th~
pA~ t~ had coot~d down to room temperature w$thin 5 hour~. ~The pr~ ferred pre~ ~eating temp~r~tu~e iBI for ~xample, with~n the ~n ge of abou t gOO-lOSO-C for aluminum And aluminum alloy~;
~bc ~t 1250-140 0-~ for aopp~ and copper alloy~; and ~out lOS0-115 0OC for re~ and yellow brs~s. }n oth~r woxd4, it depend~ on the ~etal. ~he po~t-inflltr~tion cooling rate i8 prefer~bly ~bo ut 1~0 to ~out 220-~ per hour. The infiltratlon pre30ure i~ u-u~lly w~k~ln the range o~ AlPoUt 10-350 bA~, pxef~rably ~bo ut 30-4~ ~a~. Other in~iltration msthodo could ~lso be uged C~8 r~fc~ t~ ove or I~B well-known in th~ art. ) After khat, the re~ldual pore volume w~s found to be 59~;
ofIthe lnlti~ ~1 poro~ity in the ~ of tho ~lu~ln~m oxtde cer!amic ~nd 7! ~ ln the ca~e of ~lumLnum ti~Anate~ ~ho~e w~r~
aa~ording to the lnven~on ~ut without tha grad~ent feature.
I A fur~her experimental body wa~ produaed W~th tho i ~ent~ve gradl~nt ~tructure. ~he m~nufacturlng condit~Qn~ ~re th~ ~ame a~ tho~e a~ove; how~r, particle~ of two different ~i~e~ with ~ dso value of 40 ~n~ 100 micron~ re~pecti~ely ~ore ap~lied throu~h two powder-feeding channblo ~nd fed lnto the pl~ma beam. I~he feed rate of particlo~ w~th the dso value of 40 microns isIlncr~oed oontinuously from 0 to 25 kg/h, while the feed rate ~f part~cles with the dso value o~ 100 ~cron~ i~
dec~e~d to tho ~me extent fro~ 25 k~/h to 0. Equal ~mount~
of eaoh mater~al w~re u4ed. The switchin~ ov~r from the one fe~ ding chann~l to the other take~ pl~ca with~n onè hour in thl ~ ex~mple hut ln gen~ral d~pend~ on the dimension~ of th~
35 ~er Amlc body ~IB well a~ on it~ w~l~ thicknes~. The thickn-s~e~
.

'.~: ' ~ ' . . ' ' ' . . . ' 2~2~6~ ~

8 : ~:
f !the individual leyer~, ~o obtain~d, lie b~tween 8a and 100 -mlqron~ and the overall porosity ~o 12%. ~ter in~iltratio~
wi~h an ~lSill ~Mg alloy, tho exparimsntal bod~ hAd A . residual pore volume oi a.6~, b~ed on the initial poro~ty, ~nd a pore ra9iu~ ranging fr~m about 200 to a~out 700 nm.
~4~ ,1Q :~
~he value~, j ~ea~ursd on ths experimental ~odies, are BU
m~ ~l~ed in T~ ~le 1. ~hQ value~ for the bending strength (~
po nt bendln device), modulu~ of elasticity ~nd fr~cture :
tol ghnes~ wer deterFined on European st~ndArd bendlng ~umples ha~ ~ng the dil ~n~ion~ of 3.5 x 4.5 x 45 mm. T~e materlal data (1 terature v lue~) of a conventionally prepaxed, ~ntirely ce~ mic ~lnte ed body o~ A12O3 are glven for ~ompari~on ~cee :~
fi~ ~t column f ~able 1 wherein the sintered A1203 is fully :~:
lS del .~o: ~ore t an 99.5%). Al~o the Lanxlde p~en~ material w~
~ t~d ~ee l ~t column of ~able 1). All other column~ ~re d~1 a from te~ lng of mater~als according to the invent~on. It tu~ n~ o~t tha the metal-~eramic compounds, produced pur~ant to the inv~nt on, have v~ry goot valu~s for bending ~t~en~th, ~0 fr cture toug n~ nd S~rdne~ and thu~ repre~ent a ¢l~ar .-iml rovement i~ comparl~on with eonventlon~l materi~ls and th~
Lan xid~ ~iMC ~ terial with respect to the com~$nation of the ch~ ~rac~ristic mat~r~Al value~ a~ well a~ with re4p~c~ t~ th~
va~u~ of th~lr i~t$v$du-l prop-rtio~-, - ', ,, . ~ . . ~ , , . : :
" :,:: :: :: -, ~ : , , j æ
2~2~6 4 ~ o o o 8 N V

N 3 .

N N ,~

Claims

1. A ceramic metal compound comprising a porous ceramic infiltrated with metal, said ceramic comprising at least five layers, the thickness of each layer between about 10 and about 150 microns and the average pore radius of said ceramic lying between about 100 and about 1,000 nm, said ceramic having an open end porosity within the range of about 5 and about 14%
and an overall porosity within the range of about 5 and about 30% and said metal filling the pore volume with the exception of a residual pore volume within the range of about 0.1 to about 10%, based on the initial porosity.

2. The ceramic metal compound of claim 1, wherein each of said layers is made from ceramic particles.

3. The CMC of claim 2 wherein said ceramic particles have a form factor greater than 1:5.

4. The ceramic metal compound of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the ceramic particles in the individual layers of the compound have different form factors from each other and from layer to layer.

5. The ceramic metal compound of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the ceramic particles have a form factor which increases from the inside to the outside.

6. The ceramic metal compound of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the ceramic particles have a form factor which decreases from the inside to the outside.

7. The ceramic metal compound of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein aluminum or an aluminum alloy is used as the metal.

8. The ceramic metal compound of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein an aluminum-silicon alloy is used as the metal.

9. The ceramic metal compound of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of magnesium, lead, zinc, copper and combinations thereof.

10. The ceramic metal compound of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of steel, gray cast iron and combinations thereof.

11. The ceramic metal compound of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein said metal is selected from the group consisting of titanium titanium alloys and combinations thereof.

12. The ceramic metal compound of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein said ceramic is ceramic oxide material in pure form.

13. The ceramic metal compound of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the ceramic material is made of at least two ceramic metal oxides used in the pre-reacted state to make said ceramic.

14. The ceramic metal compound of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein a ceramic metal oxide material is used as said ceramic and is formed from 2 or more pure ceramic metal oxides by an in situ reaction in the plasma jet.

15. The ceramic metal compound of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the ceramic comprises aluminum oxide or aluminum titanate.

16. A composite material comprising a ceramic metal compound bonded with a metal structure, wherein the side of the compound on said composite facing the metal structure has a surface structure enriched in metal in comparison to the side distal from the metal structure.

17. A composite material comprising a ceramic metal compound of claims 1-3 bonded to a metal structure wherein the ceramic has on the side facing the metal structure a form factor, larger than the form factor of the ceramic on the side distal from the metal structure.