CA1304560C - Feeder sleeves - Google Patents
Feeder sleevesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1304560C CA1304560C CA000589598A CA589598A CA1304560C CA 1304560 C CA1304560 C CA 1304560C CA 000589598 A CA000589598 A CA 000589598A CA 589598 A CA589598 A CA 589598A CA 1304560 C CA1304560 C CA 1304560C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- sleeve
- filter
- feeder
- sleeve according
- cavity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Landscapes
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A feeder sleeve for use in the casting of molten metal, particularly molten ferrous metal, has fixed in its cavity a filter located at least 0.5 cm from its lower end. The filter is prefer-ably located above the lower end of the sleeve by at least 10% and no more than 75% of the height of the sleeve. The sleeve may be formed from exothermic and/or heat-insulating material and the filter is preferably a ceramic foam.
A feeder sleeve for use in the casting of molten metal, particularly molten ferrous metal, has fixed in its cavity a filter located at least 0.5 cm from its lower end. The filter is prefer-ably located above the lower end of the sleeve by at least 10% and no more than 75% of the height of the sleeve. The sleeve may be formed from exothermic and/or heat-insulating material and the filter is preferably a ceramic foam.
Description
13~4S~o FEEDER SLEEVES
This invention relates to feeder sleeves for use in the casting of molten metals and particularly to feeder sleeves for use in the casting of molten ferrous metals.
During solidification cast metals under-go a reduction in their volume. For this reason, in the casting of molten metals into moulds it is usually necessary to employ feeder heads located above or at the side of the castings in order to compensate for the shrinkage which occurs when the castings solidify. It is common practice to surround a feeder head with an exothermic and/or thenmally insulating feeder sleeve in order to retain the feeder head metal in the molten state for as long as possible and thereby to improve the feeding effect and to enable the feeder head volume to be reduced to a minimum. Such feeder sleeves are usually of circular or oval horizontal cross-section.
When casting molten metals and particu-larly when casting molten ferrous metals into sand moulds it is often des1rable to include in the mould some means for preventing inclusions from being ~ncorporated ~n castings produced in the moulds.
With grey and malleable ~rons inclusions can be formed due to refractory particles and/or slag being carr1ed over from a furnace or a ladle ,~
'~
.
131~4560 into the mould cavity or due to particles of sand from the running system being washed into the mould cavity.
Inclusions are most prevalent in ductile s or nodular irons because in addition sticky magnesium silicate slags, often associated with particles of magnesium oxide and magnes~um sulph~de, are formed during the nodularising process and these are difficult to remove prior to pouring the molten metal into the mould,even though special precautions such as a fluxing '.
treatment, the use of a teapot ladle or the use of a specially designed running system incorporat-ing slag traps are adopted.
Strainer cores are often used in moulds in malleable and grey iron foundries and in some ductile iron foundries, but their principal function is as a means for controlling the flow of a molten iron into the mould and they have only a limited filtering effect.
: . In recent times it has become common practice to incorporate filters, for example, ceramic foam filters, into the running systems of moulds, e~ther in the runner itself or in the sprue. It is also known to locate a filter at ~ the bottom of a feeder cav~ty or at the bottom of j a feeder sleeve cav~ty, ad~acent the cast1ng cavity ~ of the mould.
;
According to the present lnvent~on there is provided a feeder sleeve having an upper i ~" .
~ ! :
: :. . .
~ . . . : :
.~ .
'-', ' ': ' . ' . ' ' ' ' ' .
13~45~io .
end and a lower end and having fixed in its cavity a filter located at least 0.5 cm from its lower end.
The filter is preferably located at least 1 cm from the lower end of the sleeve.
Expressed in terms of the overall height of the sleeve the filter is preferably located above the lower end of the sleeve by at least 10% and no more than 75% of the height of the sleeve.
The feeder sleeve of the invention may be formed from exothermic, heat-insulating or exothermic and heat-insulating material.
The filter may be for example a metal mesh, a cloth made from glass or other inorganic fibres, a honeycomb type of structure having pores which extend from one face to an opposite face, or a structure having interconnecting pores such as a ceramic foam.
