CA1317741C - Reactor and process for producing furnace black - Google Patents
Reactor and process for producing furnace blackInfo
- Publication number
- CA1317741C CA1317741C CA000532669A CA532669A CA1317741C CA 1317741 C CA1317741 C CA 1317741C CA 000532669 A CA000532669 A CA 000532669A CA 532669 A CA532669 A CA 532669A CA 1317741 C CA1317741 C CA 1317741C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- reactor
- channel
- reactor section
- section
- combustion chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/44—Carbon
- C09C1/48—Carbon black
- C09C1/50—Furnace black ; Preparation thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/12—Surface area
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/19—Oil-absorption capacity, e.g. DBP values
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
- Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
- Manufacture, Treatment Of Glass Fibers (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The present invention relates to a tubular furnace having a restriction. In at least the latter's region there is ejectably disposed along the reactor axis an atomizing device for crude furnace black. Ahead of the restriction a combustion chamber for producing the pyrolysis medium for the crude furnace black has been added laterally. The center lines of reactor tube and combustion chamber lie in the same plane and are superposed substantially at right angles. Fur-thermore, a process for producing furnace blacks in which said reactor can be applied is described.
The present invention relates to a tubular furnace having a restriction. In at least the latter's region there is ejectably disposed along the reactor axis an atomizing device for crude furnace black. Ahead of the restriction a combustion chamber for producing the pyrolysis medium for the crude furnace black has been added laterally. The center lines of reactor tube and combustion chamber lie in the same plane and are superposed substantially at right angles. Fur-thermore, a process for producing furnace blacks in which said reactor can be applied is described.
Description
1 31 77~1 The present invention relates to a reactor and pro-cess or producing furnace black.
The major portion o the world production of carbon blacks, particularly of the furnace carbon blacks required as illers of highly stressed rubber articles, is produced b~
means of the furnace carbon black or furnace black process.
Fundamentally, by burning gaseous or liquid fuels (today usu-ally natural gas) in tubular, usually horizontally disposed flow reactors lined with a fireproof material while passing air into it tangentially a hot rotating mass of combustion gases is formed. With the aid of an oil injector projecting into the reactor, in most cases axially, and having a one com-ponent or two-component atomizing nozzle a liquid hydrocarbon of highly aromatic composition, for example, a carbochemical or petrochemical oil, is then in~ected.
At the hlgh temperatures of approximately 1400 to 1800C the charged hydrocarbon is split substantially into carbon (black) and hydrogen. In some conventional processes the combustion waste gases are produced in a separate antecom-bustion chamber disposed ahead of the actual carbon-black forming section. By means of a rotary-piston or turbo blower combustion air, which is mixed in heat exchangers with the reaction mixture leaving the reactor and being preheated to temperatures of up to or exceeding 300 to 600C, is so injected tangentially into the combustion chamber through one or several ducts disposed on combustion chamber periphery (in the latter case symmetrically) that a rotational flow is formed.
~ fuel such as a uel gas is in~ected into this intentionally produced rdtational flow, for example, rom a burner/injector combination like that described in DE-PS 24 10 565, so that a mass o hot rotating gases is formed. Sup-` " 1317741 por-ted by the inside walls of the reactlon tube this mass advances helically towards the reaction zone, where by that time it is substantially burned and is loaded with crude car-bon black atomized to the finest particles.
An important condition for the production of furnace blacks is that the crude furnace black must be rapidly mixed ln with the hot combustion gases. An effective means of bringing about a rapid and intensive mixing lies in that the rotating hot gas mass is allowed to pass a narrow area in the reactor after, during or shortly before atomizing the crude furnace black. This narrow area is a restriction of the inner reactor contour by suitable built-in elements, as for example, a so-called restrictor ring or other built-in elements, which, for example, can have conical, Laval-shaped, vPnturi-shaped or other shaped contours.
The rotational flow of hot combustion gases can also ba produced in another manner. Another possibility lies in that the addition of fuel is carried out from the periphery of an antecombustion chamber, for example, by addition in tangen-tially supplied combustion air.
According to another possibility described in DE-AS
15 92 852 the fuel is passed in the axial direction into one end of a longitudinally cylindrical combustion chamber attached laterally and tangentially to the upstream end of a Venturi reactor, the air is passed tangentially into the same end of the combustion chamber, whereupon the forming hot com-bustion gases are passed tangentionally into the upstream reaction chamber end designed as a cylindrical section.
In yet another possibility of passing in combustion air and fuel a separate con~ustion char~ber is dispensed with and con~ustion air and fuel are mixed in one or several ductswhich open in a substantially tangentional incidence near the front end of the reactor in cir-cular or slot-ted feed duc-ts into the reactor. For the produc-tion oE the alr/fuel gas mixture gas lances are slidably dis posed in the ducts. When using a liquid fuel instead of fuel gas the gas lances are replaced by suitable one-component or two-component atomizers.
However, combustion air and fuel can also be passed in through separate ducts disposed tangentionally at the periphery of the front portion of the carbon-black furnace.
In this case they are mixed and burned only within the rota-tional flow formed in the furnace.
In all these furnace constructions there is alreadyformed in the front portion of the reactor a helically rotat-ing mass of hot combustion products into which the crude ~ur-nace black can be sprayed after a specific length, when required ahead of, or shortly before a narrow point. The pre-mixing of fuel and combustion air before it enters the reactor allows a more compact design of the reactor. The aim of all the furnace-black reactor constructions described hereinbefore thus is the formation of a strong rotation of the gaseous heating medium for the cracking reaction. When using a restriction the rotation is actually influenced but not elimi-nated. The effect of the rotatlon lies in that the small liquid droplets injected into the hot combustion gases on atomizing -the crude furnace black are sheared into still smaller particles by spontaneous change in direction. For the shear forces thus becoming effective direct proportionality to the rotation intensity was assumed.
However, the production of rotating gas masses requires a very substantial expenditure of mechanical energy.
Since under practical conditions a rotating hot gas roll does not rotate quite symmetrically but "wobblesl' sligh-tly and since an absolute rotational symmetry of the in~ected oil rel--ative -to the eye of the vortex cannot be attained either, oil droplets get to the reactor wall, i.e., in lined reactors to the lining, where they are coked; they detach portions of the ~~
lining and, in addition, they also cause a change of the fur~
nace-black oil/hot gas ratio. The iodine number can thus increase, the quality parameters required for the desired fur-nace black can be changed since oil can be drained from the formation of furnace black. For reasons explained above deposited coke grows asymmetrically on parts of the furnace.
In the course of time it damages an existing furnace lining due to chemical and mechanical effects and contaminates the product with detached particles.
Therefore, it was absolutely necessary to find a process by means of which the entire specification spectrum of at least the activated carbonblacks can be produced and in which said disadvantages are scarcely encountered or not at all.
A furnace construction and a process to be carried out therein has now been developed. With regard to the flow conditions in the reactor this process follows ne~7 procedures and the problems described are solved to a large extent.
According to the present invention a reactor for producing furnace black by thermal decomposition of liquid hydrocarbons in hot combustion gases comprises a non- combusta-bily lined tube of circular cross section which is closed at the front end by a front wall and is open at the rear end and capable of being connected to a heat exchange portion, a fur-nace-black separating portion and a collecting portion, said tube having a first section that extends from the front wall to an element symmetrica~ly restricting the cross section of said tube as the second section, a third cylindrical or coni-cally opening section being connected to said second section, said third section having at the restricting elemen-t a diame-ter of a-t least tha-t of said element and lts rear end belng provided with at least one spray nozzle for a liquid quen-chant, said flrst section in the lined tube communicating with a means for supplying and reacting a fuel wlth an oxygen-con-taining gas, and a slidable lance-shaped atomiæer for the crude furnace black in the tube axis being guided through the end wall so as to be gas proof. This reactor ls characterlzed ln that with its open end the combustlon chamber ls so con-nected to the openlng in the flrst section of the reactor tube that lts axls and that of the reactor tube lle substantlally in the same plane and that the two axes preferably aré verti-cally superposed. The atomizer for the crude furnace black is slidable from the front wall to barely past the restrlctlon in the second tube section.
The combustlon chamber preferably has the same cross-sectional area as the reactor tube and is integrated and welded lnto said tube in a recess adapted to its circumfe-rence.
However, the combustion chamber can also be con-nected to the reactor tube via a flange-mounted tubular inter-mediate member which is in turn integrated and welded into an opening of the reactor tube.
The novel reactor thus fundamentally belongs to the furnace types ln which combustion air and fuel gas are already premixed and burned when they get into the reactor, that is to say, furnaces having in the front portion a restriction or narrowing of the inner contour and a crude carbon black atom-izer of the one-component or multi-component principle in the form of a lance that is capable of being advanced from the front wall to, in or shortly behind the restriction. However, the construction according to the present invention differs from these reactors used heretofore in that the mix-ture of combustion air and fuel gas is formed and reacted on a combus-tion chamber attached laterally in the front jacket section.
The center line of this combustion chamber is disposed sub-stantially, but in particular e~actly in the plane of the cen-ter line of the reactor tube.
The prerequisite for the essentlal idea of the pre-sent invention, i.e., to bring the crude furnace black into contact with an irrotational but turbulent hot combustlon gas, is thus attained.
The intersecting center lines of reactor tube and combustion chamber cy:Linder do not have to be exactly super-posed vertically although this arrangement is preferred.
Thus, for example, combus-tion chamber axis and reactor tube axis can make an angle with each other which is slightly smaller or slightly larger than 90. It has been found that the embodiment mentioned last is more favourable than that mentioned first.
Surprisingly not only does the reactor according to the present invention allow an operation that is substantially free from interruptions at the desired conditions but it makes it also possible to obtain carbon blacks having high DsP
values.
- In addition, a substantially increased production capacity can be attained with this reactor due to the increased throughput of air and oil. Finally, the furnace allows the use of intensely preheated air as well as of oxygen or air/oxygen mixtures. The furnace can thus be operated under conditions at which the lining in conventional furnaces would melt. Since a combustion~ chamber placed ahead has been dis-pensed with the structure of the furnace in its longitudinal extension is very compact. Furthermore, the particularly hot first furnace section can be ld3s~ e~lwith a smaller diameter than that of conventional furnaces operating with rotation so that the mass of re~uired high-temperature resistant lining material is reduced in a manner more favourable as to costs.
While in the conventional reactors operating with rotation a zone of stronger turbulence frequently is formed only with the beginning of the oil charge or when passing a narrow point, in the reactor according to the present inven-tion an irrotationally but highly turbulent combustion gas mixture is presented in a special manner to the spray cone of crude furnace black due to the abruptly reversing furnace geometry in the region of combustion chamber and subsequent first furnace section by the burned-out hot combustion gas, which is greatly expanded as compared with the initial volume of the reactants.
These prerequisites are not satisfied in a number of known furnace constructions either in which there prevails in the reactor tube an irrotational axial flow of combustion air and fuel gas or of already formed combustion gas (U.S. Patents 2,851,337 and 2,971,882 and German Patent 1,592,979) or in which the formation of the combustion gas associated with a substantial increase in volume occurs only shortly ahead of a narrow point with ad~acent supply of crude furnace black in combustion air flowing with or without rotation and preheated to conventional temperatures and thus moving with practically constant volume.
The U.S. Patent No. ~,320,090 discloses a furnace black reactor in which the combustion gases are tangentially passed into a chamber ahead of the furnace black formation zone and divided into several flows by means of a perforated disc, referred to as flame supporter, and attached at the downstream chamber end and leaving an axial opening free as well as be~ g provicle~ with several a~itional op~llirl~3s. The p~rfor~t~d clisc ~unctions ~s a ~3a~-permeable divi~ing wall between said chamber and a cy:Lindric~l section of the c~rbon black furnace disposed downstream. The lance-shaped atomlzing device for the crude furnace black extends axially through said chamber and ends in the space around the plane of the gas-permeable dividing wall so that said chamber can be considered a combus-tion or burn-out chamber having tangential supply for the burner mixture and being disposed ahead of the actual reactor.
Since the dividing wall provided with passages has been defined as flame supporter which stabilizes the burner mix-ture, it must be assumed that the space located downstream from the dividing wall also still functions as combustion chamber to some extent.
Therefore, the reactor according to the U.S. Patent No. 4,320,090 does not have the division into three sections according to the present invention, i.e., a first furnace sec-tion connected to a combustion chamber, that the axes of both the first furnace section and the combustion chamber lie sub-stantially in the same plane and preferably are vertically superposed, and a restricting element as the second section and a third furnace section.
According to a preferred, very favourable embodiment of the present invention a gas lance for fuel gas or a lance-shaped atomizer for fuel oil is passed, preferably longitudi-nally slidably, through the front wall of a combustion chamber comprising a cylinder closed on one side and at least one duct for the combustion air, which is aligned substantially at right angles to the cylinder axis, opens into the region of the ~acket of the combustion chamber that can be swept by the mouth of the fuel supply. The ax~s of this duct lies substan-tially in the same plane as the axis of the combustion chambercylinder.
The mass ~lows of fuel and combustion air impinging vertically upon each other mix with high turbulence. From this first turbulence zone the hot combustion gas flows into the reactor and by impinging on the opposing reactor wall and the backpressure thus resulting and by the deflecting effects ln a direction towards the longitudinal axis of the reactor maximal turbulence is produced while avoiding a rotational flow. Against all expectations the inner wall surface of the reactor lining opposing the combustion chamber is not at all detrimentally affected by the manner in which the flow is guided according to the present invention.
The dimensions of the combustion chamber depend sub stantially on the operating capacity of the furnace and thus on the quantities of hot gas required for supplying the fur-nace under the Eeasible operating conditions. The length of the combustion chamber is such that the fuel burns out as com-pletely as possible before reaching the inlet into the reac-tor tube. In the maximum case the combustion chamber outlet to the reactor tube can have the diameter of the first cylindrl-cal reactor tube section but is not restricted to smaller diameters as compared with this preferred case within the scope of the present invention.
The reactor according to the present invention is provided with a restriction in the form of an alement present-ing rotation symmetry and is attached to the inside wall of the reactor or its lining. within the scope of the present invention three particularly suitable embodiments are sultable for the form of this built-in unit. According to a particu-larly suitable embodiment of the reactor of the present inven-tion, the restricting element in the reactor tube is cylindri-cal throughout or tapers conically in the front portion and iscylindrlcal in the rear portion or it tapers conlcally in the front portion and opens conically in the rear portion.
The inclination of the cones is variable within wide limits. A preferred inclination of the ~acket cones on the inlet side is 18, relative to the longitudlnal axis of the reactor and 3.2 on the outlet side, also relative to the lon-gitudinal axis of the reactor.
At the point of the maximal restriction the element usually has a surface parallel to the tube axis. The minimum length of this flat section is so selected that mechanical strength and durability are assured. In general, its length should be so selected that it is not greater than its inside diame-ter.
The inside width of the restriction can be 0.30 to 0.55 times the inside diameter of the first reactor zone.
The beginning of the restriction or of the restrict-lng element ls preferably dJsposed directly downstream of the combustion chamber outlet, but it can also be spaced apart, ~0 for example, corresponding to 1-3 times the combustion chamber diameter as counted from the center line of the combustion chamber.
According to the present invention, the reactor of the present invention has three important zones, namely, 1. the first cylindrical section which is connected to the combustion chamber and be~ins at the front wall of the reactor and ends at the beginning of the restricting element, for example, the starting point of a tapering cone, 2. the restricting element itself which varies in length depending on its geometric design, and 3. the third section, which begins at the polnt where the narrowest part of the restricting element ends, said part hav-- 10 - .
~317741 in~ a circular cross section. This third section constitutes the essential portion of the carbon-black formation zone and at its rear end, i.e., at its downstream end, it carries a device for discontinuing the carbon-black formation reaction by quenching, for example, water spraying nozzles, and subse-quently connecting means for junction with the conventional devices for heat exchange, for separating the furnace black from the process gas and collecting it for further processing.
With regard to the geometric shape and its dlameter the third section can have various designs. It can a) by cylindrical and can have the same diameter as the first section, but it can also have a larger or smaller diameter than that of the first section, b) it can have the shape of an opening cone and, when required, it can also have a cylindrical section ~oined thereto, c) but it can also be provided with further built-in units, baffles, restrictions and the like, such as provided sometimes in conventional furnaces.
However, a cylindrical third reactor section having the same diameter as the third section is preferred.
The atomizer lance for the crude furnace black is slidable in the front reactor section with its outlet between the front wall and a point barely after the restriction or narrow. When defining the beginnin~ of the narrowest spot of the restriction, as seen in the direction of flow, as position zero, then, depending on the type of furnace black to be pro-duced, the outlet of the lance is shifted from this position to -4 rearwards (minus value) and to +1.6 forward (plus value)~ always relative to the diameter of the narrow spot.
Particularly the positions of between -1.5 and +0.5 are favourable, but in many cases the operation is carried out at positions of between -0.5 and 0.
The present invention also relates to a process for producing furnace blacks, using the reactor according to the present invention. In said process hot combustion gases pro-duced in a combustion chamber are fed to a l~yitudinally extended reactor substantially in the plane of its center line and substantially at right angles to this axis. The hot com-bustion gases are then loaded with atomized crude furnace black ahead of, in or barely after a restriction in the inner contour of the reactor.
' The present invention will be explained hereafter with reference to two favourable reactor constructions shown in the accompanying drawings as well as by means of practical examples.
Figure l shows a longitudinal section through a reactor according to the present invention having a combustion chamber and a restricting element tapering conically at its front end and being cylindrical at its rear end;
Figure 2 shows a longitudinal section through a mod-ified reactor, according to the present invention, having a combustion chamber and a restricting element tapering coni-cally at its front end and opening conically at its rear end;
Figure 3 shows a cross section along the line A-A
through the reactor according to Figure l;
Figure 4 shows a longitudinal sectlon through the tip of the gas lance for combustion gas in the combustion chamber according to Figure 3; and Figure 5 shows a cross section through the tip of the gas lance according to Figure 4 along the line B-B.
The furnace-black reactor shown in Figure l com-prises an externally cylindrical portion (~ having a total length of approximately 4.85 m and a combustion chamber t2) la-terally connected thereto and having a length of approxi-ma-tely 2.40 m. The two tube portions have an outside diameter of barely 1 metre.
The reactor portion (1) is lined on the lnside with an external layer (11) consisting of insulating material ~oined inwardly by a highly refractory ceramic layer (12).
This reactor portion consists of three zones (3), ~4) and (5).
on the front side the first zone ~3) carries a cover plate ~6) which is provided in the extension of the reactor axis with a conduit gland ~7) for recelvlng the oil lance ~
The cross-sectional area opposing the front side in the direc-tion of flow changes over directly into the second ~one (4).
The front plate ~6) of the first zone (3) is provided on the inside of the reactor with a high temperature-resistant mate-rial (9) to greatly reduce the radiakion of heat towards the outside so that separate cooling of the cover plate with water can be dispensed with. The ceramic lininy of the first zone laterally contains a recess (10) for passing in the combustion gases produced in the combustion chamber (2). The axis o~ the combustion chamber is superposed vertically on the reactor axis and lies in the same plane therewith, i.e., the combus-tion gases formed in the combustion chamber so enter the reac-tor that no rotation results. The dlameter of the recess cor-responds to the inside diameter of combustion chamber (2) and reaction zone (3) and is 450 mm.
The second zone (4) comprises the restricting ele-ment consisting of an inlet (13) having a length of 725 mm and tapering conically in the direction of flow, a cylindrical portion (14) having a length of approximately 330 mm and a diameter of 203 mm, and a wall having a plane terminal area (15) on the outlet side. It consists of highly fire-proof material and is secured to the insulating layer (11) axially 13177~1 symmetrically to the reactor axis.
Th~ third zone ~5) comprises a tube lined on the lnside with a hlgh temperature-resistant material (12). It contalns several devices (16) for receiving coolant tubes (17) provided with spray nozzles (18). Said devices (16~ have gastight seals. In Figure 4 only 4 of these outlets (16) with the corresponding passayes through the ceramic material are shown. However, depending on the furnace black to be produced and the reaction time thus predetermined several devices (16) of this kind aan b~ dispo~ed at v~ryin~ lntervals ~rom the restriction (1~). The inside diameter of the cylindrical thlrd zone ~5) corresponds to tnat of the first zone (3). The end of the third zone of the reactor which lies ln the direc-tlon of flow is connected in a conventional manner to the apparatuses for the heat exchange, for the separatlon of furnace black and process gas and to the conventional devices for fur-ther processing.
The combustion chamber t2) which has a length of 2400 m comprises an external tube ~acket of the same shape and diameter as the first zone (3) of the reactor. Like said reactor chamber it is lined wi-th a thermal insulatlon layer (11) and a high temperature-resistant layer (12). As seen in the direction of flow it carries a cover plate (19) on the front end. On the outlet slde it openly communicates wlth the interior of the first zone (3) of the reactor in the manner described above. Accordiny to the present invention the axis of the combustion chamber (2) lies in the same plane as the aligning axes of the three reactor zones.
The cover plate (19) of the combustion chamber is connecked to the tubular T-piece (20). This apparatus portion which is lined wikh ceramic material (21) on the inside has a length of 500 m, an inside diameter of approximately 320 mm and carries on its surface a cover plate (22) which ~s in turn provided wi-th a gland (23) located in the axis of the combus-tion chamber and intended for receiving a longitudlnally dis-placeable gas lance (24) or a corresponding tube for passing in fuel oil, said tube being complemented with nozzles. A
shorter pipe piece (25), that is connected to the duct for the combustion air, forms the third leg of the T-piece (20). The axis of this pipe piece, which serves for supplying the com-bustion air, is at right angles to the axis of the combustion chamber and lies in a common plane therewith.
Figure 2 shows an embodiment of the reactor for the production of furnace black according to the present invention which differs fro~ the embodirnent according to Figure 1 only in that the third zone (5) has on the inside a form that opens conically (see position 26). In a well tried embodiment this cone has an inclination such that on a path corresponding to 5.14 times the inside diameter of the first zone the lnside diameter of the first zone is attained again.
Figure 3 illustrates the combustion ~hamber compo-nents described hereinbefore, but primarily the shape of theabove T-piece (26) for supplying the combustion air and that of the device for supplying a gaseous fuel.
Detailed data on a well trled embodiment of the tip of the fuel gas lance (24) are evident from Figure 4 and finally also from Figure 5, which shows the section in the plane B-B of Figure 4. The tube (24) serving for supplying the fuel gas has an outside diameter of approximately 80 mm and is closed by a plate (26~ on the side turned towards the reactor. As closely as possible to this plate there are dis-posed in the tube twelve~radially directed boreholes (27) forthe discharge of the gas. They are approximately uniformly distributed over the pipe circumference, each borehole having a diameter of' 9 mm.
In the Tables hereaf~er varlous set-ups for the pro-duction of active and semi-active furnace blacks have been compiled with the corresponding analytical propertles of the furnace black products thus obtainable, the reactors having the dimensions according to Fi~ures 1 and 2 as described above being used for this purpose.
As the example,s of the following Table show furnace blacks of the most varied qualities and types can be produced with the reactor according to the present invention. This applies particularly to Example Furnace Black Quality Furnace slack Type 4,5 HAF N-375 6, 7 HAF N-339 8,9,10,11 HAF N-32 6 12,13 FEF N-550 As a comparison o~ the Examples 6 and 7 shows both the reactor designed according to Figure 1 and the reactor designed according to Figure 2 under substantially comparable conditions of application also produce correspondingly compa-rable results.
The described favourable characteristic of the reac-tor on using various fuels is evident from the Examples 4 and 5, but to some extent also from the Examples 10 and 11. As can be se,en both fuel gas and and fuel oil can be used as fuel without substantial changes in the conditions of application being required or without substantial change in the quality of the furnace blacks produced, as expressed in the analytical values.
A further advantage of the reactor according to the present invention is evident ~rom Example 1. It can be seen that under the defined operating conditions it is possible to attain very high furnace black structures in terms of DBP
values (according to ASTM D 2414).
~ Iowever, the reactor according to the present inven-tion also allows the operation with combustion air enriched with oxygen and preheated to very high temperatures. Example 2 shows the reactor conditions applled in this case and the corresponding results.
It is frequently emphasized that a stoichiometric ratio of total oxygen to fuel gas or fuel oil, so that on leaving the combustion chamber the combustion gases no longer contain any oxygen, is desirable for economic reasons. When, for example, in the furnace black process substantially more combustion alr is introduced than is stoichiometrically required for the combustion of the fuel, then the excess oxy-gen reacts with the furnace black oil applied for the cleavage and -thus reduces the yield of furnace black. Nevertheless in most cases it is required to apply this oxygen excess as com-pared with the stoichiometrically required amount in order to so dilute the combustion gases that a temperature sufficiently low for protecting the reactor lining is attained. Surpris-ingly it has now been found that, as Example 10 shows, the novel reactor construc-tion allows a troublefree continuous operation under stoichiometric conditions wlthout detrimental phenomena at the reactor.
With the reactor according to the present invention ~ the most varied furnace black types can be produced with stan-dard natural combustion air as well as with air enriched wlth oxygen. In the latter case in the production of active carbon ~ 17 -131774~
black, as is evident from the Examples ~ to 9 and 11, loading the combustion gases with furnace black oil, relatlve to the proportion of combustion air applied, the values attained are so high that in a reactor of conventional construction the impinging of a substantial portion of the applied furnace black oil on the hot reactor wall with the unavoldable forma-tion of coke, which in turn necessarily results in an unac-ceptable reduction in the quality of the furnace black, cannot be avoided or it can be avoided only with insufficient relia-bility. In the reactor according to the present invention theabove-mentioned contact between wall and furnace black oil does not occur under the conditions defined in the Examples cited above so that the enrichment of the combustion air with oxygen with its many advantages can be fully utilized without having to accept disadvantages due to formation of coke and its consequences.
The advantages resulting from the enrichment of the combustion air with oxygen are also obtained particularly in the production of semi-active carbon blacks as Example'13 shows. However, as is evident form the Examples 12 and 14, said advantages are very distinct in the production of semi-active furnace blacks even when operating without the addition of oxygen. In this case the application of the reactor according to the invention allows a very high loading with oil so that a particularly economic production method is obtained.
13177~1 ,_1 co 1` ~r 1~`) 0 L~')O ~D O O O N N 1` Ot) 1-- . O O~ O ~ C~ ~ O I Lr`) O 1-- ~) CJ~
Lr~ ~ I r~ ` ` '~
Z ~LI1~ N -Ir '--I ~ N Ln Ll')O O ~1 ~1 0 t~ O ~ N 1~ ~ ~r t` O ~ ~ ~D O N I ~ ~) O 1~
~i Z ~ ~ N +
~r o L~ Lr~~ ~r ~ ~ o ~
~ ~ .o ~ N ~ ~ Ul co N 1--F~ N ~ ~D CO I ~I LO '3' In I ~ N OD ~ O~
cn I ~ ` ` I +
H Z ~
N CCJ LO O
o o o~o Ln Lr~ o N ~ O 1-- --1 L ) N ~O ~ ~ ~D N N O ~ 1-- ~ Ln ~ ~ tJ~ O O~ ~ Lr~
H Z ~CO r-l N +
., ~1 o Lr~ ~oO O O ~ Ln O Q~
N ~ O L~~D N N ~1~1 U1 ~J r-l L~
rl ~7O a) I ~--I 1~ ~r LO I ~1 ~ 00 N a ~
I rl ~ ~ I + ~n u) z 4 oo ~
r\ N r~ L
C H .C .~:~ h ~rC h ~ m ~ e ~ o X H ~
~1 0 h ~1 m o ~:~ o ~ * 11 11 h o ~ ~ U a) ~
1~ ~ ~ ~ U (:V ~~1 N U ' ~I
~ U ~Q N (~ 3 ~ h ~ + ~1 0 ~1 -1 0 Q t~
~1 au ~1 Ei h ~~I h U ~1 h 0~1 0 ~ lh a) O
rl U ~I tJ~O Q ~:a) U
0 ~ Ei h~ Id ~1 .Y X ~ O~ h O O(I) .~ 1 3 h U O
O U O U ~ U ~1 ~ ~1 L~ ~ L~ OJ ~ N L~
~1 ~1 h ~I h ~ h O N O a) O
~ O 1-~ 0 ~ 0 ~1 ~ ~H ,5 n o o ~) o u ~1 U U u L~ ~: U ~ h U ~ ~ ~ U~ O ~1 ~l rl O -~ h a) C C U Ll ~ Ll ~ ~ IJ h e. ~e. ~ Q ~ ~1 O -1 ~ ''I
11~ h hO e ~ ~h O e. Q O~ O e. u~ ~ O ~ ~
~ ~ ~ u x ~ e. ~ ~ e. o o o ,l e.
~ L~~ 0 ~ ~ U ~ ~ o ~
\ ~
t317741 LD O ~ n o co LD In r-l Lf) r~) CO
O a~ I ~D ~ ~ CO ~) ~- O t~l ~r ~ ~ ~~l-n~ I_ I ~ + ~oo ~ ~C Z ~I~
+
LD O n o ~ ~ n o n ~ LD
O ~ I O N n oo o ~
n ~ ) ~r LD I ~r n ~
~ m z ~
C~
~D O n ~ ~ ~ ~ I`
. O ~ ~ LD o ~~ n n ~ Lr~ ~o o ~ n ~ r ~ LD
a~ o n o r~ o r~ ~ ~ ~ oo 1--~
o ~ n ~ o~D O 11` ~D Ll') + ~ ~
a~ o n ~ ~ n ~ oo o ~ o~ ~ o ~, o CS ~ D O ~ ~ O O 1-- ~D t~ 1 ~, ~ ~ o oo~ ~ ~ ~ n ~
+
LD ~C Z ~
+ ~ ~
LD e ~
S S H S S ~ S I ~ S ~1 0 ) ~, ~ ~~R E E~
e ~ m x~ x ~ e e o X H ~ ~
~I Z E~ U
h rl m o ~ ~ o X * 11 11 h O ~) ~ U O .5::
U ~ XaJ (~5 ~1 X
(~1 ~) ~1 U ~J ~1 ~ N U ~1 (I)U7 1~) (~ U ~ Q N 1 hC ~ 1 0 ~1 ~1 0 R tJ'R ~ O ~ R ~1 1 vl a) r1 f~ h u~ 1 U
11~ ~ ~) O ~ 1 0 O Q
In U -1 U LH ~ O R
O ~
,4 LH ~ L~ LH
X ~ ~ O X ~-I O (U a) .~: LH 3 ~1 U O
u u o ~ u ,L~ 1 O N O a) O
R ~q LH ~ R LH ~ O LH ~: LH O h ~ N LH S -1 O ~ O ~ O tll O~ O C ~ O U ~) n) Q) Q) ~ a) r~ X S 1- U~ o ~ o ~ o U Ul~ h~ ~ ~ h U ~ n ~ ri O -~ h Q, ~ ~~ a) h q) ~ U ~: ~ (D ~ ~1 ~ ~1 ~ ~ h h hO E3 ~ ~ h O ~ R O -- O ~; Q, u~ O u~ ~1 0 Q, 'a x ~ x ~ o o o ,~ ~
H LH(~1 O O LH ~ ~ ~ ~ U Q, Q, O ~a +
~1.(~) 13177~1 r-l ~
o o ~r~ m u~ r~ o ~r o ~ m o o ~) ~ a~, ~ ~ co ~ ~o r~
rl co ~1l ~) I cn m 1--r-l ~7 z 1~ ) In ~
+
O r~ o ~n o ~ o In o ~o o ~ r-l o In o ~ co ~ ~ ~ oo c~ ~ m co n r-~ I~ m r-l ~ z 1 4 r~ L~l 'n rl o o o ~ u~ ~ ~ O d' ~ u-) O N ~I O t~l m a~
m t~ ~ cs~ I r l ~ ~ (r~ I ~ u) m ~ ~ I r~ ~ ~
r ~1:4 z E4 1-- (~) 'n : ~
rl ~1 W Q, ~D O ~ o ~ m m m co o o ~D ro Q, ~ o co In ~D O ~ O ~r ,~ r~ o ~d o co r ~ 0 ~r ~ ~ ~r r~ co ~) ~r ~ 3 ~o ~3 r-l .~ .C H 5~ .C ~ h ~ rC h ~ R e ~ r~
f~e m x e X ~ ~ e O .Y H ~S
rl O
Z
~1 rl ~q O C ~1 0 ~
O ~ a) s .)rl rl vl X O ~ ~ X~) ~ ~) r~ Q) r-l r-l N U rl U~d U ~ Q N (~ 3 r-l (1~ + rl O
-I O Rt~ R ~ ~ ~ ~r~ t~
r~ 1 e h ~ r-l 4 V r~ Ll r~ 1 a) O Q
1 U ~ ~ O ~
O (~ r-l Q 4~1C~ ~I r~
x ~e ox ~ O Q) a).~. ~, 3 ~1 ~) O
U O Ot) ~ rl ~ ~U (IJ ~ ~1 a) r-l ~1 ~a) ~1 ~H ~ ~1~1 ~ e r~ I h ~ ~ rl ~ ~ a) O N O (I) O
.{1~ ~ ~ ~1 ~ o ~, la ~1 o s-, N ~ ~ r~
O ~) O ~ O ~ O rl ~ ~ O S ~ O U
I) a) (l) (d (1) (~1 X ~ ~ m o ~: o (1l 0 U
rl rJ O ~) h C) Q. ~ h ~ r~ ~ h e ~ ~ r~ Q, rl ~ ~ ~ Q~ R ~ rl rl rl r~ h h O e ~ ~ ~ o e Q o o e ~ u~ O U~ r~ O Q, x ~ ~ e a~ x ~ e a) e e o o O ~ ~
~ ~ O ~ ~ U Q, ~ O ~ + I~
~ l V~ ~
t3~77~1 ~ , n ~D
~_ o ~r m ~D ~ ~ . o ~ o ~ s~
~J o Lnp:: z ~, --J 5~ Z h In ~
X Z ~4 O Ln ~ ~1 r~ H æ ~
~ ~1 o a~
~, ~ . ~ n ~D o r~ r~ . o o o n 1~ H Z ~ ~ Z 1:4 ,~ k ~ n ~ ~ o ~ o r~ Z ~4 LD ~ Z ~1 ~ ~ ~ r~ ~)r~
o ~ n n ~ o ~ n ~ ~
r-l r~ r l r~ ~D L~ L~l m ~ n ~r ~ ~
r~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~1 ~ ~ r l ~
aaaaa aanaa r-l O ~ O
,IJ ~ ~
U O U
rl ~ h rl ~1 IV r~
r~ ~r~
11~ ~ ~ O ~ O
rl >~ O H r~ O r~l ~ ~rl O ~ Jrl O S~
~)C.) aJ ~ ~ U (U
RI Q J ~ XQl Q
U U hL4 ~ ~ U U h LH
oo ~ o o h rl r~ h a) ~ ~ r 1 ~
Q Q ~ ~Q h Q Rrd'~Qd m ~ ~ ~ ~ rd rl ~ m r-l U U O ~ ~1 U U (L) J U~ ~ a ~ d C ~ s ~ I r~
rl tl) ~Q e~ S rl a) m ~r ~d h h ~ P~ I h ~ :~o m ~ E~ ~ x ~ ~ o ~ ~
~ LL I LL~rl a rl U ~ 1~ ~ rl a ~rl ~ ~
~/~
Gr~
13177~1 o D O I
~4, ...
~z~
u~ q~ o I r~ u~
~4 10 tJ) q' N ';1~ 00 ~J ~4 Z ~4 u~ . In oo ~4 Z
~D
I t~ N ~ O
,-1 ~ Z 1:4 0~ ~0 ~ O O O
u~ q~
X
h O
:~ a) ~ h ,1 h a) ~
O
O
~ ~ O
X X
~ ~ O O
Q ~ J ~Q
v ~
C ~ I
m ~
x ~ ~ o m ~ n n ~ ~ ~ C
The major portion o the world production of carbon blacks, particularly of the furnace carbon blacks required as illers of highly stressed rubber articles, is produced b~
means of the furnace carbon black or furnace black process.
Fundamentally, by burning gaseous or liquid fuels (today usu-ally natural gas) in tubular, usually horizontally disposed flow reactors lined with a fireproof material while passing air into it tangentially a hot rotating mass of combustion gases is formed. With the aid of an oil injector projecting into the reactor, in most cases axially, and having a one com-ponent or two-component atomizing nozzle a liquid hydrocarbon of highly aromatic composition, for example, a carbochemical or petrochemical oil, is then in~ected.
At the hlgh temperatures of approximately 1400 to 1800C the charged hydrocarbon is split substantially into carbon (black) and hydrogen. In some conventional processes the combustion waste gases are produced in a separate antecom-bustion chamber disposed ahead of the actual carbon-black forming section. By means of a rotary-piston or turbo blower combustion air, which is mixed in heat exchangers with the reaction mixture leaving the reactor and being preheated to temperatures of up to or exceeding 300 to 600C, is so injected tangentially into the combustion chamber through one or several ducts disposed on combustion chamber periphery (in the latter case symmetrically) that a rotational flow is formed.
~ fuel such as a uel gas is in~ected into this intentionally produced rdtational flow, for example, rom a burner/injector combination like that described in DE-PS 24 10 565, so that a mass o hot rotating gases is formed. Sup-` " 1317741 por-ted by the inside walls of the reactlon tube this mass advances helically towards the reaction zone, where by that time it is substantially burned and is loaded with crude car-bon black atomized to the finest particles.
An important condition for the production of furnace blacks is that the crude furnace black must be rapidly mixed ln with the hot combustion gases. An effective means of bringing about a rapid and intensive mixing lies in that the rotating hot gas mass is allowed to pass a narrow area in the reactor after, during or shortly before atomizing the crude furnace black. This narrow area is a restriction of the inner reactor contour by suitable built-in elements, as for example, a so-called restrictor ring or other built-in elements, which, for example, can have conical, Laval-shaped, vPnturi-shaped or other shaped contours.
The rotational flow of hot combustion gases can also ba produced in another manner. Another possibility lies in that the addition of fuel is carried out from the periphery of an antecombustion chamber, for example, by addition in tangen-tially supplied combustion air.
According to another possibility described in DE-AS
15 92 852 the fuel is passed in the axial direction into one end of a longitudinally cylindrical combustion chamber attached laterally and tangentially to the upstream end of a Venturi reactor, the air is passed tangentially into the same end of the combustion chamber, whereupon the forming hot com-bustion gases are passed tangentionally into the upstream reaction chamber end designed as a cylindrical section.
In yet another possibility of passing in combustion air and fuel a separate con~ustion char~ber is dispensed with and con~ustion air and fuel are mixed in one or several ductswhich open in a substantially tangentional incidence near the front end of the reactor in cir-cular or slot-ted feed duc-ts into the reactor. For the produc-tion oE the alr/fuel gas mixture gas lances are slidably dis posed in the ducts. When using a liquid fuel instead of fuel gas the gas lances are replaced by suitable one-component or two-component atomizers.
However, combustion air and fuel can also be passed in through separate ducts disposed tangentionally at the periphery of the front portion of the carbon-black furnace.
In this case they are mixed and burned only within the rota-tional flow formed in the furnace.
In all these furnace constructions there is alreadyformed in the front portion of the reactor a helically rotat-ing mass of hot combustion products into which the crude ~ur-nace black can be sprayed after a specific length, when required ahead of, or shortly before a narrow point. The pre-mixing of fuel and combustion air before it enters the reactor allows a more compact design of the reactor. The aim of all the furnace-black reactor constructions described hereinbefore thus is the formation of a strong rotation of the gaseous heating medium for the cracking reaction. When using a restriction the rotation is actually influenced but not elimi-nated. The effect of the rotatlon lies in that the small liquid droplets injected into the hot combustion gases on atomizing -the crude furnace black are sheared into still smaller particles by spontaneous change in direction. For the shear forces thus becoming effective direct proportionality to the rotation intensity was assumed.
However, the production of rotating gas masses requires a very substantial expenditure of mechanical energy.
Since under practical conditions a rotating hot gas roll does not rotate quite symmetrically but "wobblesl' sligh-tly and since an absolute rotational symmetry of the in~ected oil rel--ative -to the eye of the vortex cannot be attained either, oil droplets get to the reactor wall, i.e., in lined reactors to the lining, where they are coked; they detach portions of the ~~
lining and, in addition, they also cause a change of the fur~
nace-black oil/hot gas ratio. The iodine number can thus increase, the quality parameters required for the desired fur-nace black can be changed since oil can be drained from the formation of furnace black. For reasons explained above deposited coke grows asymmetrically on parts of the furnace.
In the course of time it damages an existing furnace lining due to chemical and mechanical effects and contaminates the product with detached particles.
Therefore, it was absolutely necessary to find a process by means of which the entire specification spectrum of at least the activated carbonblacks can be produced and in which said disadvantages are scarcely encountered or not at all.
A furnace construction and a process to be carried out therein has now been developed. With regard to the flow conditions in the reactor this process follows ne~7 procedures and the problems described are solved to a large extent.
According to the present invention a reactor for producing furnace black by thermal decomposition of liquid hydrocarbons in hot combustion gases comprises a non- combusta-bily lined tube of circular cross section which is closed at the front end by a front wall and is open at the rear end and capable of being connected to a heat exchange portion, a fur-nace-black separating portion and a collecting portion, said tube having a first section that extends from the front wall to an element symmetrica~ly restricting the cross section of said tube as the second section, a third cylindrical or coni-cally opening section being connected to said second section, said third section having at the restricting elemen-t a diame-ter of a-t least tha-t of said element and lts rear end belng provided with at least one spray nozzle for a liquid quen-chant, said flrst section in the lined tube communicating with a means for supplying and reacting a fuel wlth an oxygen-con-taining gas, and a slidable lance-shaped atomiæer for the crude furnace black in the tube axis being guided through the end wall so as to be gas proof. This reactor ls characterlzed ln that with its open end the combustlon chamber ls so con-nected to the openlng in the flrst section of the reactor tube that lts axls and that of the reactor tube lle substantlally in the same plane and that the two axes preferably aré verti-cally superposed. The atomizer for the crude furnace black is slidable from the front wall to barely past the restrlctlon in the second tube section.
The combustlon chamber preferably has the same cross-sectional area as the reactor tube and is integrated and welded lnto said tube in a recess adapted to its circumfe-rence.
However, the combustion chamber can also be con-nected to the reactor tube via a flange-mounted tubular inter-mediate member which is in turn integrated and welded into an opening of the reactor tube.
The novel reactor thus fundamentally belongs to the furnace types ln which combustion air and fuel gas are already premixed and burned when they get into the reactor, that is to say, furnaces having in the front portion a restriction or narrowing of the inner contour and a crude carbon black atom-izer of the one-component or multi-component principle in the form of a lance that is capable of being advanced from the front wall to, in or shortly behind the restriction. However, the construction according to the present invention differs from these reactors used heretofore in that the mix-ture of combustion air and fuel gas is formed and reacted on a combus-tion chamber attached laterally in the front jacket section.
The center line of this combustion chamber is disposed sub-stantially, but in particular e~actly in the plane of the cen-ter line of the reactor tube.
The prerequisite for the essentlal idea of the pre-sent invention, i.e., to bring the crude furnace black into contact with an irrotational but turbulent hot combustlon gas, is thus attained.
The intersecting center lines of reactor tube and combustion chamber cy:Linder do not have to be exactly super-posed vertically although this arrangement is preferred.
Thus, for example, combus-tion chamber axis and reactor tube axis can make an angle with each other which is slightly smaller or slightly larger than 90. It has been found that the embodiment mentioned last is more favourable than that mentioned first.
Surprisingly not only does the reactor according to the present invention allow an operation that is substantially free from interruptions at the desired conditions but it makes it also possible to obtain carbon blacks having high DsP
values.
- In addition, a substantially increased production capacity can be attained with this reactor due to the increased throughput of air and oil. Finally, the furnace allows the use of intensely preheated air as well as of oxygen or air/oxygen mixtures. The furnace can thus be operated under conditions at which the lining in conventional furnaces would melt. Since a combustion~ chamber placed ahead has been dis-pensed with the structure of the furnace in its longitudinal extension is very compact. Furthermore, the particularly hot first furnace section can be ld3s~ e~lwith a smaller diameter than that of conventional furnaces operating with rotation so that the mass of re~uired high-temperature resistant lining material is reduced in a manner more favourable as to costs.
While in the conventional reactors operating with rotation a zone of stronger turbulence frequently is formed only with the beginning of the oil charge or when passing a narrow point, in the reactor according to the present inven-tion an irrotationally but highly turbulent combustion gas mixture is presented in a special manner to the spray cone of crude furnace black due to the abruptly reversing furnace geometry in the region of combustion chamber and subsequent first furnace section by the burned-out hot combustion gas, which is greatly expanded as compared with the initial volume of the reactants.
These prerequisites are not satisfied in a number of known furnace constructions either in which there prevails in the reactor tube an irrotational axial flow of combustion air and fuel gas or of already formed combustion gas (U.S. Patents 2,851,337 and 2,971,882 and German Patent 1,592,979) or in which the formation of the combustion gas associated with a substantial increase in volume occurs only shortly ahead of a narrow point with ad~acent supply of crude furnace black in combustion air flowing with or without rotation and preheated to conventional temperatures and thus moving with practically constant volume.
The U.S. Patent No. ~,320,090 discloses a furnace black reactor in which the combustion gases are tangentially passed into a chamber ahead of the furnace black formation zone and divided into several flows by means of a perforated disc, referred to as flame supporter, and attached at the downstream chamber end and leaving an axial opening free as well as be~ g provicle~ with several a~itional op~llirl~3s. The p~rfor~t~d clisc ~unctions ~s a ~3a~-permeable divi~ing wall between said chamber and a cy:Lindric~l section of the c~rbon black furnace disposed downstream. The lance-shaped atomlzing device for the crude furnace black extends axially through said chamber and ends in the space around the plane of the gas-permeable dividing wall so that said chamber can be considered a combus-tion or burn-out chamber having tangential supply for the burner mixture and being disposed ahead of the actual reactor.
Since the dividing wall provided with passages has been defined as flame supporter which stabilizes the burner mix-ture, it must be assumed that the space located downstream from the dividing wall also still functions as combustion chamber to some extent.
Therefore, the reactor according to the U.S. Patent No. 4,320,090 does not have the division into three sections according to the present invention, i.e., a first furnace sec-tion connected to a combustion chamber, that the axes of both the first furnace section and the combustion chamber lie sub-stantially in the same plane and preferably are vertically superposed, and a restricting element as the second section and a third furnace section.
According to a preferred, very favourable embodiment of the present invention a gas lance for fuel gas or a lance-shaped atomizer for fuel oil is passed, preferably longitudi-nally slidably, through the front wall of a combustion chamber comprising a cylinder closed on one side and at least one duct for the combustion air, which is aligned substantially at right angles to the cylinder axis, opens into the region of the ~acket of the combustion chamber that can be swept by the mouth of the fuel supply. The ax~s of this duct lies substan-tially in the same plane as the axis of the combustion chambercylinder.
The mass ~lows of fuel and combustion air impinging vertically upon each other mix with high turbulence. From this first turbulence zone the hot combustion gas flows into the reactor and by impinging on the opposing reactor wall and the backpressure thus resulting and by the deflecting effects ln a direction towards the longitudinal axis of the reactor maximal turbulence is produced while avoiding a rotational flow. Against all expectations the inner wall surface of the reactor lining opposing the combustion chamber is not at all detrimentally affected by the manner in which the flow is guided according to the present invention.
The dimensions of the combustion chamber depend sub stantially on the operating capacity of the furnace and thus on the quantities of hot gas required for supplying the fur-nace under the Eeasible operating conditions. The length of the combustion chamber is such that the fuel burns out as com-pletely as possible before reaching the inlet into the reac-tor tube. In the maximum case the combustion chamber outlet to the reactor tube can have the diameter of the first cylindrl-cal reactor tube section but is not restricted to smaller diameters as compared with this preferred case within the scope of the present invention.
The reactor according to the present invention is provided with a restriction in the form of an alement present-ing rotation symmetry and is attached to the inside wall of the reactor or its lining. within the scope of the present invention three particularly suitable embodiments are sultable for the form of this built-in unit. According to a particu-larly suitable embodiment of the reactor of the present inven-tion, the restricting element in the reactor tube is cylindri-cal throughout or tapers conically in the front portion and iscylindrlcal in the rear portion or it tapers conlcally in the front portion and opens conically in the rear portion.
The inclination of the cones is variable within wide limits. A preferred inclination of the ~acket cones on the inlet side is 18, relative to the longitudlnal axis of the reactor and 3.2 on the outlet side, also relative to the lon-gitudinal axis of the reactor.
At the point of the maximal restriction the element usually has a surface parallel to the tube axis. The minimum length of this flat section is so selected that mechanical strength and durability are assured. In general, its length should be so selected that it is not greater than its inside diame-ter.
The inside width of the restriction can be 0.30 to 0.55 times the inside diameter of the first reactor zone.
The beginning of the restriction or of the restrict-lng element ls preferably dJsposed directly downstream of the combustion chamber outlet, but it can also be spaced apart, ~0 for example, corresponding to 1-3 times the combustion chamber diameter as counted from the center line of the combustion chamber.
According to the present invention, the reactor of the present invention has three important zones, namely, 1. the first cylindrical section which is connected to the combustion chamber and be~ins at the front wall of the reactor and ends at the beginning of the restricting element, for example, the starting point of a tapering cone, 2. the restricting element itself which varies in length depending on its geometric design, and 3. the third section, which begins at the polnt where the narrowest part of the restricting element ends, said part hav-- 10 - .
~317741 in~ a circular cross section. This third section constitutes the essential portion of the carbon-black formation zone and at its rear end, i.e., at its downstream end, it carries a device for discontinuing the carbon-black formation reaction by quenching, for example, water spraying nozzles, and subse-quently connecting means for junction with the conventional devices for heat exchange, for separating the furnace black from the process gas and collecting it for further processing.
With regard to the geometric shape and its dlameter the third section can have various designs. It can a) by cylindrical and can have the same diameter as the first section, but it can also have a larger or smaller diameter than that of the first section, b) it can have the shape of an opening cone and, when required, it can also have a cylindrical section ~oined thereto, c) but it can also be provided with further built-in units, baffles, restrictions and the like, such as provided sometimes in conventional furnaces.
However, a cylindrical third reactor section having the same diameter as the third section is preferred.
The atomizer lance for the crude furnace black is slidable in the front reactor section with its outlet between the front wall and a point barely after the restriction or narrow. When defining the beginnin~ of the narrowest spot of the restriction, as seen in the direction of flow, as position zero, then, depending on the type of furnace black to be pro-duced, the outlet of the lance is shifted from this position to -4 rearwards (minus value) and to +1.6 forward (plus value)~ always relative to the diameter of the narrow spot.
Particularly the positions of between -1.5 and +0.5 are favourable, but in many cases the operation is carried out at positions of between -0.5 and 0.
The present invention also relates to a process for producing furnace blacks, using the reactor according to the present invention. In said process hot combustion gases pro-duced in a combustion chamber are fed to a l~yitudinally extended reactor substantially in the plane of its center line and substantially at right angles to this axis. The hot com-bustion gases are then loaded with atomized crude furnace black ahead of, in or barely after a restriction in the inner contour of the reactor.
' The present invention will be explained hereafter with reference to two favourable reactor constructions shown in the accompanying drawings as well as by means of practical examples.
Figure l shows a longitudinal section through a reactor according to the present invention having a combustion chamber and a restricting element tapering conically at its front end and being cylindrical at its rear end;
Figure 2 shows a longitudinal section through a mod-ified reactor, according to the present invention, having a combustion chamber and a restricting element tapering coni-cally at its front end and opening conically at its rear end;
Figure 3 shows a cross section along the line A-A
through the reactor according to Figure l;
Figure 4 shows a longitudinal sectlon through the tip of the gas lance for combustion gas in the combustion chamber according to Figure 3; and Figure 5 shows a cross section through the tip of the gas lance according to Figure 4 along the line B-B.
The furnace-black reactor shown in Figure l com-prises an externally cylindrical portion (~ having a total length of approximately 4.85 m and a combustion chamber t2) la-terally connected thereto and having a length of approxi-ma-tely 2.40 m. The two tube portions have an outside diameter of barely 1 metre.
The reactor portion (1) is lined on the lnside with an external layer (11) consisting of insulating material ~oined inwardly by a highly refractory ceramic layer (12).
This reactor portion consists of three zones (3), ~4) and (5).
on the front side the first zone ~3) carries a cover plate ~6) which is provided in the extension of the reactor axis with a conduit gland ~7) for recelvlng the oil lance ~
The cross-sectional area opposing the front side in the direc-tion of flow changes over directly into the second ~one (4).
The front plate ~6) of the first zone (3) is provided on the inside of the reactor with a high temperature-resistant mate-rial (9) to greatly reduce the radiakion of heat towards the outside so that separate cooling of the cover plate with water can be dispensed with. The ceramic lininy of the first zone laterally contains a recess (10) for passing in the combustion gases produced in the combustion chamber (2). The axis o~ the combustion chamber is superposed vertically on the reactor axis and lies in the same plane therewith, i.e., the combus-tion gases formed in the combustion chamber so enter the reac-tor that no rotation results. The dlameter of the recess cor-responds to the inside diameter of combustion chamber (2) and reaction zone (3) and is 450 mm.
The second zone (4) comprises the restricting ele-ment consisting of an inlet (13) having a length of 725 mm and tapering conically in the direction of flow, a cylindrical portion (14) having a length of approximately 330 mm and a diameter of 203 mm, and a wall having a plane terminal area (15) on the outlet side. It consists of highly fire-proof material and is secured to the insulating layer (11) axially 13177~1 symmetrically to the reactor axis.
Th~ third zone ~5) comprises a tube lined on the lnside with a hlgh temperature-resistant material (12). It contalns several devices (16) for receiving coolant tubes (17) provided with spray nozzles (18). Said devices (16~ have gastight seals. In Figure 4 only 4 of these outlets (16) with the corresponding passayes through the ceramic material are shown. However, depending on the furnace black to be produced and the reaction time thus predetermined several devices (16) of this kind aan b~ dispo~ed at v~ryin~ lntervals ~rom the restriction (1~). The inside diameter of the cylindrical thlrd zone ~5) corresponds to tnat of the first zone (3). The end of the third zone of the reactor which lies ln the direc-tlon of flow is connected in a conventional manner to the apparatuses for the heat exchange, for the separatlon of furnace black and process gas and to the conventional devices for fur-ther processing.
The combustion chamber t2) which has a length of 2400 m comprises an external tube ~acket of the same shape and diameter as the first zone (3) of the reactor. Like said reactor chamber it is lined wi-th a thermal insulatlon layer (11) and a high temperature-resistant layer (12). As seen in the direction of flow it carries a cover plate (19) on the front end. On the outlet slde it openly communicates wlth the interior of the first zone (3) of the reactor in the manner described above. Accordiny to the present invention the axis of the combustion chamber (2) lies in the same plane as the aligning axes of the three reactor zones.
The cover plate (19) of the combustion chamber is connecked to the tubular T-piece (20). This apparatus portion which is lined wikh ceramic material (21) on the inside has a length of 500 m, an inside diameter of approximately 320 mm and carries on its surface a cover plate (22) which ~s in turn provided wi-th a gland (23) located in the axis of the combus-tion chamber and intended for receiving a longitudlnally dis-placeable gas lance (24) or a corresponding tube for passing in fuel oil, said tube being complemented with nozzles. A
shorter pipe piece (25), that is connected to the duct for the combustion air, forms the third leg of the T-piece (20). The axis of this pipe piece, which serves for supplying the com-bustion air, is at right angles to the axis of the combustion chamber and lies in a common plane therewith.
Figure 2 shows an embodiment of the reactor for the production of furnace black according to the present invention which differs fro~ the embodirnent according to Figure 1 only in that the third zone (5) has on the inside a form that opens conically (see position 26). In a well tried embodiment this cone has an inclination such that on a path corresponding to 5.14 times the inside diameter of the first zone the lnside diameter of the first zone is attained again.
Figure 3 illustrates the combustion ~hamber compo-nents described hereinbefore, but primarily the shape of theabove T-piece (26) for supplying the combustion air and that of the device for supplying a gaseous fuel.
Detailed data on a well trled embodiment of the tip of the fuel gas lance (24) are evident from Figure 4 and finally also from Figure 5, which shows the section in the plane B-B of Figure 4. The tube (24) serving for supplying the fuel gas has an outside diameter of approximately 80 mm and is closed by a plate (26~ on the side turned towards the reactor. As closely as possible to this plate there are dis-posed in the tube twelve~radially directed boreholes (27) forthe discharge of the gas. They are approximately uniformly distributed over the pipe circumference, each borehole having a diameter of' 9 mm.
In the Tables hereaf~er varlous set-ups for the pro-duction of active and semi-active furnace blacks have been compiled with the corresponding analytical propertles of the furnace black products thus obtainable, the reactors having the dimensions according to Fi~ures 1 and 2 as described above being used for this purpose.
As the example,s of the following Table show furnace blacks of the most varied qualities and types can be produced with the reactor according to the present invention. This applies particularly to Example Furnace Black Quality Furnace slack Type 4,5 HAF N-375 6, 7 HAF N-339 8,9,10,11 HAF N-32 6 12,13 FEF N-550 As a comparison o~ the Examples 6 and 7 shows both the reactor designed according to Figure 1 and the reactor designed according to Figure 2 under substantially comparable conditions of application also produce correspondingly compa-rable results.
The described favourable characteristic of the reac-tor on using various fuels is evident from the Examples 4 and 5, but to some extent also from the Examples 10 and 11. As can be se,en both fuel gas and and fuel oil can be used as fuel without substantial changes in the conditions of application being required or without substantial change in the quality of the furnace blacks produced, as expressed in the analytical values.
A further advantage of the reactor according to the present invention is evident ~rom Example 1. It can be seen that under the defined operating conditions it is possible to attain very high furnace black structures in terms of DBP
values (according to ASTM D 2414).
~ Iowever, the reactor according to the present inven-tion also allows the operation with combustion air enriched with oxygen and preheated to very high temperatures. Example 2 shows the reactor conditions applled in this case and the corresponding results.
It is frequently emphasized that a stoichiometric ratio of total oxygen to fuel gas or fuel oil, so that on leaving the combustion chamber the combustion gases no longer contain any oxygen, is desirable for economic reasons. When, for example, in the furnace black process substantially more combustion alr is introduced than is stoichiometrically required for the combustion of the fuel, then the excess oxy-gen reacts with the furnace black oil applied for the cleavage and -thus reduces the yield of furnace black. Nevertheless in most cases it is required to apply this oxygen excess as com-pared with the stoichiometrically required amount in order to so dilute the combustion gases that a temperature sufficiently low for protecting the reactor lining is attained. Surpris-ingly it has now been found that, as Example 10 shows, the novel reactor construc-tion allows a troublefree continuous operation under stoichiometric conditions wlthout detrimental phenomena at the reactor.
With the reactor according to the present invention ~ the most varied furnace black types can be produced with stan-dard natural combustion air as well as with air enriched wlth oxygen. In the latter case in the production of active carbon ~ 17 -131774~
black, as is evident from the Examples ~ to 9 and 11, loading the combustion gases with furnace black oil, relatlve to the proportion of combustion air applied, the values attained are so high that in a reactor of conventional construction the impinging of a substantial portion of the applied furnace black oil on the hot reactor wall with the unavoldable forma-tion of coke, which in turn necessarily results in an unac-ceptable reduction in the quality of the furnace black, cannot be avoided or it can be avoided only with insufficient relia-bility. In the reactor according to the present invention theabove-mentioned contact between wall and furnace black oil does not occur under the conditions defined in the Examples cited above so that the enrichment of the combustion air with oxygen with its many advantages can be fully utilized without having to accept disadvantages due to formation of coke and its consequences.
The advantages resulting from the enrichment of the combustion air with oxygen are also obtained particularly in the production of semi-active carbon blacks as Example'13 shows. However, as is evident form the Examples 12 and 14, said advantages are very distinct in the production of semi-active furnace blacks even when operating without the addition of oxygen. In this case the application of the reactor according to the invention allows a very high loading with oil so that a particularly economic production method is obtained.
13177~1 ,_1 co 1` ~r 1~`) 0 L~')O ~D O O O N N 1` Ot) 1-- . O O~ O ~ C~ ~ O I Lr`) O 1-- ~) CJ~
Lr~ ~ I r~ ` ` '~
Z ~LI1~ N -Ir '--I ~ N Ln Ll')O O ~1 ~1 0 t~ O ~ N 1~ ~ ~r t` O ~ ~ ~D O N I ~ ~) O 1~
~i Z ~ ~ N +
~r o L~ Lr~~ ~r ~ ~ o ~
~ ~ .o ~ N ~ ~ Ul co N 1--F~ N ~ ~D CO I ~I LO '3' In I ~ N OD ~ O~
cn I ~ ` ` I +
H Z ~
N CCJ LO O
o o o~o Ln Lr~ o N ~ O 1-- --1 L ) N ~O ~ ~ ~D N N O ~ 1-- ~ Ln ~ ~ tJ~ O O~ ~ Lr~
H Z ~CO r-l N +
., ~1 o Lr~ ~oO O O ~ Ln O Q~
N ~ O L~~D N N ~1~1 U1 ~J r-l L~
rl ~7O a) I ~--I 1~ ~r LO I ~1 ~ 00 N a ~
I rl ~ ~ I + ~n u) z 4 oo ~
r\ N r~ L
C H .C .~:~ h ~rC h ~ m ~ e ~ o X H ~
~1 0 h ~1 m o ~:~ o ~ * 11 11 h o ~ ~ U a) ~
1~ ~ ~ ~ U (:V ~~1 N U ' ~I
~ U ~Q N (~ 3 ~ h ~ + ~1 0 ~1 -1 0 Q t~
~1 au ~1 Ei h ~~I h U ~1 h 0~1 0 ~ lh a) O
rl U ~I tJ~O Q ~:a) U
0 ~ Ei h~ Id ~1 .Y X ~ O~ h O O(I) .~ 1 3 h U O
O U O U ~ U ~1 ~ ~1 L~ ~ L~ OJ ~ N L~
~1 ~1 h ~I h ~ h O N O a) O
~ O 1-~ 0 ~ 0 ~1 ~ ~H ,5 n o o ~) o u ~1 U U u L~ ~: U ~ h U ~ ~ ~ U~ O ~1 ~l rl O -~ h a) C C U Ll ~ Ll ~ ~ IJ h e. ~e. ~ Q ~ ~1 O -1 ~ ''I
11~ h hO e ~ ~h O e. Q O~ O e. u~ ~ O ~ ~
~ ~ ~ u x ~ e. ~ ~ e. o o o ,l e.
~ L~~ 0 ~ ~ U ~ ~ o ~
\ ~
t317741 LD O ~ n o co LD In r-l Lf) r~) CO
O a~ I ~D ~ ~ CO ~) ~- O t~l ~r ~ ~ ~~l-n~ I_ I ~ + ~oo ~ ~C Z ~I~
+
LD O n o ~ ~ n o n ~ LD
O ~ I O N n oo o ~
n ~ ) ~r LD I ~r n ~
~ m z ~
C~
~D O n ~ ~ ~ ~ I`
. O ~ ~ LD o ~~ n n ~ Lr~ ~o o ~ n ~ r ~ LD
a~ o n o r~ o r~ ~ ~ ~ oo 1--~
o ~ n ~ o~D O 11` ~D Ll') + ~ ~
a~ o n ~ ~ n ~ oo o ~ o~ ~ o ~, o CS ~ D O ~ ~ O O 1-- ~D t~ 1 ~, ~ ~ o oo~ ~ ~ ~ n ~
+
LD ~C Z ~
+ ~ ~
LD e ~
S S H S S ~ S I ~ S ~1 0 ) ~, ~ ~~R E E~
e ~ m x~ x ~ e e o X H ~ ~
~I Z E~ U
h rl m o ~ ~ o X * 11 11 h O ~) ~ U O .5::
U ~ XaJ (~5 ~1 X
(~1 ~) ~1 U ~J ~1 ~ N U ~1 (I)U7 1~) (~ U ~ Q N 1 hC ~ 1 0 ~1 ~1 0 R tJ'R ~ O ~ R ~1 1 vl a) r1 f~ h u~ 1 U
11~ ~ ~) O ~ 1 0 O Q
In U -1 U LH ~ O R
O ~
,4 LH ~ L~ LH
X ~ ~ O X ~-I O (U a) .~: LH 3 ~1 U O
u u o ~ u ,L~ 1 O N O a) O
R ~q LH ~ R LH ~ O LH ~: LH O h ~ N LH S -1 O ~ O ~ O tll O~ O C ~ O U ~) n) Q) Q) ~ a) r~ X S 1- U~ o ~ o ~ o U Ul~ h~ ~ ~ h U ~ n ~ ri O -~ h Q, ~ ~~ a) h q) ~ U ~: ~ (D ~ ~1 ~ ~1 ~ ~ h h hO E3 ~ ~ h O ~ R O -- O ~; Q, u~ O u~ ~1 0 Q, 'a x ~ x ~ o o o ,~ ~
H LH(~1 O O LH ~ ~ ~ ~ U Q, Q, O ~a +
~1.(~) 13177~1 r-l ~
o o ~r~ m u~ r~ o ~r o ~ m o o ~) ~ a~, ~ ~ co ~ ~o r~
rl co ~1l ~) I cn m 1--r-l ~7 z 1~ ) In ~
+
O r~ o ~n o ~ o In o ~o o ~ r-l o In o ~ co ~ ~ ~ oo c~ ~ m co n r-~ I~ m r-l ~ z 1 4 r~ L~l 'n rl o o o ~ u~ ~ ~ O d' ~ u-) O N ~I O t~l m a~
m t~ ~ cs~ I r l ~ ~ (r~ I ~ u) m ~ ~ I r~ ~ ~
r ~1:4 z E4 1-- (~) 'n : ~
rl ~1 W Q, ~D O ~ o ~ m m m co o o ~D ro Q, ~ o co In ~D O ~ O ~r ,~ r~ o ~d o co r ~ 0 ~r ~ ~ ~r r~ co ~) ~r ~ 3 ~o ~3 r-l .~ .C H 5~ .C ~ h ~ rC h ~ R e ~ r~
f~e m x e X ~ ~ e O .Y H ~S
rl O
Z
~1 rl ~q O C ~1 0 ~
O ~ a) s .)rl rl vl X O ~ ~ X~) ~ ~) r~ Q) r-l r-l N U rl U~d U ~ Q N (~ 3 r-l (1~ + rl O
-I O Rt~ R ~ ~ ~ ~r~ t~
r~ 1 e h ~ r-l 4 V r~ Ll r~ 1 a) O Q
1 U ~ ~ O ~
O (~ r-l Q 4~1C~ ~I r~
x ~e ox ~ O Q) a).~. ~, 3 ~1 ~) O
U O Ot) ~ rl ~ ~U (IJ ~ ~1 a) r-l ~1 ~a) ~1 ~H ~ ~1~1 ~ e r~ I h ~ ~ rl ~ ~ a) O N O (I) O
.{1~ ~ ~ ~1 ~ o ~, la ~1 o s-, N ~ ~ r~
O ~) O ~ O ~ O rl ~ ~ O S ~ O U
I) a) (l) (d (1) (~1 X ~ ~ m o ~: o (1l 0 U
rl rJ O ~) h C) Q. ~ h ~ r~ ~ h e ~ ~ r~ Q, rl ~ ~ ~ Q~ R ~ rl rl rl r~ h h O e ~ ~ ~ o e Q o o e ~ u~ O U~ r~ O Q, x ~ ~ e a~ x ~ e a) e e o o O ~ ~
~ ~ O ~ ~ U Q, ~ O ~ + I~
~ l V~ ~
t3~77~1 ~ , n ~D
~_ o ~r m ~D ~ ~ . o ~ o ~ s~
~J o Lnp:: z ~, --J 5~ Z h In ~
X Z ~4 O Ln ~ ~1 r~ H æ ~
~ ~1 o a~
~, ~ . ~ n ~D o r~ r~ . o o o n 1~ H Z ~ ~ Z 1:4 ,~ k ~ n ~ ~ o ~ o r~ Z ~4 LD ~ Z ~1 ~ ~ ~ r~ ~)r~
o ~ n n ~ o ~ n ~ ~
r-l r~ r l r~ ~D L~ L~l m ~ n ~r ~ ~
r~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~1 ~ ~ r l ~
aaaaa aanaa r-l O ~ O
,IJ ~ ~
U O U
rl ~ h rl ~1 IV r~
r~ ~r~
11~ ~ ~ O ~ O
rl >~ O H r~ O r~l ~ ~rl O ~ Jrl O S~
~)C.) aJ ~ ~ U (U
RI Q J ~ XQl Q
U U hL4 ~ ~ U U h LH
oo ~ o o h rl r~ h a) ~ ~ r 1 ~
Q Q ~ ~Q h Q Rrd'~Qd m ~ ~ ~ ~ rd rl ~ m r-l U U O ~ ~1 U U (L) J U~ ~ a ~ d C ~ s ~ I r~
rl tl) ~Q e~ S rl a) m ~r ~d h h ~ P~ I h ~ :~o m ~ E~ ~ x ~ ~ o ~ ~
~ LL I LL~rl a rl U ~ 1~ ~ rl a ~rl ~ ~
~/~
Gr~
13177~1 o D O I
~4, ...
~z~
u~ q~ o I r~ u~
~4 10 tJ) q' N ';1~ 00 ~J ~4 Z ~4 u~ . In oo ~4 Z
~D
I t~ N ~ O
,-1 ~ Z 1:4 0~ ~0 ~ O O O
u~ q~
X
h O
:~ a) ~ h ,1 h a) ~
O
O
~ ~ O
X X
~ ~ O O
Q ~ J ~Q
v ~
C ~ I
m ~
x ~ ~ o m ~ n n ~ ~ ~ C
Claims (11)
1. A method for making furnace carbon black in an elongated reactor comprising:
generating hot combustion gases in a combustion chamber positioned laterally to a first reactor section of said elongated reactor, with said first reactor section having a longitudinal axis; introducing the hot combustion gas into said first reactor section through an opening in said first reactor section, with the opening having a central axis coincident with that of said combustion chamber, such that said gases are introduced essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of said first reactor section and essentially in the same plane as the longitudinal axis of said first reactor section; sharply deflecting the combustion gases by (a) providing a perpendicular edge in the area of said first reactor section which defines the opening in said first reactor section, (b) directly impacting the combustion gas against a wall portion of said first reactor section opposite the opening in said first reactor section, and (c) creating a pressure drop downstream of said first reactor section by providing a constricting section in said elongated reactor downstream of said first reactor section, such that the combustion gas is placed in a highly turbulent, essentially swirl free state as it travels towards and through said constricting section; feeding carbon black raw material into said elongated reactor so as to place said carbon black raw material into reactive contract with the combustion gas while the combustion gas is in the highly turbulent, essentially swirl free condition; and directing the resultant reacting mixture downstream of said constricting reactor section and breaking off the reaction by quenching the reacting mixture.
generating hot combustion gases in a combustion chamber positioned laterally to a first reactor section of said elongated reactor, with said first reactor section having a longitudinal axis; introducing the hot combustion gas into said first reactor section through an opening in said first reactor section, with the opening having a central axis coincident with that of said combustion chamber, such that said gases are introduced essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of said first reactor section and essentially in the same plane as the longitudinal axis of said first reactor section; sharply deflecting the combustion gases by (a) providing a perpendicular edge in the area of said first reactor section which defines the opening in said first reactor section, (b) directly impacting the combustion gas against a wall portion of said first reactor section opposite the opening in said first reactor section, and (c) creating a pressure drop downstream of said first reactor section by providing a constricting section in said elongated reactor downstream of said first reactor section, such that the combustion gas is placed in a highly turbulent, essentially swirl free state as it travels towards and through said constricting section; feeding carbon black raw material into said elongated reactor so as to place said carbon black raw material into reactive contract with the combustion gas while the combustion gas is in the highly turbulent, essentially swirl free condition; and directing the resultant reacting mixture downstream of said constricting reactor section and breaking off the reaction by quenching the reacting mixture.
2. A reactor for producing furnace carbon black by thermal decomposition of liquid hydrocarbon in hot combustion gases, comprising: an elongated reactor member having a forward end, a rearward end, a longitudinal median axis, and an interior jacket of fire resistant material, said jacket having in sequence from said forward end to said rearward end, a first reactor section, a second constricting reactor section and a third reactor section, said reactor member further including filler means for filling in a portion of said first reactor section, said filler means having a rearward wall and a forward wall with said forward wall being essentially coincident with the forward end of said reactor member; said first reactor section having an inner wall defining a cylindrical channel therein with the channel having a first end coincident with the rearward wall of said filler means, a median channel axis coincident with the longitudinal median axis of said reactor member and a second end, said first reactor section also having an internal surface defining a laterally extending bore with the bore opening into the channel and extending out to and through a peripheral portion of said reactor member, said bore being positioned rearwardly of the rearward wall of said filler means and forwardly of the second end of said channel, and a portion of the inner wall defining the channel rearward of the bore and forward of the second end of the channel being in a transverse relationship with the internal surface defining the bore such that a sharp edge is formed at the intersection of the inner wall and the internal surface; said second constricting reactor section including an inner wall defining a through-hole, the through-hole opening into the channel in said first reactor section and having a central axis coinciding with the median axis of the channel in said first reactor section, a first portion of the through-hole having a cross-sectional area which, in the direction from the forward end towards the rearward end of said reactor member, symmetrically constricts; said third reactor section including an inner wall defining a channel therethrough, the channel opening into the through-hole of said second constricting reactor section and having a cross-sectional area along its entire length equal to or greater than the cross-sectional area of the through-hole at the junction of said second constricting reactor section and said third reactor section; spray nozzle means extending into the channel in said third reactor section for introducing a liquid quenching medium: a movable lancelike spray device for introducing carbon black raw material into said reactor member supported by said reactor member and extending into the forward end of said reactor member along the longitudinal median axis of said reactor member; means defining a combustion chamber having a first open end and an end wall essentially closing the other end, with the open end of said combustion chamber connected to said reactor member such that a median axis of said combustion chamber coincides with a median axis of the bore in said first reactor section, and the median axis of the bore formed in said first reactor section intersects and is essentially perpendicular to the median axis of the channel formed in said first reactor section such that combustion gases passing through said combustion chamber impact on the inner wall defining said cylindrical channel and thus are abruptly deflected in passing from said combustion chamber towards said second constricting reactor section.
3. The reactor according to claim 2, wherein said combustion chamber has a flanged end portion surrounding said first open end and said reactor member has a flanged extension surrounding the bore in said first reactor section and said flanged end portion and said flanged extension are releasably connected to one another.
4. The reactor according to claim 2, further comprising fuel introduction means extending through the end wall of said combustion chamber and movable with respect thereto.
5. The reactor according to claim 2, wherein said combustion chamber is cylindrical in shape and said combustion chamber further includes air conduit means for introducing air into said chamber in a direction which is essentially perpendicular to the median axis of said combustion chamber.
6. The reactor according to claim 2, wherein the first portion of the through hole in said second constricting reactor section is conical in shape.
7. The reactor according to claim 6, wherein the through-hole in said second constricting reactor section is defined as having a second portion which is cylindrical in shape and opens into the first portion at one end and into the channel of said third reactor section at the other end.
8. The reactor according to claim 6, wherein the through-hole in said second constricting reactor section is defined as having a second portion which is conical in shape, increasing in cross-sectional area in the direction from the forward end to the reward end and said second portion having a first end which opens into the first portion and a second end which opens into the channel of said third reactor section.
9. A reactor for producing furnace carbon black by thermal decomposition of liquid hydrocarbons in hot combustion gases, comprising: an elongated reactor member having a forward end, a rearward end, a longitudinal median axis, and an interior jacket of fire resistant material, said jacket having in sequence from said forward end to said rearward end, a first reactor section, a second constricting reactor section and a third reactor section, said reactor member further including filler means for filling in a portion of said first reactor section, said filler means having a rearward wall and a forward wall with said forward wall being essentially coincident with the forward end of said reactor member; said first reactor section having an inner wall defining a cylindrical channel therein with the channel having a first end coincident with the rearward wall of said filler means, a medium channel axis coincident with the longitudinal median axis of said reactor member and a second end, said first reactor section also having an internal surface defining a laterally extending bore with the bore opening into the channel and extending out to and through a peripheral portion of said reactor member, said bore being positioned rearwardly of the rearward wall of said filler means and forwardly of the second end of the channel, and a portion of the inner wall defining the channel rearward of the bore and forward of the second end of the channel being in a transverse relationship with the internal surface defining the bore such that a sharp edge is formed at the intersection of the inner wall and the internal surface; said second constricting reactor section including an inner wall defining a through-hole, the through-hole opening into the channel in said first reactor section and having a central axis coinciding with the median axis of the channel, and a portion of said through-hole having a cross-sectional area which, in the direction from the forward end towards the rearward end of said reaction member, symmetrically constricts; said third reactor section including an inner wall defining a conical channel therethrough, the conical channel opening into the through-hole of said second constricting reactor section and having a cross-sectional area which increases in the direction from the forward end towards the rearward end of said reactor member, the conical channel in said third reactor section and the through-hole in said second constricting reactor section having a cross-sectional area at the junction of said third reactor section and said second constricting reactor section which is essentially equal; spray nozzle means for extending into the channel in said third reactor section for introducing a liquid quenching medium; a movable lancelike spray device for introducing carbon black raw material into said reactor member supported by said reactor member and extending into the forward end of said reactor member along the longitudinal median axis of said reactor member; means defining a combustion chamber having a first open end and an end wall essentially closing the other end, with the open end of said combustion chamber connected to said reactor member such that a median axis of said combustion chamber coincides with a median axis of the bore in said first reactor section, and the median axis of the bore formed in said first reactor section intersects and is essentially perpendicular to the median axis of the channel formed in said first reactor section such that combustion gases passing through said combustion chamber impact on the inner wall defining said cylindrical channel and thus are abruptly deflected in passing from said combustion chamber towards said second constricting reactor section.
10. A reactor according to claim 9, wherein the internal surface defining the lateral bore is circular in cross-section and said combustion chamber includes an internal surface which is circular in cross-section, radially surrounds the median axis of said combustion chamber, and is of a diameter which corresponds to that of the internal surface defining the lateral bore.
11. A reactor for producing furnace carbon black by thermal decomposition of liquid hydrocarbons in hot combustion gases, comprising: an elongated reactor member having a forward end, a rearward end, a longitudinal median axis, and an interior jacket of fire resistant material, said jacket having in sequence from said forward end to said rearward end, a first reactor section, a second constricting reactor section and a third reactor section; said first reactor section having an inner wall defining a cylindrical channel therein with the channel having a first end generally coincident with the forward end of said reactor member, a median channel axis coincident with the longitudinal median axis of said reactor member and a second end, said first reactor section further including an internal surface defining a laterally extending bore with the bore opening into the channel and extending out to and through a peripheral portion of said reactor member, said bore being positioned rearwardly of the forward end of said reactor member and forwardly of the second end of said channel, and a portion of the inner wall defining the channel rearward of the bore and forward of the second end of the channel being in a transverse relationship with the internal surface defining the bore such that a sharp edge is formed at the intersection of the inner wall and the internal surface; said second constricting reactor section including an inner wall defining a through-hole, the through-hole opening into the channel in said first reactor section, a first portion of the through-hole having a cross-sectional area which, in the direction from the forward end towards the rearward end of said reactor member, symmetrically constricts; said third reactor section including an inner wall defining a channel therethrough, the channel opening into the through-hole of said second constricting reactor section; means extending into the channel in said third reactor section for introducing a liquid quenching medium; means for introducing carbon black raw material into said reactor member supported by said reactor member and extending into the forward end of said reactor member along the longitudinal median axis of said reactor member; means defining a combustion chamber having a first open end and an end wall essentially closing the other end, with the open end of said combustion chamber connected to said reactor member such that a median axis of said combustion chamber coincides with a median axis of the lateral bore in said first reactor section, and the median axis of said combustion chamber and the longitudinal median axis of said reactor member lie on a common place and intersect at about a right angle such that combustion gases passing through said combustion chamber impact on the inner wall defining said cylindrical channel and thus are abruptly deflected in passing from said combustion chamber towards said second constricting reactor section.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19863609847 DE3609847A1 (en) | 1986-03-22 | 1986-03-22 | REACTOR AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING FURNACERUSS |
| DEP3609847.7 | 1986-03-22 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1317741C true CA1317741C (en) | 1993-05-18 |
Family
ID=6297118
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000532669A Expired - Fee Related CA1317741C (en) | 1986-03-22 | 1987-03-20 | Reactor and process for producing furnace black |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US4904454A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0239003B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH0778183B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1317741C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3609847A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2032766T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0384080A3 (en) * | 1989-02-02 | 1990-12-27 | Columbian Chemicals Company | Reactor and method for production of carbon black with broad particle size distribution |
| US5879650A (en) * | 1989-04-06 | 1999-03-09 | Cabot Corporation | Tandem quench |
| US5137962A (en) * | 1990-02-06 | 1992-08-11 | Cabot Corporation | Carbon black exhibiting superior treadwear/hysteresis performance |
| DE4427136A1 (en) * | 1994-07-30 | 1996-02-01 | Degussa | Carbon black reactor and method of making furnace black |
| AU2002250671A1 (en) * | 2000-11-27 | 2002-06-03 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Burner and method for the chemical reaction of two gas streams |
| US20040071626A1 (en) | 2002-10-09 | 2004-04-15 | Smith Thomas Dale | Reactor and method to produce a wide range of carbon blacks |
| DE10318527A1 (en) * | 2003-04-24 | 2004-11-18 | Degussa Ag | Process for the production of furnace carbon black |
| JP4188406B1 (en) * | 2007-06-01 | 2008-11-26 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | Pneumatic tire |
| DE102008043606A1 (en) | 2008-11-10 | 2010-05-12 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Energy-efficient plant for the production of carbon black, preferably as an energetic composite with plants for the production of silicon dioxide and / or silicon |
| CA2841563C (en) * | 2011-07-18 | 2016-04-26 | Pneumatic Processing Technologies, Llc | Operational conditions and method for production of high quality activated carbon |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2851337A (en) * | 1951-08-22 | 1958-09-09 | Columbian Carbon | Carbon black process |
| US2924512A (en) * | 1954-06-01 | 1960-02-09 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Carbon black apparatus |
| US2971822A (en) * | 1956-08-02 | 1961-02-14 | Huber Corp J M | Process for producing carbon black |
| US3026185A (en) * | 1957-09-03 | 1962-03-20 | Huber Corp J M | Furnace for carbon black production |
| US3490869A (en) * | 1966-11-17 | 1970-01-20 | Columbian Carbon | Vortex reactor for carbon black manufacture |
| DE2410565C3 (en) * | 1974-03-06 | 1980-06-12 | Deutsche Gold- Und Silber-Scheideanstalt Vormals Roessler, 6000 Frankfurt | Process for producing furnace black and reactor for carrying out the process |
| FR2304029A1 (en) * | 1975-03-11 | 1976-10-08 | Morel Roger | Furnace for carbon black prodn. - by dissociating hydrocarbon from a cracker has chambers at an angle with hydrocarbon injected downstream |
| US4040792A (en) * | 1976-07-06 | 1977-08-09 | Continental Carbon Company | Gas burner for carbon black reactor |
| US4077761A (en) * | 1976-08-04 | 1978-03-07 | Sid Richardson Carbon & Gasoline Co. | Carbon black reactor with axial flow burner |
| US4213939A (en) * | 1977-07-01 | 1980-07-22 | Sid Richardson Carbon & Gasoline Co. | Double venturi carbon black reactor system |
| US4320090A (en) * | 1977-11-21 | 1982-03-16 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Apparatus for producing a high DPG carbon black |
| US4250145A (en) * | 1978-06-08 | 1981-02-10 | Sid Richardson Carbon & Gasoline Co. | Carbon black reactor with improved burner |
| FR2473909A1 (en) * | 1980-01-23 | 1981-07-24 | Ashland Chemical France Sa | Injecting liq. hydrocarbon into furnace for mfg. carbon black - via injector using pressurised gas to form extremely fine dispersion or mist contg. minute particles of hydrocarbon |
| US4536603A (en) * | 1983-12-22 | 1985-08-20 | Rockwell International Corporation | Production of acetylene from coal by contact with a combustion gas |
-
1986
- 1986-03-22 DE DE19863609847 patent/DE3609847A1/en active Granted
-
1987
- 1987-03-18 DE DE8787103996T patent/DE3779684D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-03-18 ES ES198787103996T patent/ES2032766T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-03-18 EP EP87103996A patent/EP0239003B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-03-20 CA CA000532669A patent/CA1317741C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-03-23 JP JP62065907A patent/JPH0778183B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1988
- 1988-08-05 US US07/229,761 patent/US4904454A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1989
- 1989-11-07 US US07/425,959 patent/US4970059A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0778183B2 (en) | 1995-08-23 |
| DE3609847C2 (en) | 1990-09-20 |
| EP0239003A3 (en) | 1989-04-12 |
| US4970059A (en) | 1990-11-13 |
| EP0239003B1 (en) | 1992-06-10 |
| DE3609847A1 (en) | 1987-09-24 |
| DE3779684D1 (en) | 1992-07-16 |
| ES2032766T3 (en) | 1993-03-01 |
| US4904454A (en) | 1990-02-27 |
| EP0239003A2 (en) | 1987-09-30 |
| JPS62265359A (en) | 1987-11-18 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4228131A (en) | Apparatus for the production of carbon black | |
| US4919611A (en) | Fluid fuel combustion process and turbulent-flow burner for implementing same | |
| US4106912A (en) | Carbon black reactor with axial flow burner | |
| US5193995A (en) | Apparatus for premixing-type combustion of liquid fuel | |
| CA1317741C (en) | Reactor and process for producing furnace black | |
| US5299512A (en) | Burner for a rotary kiln | |
| CA2434774A1 (en) | Nox-reduced combustion of concentrated coal streams | |
| US4645129A (en) | Atomizing nozzle and use | |
| US4644878A (en) | Slurry burner for mixture of carbonaceous material and water | |
| US4406610A (en) | Process and burner for the partial combustion of a liquid or gaseous fuel | |
| JPS6115962B2 (en) | ||
| US3761577A (en) | Secondary combustion process and apparatus for the manufacture of carbon black | |
| KR20130094708A (en) | Carbon black reactor | |
| AU617710B2 (en) | Non-cylindrical reactor for carbon black production | |
| US6148745A (en) | Method for the combustion of vanadium-containing fuels | |
| CN86106499A (en) | Produce the method and apparatus of soft carbon | |
| EP0294386A4 (en) | Annular nozzle burner and method of operation. | |
| CA1115200A (en) | Cylindrical burner head | |
| US3990854A (en) | Apparatus for the manufacture of carbon black | |
| US3490870A (en) | Method and apparatus for the production of carbon black | |
| US4664901A (en) | Process for producing carbon black | |
| CA2618411C (en) | Apparatus and method for injection of fluid hydrocarbons into a blast furnace | |
| GB2160218A (en) | Method and plant means for partial combustion and gasification of carbonaceous material | |
| JPH0860024A (en) | Reactor and process for producing oven carbon black | |
| US3887690A (en) | Process for producing carbon black |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |