CA1306959C - Brake shoe rib and a method of making same - Google Patents
Brake shoe rib and a method of making sameInfo
- Publication number
- CA1306959C CA1306959C CA000578423A CA578423A CA1306959C CA 1306959 C CA1306959 C CA 1306959C CA 000578423 A CA000578423 A CA 000578423A CA 578423 A CA578423 A CA 578423A CA 1306959 C CA1306959 C CA 1306959C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- brake shoe
- rib
- forming
- ribs
- strip
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D65/00—Parts or details
- F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
- F16D65/04—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor
- F16D65/08—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor for internally-engaging brakes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D28/00—Shaping by press-cutting; Perforating
- B21D28/02—Punching blanks or articles with or without obtaining scrap; Notching
- B21D28/06—Making more than one part out of the same blank; Scrapless working
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
- B21D53/26—Making other particular articles wheels or the like
- B21D53/34—Making other particular articles wheels or the like brake drums
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Brake shoe ribs are formed in a continuous strip stock utilizing a method to decrease the amount of trim stock. The strip stock is selected to have a width substantially equal to the maximum dimension between the ends of a rib to eliminate trim stock along the edges of the strip. Each rib is formed with a pair of notches in an outer radius and the ends of an adjacent rib extend into the notches to reduce the amount of trim stock between the ribs.
Brake shoe ribs are formed in a continuous strip stock utilizing a method to decrease the amount of trim stock. The strip stock is selected to have a width substantially equal to the maximum dimension between the ends of a rib to eliminate trim stock along the edges of the strip. Each rib is formed with a pair of notches in an outer radius and the ends of an adjacent rib extend into the notches to reduce the amount of trim stock between the ribs.
Description
~L3C~S9 The invention relates generally to a method of forming a plurality of identical brake shoe ribs for vehicles and, in particular, to brake shoe ribs formed to be nested together to reduce the amount of material required in the manufacturing process.
In the prior art, brake shoe ribs were formed from a continuous strip of material which allowed for trim stock around each rib. The trim stock represented both additional material costs to the brake rib manufacturer, and additional processes for the trimming of the excess material from the brake shoe rib. ~ach rib was welded to a brake shoe table to which lining would be attached.
One prior art method for manufacturing a drum brake shoe is by forming a plurality of connected blanks from a strip of material. The plurality of blanks are each bent to form an arcuate outer surface with adjoining sides, and are cut individually from the remaining plurality of blanks. The blanks are trimmed to remove the excess material, and friction lining material is attached.
In another prior art method, a strip of shoe rim steel has holes punched into it, and a lining is molded to it in segments with a flat or curved top. The strip is then bent at locations between the lining segments so as to remain flat and not destroy and the bond between the rim and the lining material. The assembly is trimmed to length, a web or rib is attached and the lining pads ground to a final dimension.
The invention described herein provides a method for forming a plurality of brake shoe ribs which have been designed to use a minimum amount of material in the manufacturing process. In particular, according to tha present invention rib and relief notches are added on the outside radius of the rib to accommodate the nesting of ~L306959 the next stamped rib.
In accordance with the present invention, a strip of continuous flat metal stock is fed into a forming machine. In one embodiment of the method of the invention, the strip of continuous flat metal stock has a width approximately equal to the longest dimension between the ends of individual brake shoes, further diminishing the amount of trim stock. The forming machine is typically a metal press of sufficient size containing a forming die corresponding to the particular design of the brake shoe rib to be formed. The forming of the brake shoe rib involves a metal stamping process whereby the cooperating faces of the forming die are brought together with sufficient force to form the rib from the flat metal stock.
During the process, a first brake shoe rib is formed in the continuous flat metal stock with at least two notches in the ~uter radius of the rib. A second brake shoe rib is formed adjacent the outline of the first brake shoe rib with the ends of the second brake shoe rib extending into the notched out areas of the first brake shoe rib. The flat metal stock is continuously fed through the forming machine in steps so as to form a plurality of brake shoe ribs in which each adjacent rib nests into the notched out areas of the preceding rib.
It is an advantage of the present invention that a brake shoe rib is provided without the excess trim stock material required in current brake shoe rib forming methods. Furthermore, the need for trimming the brake shoe ribs of the excess trim stock, and the associated processes for trimming the trim stock can be eliminated.
The advantages of the present invention result in an estimated ten percent to twenty percent reduction in the material previously required to manufacture brake ribs, .,, ~ . .
and a further economic benefit can be realized as a result of eliminating the associated trimming process.
Fig. 1 is a front elevation schematic view of an apparatus for performing the method of forming brake shoe ribs according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a plan view of a piece of strip stock having brake shoe ribs formed therein according to the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a plan view of a finished brake shoe rib according to the present invention; and Fig. 4 is a plan view of a piece of strip stock having brake shoe ribs formed therein according to the prior art methods.
Referring to the drawings, Fig. 1 shows a coil of strip stock material 10 being unrolled to provide a strip of metal stock 12 which is continuously fed into a forming machine 14. The width of the metal stock 12, which is mild steel such as SA~ 950 and 1035 for example, is approximately equal to the longes` dimensions between ends of individual brake shoes.
The metal stock 12 enters the forming machine 14, which can be a metal stamping press, and is positioned between a pair of cooperating metal forming dies 16. The die members are closed under pressure forming a first brake shoe rib 18, as shown in Fig. 2, in the metal strip 12. The skrip 12 is advanced to a position whereby enough stock is provided to form a second brake shoe rib 20 identical to and adjacent tha first rib 18.
As best shown in Fi~. 2, the second brake shoe rib 20 is formed adjacent an outer periphery 22 of the first brake shoe rib 18. The outer periphery 22 has a pair of notches 24 and 26 formed therein adjacent an upper end 28 and a ]ower end 30 respectively of the rib 18. The i959 upper end 28 and the lower end 30 of the second brake shoe rib 20 extend into the notches 24 and 26 respectively of the first brake shoe rib 18, thereby minimizing the amount of stock material used for forming the ribs. The process continues as the strip 12 is advanced in the direction of an arrow 32 through the forming machine 14 to form a plurality of substantially identical brake shoe ribs.
The minimization of the strip stock material 12 used in the forming of the brake shoe rib in the present invention is also a result of the elimination of trim stock at the top and the bottom of the rib, as well as by the ability to nest the ends of the next stamped rib within the notches 24 and 26 of the preceding rib. The present invention is estimated to save between ten percent and twenty percent of the material previously required to manufacture brake ribs. The width of the strip 12 is equal to the distance between an upper edge surface 34 defining a junction point 36 of the outer periphery 22 and the upper end 28, and a lower edge surface 38 defining a junction point 40 of the outer periphery 22 and the lower end 30 of the ribs. The distance between the points 36 and 40 represents the longest dimension between the ends of the rib. The trim stock is thus an area of metal 42 between the outer radius 22 of the rib 18, and an inner periphery 4~ and the ends 28 and 30 of the rib 20.
A plurality of brake ribs using minimal amounts of the metal stock 12 can be formed by continuously advancing the metal stock 12 in steps in the direction of the arrow 32 within the forming machine 14 so as to allow the ends of each subsequent rib formed to nest within the notches 24 and 26 of the preceding rib formed. The plurality of ribs are exited into a receiving tub 46 as shown in Fig. 1 fox transfer to additional operations used in the formation of a brake shoe assemblyO
~3~69S9 Turning now to Fig. 3, a finished brake shoe rib 18 is shown with the notches 24 and 26 formed along the outer periphery 22 of the rib. The rib 18 is configured so that the depth of the notches 24 and 26 is limited, thereby preventing any adverse effect on the structural strength of the final brake shoe assembly. The rib ends 28 and 30 are designed to be the upper and lower edges respectively of the metal stock material 12 from which the rib 18 is formed in order to eliminate the trim stock previously required to manufacture brake ribs. The rib ends 28 and 30 are further configured with notches 48 and 50 respectively, which locate the brake shoes in their proper positions when installed on a motor vehicle. The rib 18 is also provided with a pair of apertures 52 and 54 which are used to attach return springs (not shown) which are required for the proper functioning of the braking system. The aperture 52 is formed adjacent the notch 2~
and the aperture 54 is formed ad~acent the notch 26. In addition, an aperture 56 can be formed in the rib 18 adjacent the notch 48 for retaining a cam spring (not shown) should one be required.
There is shown in Fig. 4 a portion of a strip of stock material 60 which was utili~ed in a prior art method of forming brake shoe ribs. A plurality of ribs 25 62, 64 and 66 are formed in the strip 60 by stamping leaving substantial trim stock as an area of metal 68 between each adjacent pair of ribs as well as an upper edge area 70 and a lower edge area 72 adjacent the edges of the strip 60. The present invention provides a method 30 and a brake shoe rib configuration for reducing the amount of trim material in the areas 68 and for eliminating the trim material in the areas 70 and 72.
In accordance with the provisions of the patent statues, the principle and mode of operation of the 35 present invention have been described in what is 13069~;9 considered to represent the preferred embodiment.
However, it should be understood that the invention may be practised other than as specifically illustrated and described without parting from its spirit or scope.
In the prior art, brake shoe ribs were formed from a continuous strip of material which allowed for trim stock around each rib. The trim stock represented both additional material costs to the brake rib manufacturer, and additional processes for the trimming of the excess material from the brake shoe rib. ~ach rib was welded to a brake shoe table to which lining would be attached.
One prior art method for manufacturing a drum brake shoe is by forming a plurality of connected blanks from a strip of material. The plurality of blanks are each bent to form an arcuate outer surface with adjoining sides, and are cut individually from the remaining plurality of blanks. The blanks are trimmed to remove the excess material, and friction lining material is attached.
In another prior art method, a strip of shoe rim steel has holes punched into it, and a lining is molded to it in segments with a flat or curved top. The strip is then bent at locations between the lining segments so as to remain flat and not destroy and the bond between the rim and the lining material. The assembly is trimmed to length, a web or rib is attached and the lining pads ground to a final dimension.
The invention described herein provides a method for forming a plurality of brake shoe ribs which have been designed to use a minimum amount of material in the manufacturing process. In particular, according to tha present invention rib and relief notches are added on the outside radius of the rib to accommodate the nesting of ~L306959 the next stamped rib.
In accordance with the present invention, a strip of continuous flat metal stock is fed into a forming machine. In one embodiment of the method of the invention, the strip of continuous flat metal stock has a width approximately equal to the longest dimension between the ends of individual brake shoes, further diminishing the amount of trim stock. The forming machine is typically a metal press of sufficient size containing a forming die corresponding to the particular design of the brake shoe rib to be formed. The forming of the brake shoe rib involves a metal stamping process whereby the cooperating faces of the forming die are brought together with sufficient force to form the rib from the flat metal stock.
During the process, a first brake shoe rib is formed in the continuous flat metal stock with at least two notches in the ~uter radius of the rib. A second brake shoe rib is formed adjacent the outline of the first brake shoe rib with the ends of the second brake shoe rib extending into the notched out areas of the first brake shoe rib. The flat metal stock is continuously fed through the forming machine in steps so as to form a plurality of brake shoe ribs in which each adjacent rib nests into the notched out areas of the preceding rib.
It is an advantage of the present invention that a brake shoe rib is provided without the excess trim stock material required in current brake shoe rib forming methods. Furthermore, the need for trimming the brake shoe ribs of the excess trim stock, and the associated processes for trimming the trim stock can be eliminated.
The advantages of the present invention result in an estimated ten percent to twenty percent reduction in the material previously required to manufacture brake ribs, .,, ~ . .
and a further economic benefit can be realized as a result of eliminating the associated trimming process.
Fig. 1 is a front elevation schematic view of an apparatus for performing the method of forming brake shoe ribs according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a plan view of a piece of strip stock having brake shoe ribs formed therein according to the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a plan view of a finished brake shoe rib according to the present invention; and Fig. 4 is a plan view of a piece of strip stock having brake shoe ribs formed therein according to the prior art methods.
Referring to the drawings, Fig. 1 shows a coil of strip stock material 10 being unrolled to provide a strip of metal stock 12 which is continuously fed into a forming machine 14. The width of the metal stock 12, which is mild steel such as SA~ 950 and 1035 for example, is approximately equal to the longes` dimensions between ends of individual brake shoes.
The metal stock 12 enters the forming machine 14, which can be a metal stamping press, and is positioned between a pair of cooperating metal forming dies 16. The die members are closed under pressure forming a first brake shoe rib 18, as shown in Fig. 2, in the metal strip 12. The skrip 12 is advanced to a position whereby enough stock is provided to form a second brake shoe rib 20 identical to and adjacent tha first rib 18.
As best shown in Fi~. 2, the second brake shoe rib 20 is formed adjacent an outer periphery 22 of the first brake shoe rib 18. The outer periphery 22 has a pair of notches 24 and 26 formed therein adjacent an upper end 28 and a ]ower end 30 respectively of the rib 18. The i959 upper end 28 and the lower end 30 of the second brake shoe rib 20 extend into the notches 24 and 26 respectively of the first brake shoe rib 18, thereby minimizing the amount of stock material used for forming the ribs. The process continues as the strip 12 is advanced in the direction of an arrow 32 through the forming machine 14 to form a plurality of substantially identical brake shoe ribs.
The minimization of the strip stock material 12 used in the forming of the brake shoe rib in the present invention is also a result of the elimination of trim stock at the top and the bottom of the rib, as well as by the ability to nest the ends of the next stamped rib within the notches 24 and 26 of the preceding rib. The present invention is estimated to save between ten percent and twenty percent of the material previously required to manufacture brake ribs. The width of the strip 12 is equal to the distance between an upper edge surface 34 defining a junction point 36 of the outer periphery 22 and the upper end 28, and a lower edge surface 38 defining a junction point 40 of the outer periphery 22 and the lower end 30 of the ribs. The distance between the points 36 and 40 represents the longest dimension between the ends of the rib. The trim stock is thus an area of metal 42 between the outer radius 22 of the rib 18, and an inner periphery 4~ and the ends 28 and 30 of the rib 20.
A plurality of brake ribs using minimal amounts of the metal stock 12 can be formed by continuously advancing the metal stock 12 in steps in the direction of the arrow 32 within the forming machine 14 so as to allow the ends of each subsequent rib formed to nest within the notches 24 and 26 of the preceding rib formed. The plurality of ribs are exited into a receiving tub 46 as shown in Fig. 1 fox transfer to additional operations used in the formation of a brake shoe assemblyO
~3~69S9 Turning now to Fig. 3, a finished brake shoe rib 18 is shown with the notches 24 and 26 formed along the outer periphery 22 of the rib. The rib 18 is configured so that the depth of the notches 24 and 26 is limited, thereby preventing any adverse effect on the structural strength of the final brake shoe assembly. The rib ends 28 and 30 are designed to be the upper and lower edges respectively of the metal stock material 12 from which the rib 18 is formed in order to eliminate the trim stock previously required to manufacture brake ribs. The rib ends 28 and 30 are further configured with notches 48 and 50 respectively, which locate the brake shoes in their proper positions when installed on a motor vehicle. The rib 18 is also provided with a pair of apertures 52 and 54 which are used to attach return springs (not shown) which are required for the proper functioning of the braking system. The aperture 52 is formed adjacent the notch 2~
and the aperture 54 is formed ad~acent the notch 26. In addition, an aperture 56 can be formed in the rib 18 adjacent the notch 48 for retaining a cam spring (not shown) should one be required.
There is shown in Fig. 4 a portion of a strip of stock material 60 which was utili~ed in a prior art method of forming brake shoe ribs. A plurality of ribs 25 62, 64 and 66 are formed in the strip 60 by stamping leaving substantial trim stock as an area of metal 68 between each adjacent pair of ribs as well as an upper edge area 70 and a lower edge area 72 adjacent the edges of the strip 60. The present invention provides a method 30 and a brake shoe rib configuration for reducing the amount of trim material in the areas 68 and for eliminating the trim material in the areas 70 and 72.
In accordance with the provisions of the patent statues, the principle and mode of operation of the 35 present invention have been described in what is 13069~;9 considered to represent the preferred embodiment.
However, it should be understood that the invention may be practised other than as specifically illustrated and described without parting from its spirit or scope.
Claims (11)
1. A method of forming a plurality of brake shoe ribs comprising the steps:
a. providing a strip of continuous metal stock;
b. feeding said strip stock into a forming machine;
c. forming a first brake shoe rib in said strip stock with at least two notches at predetermined positions in an outer radius of said rib; and d. forming a second brake shoe rib adjacent the outline of said first brake shoe rib with opposite ends of one of said brake shoe ribs extending into respective notches of the other brake shoe rib.
a. providing a strip of continuous metal stock;
b. feeding said strip stock into a forming machine;
c. forming a first brake shoe rib in said strip stock with at least two notches at predetermined positions in an outer radius of said rib; and d. forming a second brake shoe rib adjacent the outline of said first brake shoe rib with opposite ends of one of said brake shoe ribs extending into respective notches of the other brake shoe rib.
2. The method for forming a plurality of brake shoe ribs according to claim 1, wherein said strip of continuous metal stock has a width approximately equal to the longest dimension between ends of individual brake shoe ribs.
3. The method for forming a plurality of brake shoe ribs according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein said metal stock is mild steel.
4. The method for forming a plurality of brake shoe ribs according to claim 1 wherein said forming machine is a stamping press.
5. The method for forming a plurality of brake shoe ribs according to claim 4, wherein said stamping press contains cooperating die members for forming said ribs.
6. A method of forming a plurality of brake shoe ribs comprising the steps:
a. providing a strip of continuous metal stock;
b. forming a first brake shoe rib in said strip having a pair of notches at predetermined positions along an outer radius of said first rib;
c. forming a second brake shoe rib in said strip nested with said first rib and having a pair of notches at said predetermined positions along an outer periphery of said second rib, opposite ends of one of said ribs extending into respective notches of said other rib; and d. repeating step c. to form a plurality of brake shoe ribs with adjacent ones of said ribs nested together.
a. providing a strip of continuous metal stock;
b. forming a first brake shoe rib in said strip having a pair of notches at predetermined positions along an outer radius of said first rib;
c. forming a second brake shoe rib in said strip nested with said first rib and having a pair of notches at said predetermined positions along an outer periphery of said second rib, opposite ends of one of said ribs extending into respective notches of said other rib; and d. repeating step c. to form a plurality of brake shoe ribs with adjacent ones of said ribs nested together.
7. The method for forming a plurality of brake shoe ribs according to claim 6, wherein said strip of continuous metal stock has a width approximately equal to a maximum dimension between ends of a brake shoe rib.
8. A brake shoe rib comprising a substantially planar piece of metal strip stock defined by an outer periphery and an inner periphery connected by opposed end portions, and a pair of notches formed in said outer periphery at predetermined positions adjacent associated ones of said end portions.
9. The brake shoe rib according to claim 8, including a pair of return spring apertures formed in said strip stock.
10. The brake shoe rib according to claim 8, including a locating notch formed in each of said end portions.
11. The brake shoe rib according to claim 8, including a cam spring aperture formed in said strip stock.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11536887A | 1987-11-02 | 1987-11-02 | |
| US115,368 | 1987-11-02 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1306959C true CA1306959C (en) | 1992-09-01 |
Family
ID=22360940
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000578423A Expired - Lifetime CA1306959C (en) | 1987-11-02 | 1988-09-26 | Brake shoe rib and a method of making same |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH066967B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR970006856B1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU600173B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8805421A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1306959C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3834768A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2622657B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2211776B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1224288B (en) |
| MX (1) | MX172475B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2754196B1 (en) * | 1996-10-04 | 1998-12-18 | Bost Garnache Ind | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING CLAMPS |
| DE19730563A1 (en) | 1997-07-17 | 1999-02-11 | Daimler Benz Ag | Use of a holographic screen as a display area in a vehicle |
| US6288803B1 (en) * | 1997-10-27 | 2001-09-11 | Denso Corporation | Hologram display |
| US6484386B2 (en) * | 2000-03-28 | 2002-11-26 | Shape Corporation | Apparatus for making brake shoes |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2078706A (en) * | 1935-05-18 | 1937-04-27 | Vitus A Boker | Punch press mechanism |
| DE2839329A1 (en) * | 1978-09-09 | 1980-03-13 | Sigro Siewer & Griesemer | BRAKE SHOE |
| US4210041A (en) * | 1979-02-08 | 1980-07-01 | Enrique Mitman | Method for cutting a plurality of identical, irregular, non-polygonal pieces from material with minimum waste |
| AU545301B2 (en) * | 1980-10-22 | 1985-07-11 | Akebono Brake Industry Co., Ltd. | Pad type drum brake |
| US4360959A (en) * | 1981-07-29 | 1982-11-30 | The Bendix Corporation | Method for manufacturing a drum brake shoe |
| US4602706A (en) * | 1981-10-09 | 1986-07-29 | Borg-Warner Corporation | Double wrap brake band |
-
1988
- 1988-09-26 CA CA000578423A patent/CA1306959C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-09-27 AU AU22878/88A patent/AU600173B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-09-30 GB GB8823084A patent/GB2211776B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-10-12 DE DE3834768A patent/DE3834768A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-10-20 BR BR8805421A patent/BR8805421A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-10-26 MX MX013566A patent/MX172475B/en unknown
- 1988-10-28 IT IT48504/88A patent/IT1224288B/en active
- 1988-10-28 FR FR8814181A patent/FR2622657B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-11-01 KR KR1019880014342A patent/KR970006856B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-11-02 JP JP63276381A patent/JPH066967B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2622657A1 (en) | 1989-05-05 |
| FR2622657B1 (en) | 1993-11-19 |
| JPH01158236A (en) | 1989-06-21 |
| AU600173B2 (en) | 1990-08-02 |
| DE3834768A1 (en) | 1989-05-11 |
| IT8848504A0 (en) | 1988-10-28 |
| KR890007886A (en) | 1989-07-06 |
| MX172475B (en) | 1993-12-17 |
| JPH066967B2 (en) | 1994-01-26 |
| GB2211776B (en) | 1991-10-16 |
| GB2211776A (en) | 1989-07-12 |
| AU2287888A (en) | 1989-05-04 |
| GB8823084D0 (en) | 1988-11-09 |
| BR8805421A (en) | 1989-06-20 |
| IT1224288B (en) | 1990-10-04 |
| KR970006856B1 (en) | 1997-04-30 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |