CA1324038C - Method of making a swaged die-formed wire rope and swaged die-formed wire rope produced thereby - Google Patents
Method of making a swaged die-formed wire rope and swaged die-formed wire rope produced therebyInfo
- Publication number
- CA1324038C CA1324038C CA000564217A CA564217A CA1324038C CA 1324038 C CA1324038 C CA 1324038C CA 000564217 A CA000564217 A CA 000564217A CA 564217 A CA564217 A CA 564217A CA 1324038 C CA1324038 C CA 1324038C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- wire rope
- die
- strands
- swaged
- making
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
- D07B1/0673—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core having a rope configuration
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B5/00—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form
- D07B5/007—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form comprising postformed and thereby radially plastically deformed elements
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B7/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, rope- or cable-making machines; Auxiliary apparatus associated with such machines
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B7/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, rope- or cable-making machines; Auxiliary apparatus associated with such machines
- D07B7/02—Machine details; Auxiliary devices
- D07B7/027—Postforming of ropes or strands
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
- D07B2201/1028—Rope or cable structures characterised by the number of strands
- D07B2201/1036—Rope or cable structures characterised by the number of strands nine or more strands respectively forming multiple layers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2015—Strands
- D07B2201/2019—Strands pressed to shape
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B7/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, rope- or cable-making machines; Auxiliary apparatus associated with such machines
- D07B7/02—Machine details; Auxiliary devices
- D07B7/025—Preforming the wires or strands prior to closing
Landscapes
- Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure:
A method of making a wire rope comprises the steps of passing a wire strand through a die so as to die-form the same, closing a full layer of such die-formed strands about a flexible core of greater diameter than the strands to make a wire rope, and swaging the so-formed wire rope.
A method of making a wire rope comprises the steps of passing a wire strand through a die so as to die-form the same, closing a full layer of such die-formed strands about a flexible core of greater diameter than the strands to make a wire rope, and swaging the so-formed wire rope.
Description
132~38 METHOD OP NARING A SWAGED DIE-FOR~ED WIR~ ROP~ AND
SWAGED DIE-FORMED WIRE ROPE PRODU OE D THEREBY
This invention relate~ to a method of making a wire rope which i8 particularly ~uitable in applications where abrasion and general wire rope abuse are prevalent, such as in logging operations, and to a wire rope produced by ~uch method It i~ generally known to u8e swaged wire ropes in logging operations on- ~uch rope is di3closed in Canadian Patent No 951,601 a~igned to Wire Rope Industrie~ Ltd , the same assignee as the present application The swaged wire rope disclosed in the above patent is produced by winding a plurality of wire strands about a ~lexlble core o~ greater diameter than that Or tho ~trand~ and swaging th- 50 ~ormed wir~ rop- con~truction until a smooth xterior ~ur~ace is obtained Swaging t~ increa~e~ resistance to wear but un~ortunately re~ults in ; subatantial derormation o~ th- individual metal wires which mak- up the rope to the extent that the wires, originally of circular cross-section, become polygonal in cro~ Qction This deform~tion and associAted nicking and d~maging o~ the wires, coupled to the ~act that the - wir-~ are mado o~ relatlvely so~t material in order to allow ~u~ficient de~ormation o~ the outer layer during ~waging to mako up a s~ooth rop-, adversaly affect the ten-ilo str-ngth Or th- wire- and re~ult in breaking of -2- 132~38 the wires during use (known as porcupining) In addition, severe swaging lowers flexbility of the rope with the result that, when the rope is unwound from the skidder drums used during logging operations, it does not return 5 to its normal shape but tends to curl (known as pig tailing) It i~ also known to use die-formed wire ropes in operations which are extremely abusive Generally, die forming consists o~ passing the external strands o~ a wire rope through a die before closing the strand~ about a flexible core to make a wire rope Such die forming operation is similar to the one disclosed in U S patent No 3,083,817 assigned to British Ropes Limited although it i8 normally le~s severe The above operation re~ult~
in (1) a considerable incr-a~e in the breaking load Or the wir- rop- which i~ proportionate to the diminution o~ air ~pace and increase in ~teel content of each trand, (2) a longer rope lir- becau~e it increases the rope sur~ace `;
area by about 100%, thu~ providing higher abrasion re~i~tanc- and reducing wear, and (3) an increased l-xbility becaus- it provides a smoother contact area b-tween sach strand and thu~ make~ the rope easier to handle during unreeling and installaton The ~bove features o~ the die-~ormed wire ropes 2~ aro all d--irable ~or logging operations but ~uch rope~
ar- not r-adily u~ablo in logg$ng operntions becau~e they ar- not ~mooth onough to b- u~ed with chokers and other `~A a~sociated devic-~ used in such oporation~
. . .
~3~ 1 ~ 2 ~
Applicant has found that it is possible to provide a wire rope which has all the desirable features of a die-formed wire rope, that is increased strength, longer service life, increased flexibility and, in addition, the smootheness~of a swaged wire rope The method of making the wire rope in accordance with the present invention consists in pa~sing a wir~
strand through a die 80 as to die-form the same, closing a ~ull layer o~ such die-formed strands about a ~lexible core of greater diameter than such strands to make a wire '~ rope, and swaging the so formed wire rope The out~ide diameter of each strand i~ preferably reduced during di--~orming by 5-12% depending on the diameter of the strand The outside diameter o~ the wire rope i- preferably reduced by 6-12% during swaging The wire rope in accordance with the present invention compri~e~ a fl-xible central coro supporting a full layer of ~trand- th- outor diamoter of which hav-been reduced by pa~ing through a dio, and wherein the so formed wire rope is swaged The fl-xible core is formed o~ a plurality of ~tranded high carbon steel wires having a t-n~ils strength of between 240,000 and 300,000 p~i, and the surrounding - strands are formed of high carbon steel wires having a 2~ ten~ile ~trength of between 280,000 and 340,000 psi rh- invention will now bQ disclo~ed, by way of example, wlth r~ference to th- accompanying drawing~, in which .,,~
1 ~ 2 ~
Figure 1 i~ a schematic diagram illustrating how a regular strand is die-~ormed;
Figure 2 i8 a schematic diagram illustrating how a wire rope made of die-formed strands is made and finally swaged Figure 3 i9 a ~chematic diagram illustrating that the swaging operation need not be performed at the ~ame time as the closing operation shown in Figure 2;
Figure 4 i9 an enlarged section view o~ ths wire rope taken along line 4-4 of Figures 2 and 3; and Figure 5 i~ an enlarged section view o~ the wire rope taken along line 5-5 of Figures 2 and 3 Referring to Figure l, there is schematically shown a conYentional tubular strander comprising a long tube 10 which i8 rotatad at a controlled speed A series of ~trander bobbins 12 are mounted in the tube The wires 14 ~rom the bobbin~ are guided along the tube and through re~pective guide~ 16 at the front o~ the tubular strander to a conventional strander die 18 The strander bobblns provide the number o~ wires required by the strand con~truction which are laid around a centre wire 20 during rotation o~ th- strander Such centre wire is fed ~rom th- back o~ the tubular ~trander and i~ gu~ded along the wall o~ th- tub~ and then p~se~ through a central guiding ~a~rl-ad tow~rds th- tranding die Th~ above strander is ~;; conventlonal and will not be di~closed in more d-tail Th- di--~orming operation i- per~ormed by a ~or~1ng di- 2Z ~blch l~ loc~t-d ~h-~d o~ tD- 8tr~DdtDg :
1 ~ 2 1 3 3 ~
die 18. The forming die reduces the diameter of the strand by about 5-12%. The so-produced die-formed strand 24 is then passed a number of turn~ around a capstan 26 and -~ wound onto a take-up bobbin 28. It i8 to be understood that the die-forming operation need not be done at the same time as the stranding operation and that die-forming could be done as a separate operation after stranding.
Figure 2 illustrates schematically how the wire rope is formed and finaly swaged. A core 30 unwound from a core pay-off bobbin 32 is forwarded through a middle guiding tube 34. A plurality of die-formed strands 24 produced by the equipment shown in Figure 1 are unwound from respective strand pay-off bobbins 28 mounted in a closer and forwarded through guides 36 and guide sheaves 38 located in several po~ition~ around tube 34 within which pa~se~ the core. Then, the core 30 a~ well a3 the strands 24 pass through a guide plate 40 and a preforming un~t 44. The ~trand~ are then closed around the core within a die 42 during rotation of the closing machine.
Thereafter, the obtained wire rope passe~ for a number of turns around a capstan 46 and i~ then swaged by~swager 48- '`!
" , _ , _ up to a total reduction in diameter of between 6 and 12%.
Finally, the resulting swaged wire rope i~ wound on a ` take-off reel 50. It is to be under~tood that the swaging - 25 operation need not be performed at the same time a~ the closing opsration, and that the swaging operation could be p-rformed as a ~eparate op-ration after closing. Thus, the wire rope formed in Figure 2 could be wound on a take-.
1 ~,21~3~
up bobbin after passing a number of turns around capstan 6. As shown in Figure 3, the wire rope wound on the take-up bobbin 52 could subsequently be passed through a swager 54 and finally wound on a take-off reel 56.
The wire rope made of die-formed strands i8 shown in Figure 4 and the swaged die-formed wire rope shown in Figure 5. It may be seen that swaging has smoothened the outside diameter of the rope without sub~tantially deforming the lndividual metal wlre~ in~ide the rope.
- 10 This swaging operation i~ le~ ~evere than the regular swaging operation, which is normally in the range o~ 8-16%, because die forming alreadly smoothens the strand~ to - some degree. It ha~ been ~ound that swaging needs only to bo about 50~ of that needed for regular ropes which are not die-formed. Swaging of a die-formed wire rope by about 6-12% will ~herefore result in a smooth wire ropo A~ which i~ ~ree of undesirable nicking and deformation o~
..
the individual ~trand~ within the rope. The swaged die-: formed wire rope ha~ all the de~irable features o~ a die-formed wire rope, that is increased strength, longer servic~ e and increased flexibility, and ln addition the smootheness of a Ewaged wire rope.
Example:
A swaged die-formed wire rope 9/16" x 75' long has ; been installed by a customer on a treefarmer with a raised fairlead roller, co~bined with 8iX jH X 13' type swaged chokers ln a bundlewood application. He wa~ working in a rocky, hilly area pulling larg- poplar and ~pruce. ~he `' _7_ 1~2~3~
customer yielded approximately 600 cords from this rope whereas he was averaging approximately 400 cords from the 5/8" x 100' swaged wire rope he wa~ normally using.
Although the invention has been disclosed with reference to the use of a wire rope having six outer strands, it is to be understood that wires ropes of different sizes having 8 or a higher number of outside strands could be made by the process in accordance with the invention.
., :
:`:
SWAGED DIE-FORMED WIRE ROPE PRODU OE D THEREBY
This invention relate~ to a method of making a wire rope which i8 particularly ~uitable in applications where abrasion and general wire rope abuse are prevalent, such as in logging operations, and to a wire rope produced by ~uch method It i~ generally known to u8e swaged wire ropes in logging operations on- ~uch rope is di3closed in Canadian Patent No 951,601 a~igned to Wire Rope Industrie~ Ltd , the same assignee as the present application The swaged wire rope disclosed in the above patent is produced by winding a plurality of wire strands about a ~lexlble core o~ greater diameter than that Or tho ~trand~ and swaging th- 50 ~ormed wir~ rop- con~truction until a smooth xterior ~ur~ace is obtained Swaging t~ increa~e~ resistance to wear but un~ortunately re~ults in ; subatantial derormation o~ th- individual metal wires which mak- up the rope to the extent that the wires, originally of circular cross-section, become polygonal in cro~ Qction This deform~tion and associAted nicking and d~maging o~ the wires, coupled to the ~act that the - wir-~ are mado o~ relatlvely so~t material in order to allow ~u~ficient de~ormation o~ the outer layer during ~waging to mako up a s~ooth rop-, adversaly affect the ten-ilo str-ngth Or th- wire- and re~ult in breaking of -2- 132~38 the wires during use (known as porcupining) In addition, severe swaging lowers flexbility of the rope with the result that, when the rope is unwound from the skidder drums used during logging operations, it does not return 5 to its normal shape but tends to curl (known as pig tailing) It i~ also known to use die-formed wire ropes in operations which are extremely abusive Generally, die forming consists o~ passing the external strands o~ a wire rope through a die before closing the strand~ about a flexible core to make a wire rope Such die forming operation is similar to the one disclosed in U S patent No 3,083,817 assigned to British Ropes Limited although it i8 normally le~s severe The above operation re~ult~
in (1) a considerable incr-a~e in the breaking load Or the wir- rop- which i~ proportionate to the diminution o~ air ~pace and increase in ~teel content of each trand, (2) a longer rope lir- becau~e it increases the rope sur~ace `;
area by about 100%, thu~ providing higher abrasion re~i~tanc- and reducing wear, and (3) an increased l-xbility becaus- it provides a smoother contact area b-tween sach strand and thu~ make~ the rope easier to handle during unreeling and installaton The ~bove features o~ the die-~ormed wire ropes 2~ aro all d--irable ~or logging operations but ~uch rope~
ar- not r-adily u~ablo in logg$ng operntions becau~e they ar- not ~mooth onough to b- u~ed with chokers and other `~A a~sociated devic-~ used in such oporation~
. . .
~3~ 1 ~ 2 ~
Applicant has found that it is possible to provide a wire rope which has all the desirable features of a die-formed wire rope, that is increased strength, longer service life, increased flexibility and, in addition, the smootheness~of a swaged wire rope The method of making the wire rope in accordance with the present invention consists in pa~sing a wir~
strand through a die 80 as to die-form the same, closing a ~ull layer o~ such die-formed strands about a ~lexible core of greater diameter than such strands to make a wire '~ rope, and swaging the so formed wire rope The out~ide diameter of each strand i~ preferably reduced during di--~orming by 5-12% depending on the diameter of the strand The outside diameter o~ the wire rope i- preferably reduced by 6-12% during swaging The wire rope in accordance with the present invention compri~e~ a fl-xible central coro supporting a full layer of ~trand- th- outor diamoter of which hav-been reduced by pa~ing through a dio, and wherein the so formed wire rope is swaged The fl-xible core is formed o~ a plurality of ~tranded high carbon steel wires having a t-n~ils strength of between 240,000 and 300,000 p~i, and the surrounding - strands are formed of high carbon steel wires having a 2~ ten~ile ~trength of between 280,000 and 340,000 psi rh- invention will now bQ disclo~ed, by way of example, wlth r~ference to th- accompanying drawing~, in which .,,~
1 ~ 2 ~
Figure 1 i~ a schematic diagram illustrating how a regular strand is die-~ormed;
Figure 2 i8 a schematic diagram illustrating how a wire rope made of die-formed strands is made and finally swaged Figure 3 i9 a ~chematic diagram illustrating that the swaging operation need not be performed at the ~ame time as the closing operation shown in Figure 2;
Figure 4 i9 an enlarged section view o~ ths wire rope taken along line 4-4 of Figures 2 and 3; and Figure 5 i~ an enlarged section view o~ the wire rope taken along line 5-5 of Figures 2 and 3 Referring to Figure l, there is schematically shown a conYentional tubular strander comprising a long tube 10 which i8 rotatad at a controlled speed A series of ~trander bobbins 12 are mounted in the tube The wires 14 ~rom the bobbin~ are guided along the tube and through re~pective guide~ 16 at the front o~ the tubular strander to a conventional strander die 18 The strander bobblns provide the number o~ wires required by the strand con~truction which are laid around a centre wire 20 during rotation o~ th- strander Such centre wire is fed ~rom th- back o~ the tubular ~trander and i~ gu~ded along the wall o~ th- tub~ and then p~se~ through a central guiding ~a~rl-ad tow~rds th- tranding die Th~ above strander is ~;; conventlonal and will not be di~closed in more d-tail Th- di--~orming operation i- per~ormed by a ~or~1ng di- 2Z ~blch l~ loc~t-d ~h-~d o~ tD- 8tr~DdtDg :
1 ~ 2 1 3 3 ~
die 18. The forming die reduces the diameter of the strand by about 5-12%. The so-produced die-formed strand 24 is then passed a number of turn~ around a capstan 26 and -~ wound onto a take-up bobbin 28. It i8 to be understood that the die-forming operation need not be done at the same time as the stranding operation and that die-forming could be done as a separate operation after stranding.
Figure 2 illustrates schematically how the wire rope is formed and finaly swaged. A core 30 unwound from a core pay-off bobbin 32 is forwarded through a middle guiding tube 34. A plurality of die-formed strands 24 produced by the equipment shown in Figure 1 are unwound from respective strand pay-off bobbins 28 mounted in a closer and forwarded through guides 36 and guide sheaves 38 located in several po~ition~ around tube 34 within which pa~se~ the core. Then, the core 30 a~ well a3 the strands 24 pass through a guide plate 40 and a preforming un~t 44. The ~trand~ are then closed around the core within a die 42 during rotation of the closing machine.
Thereafter, the obtained wire rope passe~ for a number of turns around a capstan 46 and i~ then swaged by~swager 48- '`!
" , _ , _ up to a total reduction in diameter of between 6 and 12%.
Finally, the resulting swaged wire rope i~ wound on a ` take-off reel 50. It is to be under~tood that the swaging - 25 operation need not be performed at the same time a~ the closing opsration, and that the swaging operation could be p-rformed as a ~eparate op-ration after closing. Thus, the wire rope formed in Figure 2 could be wound on a take-.
1 ~,21~3~
up bobbin after passing a number of turns around capstan 6. As shown in Figure 3, the wire rope wound on the take-up bobbin 52 could subsequently be passed through a swager 54 and finally wound on a take-off reel 56.
The wire rope made of die-formed strands i8 shown in Figure 4 and the swaged die-formed wire rope shown in Figure 5. It may be seen that swaging has smoothened the outside diameter of the rope without sub~tantially deforming the lndividual metal wlre~ in~ide the rope.
- 10 This swaging operation i~ le~ ~evere than the regular swaging operation, which is normally in the range o~ 8-16%, because die forming alreadly smoothens the strand~ to - some degree. It ha~ been ~ound that swaging needs only to bo about 50~ of that needed for regular ropes which are not die-formed. Swaging of a die-formed wire rope by about 6-12% will ~herefore result in a smooth wire ropo A~ which i~ ~ree of undesirable nicking and deformation o~
..
the individual ~trand~ within the rope. The swaged die-: formed wire rope ha~ all the de~irable features o~ a die-formed wire rope, that is increased strength, longer servic~ e and increased flexibility, and ln addition the smootheness of a Ewaged wire rope.
Example:
A swaged die-formed wire rope 9/16" x 75' long has ; been installed by a customer on a treefarmer with a raised fairlead roller, co~bined with 8iX jH X 13' type swaged chokers ln a bundlewood application. He wa~ working in a rocky, hilly area pulling larg- poplar and ~pruce. ~he `' _7_ 1~2~3~
customer yielded approximately 600 cords from this rope whereas he was averaging approximately 400 cords from the 5/8" x 100' swaged wire rope he wa~ normally using.
Although the invention has been disclosed with reference to the use of a wire rope having six outer strands, it is to be understood that wires ropes of different sizes having 8 or a higher number of outside strands could be made by the process in accordance with the invention.
., :
:`:
Claims (6)
1. A method of making a wire rope comprising the steps of passing a wire strand through a die so as to die-form the same, closing a full layer of said die-formed strands about a flexible core of greater diameter than said strands to make a wire rope, and swaging the so formed wire rope.
2. A method of making a wire rope as defined in claim 1 wherein the outside diameter of each strand is reduced during dis-forming by 5-12%.
3. A method of making a wire rope as defined in claim 1 wherein the outside diameter of the wire rope is reduced by 6-12% during the swaging operation.
4. A wire rope comprising a flexible central core supporting a full layer of strands the outer diameter of which has been reduced by passing through a die to form a wire rope, and wherein the so-formed wire rope is swaged.
5. A wire rope as defined in claim 4, wherein the outside strands are made of high carbon steel wires having a tensile strength of between 280,000 and 340,000 psi.
6. A wire rope as defined in claim 4 or 5 wherein said flexible core is formed of a plurality of stranded high carbon steel wires having a tensile strength of between 240,000 and 300,000 psi.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000564217A CA1324038C (en) | 1988-04-14 | 1988-04-14 | Method of making a swaged die-formed wire rope and swaged die-formed wire rope produced thereby |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000564217A CA1324038C (en) | 1988-04-14 | 1988-04-14 | Method of making a swaged die-formed wire rope and swaged die-formed wire rope produced thereby |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1324038C true CA1324038C (en) | 1993-11-09 |
Family
ID=4137843
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000564217A Expired - Fee Related CA1324038C (en) | 1988-04-14 | 1988-04-14 | Method of making a swaged die-formed wire rope and swaged die-formed wire rope produced thereby |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1324038C (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014094736A3 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-08-14 | Casar Drahtseilwerk Saar Gmbh | Wire cable and method and device for production of said wire cable |
-
1988
- 1988-04-14 CA CA000564217A patent/CA1324038C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014094736A3 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-08-14 | Casar Drahtseilwerk Saar Gmbh | Wire cable and method and device for production of said wire cable |
| US10190257B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2019-01-29 | Casar Drahtseilwerk Saar Gmbh | Wire cable and method and device for production of said wire cable |
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