CA1315100C - Plug for use in a steel converter to minimize tapping off of slag - Google Patents
Plug for use in a steel converter to minimize tapping off of slagInfo
- Publication number
- CA1315100C CA1315100C CA000599207A CA599207A CA1315100C CA 1315100 C CA1315100 C CA 1315100C CA 000599207 A CA000599207 A CA 000599207A CA 599207 A CA599207 A CA 599207A CA 1315100 C CA1315100 C CA 1315100C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- plug
- faces
- tapping
- slag
- steel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/15—Tapping equipment; Equipment for removing or retaining slag
- F27D3/1545—Equipment for removing or retaining slag
- F27D3/159—Equipment for removing or retaining slag for retaining slag during the pouring of the metal or retaining metal during the pouring of the slag
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
- C21C5/46—Details or accessories
- C21C5/4653—Tapholes; Opening or plugging thereof
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
Abstract
PLUG FOR USE IN A STEEL CONVERTER
TO MINIMIZE TAPPING OFF OF SLAG
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A plug of refractory material is used in a steel converter to minimize tapping off of slag. In use it floats at the steel/slag interface and lodges in the taphole to indicate the end of tapping. The plug has a polyhedral shape and is shankless. To improve its ability to roll the plug has a surface which consists of a plurality of generally flat faces lying in respective planes with the planes of every adjacent pair of faces intersecting at angles not less than 90°
and the plane of each face intersecting the plane of at least one adjacent face at an angle greater than 90°.
Preferably the plug has two symmetrical tapering halves.
TO MINIMIZE TAPPING OFF OF SLAG
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A plug of refractory material is used in a steel converter to minimize tapping off of slag. In use it floats at the steel/slag interface and lodges in the taphole to indicate the end of tapping. The plug has a polyhedral shape and is shankless. To improve its ability to roll the plug has a surface which consists of a plurality of generally flat faces lying in respective planes with the planes of every adjacent pair of faces intersecting at angles not less than 90°
and the plane of each face intersecting the plane of at least one adjacent face at an angle greater than 90°.
Preferably the plug has two symmetrical tapering halves.
Description
131S~OO
PLUG FOR USE IN A STEEL CONVERTER TO MINIMIZE TAPPING
OFF OF SLAG
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a plug of refractory material for use in a steel converter to minimize tapping off of slag from the converter, and also to a method of tapping a steel converter using such a plug.
PLUG FOR USE IN A STEEL CONVERTER TO MINIMIZE TAPPING
OFF OF SLAG
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a plug of refractory material for use in a steel converter to minimize tapping off of slag from the converter, and also to a method of tapping a steel converter using such a plug.
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
Counteracting the slag which comes out at the end of tapping the steel from the converter, known as the end slag, is a long-standing problem. Various methods are known for tackling this problem.
The simplest method is to observe the flow of steel and to stop tapping at the first appearance of slag.
Another method is to use a spherical ball which is introduced into the converter before tapping.
The specific gravity of the ball is such that it floats on the steel but not on the slag. When the slag threatens to emerge, the ball closes the opening of the tap hole of the converter. A disadvantage of this method, however, is that this closing frequently occurs so early that much steel still remains behind in the converter. This is undesirable. For this reason, ~", i31~100 plugs are used which are not spherical, but for example take the shape of a cube. This kind of plug does not close the tap hole completely. The remain-ng steel may still run out of the converter, but at a lower velocity. At the point when slag threatens to emerge, tapping off is stopped. The article "Ladle metallurgy and clean steel production", S.C. McPherson, "Steel Times", vol. 214, 1986-5 (May), page 220 etc.
illustrates such spherical and cubic plugs. EP-A-94241 describes a cubic plug for the same purpose.
When the cubic plug is positioned well, its use provides better control because of the reduced tapping velocity at the end of tapping. However, non-spherical plugs of this kind require very accurate positioning in the converter because they do not automatically find the tap hole at the end of tapping.
This is because, in contrast to spherical plugs, their ability to roll is insufficient. As a result the closing of the tap hole is sometimes so poor that the flow of end slag is insufficiently counteracted. With non-spherical plugs, improvement in the probability of achieving a good closing off is sought by providing them with a long shank which is introduced into the tap hole of the converter. This holds the plug at the desired place so that the probability of accurate positioning is equivalent to that of the i3~5~0 spherical plug. However, positioning the plug with a shank is considerably harder than positioning the spherical plug.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the invention is to provide a plug which avoids the defects of the spherical plug and the cubic plugs described above, as well as those of the plugs with a shank. The plug of the invention is of the shankless type and has a polyhedral shape with a plurality of generally flat faces. Each face joins at least one adjacent face at an obtuse angle. In some embodiments at least one end point of each intersecting line of two ad~acent faces lies on an imaginary sphere enveloping the plug. This plug does not close the tap hole completely so that towards the end of tapping the flow of steel is reduced but not completely blocked.
Moreover, this plug has sufficient ability to roll so that it does not need to be provided with a shank for positioning at the tap hole. As a result using the plug in accordance with the invention is as simple as using the known spherical plug.
A preferred shape of the plug is one in which it has symmetrical upper and lower halves meeting at a common plane which has a larger area than any parallel sections of the upper and lower halves. The plug then fits releasably in the mould in which it is cast and 13~51~0 can be removed from it without its shape being lost.
In view of the large number of plugs needed in practice (per converter charge one plug is consumed), this represents an important cost advantage.
In practice a simple embodiment has been found to be a plug of which the common plane between the lower and upper halves has essentially a rectangular e.g. square shape. It is particularly desirable that the plug has a top plane and a base plane which are parallel to the said common plane of the lower and upper halves.
BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Embodiments of the invention will be described by way of non-limitat~ve example with reference to the drawings, in which:-Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of the plug inaccordance with the invention; and Fig. 2 shows a further embodiment of the plug in accordance with the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The plugs shown in Figs. 1 and 2 consist essentially of refractory material of appropriate density to float at the steel slag interface. This may be for example a suitable type of refractory concrete.
Fig. 1 shows an embodiment in which the plug has fourteen flat faces, of which six large faces 5 131~100 intersect each other at 90 and eight small triangular faces 6 form bevels at the corners. There are thus twenty four angles, each angle being the meeting point for three intersecting meeting lines of the faces. For example angle l is formed by the intersecting lines 2,3 and 4. The plug may be lifted or tippe.d into a converter using an eye 7. Each of the faces 6 intersects each of the three adjacent larger faces 5 at an obtuse angle. The shape of the plug enables it to roll easily to lodge in the taphole of the steel converter.
Fig. 2 shows a further lmproved plug with edges bevelled off more. The shape of this plug redices the risk of the angles crumbling away and improves its ability to roll.
In this case the plug is a body of polyhedral shape having a rectangular central plane of symmetry 10 and mutually symmetrical upper and lower halves 8,9 on each side of this central plane. Each half 8,9 has four large planar faces 8a,9a meeting the central plane of symmetry lO and extending away from it at an angle less than 90, specifically 75 and a planar end face 11,12 meeting all the first planar faces 8a,9a and lying parallel to the central plane of symmetry lO. At each meeting point of two of the first planar faces 8a,9a and one of the second planar faces 11,12 there is a small bevel face 13 at an obtuse angle to all three adjoining faces. There are rounded surfaces 14 at meeting zones of each adjacent pair of the first planar faces 8a,9a.
Both the lower half 8 and the upper half 9 have a tapering shape. This has the advantage that the mould or die which is used for making the plug may be re-used. This reduces the production costs of the plug to a significant degree.
To give an example of dimensions, the plugs illustrated are each 205 mm high and have maximum widths of 205 mm.
Counteracting the slag which comes out at the end of tapping the steel from the converter, known as the end slag, is a long-standing problem. Various methods are known for tackling this problem.
The simplest method is to observe the flow of steel and to stop tapping at the first appearance of slag.
Another method is to use a spherical ball which is introduced into the converter before tapping.
The specific gravity of the ball is such that it floats on the steel but not on the slag. When the slag threatens to emerge, the ball closes the opening of the tap hole of the converter. A disadvantage of this method, however, is that this closing frequently occurs so early that much steel still remains behind in the converter. This is undesirable. For this reason, ~", i31~100 plugs are used which are not spherical, but for example take the shape of a cube. This kind of plug does not close the tap hole completely. The remain-ng steel may still run out of the converter, but at a lower velocity. At the point when slag threatens to emerge, tapping off is stopped. The article "Ladle metallurgy and clean steel production", S.C. McPherson, "Steel Times", vol. 214, 1986-5 (May), page 220 etc.
illustrates such spherical and cubic plugs. EP-A-94241 describes a cubic plug for the same purpose.
When the cubic plug is positioned well, its use provides better control because of the reduced tapping velocity at the end of tapping. However, non-spherical plugs of this kind require very accurate positioning in the converter because they do not automatically find the tap hole at the end of tapping.
This is because, in contrast to spherical plugs, their ability to roll is insufficient. As a result the closing of the tap hole is sometimes so poor that the flow of end slag is insufficiently counteracted. With non-spherical plugs, improvement in the probability of achieving a good closing off is sought by providing them with a long shank which is introduced into the tap hole of the converter. This holds the plug at the desired place so that the probability of accurate positioning is equivalent to that of the i3~5~0 spherical plug. However, positioning the plug with a shank is considerably harder than positioning the spherical plug.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the invention is to provide a plug which avoids the defects of the spherical plug and the cubic plugs described above, as well as those of the plugs with a shank. The plug of the invention is of the shankless type and has a polyhedral shape with a plurality of generally flat faces. Each face joins at least one adjacent face at an obtuse angle. In some embodiments at least one end point of each intersecting line of two ad~acent faces lies on an imaginary sphere enveloping the plug. This plug does not close the tap hole completely so that towards the end of tapping the flow of steel is reduced but not completely blocked.
Moreover, this plug has sufficient ability to roll so that it does not need to be provided with a shank for positioning at the tap hole. As a result using the plug in accordance with the invention is as simple as using the known spherical plug.
A preferred shape of the plug is one in which it has symmetrical upper and lower halves meeting at a common plane which has a larger area than any parallel sections of the upper and lower halves. The plug then fits releasably in the mould in which it is cast and 13~51~0 can be removed from it without its shape being lost.
In view of the large number of plugs needed in practice (per converter charge one plug is consumed), this represents an important cost advantage.
In practice a simple embodiment has been found to be a plug of which the common plane between the lower and upper halves has essentially a rectangular e.g. square shape. It is particularly desirable that the plug has a top plane and a base plane which are parallel to the said common plane of the lower and upper halves.
BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Embodiments of the invention will be described by way of non-limitat~ve example with reference to the drawings, in which:-Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of the plug inaccordance with the invention; and Fig. 2 shows a further embodiment of the plug in accordance with the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The plugs shown in Figs. 1 and 2 consist essentially of refractory material of appropriate density to float at the steel slag interface. This may be for example a suitable type of refractory concrete.
Fig. 1 shows an embodiment in which the plug has fourteen flat faces, of which six large faces 5 131~100 intersect each other at 90 and eight small triangular faces 6 form bevels at the corners. There are thus twenty four angles, each angle being the meeting point for three intersecting meeting lines of the faces. For example angle l is formed by the intersecting lines 2,3 and 4. The plug may be lifted or tippe.d into a converter using an eye 7. Each of the faces 6 intersects each of the three adjacent larger faces 5 at an obtuse angle. The shape of the plug enables it to roll easily to lodge in the taphole of the steel converter.
Fig. 2 shows a further lmproved plug with edges bevelled off more. The shape of this plug redices the risk of the angles crumbling away and improves its ability to roll.
In this case the plug is a body of polyhedral shape having a rectangular central plane of symmetry 10 and mutually symmetrical upper and lower halves 8,9 on each side of this central plane. Each half 8,9 has four large planar faces 8a,9a meeting the central plane of symmetry lO and extending away from it at an angle less than 90, specifically 75 and a planar end face 11,12 meeting all the first planar faces 8a,9a and lying parallel to the central plane of symmetry lO. At each meeting point of two of the first planar faces 8a,9a and one of the second planar faces 11,12 there is a small bevel face 13 at an obtuse angle to all three adjoining faces. There are rounded surfaces 14 at meeting zones of each adjacent pair of the first planar faces 8a,9a.
Both the lower half 8 and the upper half 9 have a tapering shape. This has the advantage that the mould or die which is used for making the plug may be re-used. This reduces the production costs of the plug to a significant degree.
To give an example of dimensions, the plugs illustrated are each 205 mm high and have maximum widths of 205 mm.
Claims (9)
1. A plug of refractory material for use in a steel converter to minimize tapping off of slag, the plug being a body of a polyhedral shape and being shankless, said body having a surface consisting of a plurality of generally flat faces lying in respective planes with the planes of every adjacent pair of said faces intersecting each other at angles not less than 90° and the plane of each said face intersecting the plane of at least one adjacent face at an angle greater than 90°.
2. A plug according to claim 1 wherein the planes of every adjacent pair of said faces intersect at angles greater than 90°.
3. A plug according to claim 1 wherein said body has mutually symmetrical upper and lower halves meeting at a common plane which has a larger area than any section of the upper and lower halves parallel to it.
4. A plug according to claim 3 wherein said common plane of the upper and lower halves has substantially a rectangular shape.
5. A plug according to claim 3 wherein said flat faces of the body include a top face and a bottom face both parallel to said common plane.
6. A plug according to claim 3 wherein at least some adjacent pairs of said faces meet at rounded zones of the body surface.
7. A plug of refractory material for use in a steel converter to minimize tapping off of slag, said plug being shankless and being a body of polyhedral shape having a central plane of symmetry and mutually symmetrical upper and lower halves on each side of said central plane, each said half having (a) a plurality of first planar faces each meeting said central plane of symmetry and extending away therefrom at an angle less than 90°, (b) a second planar face meeting all said first planar faces and lying parallel to said central plane of symmetry and (c) a plurality of bevel faces each located at a meeting point of two of said first planar faces and said second planar face.
8. A plug according to claim 7 having rounded surfaces at meeting zones of each adjacent pair of said first planar faces.
9. A method of tapping a steel converter comprising the steps of (i) placing a plug according to claim 1 in the molten bath in the converter, the plug having a density such that it floats at the interface of steel and slag and (ii) tapping the steel from the furnace via a taphole in a manner such that the plug lodges in the tanhole.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL8801231A NL8801231A (en) | 1988-05-11 | 1988-05-11 | STOP FOR A STEEL CONVERTER. |
| NL8801231 | 1988-05-11 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1315100C true CA1315100C (en) | 1993-03-30 |
Family
ID=19852290
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000599207A Expired - Fee Related CA1315100C (en) | 1988-05-11 | 1989-05-10 | Plug for use in a steel converter to minimize tapping off of slag |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0341798B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1315100C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE68900631D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2029113T3 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8801231A (en) |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1218846A (en) * | 1982-05-10 | 1987-03-10 | James G. Bassett, Jr. | Method of minimizing slag carryover |
| DE8317252U1 (en) * | 1983-06-13 | 1983-11-24 | Thyssen Stahl AG, 4100 Duisburg | LOCKING DEVICE FOR HOLDING BACK THE SLAG DURING TAPING FROM A CONVERTER |
-
1988
- 1988-05-11 NL NL8801231A patent/NL8801231A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1989
- 1989-05-09 DE DE8989201175T patent/DE68900631D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-05-09 ES ES89201175T patent/ES2029113T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-05-09 EP EP19890201175 patent/EP0341798B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-05-10 CA CA000599207A patent/CA1315100C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL8801231A (en) | 1989-12-01 |
| EP0341798A1 (en) | 1989-11-15 |
| ES2029113T3 (en) | 1992-07-16 |
| DE68900631D1 (en) | 1992-02-13 |
| EP0341798B1 (en) | 1992-01-02 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |