CA1336318C - Aspiration catheter and placement system with non-return valve - Google Patents
Aspiration catheter and placement system with non-return valveInfo
- Publication number
- CA1336318C CA1336318C CA000614453A CA614453A CA1336318C CA 1336318 C CA1336318 C CA 1336318C CA 000614453 A CA000614453 A CA 000614453A CA 614453 A CA614453 A CA 614453A CA 1336318 C CA1336318 C CA 1336318C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder
- cavity
- catheter
- cannula
- housing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/03—Detecting, measuring or recording fluid pressure within the body other than blood pressure, e.g. cerebral pressure; Measuring pressure in body tissues or organs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/04—Artificial pneumothorax apparatus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2210/00—Anatomical parts of the body
- A61M2210/10—Trunk
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2210/00—Anatomical parts of the body
- A61M2210/10—Trunk
- A61M2210/101—Pleural cavity
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
Abstract
Apparatus for selectively aspirating and draining a body cavity includes a cylindrical housing having a flanged closure at one end from which extends a cannula within a flexible catheter for placement into the cavity. An open discharge port at the other end of the housing is attachable to a suction tube. A pair of cylindrical check valves are coaxially positioned within the housing together with the cannula which includes a sharpened end that retractably extends through the catheter and a self-sealing elastomeric closure plug in each valve. The opposite end of the cannula terminates in one end of a receiver mounted in the housing, the other end being closed with a removable plug and adapted for attachment to an aspirating syringe. A side port of the receiver communicates with a self-supporting balloon that is dimensionally responsive to air pressure within the cavity and therefore functions as a pressure indicator. Withdrawal of the cannula from the cavity and check valves permits drainage of the cavity through the catheter, check valves and suction tube, with the catheter remaining in place unless separately withdrawn.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to apparatus adapted for selectively aspirating and draining a body cavity and more particularly to pneumothorax evacuation apparatus having a non-return valve.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Severe bodily trauma as may occur in a fall or motor vehicle accident can easily result in one or more fractured ribs that in turn may occasion a tear in a lung.
In the event of such occurrence, a tension pneumothorax condition may result. Such a condition develops when the injured lung collapses and permits the escape of some air into the pleural cavity with each breath taken. As a result, the cavity pressurizes. This condition is cumulative such that the heart and blood vessels connected thereto are displaced to one side together with the torn, collapsed lung and the normal lung. The pressure in the cavity does not equalize with the air pressure in the injured lung because of the nature of the tear which acts as a non-return valve.
Thus, air escapes readily from the injured lung but does not return. Eventually, sufficient air pressure buildup occurs in the cavity so that the displaced heart will kink the blood vessels connected thereto. This condition can lead to circulatory failure and ensuing death.
As an emergency measure, immediate aspiration of the pleural cavity is required and may be readily performed even by semi-skilled medical attendants first on the scene.
_ 1 _ , :', ~ ` 13363~8 Most commonly, such attendants would be ambulance personnel or possibly paramedical members of the medical profession.
Depending on the severity of the injury, the time available for corrective measures may be exceedingly short so that it i5 imperative to diagnose the condition and act immediately with appropriate measures on site and en route to a hospital.
Symptomatic of tension pneumothorax is a blue facial color. This symptom, however, may also arise from other causes and is therefore not exclusively definitive of tension pneumothorax. As a result, any corroborating test for tension pneumothorax should be capable of quick performance by relatively inexperienced personnel so that if the problem is elsewhere suitable procedures may be followed.
Since the situation is imminently life threatening, speed and accuracy of diagnosis are essential.
Medical apparatus for the aspiration of pneumothorax is disclosed in United States Patent 4,592,741 Vincent which issued June 3, 1986. Although eminently well adapted for the task of pneumothorax aspiration, the Vincent apparatus is severely limited by the requirement for a source of electrical power to activate a suction pump.
Another apparatus useful in the aspiration of pneumothorax is intended for both aspirating and draining a body cavity and is described in United States patent 4,664,660 Goldberg et al which issued May 12, 1987. The Goldberg et al apparatus does not require a source of electrical power and is portable to the extent that it may be readily carried about in a small sterile kit. Due to the sterile requirements under which such apparatus is used, the Goldberg et al apparatus would likely be disposable.
: 0,_-:.~
- 13363~8 Nevertheless, the apparatus is relatively complex in structure and, as a result, is expected to be expensive to manufacture. Most significantly, however, the Goldberg at al apparatus does not include any means to test for the tension pneumothorax condition other than to note the aspiration of air from the chest cavity which may not be readily detected, particularly under noisy conditions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A principal provision of the present invention is apparatus for aspirating a pleural cavity that includes pressure indicator means responsive to positive and negative cavity pressures to indicate respectively the presence or absence of tension pneumothorax.
Another provision of the invention is apparatus employing check valve means with ambient air sealing for selectively aspirating and draining the pleural cavity.
Still another provision of the invention is such apparatus for selectively aspirating and draining the pleural cavity where the apparatus is simple in structure and consequently economical to manufacture.
The problems associated with the prior art may be substantially overcome and the foregoing objectives achieved by recourse to the present invention which relates to apparatus for selectively aspirating and draining a body cavity. The apparatus comprises housing means having side walls defining an inlet chamber with a closed end in fluid communication with a discharge chamber having an open discharge port, check valve means including an inlet ., . ... ~.
., ~
I 3363~8 sealingly joined to the closed end and an outlet in operably fluid communication with the inlet chamber, catheter means including cannula means having one end adapted to enter the pleural cavity, a body portion traversing the closed end, and an opposite end communicating the cavity selectively with the check valve means and the ambient atmosphere, and pressure indicator means disposed within the housing means in fluid communication with the cannula means to indicate the presence of fluid pressure within the cavity.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will now be more particularly described with reference to an embodiment thereof shown, by way of example, in the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is a perspective view, with portions broken away, revealing the interior of apparatus for selectively aspirating and draining a pleural cavity in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of Fig. 1 taken along the lines 2-2;
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of Fig. 1 taken along the lines 3-3; and Fig. 4 is a side elevation view of a cannula used in the apparatus of Fig. 1.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Apparatus for detecting and treating tension pneumothorax is illustrated in a perspective vlew in Fig. 1 . . ~
-`- `1 3~63~8 and is shown generally as apparatus 10 for selectively aspirating and draining a pleural cavity (not shown) enclosing a collapsed lung. The apparatus 10 will be seen to include housing means in the form of a cylinder 11 having a side wall portion broken away to reveal a coaxial arrangement therein of first and second check valves 12 and 13, respectively. An inlet end of the cylinder 11 is closed by means of a flanged closure 14 having attachment flanges 15 and 16 which may be best seen in Fig. 2. The flanges 15 and 16 extend radially outwardly from the cylinder 11 to facilitate attachment to the chest surface of a patient as by adhesive tape. A more secure attachment may be made by sutures (not shown) which is facilitated by apertures 17 and 18.
Reference to Fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional profile of the closure 14 wherein it will be observed that the closure includes an inwardly facing tiered central portion 20 having an outwardly facing concavity 21. It will be understood from Fig. 2 that the portion 20 comprises an uppermost cylindrical tier 22 that is adapted to sealingly engage and retain an inlet end of a thin walled cylinder 23 that comprises a body portion of the valve 12. An intermediate cylindrical tier 24 correspondingly engages the inlet end of a thin walled cylinder 25 that forms the body portion of the valve 13. A lowermost cylinder tier 26 is similarly adapted to sealingly engage and retain an inlet end of the cylinder 11.
Further reference to Fig. 2 shows the coaxial arrangement of the cylinders 11, 23 and 25, together with a catheter 30 that comprises a flexible plastic tube 31 of ..... . .
.
small diameter having open ends. One end of the tube 31 is referred to herein as a body portion 32 having thick side walls that are sealingly fixed within a passage 33 that leads through the closure 14 into fluid communication with the interior of the valve 12.
Fig. 2 also illustrates the coaxial placement of a cannula 35, shown in enlarged detail in Fig. 4.
Fundamentally, the cannula 35 comprises a stainless steel hollow needle 36 which is of small diameter and is adapted to slidably traverse the flexible tube 31. It will be seen that the needle 36 includes an open sharp end 37 that is adapted to pierce through the chest wall of a subject into the pneumothorax which is also referred to herein as a pleural cavity. In so doing, the tube 31 is concurrently carried into the cavity. The other end of the needle 36 is provided with an open blunt end 38.
A receiver 39 forms part of the cannula 35 and includes a longitudinal body portion as shown which defines a chamber 40 with open ends. It will be observed that one end of the chamber 40 receives and fixedly secures the blunt end 38 of the needle 36 and that the opposite end of the chamber 40 is openably closed with a removable plug 41 .
Additionally, a side port 42 extends radially outwardly of the receiver 39 and is in fluid communication with the chamber 40. A free end of the port 42 is adapted to be attached by known means to a self-supporting balloon 45 that functions as a pressure indicator in fluid communication with the cannula 35 to indicate the presence of fluid pressure within the pleural cavity.
Support for the cannula 35 within the cylinder 11 ,, ... ..... ~
. , ` 1 336~1 8 is provided by a support bar 46 which also distinguishes the inlet chamber of the cylinder 11, housing the valves 12 and 13, from a discharge chamber 63 that includes an open discharge port 47. The port 47 is circumscribed by an 5 axially extending collar 48 that is adapted to receivably retain one end of a suction tube 49 as illustrated.
Frictional engagement of the tube 49 with the collar 48 is attained in a known manner by forcing the tube 49, which is resilient, over the collar 48.
It will be understood that the bar 46 includes an aperture 50 into which the receiver 39 fits, the receiver being held in a predetermined position by means of an annular flange 51.
Physically, the apparatus 10 is sized to be held 15 comfortably with one hand. To ensure that the apparatus 10 does not slip from the grip of the user during use, a pair of grip flanges 53 and 54 are provided. These flanges extend radially outwardly from the cylinder 11 to facilitate use of the apparatus 10 with one hand.
As previously described, the valve 12 includes a body portion fabricated from the cylinder 23 having its open end sealably j oined to the tier 22. The other end of the cylinder 23 is closed by means of a self-sealing elastomeric plug 55 through which the needle 36 is retractably driven.
Reference to Fig. 1 shows clearly that the side walls of the cylinder 23 include a plurality of apertures 60.
A thin resilient latex sheath 61 overlies the external surface of the cylinder 23 and is in intimate contact therewith. Each aperture 60 is therefore normally closed by 30 the sheath 61 and is opened only when the interior of the .. . . .. . . ..
~ ~.
, ....
: 133631B
cylinder 23 is acted upon by fluid pressure from the pleural cavity which causes the sheath 61 to be raised. This arrangement provides a corresponding plurality of flap valves so that fluid under pressure entering the valve 12 through the catheter 30 may escape through the apertures 60 into the second valve 13 which is structured in a like manner to the valve 12. Accordingly, the pressurized fluid entering the valve 13 may escape through the apertures 60 into the inlet side of the cylinder 11 and therefrom through passages 62 into the discharge chamber 63 from which the pressurized fluid exits through the port 47. The valves 12 and 13 thus act as non-return valves since fluid under pressure may only pass unidirectionally through the valves. A return flow is prevented by the sheath 61.
Corresponding to the plug 55, a self-sealing elastomeric plug 64 closes one end of the cylinder 25.
In order to selectively aspirate and drain a pleural cavity enclosing a collapsed lung, the sharpened end 37 of the needle 36, which extends axially outwardly of the tube 31, is forced into the cavity through the side wall of the chest. As previously disclosed, this action carries the tube 31 into the cavity as well. If a tension pneumothorax condition is present, the balloon 45 will dimensionally respond to a positive pressure within th^ cavity by increasing in size. Alternatively, a negative pressure in a normal pleural cavity will cause the balloon 45 to decrease in size. In this respect, the balloon is fabricated from latex of sufficient thickness to prevent collapse of the balloon at ambient atmospheric pressure and to dimensionally change in size responsive to fluid pressure within the .,.. , ,,.. _ ,.. ..
~ ~3~63~8 cavity. The condition of tension pneumothorax may therefore be readily and immediately recognized. Aspiration of the pleural cavity may then follow by removing the cannula 35 and joining the tube 49 with the collar 48 or by removing the plug 41 and inserting a corresponding open end of a syringe (not shown) into the receiver 39 to withdraw a predetermined quantity of air from the cavity. Use of the syringe permits removal of the air in a controlled manner so that an excessive amount of air is not withdrawn. Excessive air removal can result in too low a pressure within the cavity that could cause severe complications. As the air is withdrawn through the syringe, the balloon 45 continues to monitor the air pressure and to indicate clearly whether additional air is to be removed by the syringe and when air withdrawal should be temporarily halted so as not to lower excessively the air pressure within the pleural cavity.
Normally the discharge port 47 remains open so as to facilitate connection of the syringe (not shown) with the receiver 39 as described. Should, however, draining the cavity be required, the cannula 35 and its needle 36 are first withdrawn through the port 47. This permits the plugs 55 and 64 to seal. The tube 49 is then joined to the collar 48 and suction is applied to withdraw fluids from the cavity by way of the catheter 30 and the valves 12 and 13.
Withdrawal of the cannula 35 thus permits communicating the cavity selectively with the check valves. Alternatively, reinsertion of the cannula 35 permits selective fluid communication of the cavity with the ambient atmosphere or the syringe as described.
To those individuals skilled in the art to whom , -- ~ 1 33631 8 this specification is addressed, it will be apparent that the embodiment heretofore described may be varied to meet particular requirements without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention disclosed. For example, instead of a self-supporting balloon 45, some other indicator means may be used to detect the presence of fluid pressure.
An example would be a piezoelectric pressure transducer coupled to the port 42. Another variation may be the addition of side apertures (not shown) adjacent the sharp end 37 of the needle 36 to facilitate fluid removal from the pleural cavity. Accordingly, the foregoing embodiment is therefore not to be taken as indicative of the limits of the invention but rather as an exemplary structure of the invention which is described by the claims appended hereto.
This invention relates to apparatus adapted for selectively aspirating and draining a body cavity and more particularly to pneumothorax evacuation apparatus having a non-return valve.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Severe bodily trauma as may occur in a fall or motor vehicle accident can easily result in one or more fractured ribs that in turn may occasion a tear in a lung.
In the event of such occurrence, a tension pneumothorax condition may result. Such a condition develops when the injured lung collapses and permits the escape of some air into the pleural cavity with each breath taken. As a result, the cavity pressurizes. This condition is cumulative such that the heart and blood vessels connected thereto are displaced to one side together with the torn, collapsed lung and the normal lung. The pressure in the cavity does not equalize with the air pressure in the injured lung because of the nature of the tear which acts as a non-return valve.
Thus, air escapes readily from the injured lung but does not return. Eventually, sufficient air pressure buildup occurs in the cavity so that the displaced heart will kink the blood vessels connected thereto. This condition can lead to circulatory failure and ensuing death.
As an emergency measure, immediate aspiration of the pleural cavity is required and may be readily performed even by semi-skilled medical attendants first on the scene.
_ 1 _ , :', ~ ` 13363~8 Most commonly, such attendants would be ambulance personnel or possibly paramedical members of the medical profession.
Depending on the severity of the injury, the time available for corrective measures may be exceedingly short so that it i5 imperative to diagnose the condition and act immediately with appropriate measures on site and en route to a hospital.
Symptomatic of tension pneumothorax is a blue facial color. This symptom, however, may also arise from other causes and is therefore not exclusively definitive of tension pneumothorax. As a result, any corroborating test for tension pneumothorax should be capable of quick performance by relatively inexperienced personnel so that if the problem is elsewhere suitable procedures may be followed.
Since the situation is imminently life threatening, speed and accuracy of diagnosis are essential.
Medical apparatus for the aspiration of pneumothorax is disclosed in United States Patent 4,592,741 Vincent which issued June 3, 1986. Although eminently well adapted for the task of pneumothorax aspiration, the Vincent apparatus is severely limited by the requirement for a source of electrical power to activate a suction pump.
Another apparatus useful in the aspiration of pneumothorax is intended for both aspirating and draining a body cavity and is described in United States patent 4,664,660 Goldberg et al which issued May 12, 1987. The Goldberg et al apparatus does not require a source of electrical power and is portable to the extent that it may be readily carried about in a small sterile kit. Due to the sterile requirements under which such apparatus is used, the Goldberg et al apparatus would likely be disposable.
: 0,_-:.~
- 13363~8 Nevertheless, the apparatus is relatively complex in structure and, as a result, is expected to be expensive to manufacture. Most significantly, however, the Goldberg at al apparatus does not include any means to test for the tension pneumothorax condition other than to note the aspiration of air from the chest cavity which may not be readily detected, particularly under noisy conditions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A principal provision of the present invention is apparatus for aspirating a pleural cavity that includes pressure indicator means responsive to positive and negative cavity pressures to indicate respectively the presence or absence of tension pneumothorax.
Another provision of the invention is apparatus employing check valve means with ambient air sealing for selectively aspirating and draining the pleural cavity.
Still another provision of the invention is such apparatus for selectively aspirating and draining the pleural cavity where the apparatus is simple in structure and consequently economical to manufacture.
The problems associated with the prior art may be substantially overcome and the foregoing objectives achieved by recourse to the present invention which relates to apparatus for selectively aspirating and draining a body cavity. The apparatus comprises housing means having side walls defining an inlet chamber with a closed end in fluid communication with a discharge chamber having an open discharge port, check valve means including an inlet ., . ... ~.
., ~
I 3363~8 sealingly joined to the closed end and an outlet in operably fluid communication with the inlet chamber, catheter means including cannula means having one end adapted to enter the pleural cavity, a body portion traversing the closed end, and an opposite end communicating the cavity selectively with the check valve means and the ambient atmosphere, and pressure indicator means disposed within the housing means in fluid communication with the cannula means to indicate the presence of fluid pressure within the cavity.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will now be more particularly described with reference to an embodiment thereof shown, by way of example, in the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is a perspective view, with portions broken away, revealing the interior of apparatus for selectively aspirating and draining a pleural cavity in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of Fig. 1 taken along the lines 2-2;
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of Fig. 1 taken along the lines 3-3; and Fig. 4 is a side elevation view of a cannula used in the apparatus of Fig. 1.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Apparatus for detecting and treating tension pneumothorax is illustrated in a perspective vlew in Fig. 1 . . ~
-`- `1 3~63~8 and is shown generally as apparatus 10 for selectively aspirating and draining a pleural cavity (not shown) enclosing a collapsed lung. The apparatus 10 will be seen to include housing means in the form of a cylinder 11 having a side wall portion broken away to reveal a coaxial arrangement therein of first and second check valves 12 and 13, respectively. An inlet end of the cylinder 11 is closed by means of a flanged closure 14 having attachment flanges 15 and 16 which may be best seen in Fig. 2. The flanges 15 and 16 extend radially outwardly from the cylinder 11 to facilitate attachment to the chest surface of a patient as by adhesive tape. A more secure attachment may be made by sutures (not shown) which is facilitated by apertures 17 and 18.
Reference to Fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional profile of the closure 14 wherein it will be observed that the closure includes an inwardly facing tiered central portion 20 having an outwardly facing concavity 21. It will be understood from Fig. 2 that the portion 20 comprises an uppermost cylindrical tier 22 that is adapted to sealingly engage and retain an inlet end of a thin walled cylinder 23 that comprises a body portion of the valve 12. An intermediate cylindrical tier 24 correspondingly engages the inlet end of a thin walled cylinder 25 that forms the body portion of the valve 13. A lowermost cylinder tier 26 is similarly adapted to sealingly engage and retain an inlet end of the cylinder 11.
Further reference to Fig. 2 shows the coaxial arrangement of the cylinders 11, 23 and 25, together with a catheter 30 that comprises a flexible plastic tube 31 of ..... . .
.
small diameter having open ends. One end of the tube 31 is referred to herein as a body portion 32 having thick side walls that are sealingly fixed within a passage 33 that leads through the closure 14 into fluid communication with the interior of the valve 12.
Fig. 2 also illustrates the coaxial placement of a cannula 35, shown in enlarged detail in Fig. 4.
Fundamentally, the cannula 35 comprises a stainless steel hollow needle 36 which is of small diameter and is adapted to slidably traverse the flexible tube 31. It will be seen that the needle 36 includes an open sharp end 37 that is adapted to pierce through the chest wall of a subject into the pneumothorax which is also referred to herein as a pleural cavity. In so doing, the tube 31 is concurrently carried into the cavity. The other end of the needle 36 is provided with an open blunt end 38.
A receiver 39 forms part of the cannula 35 and includes a longitudinal body portion as shown which defines a chamber 40 with open ends. It will be observed that one end of the chamber 40 receives and fixedly secures the blunt end 38 of the needle 36 and that the opposite end of the chamber 40 is openably closed with a removable plug 41 .
Additionally, a side port 42 extends radially outwardly of the receiver 39 and is in fluid communication with the chamber 40. A free end of the port 42 is adapted to be attached by known means to a self-supporting balloon 45 that functions as a pressure indicator in fluid communication with the cannula 35 to indicate the presence of fluid pressure within the pleural cavity.
Support for the cannula 35 within the cylinder 11 ,, ... ..... ~
. , ` 1 336~1 8 is provided by a support bar 46 which also distinguishes the inlet chamber of the cylinder 11, housing the valves 12 and 13, from a discharge chamber 63 that includes an open discharge port 47. The port 47 is circumscribed by an 5 axially extending collar 48 that is adapted to receivably retain one end of a suction tube 49 as illustrated.
Frictional engagement of the tube 49 with the collar 48 is attained in a known manner by forcing the tube 49, which is resilient, over the collar 48.
It will be understood that the bar 46 includes an aperture 50 into which the receiver 39 fits, the receiver being held in a predetermined position by means of an annular flange 51.
Physically, the apparatus 10 is sized to be held 15 comfortably with one hand. To ensure that the apparatus 10 does not slip from the grip of the user during use, a pair of grip flanges 53 and 54 are provided. These flanges extend radially outwardly from the cylinder 11 to facilitate use of the apparatus 10 with one hand.
As previously described, the valve 12 includes a body portion fabricated from the cylinder 23 having its open end sealably j oined to the tier 22. The other end of the cylinder 23 is closed by means of a self-sealing elastomeric plug 55 through which the needle 36 is retractably driven.
Reference to Fig. 1 shows clearly that the side walls of the cylinder 23 include a plurality of apertures 60.
A thin resilient latex sheath 61 overlies the external surface of the cylinder 23 and is in intimate contact therewith. Each aperture 60 is therefore normally closed by 30 the sheath 61 and is opened only when the interior of the .. . . .. . . ..
~ ~.
, ....
: 133631B
cylinder 23 is acted upon by fluid pressure from the pleural cavity which causes the sheath 61 to be raised. This arrangement provides a corresponding plurality of flap valves so that fluid under pressure entering the valve 12 through the catheter 30 may escape through the apertures 60 into the second valve 13 which is structured in a like manner to the valve 12. Accordingly, the pressurized fluid entering the valve 13 may escape through the apertures 60 into the inlet side of the cylinder 11 and therefrom through passages 62 into the discharge chamber 63 from which the pressurized fluid exits through the port 47. The valves 12 and 13 thus act as non-return valves since fluid under pressure may only pass unidirectionally through the valves. A return flow is prevented by the sheath 61.
Corresponding to the plug 55, a self-sealing elastomeric plug 64 closes one end of the cylinder 25.
In order to selectively aspirate and drain a pleural cavity enclosing a collapsed lung, the sharpened end 37 of the needle 36, which extends axially outwardly of the tube 31, is forced into the cavity through the side wall of the chest. As previously disclosed, this action carries the tube 31 into the cavity as well. If a tension pneumothorax condition is present, the balloon 45 will dimensionally respond to a positive pressure within th^ cavity by increasing in size. Alternatively, a negative pressure in a normal pleural cavity will cause the balloon 45 to decrease in size. In this respect, the balloon is fabricated from latex of sufficient thickness to prevent collapse of the balloon at ambient atmospheric pressure and to dimensionally change in size responsive to fluid pressure within the .,.. , ,,.. _ ,.. ..
~ ~3~63~8 cavity. The condition of tension pneumothorax may therefore be readily and immediately recognized. Aspiration of the pleural cavity may then follow by removing the cannula 35 and joining the tube 49 with the collar 48 or by removing the plug 41 and inserting a corresponding open end of a syringe (not shown) into the receiver 39 to withdraw a predetermined quantity of air from the cavity. Use of the syringe permits removal of the air in a controlled manner so that an excessive amount of air is not withdrawn. Excessive air removal can result in too low a pressure within the cavity that could cause severe complications. As the air is withdrawn through the syringe, the balloon 45 continues to monitor the air pressure and to indicate clearly whether additional air is to be removed by the syringe and when air withdrawal should be temporarily halted so as not to lower excessively the air pressure within the pleural cavity.
Normally the discharge port 47 remains open so as to facilitate connection of the syringe (not shown) with the receiver 39 as described. Should, however, draining the cavity be required, the cannula 35 and its needle 36 are first withdrawn through the port 47. This permits the plugs 55 and 64 to seal. The tube 49 is then joined to the collar 48 and suction is applied to withdraw fluids from the cavity by way of the catheter 30 and the valves 12 and 13.
Withdrawal of the cannula 35 thus permits communicating the cavity selectively with the check valves. Alternatively, reinsertion of the cannula 35 permits selective fluid communication of the cavity with the ambient atmosphere or the syringe as described.
To those individuals skilled in the art to whom , -- ~ 1 33631 8 this specification is addressed, it will be apparent that the embodiment heretofore described may be varied to meet particular requirements without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention disclosed. For example, instead of a self-supporting balloon 45, some other indicator means may be used to detect the presence of fluid pressure.
An example would be a piezoelectric pressure transducer coupled to the port 42. Another variation may be the addition of side apertures (not shown) adjacent the sharp end 37 of the needle 36 to facilitate fluid removal from the pleural cavity. Accordingly, the foregoing embodiment is therefore not to be taken as indicative of the limits of the invention but rather as an exemplary structure of the invention which is described by the claims appended hereto.
Claims (15)
1. Apparatus for selectively aspirating and draining a body cavity, comprising:
housing means having side walls defining an inlet chamber with a closed end in fluid communication with a discharge chamber having an open discharge port;
check valve means including an inlet sealingly joined to the closed end and an outlet in operably fluid communication with the inlet chamber;
catheter means including cannula means having one end adapted to enter the cavity, a body portion traversing the closed end, and an opposite end communicating the cavity selectively with the check valve means and the ambient atmosphere; and pressure indicator means disposed within the housing means in fluid communication with the cannula means to indicate the presence of fluid pressure within the cavity.
housing means having side walls defining an inlet chamber with a closed end in fluid communication with a discharge chamber having an open discharge port;
check valve means including an inlet sealingly joined to the closed end and an outlet in operably fluid communication with the inlet chamber;
catheter means including cannula means having one end adapted to enter the cavity, a body portion traversing the closed end, and an opposite end communicating the cavity selectively with the check valve means and the ambient atmosphere; and pressure indicator means disposed within the housing means in fluid communication with the cannula means to indicate the presence of fluid pressure within the cavity.
2. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, further comprising a grip flange extending radially outwardly from the housing means to facilitate using the apparatus with one hand.
3. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 2, further comprising an attachment flange extending radially outwardly from the closed end of the inlet chamber for attaching the apparatus to a subject user.
4. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 3, wherein the discharge port is circumscribed by an axially extending collar adapted to receivably retain an end of a suction tube.
5. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 4, wherein the pressure indicating means comprises a self-supporting balloon.
6. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 5, wherein the housing means comprises a cylinder and the check valve means are coaxially aligned therewith.
7. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 6, wherein the check valve means comprises a first thin walled cylinder having open ends disposed within the inlet chamber, one end comprising the inlet and the other end being openably sealed with a self-sealing elastomeric plug.
8. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 7, wherein the check valve means includes at least one flap valve comprising at least one aperture in the thin walled cylinder, and a thin resilient sheath overlying the external surface of the cylinder in intimate contact therewith, whereby the at least one aperture is normally closed by the sheath and opened when the interior of the thin walled cylinder is acted upon by fluid pressure, causing the sheath portion to be raised.
9. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 8, wherein the check valve means further comprises a second thin walled cylinder corresponding to the first cylinder, with the second cylinder enclosing the first cylinder in coaxial relation.
10. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 9, wherein the catheter means comprises a flexible plastic tube of small diameter having open ends, one end of the tube comprising the body portion with thick side walls sealing fixed in the closed end of the inlet chamber and communicating the catheter with the interior of the first cylinder.
11. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 10, wherein the cannula means comprises:
a stainless steel hollow needle of small diameter adapted to slidably traverse the flexible tube of the catheter means, the needle having an open sharp end and an open blunt end; and a receiver having a longitudinal body portion defining a chamber with open ends, one end of the chamber being adapted to receive and fixedly secure the blunt end of the needle, the opposite end of the chamber being openably closed with a removable plug, and a port extending radially outwardly of the body portion, the port being in fluid communication with the receiver chamber and having a free end adapted to be attached to the self-supporting balloon.
a stainless steel hollow needle of small diameter adapted to slidably traverse the flexible tube of the catheter means, the needle having an open sharp end and an open blunt end; and a receiver having a longitudinal body portion defining a chamber with open ends, one end of the chamber being adapted to receive and fixedly secure the blunt end of the needle, the opposite end of the chamber being openably closed with a removable plug, and a port extending radially outwardly of the body portion, the port being in fluid communication with the receiver chamber and having a free end adapted to be attached to the self-supporting balloon.
12. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 11, wherein the self-supporting balloon is fabricated from latex of sufficient thickness to prevent collapse at ambient atmospheric pressure and to dimensionally respond to changes in pressure encountered in the cavity.
13. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 12, wherein the closed end of the housing cylinder forms part of the attachment flange and comprises an inwardly facing tiered central portion having an outwardly facing concavity.
14. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 13, wherein the tiered central portion comprises:
an uppermost cylindrical tier adapted to sealingly engage and retain the inlet end of the first thin walled cylinder;
an intermediate cylindrical tier adapted to sealingly engage and retain the inlet end of the second thin walled cylinder;
a lowermost cylindrical tier adapted to sealingly engage and retain the inlet end of the housing cylinder; and a central passage through the central portion in which is sealingly engaged the body portion of the plastic catheter tube.
an uppermost cylindrical tier adapted to sealingly engage and retain the inlet end of the first thin walled cylinder;
an intermediate cylindrical tier adapted to sealingly engage and retain the inlet end of the second thin walled cylinder;
a lowermost cylindrical tier adapted to sealingly engage and retain the inlet end of the housing cylinder; and a central passage through the central portion in which is sealingly engaged the body portion of the plastic catheter tube.
15. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 14, wherein the inlet and discharge chambers of the housing cylinder are separated by a support bar having a central aperture adapted to supportably engage the receiver of the cannula means to provide coaxial alignment of the stainless steel hollow needle and the plastic tube, the hollow needle being retractably insertable through the elastomeric plugs of the first and second thin walled cylinders and the plastic tube.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000614453A CA1336318C (en) | 1989-09-29 | 1989-09-29 | Aspiration catheter and placement system with non-return valve |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000614453A CA1336318C (en) | 1989-09-29 | 1989-09-29 | Aspiration catheter and placement system with non-return valve |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1336318C true CA1336318C (en) | 1995-07-18 |
Family
ID=4140785
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000614453A Expired - Fee Related CA1336318C (en) | 1989-09-29 | 1989-09-29 | Aspiration catheter and placement system with non-return valve |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1336318C (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102553003A (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2012-07-11 | 任小宝 | Quick thoracocentesis drainage bag |
| WO2020113159A1 (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-04 | Quick Tube Medical, Llc | Method and apparatus for treating tension pneumothorax using a rapid deployment chest port |
-
1989
- 1989-09-29 CA CA000614453A patent/CA1336318C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102553003A (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2012-07-11 | 任小宝 | Quick thoracocentesis drainage bag |
| WO2020113159A1 (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-04 | Quick Tube Medical, Llc | Method and apparatus for treating tension pneumothorax using a rapid deployment chest port |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US5554113A (en) | Flow pressure transducer | |
| US6856821B2 (en) | System for combined transcutaneous blood gas monitoring and vacuum assisted wound closure | |
| EP1219311B1 (en) | Canister | |
| EP0301913B1 (en) | Blood aspiration assembly | |
| US5300050A (en) | Drainage device | |
| US5114400A (en) | Blood withdrawal apparatus and method | |
| US5026358A (en) | Drainage device | |
| US5772607A (en) | Body fluid collection apparatus | |
| US3720201A (en) | Disposable body fluid pressure monitor | |
| US6447483B1 (en) | Thoracentesis device with hyper-sensitive detection mechanism | |
| US3939835A (en) | Medical aspiration system vacuum level indicator | |
| US4715849A (en) | Method for easily drawing blood from arm or leg | |
| JPS6056498B2 (en) | Device for passage and control of blood in extracorporeal blood treatment systems | |
| CN101124009A (en) | Medical apparatus and method of use thereof | |
| US4784642A (en) | Meterless drainage device with suction control | |
| US3861394A (en) | Clearing means for a liquid drainage system | |
| CA1336318C (en) | Aspiration catheter and placement system with non-return valve | |
| EP1272239A1 (en) | Thoracentesis device with hyper-sensitive detection mechanism | |
| US6632203B2 (en) | Sampling port for a drainage device | |
| US4209023A (en) | Tissue pressure measuring device | |
| JPH04357958A (en) | Device for compressing tube | |
| JPH11507861A (en) | Clear puncture surgical gloves | |
| JP3471927B2 (en) | Catheter and suction device connected thereto | |
| CN215961732U (en) | Percutaneous renal cyst puncture drainage device | |
| CA1069795A (en) | Gastrointestinal aspirator pump system and method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |