CA2010408A1 - Pelletized seed - Google Patents
Pelletized seedInfo
- Publication number
- CA2010408A1 CA2010408A1 CA 2010408 CA2010408A CA2010408A1 CA 2010408 A1 CA2010408 A1 CA 2010408A1 CA 2010408 CA2010408 CA 2010408 CA 2010408 A CA2010408 A CA 2010408A CA 2010408 A1 CA2010408 A1 CA 2010408A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- pelletized
- condensate
- seed
- seed according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A pelletized seed comprising a plant and seed and a condensate formed between urea and an aldehyde compound. The pelletized seed of the present invention is easy and simple to sow, has a high germination percentage, and can improve the environment at the early stage of the growth of plant body.
A pelletized seed comprising a plant and seed and a condensate formed between urea and an aldehyde compound. The pelletized seed of the present invention is easy and simple to sow, has a high germination percentage, and can improve the environment at the early stage of the growth of plant body.
Description
20~0408 Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a pelletized seed. More particularly, the present invention relates to a pelletized seed which simplifies the sowing work, has a high germination percentage and can improve the environment at the early stage of the growth of plant body.
Priox Art Pelletization of seed has hitherto been attempted with the aim of facilitating the handling and uniform sowing work of seed, enhancing its germination percentage, making the growth uniform and protecting seed against drifting from the soil and hazards by wild birds and insects.
Pelletized seed is advantageous in that a grassland can be produced by merely sowing it without cultivating the land and it can be utilized for cropping a rapidly sloping land where a mechanical cultivation is difficult to practise.
A pelletized seed is usually produced by mixing seeds with various pelletizing materials such as a granulating material, a binder material and the like, a water-absorbing material, etc., granulating the mixture ~0104~
1 by a compression molding method, a wet-coating method using a rotary granulating machine, a method of extruding a kneaded mixture with water, etc., and then drying the granulated product (for example, Japanese Patent Application Kokai (Laid-Open) 51-145710, 57-79802, 59-192006, etc.).
A plant body grows while consuming the endosperm for a while after the germination. After it has reached a certain stage of growth, however, it must take up nutrients from outside such as soil, for the sake of growth. In order to promote the early growth of plant body, it is desirable to incorporate fertilizer compo-nents into the pellet previously, and many studies have hitherto been conducted on this problem.
When a pellet contains fertilizer components, however, the so-called "fertilizer injury" (salt damage) can take place. Thus, unlike the usual case of carrying out a seeding and fertilizer application separately, all the seeds present in a pelletized seed come into a direct contact with fertilzier components contained in the pellet, which greatly enhances the danger of making troubles on germination and growth.
Further, since the conventional chemical fertilizers generally have a high water-solubility, the fertilizer components in the pellet can be flowed out and-lost by rain water and thereby their previous addition can become meaningless.
In order to meet the requirement of this field ' ' ' 20~0408 1 to obtain fertilizer components of a pelletized seed causing less fertilizer injury, the present invention provides a pelletized seed excellent in germination and growth and small in the loss of nutrients by rain water and the like.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present inventors have eagerly studied to solve the above-mentioned problems and found that the above-mentioned requirement can be met by incorporating a condensate formed between urea and an aldehyde compound into a pelletized seed. Based on the finding, the present invention has been accomplished.
Thus, the present invention relates to a pelletized seed comprising a plant seed and a condensate formed between urea and an aldehyde compound.
An object of the present invention is to provide a pelletized seed which can simplify the sowing work, has a high germination percentage and can improve the environment for early growth of plant body.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following descriptions.
PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
The aldehyde compounds which can be used for producing the condensate formed between urea and an aldehyde compound (hereinafter referred to as condensate) Z01040~3 1 to be incorporated into the pelletized seed of the present invention include formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, glyoxal and the like.
The condensates include urea-formaldehyde condensate, 2-oxo-4-methyl-6-ureidohexahydropyrimidine (crotonylidene diurea), propylidene diurea, isobutylidene diurea, glycol-uril, and the like.
Although the condensates are only slightly soluble in cold water, they are partially soluble in hot water. That is, they are such condensates that, when 1 part by weight of the condensate in anhydrous state is immersed in 20 parts by weight of hot water at 80C for 30 minutes, the percentage of eluted portion based on the weight (hereinafter referred to as hot water elution percentage) is 0.1 to 30% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 20% by weight, and more preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight.
A percentage of eluted portion is expressed by (100 - A)%
by weight, wherein A is a percentage by welght of undissolved portion.
Hereinunder, a case that the condensate is that formed between urea (hereinafter sometimes referred to as U) and formaldehyde (hereinafter sometimes referred to as F) is explained as an example. This condensate is hereinafter referred to as U-F condensate.
This condensate has methylol group(s) in its molecular structure.
As the U-F condensate, those having a total Z0~0408 1 methylol content of 0.05 to 1.5% by weight, preferably 0.15 to 1.0% by weight, only slightly soluble in cold water, and having a hot water elution percentage of 0.5 to 10~ by weight, all based on the weight in anhydrous state, are used.
Since such a condensate is appropriate in degree of condensation and gradually decomposed in the soil, it promotes germination of seed and growth of plant body without exercising a serious inhibition on the germination of seed and growth of plant body. Such an effect cannot be obtainable from a completely condensed urea resin having only a slight quantity of methylol group or from a U-F condensate having a larger quantity of remaining methylol group and containing a large quantity of water-soluble components.
The U-F condensate can be produced by condens-ing a preliminary U-F condensate prepared so that a molar ratio U:F ultimately comes to from 1:0.9 to 1:1.2, further in the presence of an acidic substance.
Next, embodiments of the method of obtaining a U-F condensate are mentioned.
As the method of obtaining the preliminary U-F
condensate, the following method (a) or (b) can be referred to:
Method (a) --- A mixture prepared by mixing urea and 37% formalin at such a quantitative ratio as to give a molar ratio U:F of from 1:0.9 to 1:1.2 is adjusted to pH in a range of 7-8 with an alkaline substance such as ..
Priox Art Pelletization of seed has hitherto been attempted with the aim of facilitating the handling and uniform sowing work of seed, enhancing its germination percentage, making the growth uniform and protecting seed against drifting from the soil and hazards by wild birds and insects.
Pelletized seed is advantageous in that a grassland can be produced by merely sowing it without cultivating the land and it can be utilized for cropping a rapidly sloping land where a mechanical cultivation is difficult to practise.
A pelletized seed is usually produced by mixing seeds with various pelletizing materials such as a granulating material, a binder material and the like, a water-absorbing material, etc., granulating the mixture ~0104~
1 by a compression molding method, a wet-coating method using a rotary granulating machine, a method of extruding a kneaded mixture with water, etc., and then drying the granulated product (for example, Japanese Patent Application Kokai (Laid-Open) 51-145710, 57-79802, 59-192006, etc.).
A plant body grows while consuming the endosperm for a while after the germination. After it has reached a certain stage of growth, however, it must take up nutrients from outside such as soil, for the sake of growth. In order to promote the early growth of plant body, it is desirable to incorporate fertilizer compo-nents into the pellet previously, and many studies have hitherto been conducted on this problem.
When a pellet contains fertilizer components, however, the so-called "fertilizer injury" (salt damage) can take place. Thus, unlike the usual case of carrying out a seeding and fertilizer application separately, all the seeds present in a pelletized seed come into a direct contact with fertilzier components contained in the pellet, which greatly enhances the danger of making troubles on germination and growth.
Further, since the conventional chemical fertilizers generally have a high water-solubility, the fertilizer components in the pellet can be flowed out and-lost by rain water and thereby their previous addition can become meaningless.
In order to meet the requirement of this field ' ' ' 20~0408 1 to obtain fertilizer components of a pelletized seed causing less fertilizer injury, the present invention provides a pelletized seed excellent in germination and growth and small in the loss of nutrients by rain water and the like.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present inventors have eagerly studied to solve the above-mentioned problems and found that the above-mentioned requirement can be met by incorporating a condensate formed between urea and an aldehyde compound into a pelletized seed. Based on the finding, the present invention has been accomplished.
Thus, the present invention relates to a pelletized seed comprising a plant seed and a condensate formed between urea and an aldehyde compound.
An object of the present invention is to provide a pelletized seed which can simplify the sowing work, has a high germination percentage and can improve the environment for early growth of plant body.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following descriptions.
PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
The aldehyde compounds which can be used for producing the condensate formed between urea and an aldehyde compound (hereinafter referred to as condensate) Z01040~3 1 to be incorporated into the pelletized seed of the present invention include formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, glyoxal and the like.
The condensates include urea-formaldehyde condensate, 2-oxo-4-methyl-6-ureidohexahydropyrimidine (crotonylidene diurea), propylidene diurea, isobutylidene diurea, glycol-uril, and the like.
Although the condensates are only slightly soluble in cold water, they are partially soluble in hot water. That is, they are such condensates that, when 1 part by weight of the condensate in anhydrous state is immersed in 20 parts by weight of hot water at 80C for 30 minutes, the percentage of eluted portion based on the weight (hereinafter referred to as hot water elution percentage) is 0.1 to 30% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 20% by weight, and more preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight.
A percentage of eluted portion is expressed by (100 - A)%
by weight, wherein A is a percentage by welght of undissolved portion.
Hereinunder, a case that the condensate is that formed between urea (hereinafter sometimes referred to as U) and formaldehyde (hereinafter sometimes referred to as F) is explained as an example. This condensate is hereinafter referred to as U-F condensate.
This condensate has methylol group(s) in its molecular structure.
As the U-F condensate, those having a total Z0~0408 1 methylol content of 0.05 to 1.5% by weight, preferably 0.15 to 1.0% by weight, only slightly soluble in cold water, and having a hot water elution percentage of 0.5 to 10~ by weight, all based on the weight in anhydrous state, are used.
Since such a condensate is appropriate in degree of condensation and gradually decomposed in the soil, it promotes germination of seed and growth of plant body without exercising a serious inhibition on the germination of seed and growth of plant body. Such an effect cannot be obtainable from a completely condensed urea resin having only a slight quantity of methylol group or from a U-F condensate having a larger quantity of remaining methylol group and containing a large quantity of water-soluble components.
The U-F condensate can be produced by condens-ing a preliminary U-F condensate prepared so that a molar ratio U:F ultimately comes to from 1:0.9 to 1:1.2, further in the presence of an acidic substance.
Next, embodiments of the method of obtaining a U-F condensate are mentioned.
As the method of obtaining the preliminary U-F
condensate, the following method (a) or (b) can be referred to:
Method (a) --- A mixture prepared by mixing urea and 37% formalin at such a quantitative ratio as to give a molar ratio U:F of from 1:0.9 to 1:1.2 is adjusted to pH in a range of 7-8 with an alkaline substance such as ..
2(~iO408 1 sodium hydroxide or the like, and then it is heated at 95C.
When a white turbidity appears in the reaction mixture, the reaction is stopped and the reaction mixture is again adjusted to pH 7-8. Thus, a preliminary U-F condensate is obtained.
Method (b) --- A mixture prepared by mixing urea and the formalin at such a quantitative ratio as to give a molar ratio U:F of from 1:2.0 to 1:2.5 is adjusted to pH 7-8 with an alkaline substance such as sodium hydroxide or the like and reacted at a temperature of from 20 to 95C for from 1 to 30 hours. After the mixture is again adjusted to pH 4-7, it is further reacted at 80-98C.
The time at which a liquid taken out from the reaction mixture becomes slightly cloudy when it is cooled to 20C, is taken as the end point of the reaction. Then, an additional quantity of urea is added so that total molar ratio U:F comes to from 1:0.9 to 1:1.2, and the reaction is further made to progress. When a white turbidity appears in the reaction mixture, the reaction is stopped to obtain a preliminary U-F condensate.
The U-F condensate can be produced by adjusting the preliminary U-F condensate prepared according to the above-mentioned method (a) or (b) to pH 3-5 with an acidic substance such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or the like, and reacting it at a temperature of 60-80C while evaporating water in an apparatus for agitating and mixing the reaction mixture such as kneader, ribbon mixer or the like, until water content of the reaction mixture reaches ' ':
1 45% by weight or less. The U-F condensate thus prepared has a form of powder or granule. Any forms of product may be used in the present invention.
When a molar ratio U:F is out of the above~
mentioned range and an amount of urea is smaller than specified above in producing of the U-F condensate, the total methylol content in the resulting U-F condensate is high. On the other hand, when a molar ratio U:F is out of the above-mentioned range and an amount of urea is larger than specified above. The resulting U-F
condensate decomposes in the soil too rapidly. In both these cases, such a condensate has a tendency to inhibit the germination of seed.
The condensation reaction of the preliminary U-F condensate in the presence of acidic substance progresses more rapidly when a pH of the reaction system is lower and a reaction temperature is higher, and a degree of condensation becomes higher ~hen a reaction time is longer. With progress of the reaction, total methylol content in the condensate decreases, and its hot water elution percentage decreases.
When a U-F condensate of which total methylol content and hot water elution percentage are out of the ranges specified above is incorporated into a pelletized seed, the germination of seed is inhibited.
The plants of which seed can be used as a pelletized seed of the present invention include pasture plants such as orchard grass, Italian rye grass, timothy, 20~040~
1 alfalfa, Kentucky bluegrass and the like; vegetables such as carrot, tomato, eggplant, celery, lettuce, cucurbitaceous plants (such as watermelon, netted melon, cucumber, etc.) and the like; flowering plants such as petunia, garden portulaca, begonia, poppy, gloxinia, baby's-breath, snapdragon, sage, sweet pea and the like;
lawn grasses such as bent grass, perennial rye grass, Korai turf, wild turf and the like; and woody plants such as bush clover, white birch, mountain alder, Japanese red pine, mountain birGh, and the like.
The pelletized seed of the present invention can be produced by pelletizing a plant seed and a condensate using pelletizing materials such as a granulating material, binder material and the like.
In producing the pelletized seed of the present invention, water-absorbing material and various adjuvants may be appropriately selected and used in addition to the above-men~ioned pelletizing materials, if necessary.
The granulating materials which can be used in the present invention include soil, heavy clay, calcium carbonate, slaked lime, ash from plants, diatomaceous earch, vermiculite, bentonite, zeolite, chaff, peat moss, pulp, compost, sawdust and the like.
The binder materials usable in the present invention include carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, synthetic resin pastes, gum arabic, gelatine and the like. The binder ~aterial may be used in an appropriate amount. For example, it is used ' ~
.
1 in an amount of 2 to 3 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of a granualting material, in case of gum arabic.
An amount of the pelletizing material and a size of pellet may be appropriately selected so that every one pelletized seed comes to contain from 1 to 5 seed(s).
In the pelletized seed of the present invention, the condensate is an indispensable component, and its amount is from 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the pelletizing material.
As a water-absorbing material, a starch-acrylic acid graft copolymer, a crosslinked product of acrylic acid, chitosan, pullulan gel or the like are appropriately used.
An adjuvant may be appropriately selected from germination promoter, plant growth promoter, fungicide, insecticide and the like and added for the purpose of additionally promoting germination and growth of the plant.
Preferably, the pelletized seed of the present invention is produced by compounding a seed with a pelletizing material and a condensate, and optionally with a water-absorbing material and adjuvant, adding an appropriate quantity of water, kneading the mixture, pelletizing the kneaded mixture by a method of extrusion or the like, and then drying the pellet. A drying _ g _ ,` ' ' " ' ~.
201040~3 1 temperature should be in a range where the enzymes in the seed keep their activity. That is, it is preferably 40C or less.
The pelletized seed of the present invention has the following advantages:
1) Since the condensate used in the present invention gradually decomposes in the soil, it promotes the germination of seed and growth of plant body without exercising serious inhibition on its germination and growth.
2) Since the condensate used in the present invention is only slightly soluble in water, its loss by rain water and the like is slight, so that it brings about a growth-promoting effect with certainty.
Next, the present invention is illustrated more specifically referring to the following Referential Example, Examples and Comparative Examples.
However, the present invention should not be construed to be restricted by the examples.
REFERENTIAL EX~MP~E 1 (Preparation of U-F condensate) Urea and 37% formalin were mixed together so that a molar ratio U:F came to 1:1, and the mixture was adjusted to pH 8.0 with sodium hydroxide. An amount, equal to the amount of the used urea, of water was added thereto, and a temperature was elevated up to 95C in one hour at a constant speed of temperature elevation. Subsequently, the mixture was kept at 95C for 30 minutes, and then X0~0408 1 was again adjusted to pH 8.0, and the mixture was rapidly cooled to room temperature to obtain a preliminary U-F
condensate.
The preliminary condensate thus obtained was heated to 75C in a kneader while agitating it, after which 3.0% by volume of 40% phosphoric acid was added.
While keeping the content at 75C and dehydrating it with stirring, it was reacted for 3 hours to obtain a U-F
condensate.
Based on the weight in anhydrous state, the U-F condensate thus obtained had a total methylol content of 0.75~ by weight and a hot water elution percentage of 7.5% by weight.
EXAMPLES 1 and 2, and COMPARATIVE EXA~PLES 1-8 1) Preparation of pelletized seed 800 Grams of heavy clay, 200 g of peat moss, 20 g of gum arabic, 5 g of orchard grass seeds and the U-F condensate obtained in Referential Example 1 or various fertilizer components shown in Table 1 used for comparison were compounded and kneaded together with pure water.
The kneaded mixture was strained through a sieve having an opening size of 7 mm and dried at 40C to obtain pelletized seeds. One pellet thus obtained contained 3 to 4 seeds.
2) Growth test of the pelletized seed Table 1 illustrates the results of growth tests of the pelletized seeds obtained above.
1 Place of test: A field in vinyl house Scale of test: 0.25 m2ione test plot, 60 pellets/one test plot, one-plot three series test plot Perio* of test: 41 days (daily mean atmospheric temperature: 18C) A germination percentage of a pellet was calculated based on one piece of pellet. The plant was dug up 41 days after the seeding, and its fresh weight and dry weight were measured. The results are summarized in Table 1.
As shown in Comparative Examples 1-4 in Table 1, conventional chemical fertilizers had a tendency to inhibit the growth. Particularly, when amounts used thereof were increased, they caused severe inhibitions on the germination of seed and growth of plant body (Comparative Examples 5-8).
On the other hand, condensates according to the present invention had a tendency to help the germination and growth even at the concentration at which the conventional chemical fertilizers caused the severe inhibitions.
_ _ ._ .
_ ~ ~ ~r ~9 ~ 1` ~ a~ ~ 1` ~ ~
.~ ~ ~ Ln Lt~
When a white turbidity appears in the reaction mixture, the reaction is stopped and the reaction mixture is again adjusted to pH 7-8. Thus, a preliminary U-F condensate is obtained.
Method (b) --- A mixture prepared by mixing urea and the formalin at such a quantitative ratio as to give a molar ratio U:F of from 1:2.0 to 1:2.5 is adjusted to pH 7-8 with an alkaline substance such as sodium hydroxide or the like and reacted at a temperature of from 20 to 95C for from 1 to 30 hours. After the mixture is again adjusted to pH 4-7, it is further reacted at 80-98C.
The time at which a liquid taken out from the reaction mixture becomes slightly cloudy when it is cooled to 20C, is taken as the end point of the reaction. Then, an additional quantity of urea is added so that total molar ratio U:F comes to from 1:0.9 to 1:1.2, and the reaction is further made to progress. When a white turbidity appears in the reaction mixture, the reaction is stopped to obtain a preliminary U-F condensate.
The U-F condensate can be produced by adjusting the preliminary U-F condensate prepared according to the above-mentioned method (a) or (b) to pH 3-5 with an acidic substance such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or the like, and reacting it at a temperature of 60-80C while evaporating water in an apparatus for agitating and mixing the reaction mixture such as kneader, ribbon mixer or the like, until water content of the reaction mixture reaches ' ':
1 45% by weight or less. The U-F condensate thus prepared has a form of powder or granule. Any forms of product may be used in the present invention.
When a molar ratio U:F is out of the above~
mentioned range and an amount of urea is smaller than specified above in producing of the U-F condensate, the total methylol content in the resulting U-F condensate is high. On the other hand, when a molar ratio U:F is out of the above-mentioned range and an amount of urea is larger than specified above. The resulting U-F
condensate decomposes in the soil too rapidly. In both these cases, such a condensate has a tendency to inhibit the germination of seed.
The condensation reaction of the preliminary U-F condensate in the presence of acidic substance progresses more rapidly when a pH of the reaction system is lower and a reaction temperature is higher, and a degree of condensation becomes higher ~hen a reaction time is longer. With progress of the reaction, total methylol content in the condensate decreases, and its hot water elution percentage decreases.
When a U-F condensate of which total methylol content and hot water elution percentage are out of the ranges specified above is incorporated into a pelletized seed, the germination of seed is inhibited.
The plants of which seed can be used as a pelletized seed of the present invention include pasture plants such as orchard grass, Italian rye grass, timothy, 20~040~
1 alfalfa, Kentucky bluegrass and the like; vegetables such as carrot, tomato, eggplant, celery, lettuce, cucurbitaceous plants (such as watermelon, netted melon, cucumber, etc.) and the like; flowering plants such as petunia, garden portulaca, begonia, poppy, gloxinia, baby's-breath, snapdragon, sage, sweet pea and the like;
lawn grasses such as bent grass, perennial rye grass, Korai turf, wild turf and the like; and woody plants such as bush clover, white birch, mountain alder, Japanese red pine, mountain birGh, and the like.
The pelletized seed of the present invention can be produced by pelletizing a plant seed and a condensate using pelletizing materials such as a granulating material, binder material and the like.
In producing the pelletized seed of the present invention, water-absorbing material and various adjuvants may be appropriately selected and used in addition to the above-men~ioned pelletizing materials, if necessary.
The granulating materials which can be used in the present invention include soil, heavy clay, calcium carbonate, slaked lime, ash from plants, diatomaceous earch, vermiculite, bentonite, zeolite, chaff, peat moss, pulp, compost, sawdust and the like.
The binder materials usable in the present invention include carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, synthetic resin pastes, gum arabic, gelatine and the like. The binder ~aterial may be used in an appropriate amount. For example, it is used ' ~
.
1 in an amount of 2 to 3 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of a granualting material, in case of gum arabic.
An amount of the pelletizing material and a size of pellet may be appropriately selected so that every one pelletized seed comes to contain from 1 to 5 seed(s).
In the pelletized seed of the present invention, the condensate is an indispensable component, and its amount is from 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the pelletizing material.
As a water-absorbing material, a starch-acrylic acid graft copolymer, a crosslinked product of acrylic acid, chitosan, pullulan gel or the like are appropriately used.
An adjuvant may be appropriately selected from germination promoter, plant growth promoter, fungicide, insecticide and the like and added for the purpose of additionally promoting germination and growth of the plant.
Preferably, the pelletized seed of the present invention is produced by compounding a seed with a pelletizing material and a condensate, and optionally with a water-absorbing material and adjuvant, adding an appropriate quantity of water, kneading the mixture, pelletizing the kneaded mixture by a method of extrusion or the like, and then drying the pellet. A drying _ g _ ,` ' ' " ' ~.
201040~3 1 temperature should be in a range where the enzymes in the seed keep their activity. That is, it is preferably 40C or less.
The pelletized seed of the present invention has the following advantages:
1) Since the condensate used in the present invention gradually decomposes in the soil, it promotes the germination of seed and growth of plant body without exercising serious inhibition on its germination and growth.
2) Since the condensate used in the present invention is only slightly soluble in water, its loss by rain water and the like is slight, so that it brings about a growth-promoting effect with certainty.
Next, the present invention is illustrated more specifically referring to the following Referential Example, Examples and Comparative Examples.
However, the present invention should not be construed to be restricted by the examples.
REFERENTIAL EX~MP~E 1 (Preparation of U-F condensate) Urea and 37% formalin were mixed together so that a molar ratio U:F came to 1:1, and the mixture was adjusted to pH 8.0 with sodium hydroxide. An amount, equal to the amount of the used urea, of water was added thereto, and a temperature was elevated up to 95C in one hour at a constant speed of temperature elevation. Subsequently, the mixture was kept at 95C for 30 minutes, and then X0~0408 1 was again adjusted to pH 8.0, and the mixture was rapidly cooled to room temperature to obtain a preliminary U-F
condensate.
The preliminary condensate thus obtained was heated to 75C in a kneader while agitating it, after which 3.0% by volume of 40% phosphoric acid was added.
While keeping the content at 75C and dehydrating it with stirring, it was reacted for 3 hours to obtain a U-F
condensate.
Based on the weight in anhydrous state, the U-F condensate thus obtained had a total methylol content of 0.75~ by weight and a hot water elution percentage of 7.5% by weight.
EXAMPLES 1 and 2, and COMPARATIVE EXA~PLES 1-8 1) Preparation of pelletized seed 800 Grams of heavy clay, 200 g of peat moss, 20 g of gum arabic, 5 g of orchard grass seeds and the U-F condensate obtained in Referential Example 1 or various fertilizer components shown in Table 1 used for comparison were compounded and kneaded together with pure water.
The kneaded mixture was strained through a sieve having an opening size of 7 mm and dried at 40C to obtain pelletized seeds. One pellet thus obtained contained 3 to 4 seeds.
2) Growth test of the pelletized seed Table 1 illustrates the results of growth tests of the pelletized seeds obtained above.
1 Place of test: A field in vinyl house Scale of test: 0.25 m2ione test plot, 60 pellets/one test plot, one-plot three series test plot Perio* of test: 41 days (daily mean atmospheric temperature: 18C) A germination percentage of a pellet was calculated based on one piece of pellet. The plant was dug up 41 days after the seeding, and its fresh weight and dry weight were measured. The results are summarized in Table 1.
As shown in Comparative Examples 1-4 in Table 1, conventional chemical fertilizers had a tendency to inhibit the growth. Particularly, when amounts used thereof were increased, they caused severe inhibitions on the germination of seed and growth of plant body (Comparative Examples 5-8).
On the other hand, condensates according to the present invention had a tendency to help the germination and growth even at the concentration at which the conventional chemical fertilizers caused the severe inhibitions.
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20~0408 1 EXAMPLES 3-8 and COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 9 and 10 1) Preparation of pelletized seed 700 Grams of heavy clay, 200 g of peat moss, 20 g of calcium carboante, 20 g of superphosphate of lime, 20 g of potassium sulfate, 1 g of Snow Growace (plant growth promoter), 15 g of gum arabic, 15 g of perennial rye grass seeds and a U-aldehyde condensate (the above-mentioned U-F condensate, isobutylidene diurea or crotonylidene diurea) or ammonium chloride as a comparative fertilizer component were compounded at the compounding ratio shown in Table 2. After adding water, the mixture was kneaded. The kneaded mixture was molded by means of a sieve plate type granulating machine (pelleter) having an opening size of 6 mm and dried at 40C to obtain pelletized seeds. One pellet thus prepared contained 3 to 4 seeds.
2) Growth test of the pelletized seed Table 2 illustrates the results of growth tests of the pelletized seeds obtained above.
Place of test: A field in vinyl house Scale of test: 0.22 m2/one test plot, 60 pellets/one test plot, one-plot three-series test plot Period of test: 39 days (daily mean atmospheric temperature: 17C) The germination percentage was calculated based on one piece of pellet. Fresh weight and dry weight of :
2010~08 1 the plant were measured 39 days aftex the seeding. The results are summarized in Table 2.
,' 20~0~08 _ .
_ ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ o o ,` ~
~ ~,~ a~ ~ ~
~:: N 3 ~ `I ~ ~ ~ L~
.tJ~
3 ~ _ . . ._ _ ~0 O .C ~ t` o 1` ~ ~ ~ 1` 0 ~7 h h ul ~ ~ c5~ ~I CJ~ ~r o ~r ~ ~
o a) a) ,l . . . . . . . . .
s~ ~ o cO ~ ~ ~ oo ~r 1~ 3 _ U'~ u~
~ d~
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~1 ~ ~ L~ D O ~ O ~ 00 ~ U ~CO ~ C~ CO CO1` 1`
a) o Q _ .
E~ o o o o o o o o o O
~ - aJ S~
o ~ ~a) ~ o ~ ~ ~ o O ~ ~ ~1 1~ 1 ~ ::~U~ ) ~ Dl h ~: O ~ ) ~
~ 0 ~ ~ ~ 1 N ~ ~ ~ ~E3 ~ ,~
rl _t tOO ~ ~ ~ ~ rl O
,, ~o ~ a) o a~ ~ ~ ~ a) o a ~ ~1 r4 ~ 1 0 Q ~ O
S~ ~O ~ O ~~ ~O ~O
a) I o~ ItO~
~4 ~H ~(.~ ~~C ~H ~C.
.
~ ~0 ~r u~ ,1 a~
a) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
_l ~ O
n~ ~ ~ ~ ~ h XO X X O X O
~ 1~ i U
.. ~
:
3u~ _ __ ~o ~
O~ ~ ~I` O 0CO1~ ~ 11~ ~ N CO
u~ ~ ~ ~ t~ ~oo ~ r a~
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~ ~ ~0~1` CO 0000CO ~ ~ ~ CO
a) a) ~ ~ ~o a~
_~ .
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Ei ~ ~ ~\
X OX X OX O
~ ~ C~
' , .
:
20~0408 1 EXAMPLES 3-8 and COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 9 and 10 1) Preparation of pelletized seed 700 Grams of heavy clay, 200 g of peat moss, 20 g of calcium carboante, 20 g of superphosphate of lime, 20 g of potassium sulfate, 1 g of Snow Growace (plant growth promoter), 15 g of gum arabic, 15 g of perennial rye grass seeds and a U-aldehyde condensate (the above-mentioned U-F condensate, isobutylidene diurea or crotonylidene diurea) or ammonium chloride as a comparative fertilizer component were compounded at the compounding ratio shown in Table 2. After adding water, the mixture was kneaded. The kneaded mixture was molded by means of a sieve plate type granulating machine (pelleter) having an opening size of 6 mm and dried at 40C to obtain pelletized seeds. One pellet thus prepared contained 3 to 4 seeds.
2) Growth test of the pelletized seed Table 2 illustrates the results of growth tests of the pelletized seeds obtained above.
Place of test: A field in vinyl house Scale of test: 0.22 m2/one test plot, 60 pellets/one test plot, one-plot three-series test plot Period of test: 39 days (daily mean atmospheric temperature: 17C) The germination percentage was calculated based on one piece of pellet. Fresh weight and dry weight of :
2010~08 1 the plant were measured 39 days aftex the seeding. The results are summarized in Table 2.
,' 20~0~08 _ .
_ ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ o o ,` ~
~ ~,~ a~ ~ ~
~:: N 3 ~ `I ~ ~ ~ L~
.tJ~
3 ~ _ . . ._ _ ~0 O .C ~ t` o 1` ~ ~ ~ 1` 0 ~7 h h ul ~ ~ c5~ ~I CJ~ ~r o ~r ~ ~
o a) a) ,l . . . . . . . . .
s~ ~ o cO ~ ~ ~ oo ~r 1~ 3 _ U'~ u~
~ d~
O ~--~ O r~ o OD O ~ O CO ~
~1 ~ ~ L~ D O ~ O ~ 00 ~ U ~CO ~ C~ CO CO1` 1`
a) o Q _ .
E~ o o o o o o o o o O
~ - aJ S~
o ~ ~a) ~ o ~ ~ ~ o O ~ ~ ~1 1~ 1 ~ ::~U~ ) ~ Dl h ~: O ~ ) ~
~ 0 ~ ~ ~ 1 N ~ ~ ~ ~E3 ~ ,~
rl _t tOO ~ ~ ~ ~ rl O
,, ~o ~ a) o a~ ~ ~ ~ a) o a ~ ~1 r4 ~ 1 0 Q ~ O
S~ ~O ~ O ~~ ~O ~O
a) I o~ ItO~
~4 ~H ~(.~ ~~C ~H ~C.
.
~ ~0 ~r u~ ,1 a~
a) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
_l ~ O
n~ ~ ~ ~ ~ h XO X X O X O
~ 1~ i U
.. ~
:
Claims (12)
1. A pelletized seed comprising a plant seed and a condensate formed between urea and an aldehyde compound.
2. A pelletized seed according to Claim 1, wherein the aldehyde compound is at least one member selected from the group consisting of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, isobutyraldehyde and glyoxal.
3. A pelletized seed according to Claim 1, wherein the condensate has a hot water elution percentage (percentage of eluted portion, based on the weight in anhydrous state, which a condensate shows when its one part by weight is immersed in 20 parts by weight of hot water at 80°C for 30 minutes; hereinafter the same) of 0.1 to 30% by weight.
4. A pelletized seed according to Claim 1, wherein the condensate has a hot water elution percentage of 0.1 to 20% by weight.
5. A pelletized seed according to Claim 1, wherein the condensate has a hot water elution percentage of 0.5 to 10% by weight.
6. A pelletized seed according to Claim 1, wherein the aldehyde compound is formaldehyde, and the condensate has a hot water elution percentage in a range from 0.5%
to 10% by weight and a total methylol content in a range from 0.05% to 1.5% by weight.
to 10% by weight and a total methylol content in a range from 0.05% to 1.5% by weight.
7. A pelletized seed according to Claim 6, wherein the total methylol content is in a range of 0.15% to 1.0% by weight.
8. A pelletized seed according to Claim 1, wherein the plant seed is at least one member selected from the group consisting of seeds of orchard grass, Italian rye grass, timothy and alfalfa.
9. A pelletized seed according to Claim 1, wherein the plant seed is at least one member selected from the group consisting of seeds of carrot, tomato, eggplant, celery, lettuce and cucurbitaceous plants.
10. A pelletized seed according to Claim 1, wherein the plant seed is at least one member selected from the group consisting of seeds of petunia, garden portulaca, begonia, poppy and gloxinia.
11. A pelletized seed according to Claim 1, wherein the plant seed is at least one member selected from the group consisting of seeds of bent grass, Korai turf and wild turf.
12. A pelletized seed according to Claim 1, wherein-plant seed is at least one member selected from the group consisting of seeds of Kentucky bluegrass, watermelon, netted melon, cucumber, baby's-breath, snapdragon, sage, sweet pea, perennial rye grass, bush clover, white birch, mountain alder, Japanese red pine and mountain birch.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5198389 | 1989-03-06 | ||
| JP01-051983 | 1989-03-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2010408A1 true CA2010408A1 (en) | 1990-09-06 |
Family
ID=12902094
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2010408 Abandoned CA2010408A1 (en) | 1989-03-06 | 1990-02-20 | Pelletized seed |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1020537C (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2010408A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2229350B (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ232626A (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10102555B4 (en) * | 2001-01-19 | 2014-04-10 | Suet Saat- Und Erntetechnik Gmbh | Seed with an envelope containing nitrogen fertilizer |
| KR101002884B1 (en) | 2002-03-26 | 2010-12-21 | 조지아-퍼시픽 케미칼즈 엘엘씨 | Slow Release Nitrogen Fertilizer |
| KR100647255B1 (en) * | 2002-10-28 | 2006-11-17 | 김승현 | The pellet of bulbous plants, the methods of pelletization and the cultivation way with the pellet and the methods |
| KR100457856B1 (en) * | 2002-10-28 | 2004-11-18 | 김승현 | The Pellet of plants seed, the methods of pelletization and the cultivation way with the pellet and the methods |
| CN104145559B (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2016-03-02 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | A kind of method making watermelon germination neat and consistent |
| CN105993562A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-10-12 | 固镇县华丰农业有限公司 | Seedling raising method for eggplants |
-
1990
- 1990-02-20 CA CA 2010408 patent/CA2010408A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-02-21 NZ NZ23262690A patent/NZ232626A/en unknown
- 1990-03-06 CN CN 90101182 patent/CN1020537C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-03-06 GB GB9004981A patent/GB2229350B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9004981D0 (en) | 1990-05-02 |
| GB2229350B (en) | 1993-02-17 |
| NZ232626A (en) | 1991-06-25 |
| AU5017290A (en) | 1990-09-06 |
| CN1045326A (en) | 1990-09-19 |
| GB2229350A (en) | 1990-09-26 |
| CN1020537C (en) | 1993-05-12 |
| AU623979B2 (en) | 1992-05-28 |
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