Ceramic foam filters are preferred and such filters may be made using a known method of making a ceramic foam, in which an organic foam, usually polyurethane foam, is impregnated with an aqueous slurry of ceramic material containing a binder, the impregnated foam is dried to remove water and the dried impregnated foam is fired to burn off the organic foam to produce a ceramic foam.
The feeder sleeve may be for example, circular or oval in horizontal cross-section and " ~ ,. ;, ~ ~ .
.~ ~
;~3~5~0 it may be for example cylindrical, an inverted frusto-conical shape or funnel shaped. The sleeve may be formed around the filter, the filter may be fixed in position inside the sleeve cavity, for example by means of an adhesive, or the sleeve may have a ledge or shoulder on its inner surface for locating the filter in the desired position.
Alternatively the sleeve may be formed in two parts and one end of each of the two parts may be fixed to one face of the filter, for example by means of an adhesive.
When the feeder sleeve of the invention is used it is located in the mould above the mould cavity and molten metal is poured into the sleeve so that it flows through the filter and into the mould cavity. After pouring and as the metal in the mould cavity solidifies and contracts, molten metal is fed from the feeder sleeve cavity through the filter to compensate for the contraction and to produce a sound casting. After solidification the casting is removed from the mould and the feeder is removed.
In order to insert and locate the sleeve in a preformed feeder cavity in a mould it is pre-ferred that the outer surface of the sleeve istapered and that the feeder cavity has a corres-ponding taper, the direction of taper depending on whether the sleeve is to be inserted in the feeder cavity from above or below. It is also preferred that the outer surface of the sleeve or the mould surface surrounding the feeder cavity has means for holding the sleeve firmly in position once it . ~ .
.
~304S~0 has been inserted in the feeder cavity. The means may be for example protrusions such as ri bs on the lateral surface of the sleeve or protrusions such as ribs formed on the feeder cavity of a sand mould by the use of a recessed former during mould pro-duction.
In order to make it easy to remove the feeder a breaker core may be located between the lower end of the feeder sleeve and the mould cavity in accordance with normal practice. The breaker core may be fixed to the base of the feeder sleeve if desired, for example by means of an adhesive or by shaping the breaker CQre so that part of the breaker core can be push fitted into the sleeve.
The use of a feeder sleeve according to the invention enables moulds of simpler design to be used because a separate sprue and the running system which is normally used can be eliminated.
The rate of casting production can therefore be improved because only the feeder needs to be removed from the casting and the casting process is also more economic because less metal needs to be melted and cast for producing a particular casting.
Furthermore as the filter is not in contact with the casting itself, potentially delet-erious effects on the casting surface by the filter are obviated and when the filter is a cloth or mesh filter, distortion of the filter downwards into the mould cavity due to the filter becoming flexible at the metal casting temperature is avoided.
. . ", ~3~4S~O
This invention relates to feeder sleeves for use in the casting of molten metals and particularly to feeder sleeves for use in the casting of molten ferrous metals.
During solidification cast metals under-go a reduction in their volume. For this reason, in the casting of molten metals into moulds it is usually necessary to employ feeder heads located above or at the side of the castings in order to compensate for the shrinkage which occurs when the castings solidify. It is common practice to surround a feeder head with an exothermic and/or thenmally insulating feeder sleeve in order to retain the feeder head metal in the molten state for as long as possible and thereby to improve the feeding effect and to enable the feeder head volume to be reduced to a minimum. Such feeder sleeves are usually of circular or oval horizontal cross-section.
When casting molten metals and particu-larly when casting molten ferrous metals into sand moulds it is often des1rable to include in the mould some means for preventing inclusions from being ~ncorporated ~n castings produced in the moulds.
With grey and malleable ~rons inclusions can be formed due to refractory particles and/or slag being carr1ed over from a furnace or a ladle ,~
'~
.
131~4560 into the mould cavity or due to particles of sand from the running system being washed into the mould cavity.
Inclusions are most prevalent in ductile s or nodular irons because in addition sticky magnesium silicate slags, often associated with particles of magnesium oxide and magnes~um sulph~de, are formed during the nodularising process and these are difficult to remove prior to pouring the molten metal into the mould,even though special precautions such as a fluxing '.
treatment, the use of a teapot ladle or the use of a specially designed running system incorporat-ing slag traps are adopted.
Strainer cores are often used in moulds in malleable and grey iron foundries and in some ductile iron foundries, but their principal function is as a means for controlling the flow of a molten iron into the mould and they have only a limited filtering effect.
: . In recent times it has become common practice to incorporate filters, for example, ceramic foam filters, into the running systems of moulds, e~ther in the runner itself or in the sprue. It is also known to locate a filter at ~ the bottom of a feeder cav~ty or at the bottom of j a feeder sleeve cav~ty, ad~acent the cast1ng cavity ~ of the mould.
;
According to the present lnvent~on there is provided a feeder sleeve having an upper i ~" .
~ ! :
: :. . .
~ . . . : :
.~ .
'-', ' ': ' . ' . ' ' ' ' ' .
13~45~io .
end and a lower end and having fixed in its cavity a filter located at least 0.5 cm from its lower end.
The filter is preferably located at least 1 cm from the lower end of the sleeve.
Expressed in terms of the overall height of the sleeve the filter is preferably located above the lower end of the sleeve by at least 10% and no more than 75% of the height of the sleeve.
The feeder sleeve of the invention may be formed from exothermic, heat-insulating or exothermic and heat-insulating material.
The filter may be for example a metal mesh, a cloth made from glass or other inorganic fibres, a honeycomb type of structure having pores which extend from one face to an opposite face, or a structure having interconnecting pores such as a ceramic foam.
Ceramic foam filters are preferred and such filters may be made using a known method of making a ceramic foam, in which an organic foam, usually polyurethane foam, is impregnated with an aqueous slurry of ceramic material containing a binder, the impregnated foam is dried to remove water and the dried impregnated foam is fired to burn off the organic foam to produce a ceramic foam.
The feeder sleeve may be for example, circular or oval in horizontal cross-section and " ~ ,. ;, ~ ~ .
.~ ~
;~3~5~0 it may be for example cylindrical, an inverted frusto-conical shape or funnel shaped. The sleeve may be formed around the filter, the filter may be fixed in position inside the sleeve cavity, for example by means of an adhesive, or the sleeve may have a ledge or shoulder on its inner surface for locating the filter in the desired position.
Alternatively the sleeve may be formed in two parts and one end of each of the two parts may be fixed to one face of the filter, for example by means of an adhesive.
When the feeder sleeve of the invention is used it is located in the mould above the mould cavity and molten metal is poured into the sleeve so that it flows through the filter and into the mould cavity. After pouring and as the metal in the mould cavity solidifies and contracts, molten metal is fed from the feeder sleeve cavity through the filter to compensate for the contraction and to produce a sound casting. After solidification the casting is removed from the mould and the feeder is removed.
In order to insert and locate the sleeve in a preformed feeder cavity in a mould it is pre-ferred that the outer surface of the sleeve istapered and that the feeder cavity has a corres-ponding taper, the direction of taper depending on whether the sleeve is to be inserted in the feeder cavity from above or below. It is also preferred that the outer surface of the sleeve or the mould surface surrounding the feeder cavity has means for holding the sleeve firmly in position once it . ~ .
.
~304S~0 has been inserted in the feeder cavity. The means may be for example protrusions such as ri bs on the lateral surface of the sleeve or protrusions such as ribs formed on the feeder cavity of a sand mould by the use of a recessed former during mould pro-duction.
In order to make it easy to remove the feeder a breaker core may be located between the lower end of the feeder sleeve and the mould cavity in accordance with normal practice. The breaker core may be fixed to the base of the feeder sleeve if desired, for example by means of an adhesive or by shaping the breaker CQre so that part of the breaker core can be push fitted into the sleeve.
The use of a feeder sleeve according to the invention enables moulds of simpler design to be used because a separate sprue and the running system which is normally used can be eliminated.
The rate of casting production can therefore be improved because only the feeder needs to be removed from the casting and the casting process is also more economic because less metal needs to be melted and cast for producing a particular casting.
Furthermore as the filter is not in contact with the casting itself, potentially delet-erious effects on the casting surface by the filter are obviated and when the filter is a cloth or mesh filter, distortion of the filter downwards into the mould cavity due to the filter becoming flexible at the metal casting temperature is avoided.
. . ", ~3~4S~O
The invention is illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings in which Figures 1 - 3 are vertical cross-sections of feeder sleeves according to the invention and Figure 4 is vertical cross-section of a mould incorporating a feeder sleeve according to the invention.
Referring to Figure 1 a cylindrical feeder sleeve 1 formed from two parts 2 and 3 has a cloth filter 4 made from inorganic fibre fixed by means of an adhesive to the lower end 5 of the top part 2 and the upper end 6 of the bottom part 3. The filter 4 is located above the lower end 7 of the sleeve 1 by approximately 33% of the overall lS height of the sleeve 1.
Referring to Figure 2 a feeder sleeve 11 of circular horizontal cross-section has an upper portion 12 which is funnel shaped and a lower portion 13 which is cylindrical. A filter 14 of ceramic foam having a taper from top to bottom corresponding to the taper of the funnel shaped portion 12 of the sleeve 11 is located at the bottom of the funnel shaped portion 12 and above the lower end 15 of the sleeve by approximately 28% of the overall height of the sleeve 11.
Referring to Figure 3 a feeder sleeve 21 of circular horizontal cross-section has an upper portion 22 which is funnel shaped and a lower portion 23 whose wall thickness is greater than that of the upper portion so as to produce a ledge 24. A filter 25 of ceramic foam is located .~ '~ .
.
~ ' I
- = -~ - .
13~?~5~
Referring to Figure 1 a cylindrical feeder sleeve 1 formed from two parts 2 and 3 has a cloth filter 4 made from inorganic fibre fixed by means of an adhesive to the lower end 5 of the top part 2 and the upper end 6 of the bottom part 3. The filter 4 is located above the lower end 7 of the sleeve 1 by approximately 33% of the overall lS height of the sleeve 1.
Referring to Figure 2 a feeder sleeve 11 of circular horizontal cross-section has an upper portion 12 which is funnel shaped and a lower portion 13 which is cylindrical. A filter 14 of ceramic foam having a taper from top to bottom corresponding to the taper of the funnel shaped portion 12 of the sleeve 11 is located at the bottom of the funnel shaped portion 12 and above the lower end 15 of the sleeve by approximately 28% of the overall height of the sleeve 11.
Referring to Figure 3 a feeder sleeve 21 of circular horizontal cross-section has an upper portion 22 which is funnel shaped and a lower portion 23 whose wall thickness is greater than that of the upper portion so as to produce a ledge 24. A filter 25 of ceramic foam is located .~ '~ .
.
~ ' I
- = -~ - .
13~?~5~
on the ledge 24 and above the lower end 26 of the sleeve by approximately 26% of the overall height of the sleeve 21.
Referring to Figure 4 a cylindrical feeder sl~eve 31 tapering from 75 mm inner diameter at the top down to 40 mm inner diameter at the base is fitted with a circular ceramic foam filter 32 of 55 mm diameter held in place by the tapered sleeve wall. The sleeve is located in a sand mould 33 such that the sleeve 31 provides the sole means of entry for metal into mould cavity 34 which is used to produce a plate casting measuring 26 x 26 x 3 cm in ductile iron.
When molten iron was poured into the feeder sleeve so as to fill the mould cavity and the sleeve cavity, the total weight of metal poured was 16.3 kg. After the plate casting had solidified the cast;ng was removed from the mould and the feeder was knocked off. 2 mm of the surface of the plate was removed by a skimming operation and the plate was inspected by a dye penetration technique. Very few inclusions were present. For comparison a similar casting was produced in a mould having a sprue, a runner system and a feeder lined with a sleeve of refrac-; tory heat-insulating material 75 mm in diameter and 100 mm in height. The total weight of metal cast was 23.15 kg which is 6.85 kg more than the weight cast when using the feeder sleeve of the invention. Furthermore, examination of the plate casting by the dye penetration technique after 1 removal of 2 mm of the surface revealed the presence of a number of inclusions.
,~" ~
Referring to Figure 4 a cylindrical feeder sl~eve 31 tapering from 75 mm inner diameter at the top down to 40 mm inner diameter at the base is fitted with a circular ceramic foam filter 32 of 55 mm diameter held in place by the tapered sleeve wall. The sleeve is located in a sand mould 33 such that the sleeve 31 provides the sole means of entry for metal into mould cavity 34 which is used to produce a plate casting measuring 26 x 26 x 3 cm in ductile iron.
When molten iron was poured into the feeder sleeve so as to fill the mould cavity and the sleeve cavity, the total weight of metal poured was 16.3 kg. After the plate casting had solidified the cast;ng was removed from the mould and the feeder was knocked off. 2 mm of the surface of the plate was removed by a skimming operation and the plate was inspected by a dye penetration technique. Very few inclusions were present. For comparison a similar casting was produced in a mould having a sprue, a runner system and a feeder lined with a sleeve of refrac-; tory heat-insulating material 75 mm in diameter and 100 mm in height. The total weight of metal cast was 23.15 kg which is 6.85 kg more than the weight cast when using the feeder sleeve of the invention. Furthermore, examination of the plate casting by the dye penetration technique after 1 removal of 2 mm of the surface revealed the presence of a number of inclusions.
,~" ~
Claims (14)
1. A feeder sleeve having an upper and a lower end and having fixed in its cavity a filter located at least 0.5 cm from the lower end of the sleeve.
2. A feeder sleeve according to Claim 1 wherein the filter is located at least 1 cm from the lower end of the sleeve.
3. A feeder sleeve according to Claim 1 wherein the filter is located above the lower end of the sleeve by at least 10% and no more than 75%
of the height of the sleeve.
of the height of the sleeve.
4. A feeder sleeve according to Claim 1 formed of exothermic, heat-insulating or exothermic and heat-insulating material.
5. A feeder sleeve according to Claim 1 wherein the filter is a metal mesh or a cloth made from inorganic fibres.
6. A feeder sleeve according to Claim 1 wherein the filter has pores extending from one face to an opposite face.
7. A feeder sleeve according to Claim 1 wherein the filter is a ceramic foam.
8. A sleeve according to Claim 1 wherein the sleeve has a ledge on its inner surface for locating the filter.
9. A sleeve according to Claim 1 wherein the filter is fixed inside the sleeve by means of an adhesive.
10. A sleeve according to Claim 1 wherein the sleeve is formed integrally with the filter by forming the lseeve around the lateral surface of the filter.
11. A sleeve according to Claim 1 wherein the sleeve is formed in two parts, one end of each part is fixed to a face of the filter and the lateral surface of the filter is sealed.
12. A sleeve according to Claim 1 wherein the sleeve has a breaker core fixed to its base.
13. A sleeve according to Claim 1 wherein the sleeve has a breaker core formed integrally therewith.
14. A sleeve according to Claim 1 wherein the sleeve has protrusions on its outer surface for holding the sleeve in position in a feeder cavity of a mould.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000589598A CA1304560C (en) | 1989-01-31 | 1989-01-31 | Feeder sleeves |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000589598A CA1304560C (en) | 1989-01-31 | 1989-01-31 | Feeder sleeves |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1304560C true CA1304560C (en) | 1992-07-07 |
Family
ID=4139540
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000589598A Expired - Lifetime CA1304560C (en) | 1989-01-31 | 1989-01-31 | Feeder sleeves |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1304560C (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104353804A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-02-18 | 重庆戴卡捷力轮毂制造有限公司 | Sprue bush for die casting metal mold |
| CN105382198A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-03-09 | 天津立中车轮有限公司 | Sprue bush of aluminum alloy wheel mould |
-
1989
- 1989-01-31 CA CA000589598A patent/CA1304560C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104353804A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-02-18 | 重庆戴卡捷力轮毂制造有限公司 | Sprue bush for die casting metal mold |
| CN105382198A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-03-09 | 天津立中车轮有限公司 | Sprue bush of aluminum alloy wheel mould |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |