CA1293215C - Process and apparatus for enhancing biological and chemical reactions from high area inorganic base silica on fibers - Google Patents
Process and apparatus for enhancing biological and chemical reactions from high area inorganic base silica on fibersInfo
- Publication number
- CA1293215C CA1293215C CA000513503A CA513503A CA1293215C CA 1293215 C CA1293215 C CA 1293215C CA 000513503 A CA000513503 A CA 000513503A CA 513503 A CA513503 A CA 513503A CA 1293215 C CA1293215 C CA 1293215C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- microbes
- fibrous base
- diatomaceous earth
- chemical
- reaction zone
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
- C12N11/14—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an inorganic carrier
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
- C12M21/02—Photobioreactors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M25/00—Means for supporting, enclosing or fixing the microorganisms, e.g. immunocoatings
- C12M25/14—Scaffolds; Matrices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M27/00—Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
- C12M27/14—Rotation or movement of the cells support, e.g. rotated hollow fibers
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
- Immobilizing And Processing Of Enzymes And Microorganisms (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Abstract
PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR ENHANCING
BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS FROM
HIGH AREA INORGANIC BASE SILICA ON FIBERS
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE:
A process for enhancing chemical reactions comprising the steps of providing a fibrous base, introducing a high area inorganic material on the fibrous base, absorbing the high area inorganic material into the fibrous base to form a treated fibrous base, introducing a slurry of microbes, enzymes or catalytic metals into the treated fibrous base, adhering or entrapping the microbes, enzymes or catalytic metal on the treated fibrous base, and contacting a chemical solution with the microbes, enzymes or catalytic metals adhered to the treated fibrous base for producing and enhanced reaction between the chemical solution and the microbes, enzymes or catalytic metals and an apparatus for carrying out the process.
BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS FROM
HIGH AREA INORGANIC BASE SILICA ON FIBERS
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE:
A process for enhancing chemical reactions comprising the steps of providing a fibrous base, introducing a high area inorganic material on the fibrous base, absorbing the high area inorganic material into the fibrous base to form a treated fibrous base, introducing a slurry of microbes, enzymes or catalytic metals into the treated fibrous base, adhering or entrapping the microbes, enzymes or catalytic metal on the treated fibrous base, and contacting a chemical solution with the microbes, enzymes or catalytic metals adhered to the treated fibrous base for producing and enhanced reaction between the chemical solution and the microbes, enzymes or catalytic metals and an apparatus for carrying out the process.
Description
77~-101~?
~Ro~Es~ PP~3A~US FdR ~NHANCIN~
~IOI~BI~AI, ~ND 0H~ AL R~ ION~ FRo~
~ ,...................... . .
~h~ pro~s~ p~r~L~u~ n~ ~ n~n~l~n ~el~ to ~o~ing o~ r~ Po~ lm~ove~l ~dh~arena~ o~
mic~be~ o~ aly~.a m~tal~ nh~e ~h~mi~al r~c3~1~n~ w~n a ahomla~1 an~. ~he 3nl~o~r enzyma~ or m~al~.
It 1~ e w~ll known 11~ ~h~ ~x~ oP enh~n~lng m~l re~ lo~ hat: ~Ao~ari~, oth~ mi¢roba~ o~
~n~ wh~n ~ond.ed to lrl~3rna~ ~ur~ae~ ~uah ~ ~ib~r3 orould e~h~n~e many ~Q~ n~ ~etw~en ~. ~hamicE~ ~omp~un~
~nd ~h~ microb~ ~o ~.dh~d~ ~r exampl~, U.S. ~t~nt 3,510 ~nt~ d ~ h Sur~ac~ ~ow V~lum~ Bioma~
aompo~ U~ .n~ ~ al ~ahe~ ~h~ u~ an is~noblli~ing ml~r~b~ ~ompo~it~ ~v~ng a porou~ high , ~ . . .
. .
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... . .
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~u~ area o~ orgarllo ~llpport wl~h a populatlon o~
m~arob~o bond~d to ~he ln~rn~l ~urP~ o~ th~ pores to ~nhan~ row~k~ a~ th6~ ml~ro~3eE~ on ~he lnoryani~ grow~h aompo~:Lt~ ~
I.lk~wi0~ U~ Pa~ t 4,~4glg3~ o i~u~d 'co n~ ~ al ~A~:h~ b u~ o~ ~n lln~obil~ l microb~
qom~ c:ompr~.~ing porou~ hlgh ~urfaoe ~r~ ~norganla ~u~ort h~vlng a ao~ro~ pul~ n o~ ~ungu~-liXe mi~;~o~ bon~d ~o ~he ln~rnal ~ur~ace~ o~ th~ por3~.
'rh~ ~?At~3nt iDE~U~ ;SS ~h~ ps~e~nt ~nv~nto~, U.~.
4, ~07, ~4, al~o t~ahets th~t rotat~ng ~bç~r~3 wlth b~o~ or pum~i~g a ~olu~oll ~a~ 1;h~ ~ib~r~ r~ults ln a ~t~ ion ~im~. Column ~ n~ 4 ~ ~h~o patQnt m~nkion~ ~h~ a.lu~lna lnox~eao~ th~ ~u~ac!R are~
~or at~aohm~ o~ baot~riaO D~om~ h~ap~r ~h~n ~lumina .
~ pi~e t:h~ pri~r ~ anhlng~ as:nc~r2~ing ~h~
~r~t.mant ~ r~ and m~ rial~ ~o ~nh~n~ ah~mla~l r~a~ion~ on~lnuou~ ~robl~m. ~n th~ ax~ o~au~ when ~rm~ntlng ~uç~ar aan~ ui~ ~ui~ or wood b~au~e ~lb~, e.~" ~u~r ~ fi r~ n plug ~h~ ~y~t~m.
~v~r~ wh~n ~ul~ om th~ ~u~a~ lt~ or~ eolld3 ~an~ wh~ h~ r ~4r~ n pu~ . In ~.~. P~en~ 4,153,~10, ~,149,~ an~
4, l49, 931 lt ~ o~n~ that glA~ A~ pport b~s~. HOW~V~ A~ ~e a ~ragil~
04m~nen~ elnd a ~ih~ting m~ns c~ml~t ~ u~ &d eo~ ly. ~d~ nal,ly, th~ p~ nent ~p~ ioi g~lty o~ ~h~ gl~ vç~ ~ s O .
h ~ai~ r~ty i~ A ll~ illty ~d no~ 2ln t~ Xt ha~ eI1 ~und. ~hat by ro~ln~ a~ a ~reate2 ~pe~d, a ~a~ r~a~iol~, c~ian b~ ob~lned~ q~h~ ~ae~
ro~ion ~n~ ~o ~ g~ tha ~u~po~, how~v~r I by . ',. . .
., .
.
JUL l~ f 1~: ct~ t,-,~ i "J-,` c~
.;
3 ~
~ntrl~uyAl orce . In ~.~.rg~ ~anlk~ h& ou~ klp ~pesd 1~ gr~a~r, m~king ~h~ ~rob~en~ ~Lv~n m~ aa~t~. In ~h~
num~ou~ ~mm~ial ln~i~al;~ nE~ o~ ~ot21ry hl~loglc~l aon~aotQro, ~r~ h~re ~een ~Yar~ rloua ~ha~
~Ailur~ J,R~VY ma~ri~ a~ v ~hi~ ongoln~ pro~lem.
~i~h vold ~ highly ~le~lra~le, not h~g~ hezlvy ~olid a~nt~n~ r~ d gla~ E.n~ ~ ~ord~ e~ mo~oli~h ~r~ ly ~l~pl~R~
DD ~ ' ~h~ ~x0~3~ an~ a~ hx p~ n~ inv~n~on woul~ ~o~v~ ~h~ R~ea~ ox~oming~ ln ~h~ ~r~ in a ~impla ~ ralght~orwa~d mR~n~r.
~ h~ pxo~ ompr~ h~ 3p~ o~ provlding a ~lbrou~ ~a~ n~ro~,uain~ a hl~h are~A lnorgani~ m~l3rial on th~ rou~ bA.~ b~orblnq ~he high ar~ ~nor~nlo m~k~ nt~ ~he Plb~u~ b~o~ t~ :eo~m ~ a~d ~ ou~
bAI!~ lntr~u¢~n~ ~ ~lurry o~ ml~ nz~m~ or y~iCI mllat~.l,R in~o th~ tr~ d ~ib~oll~ ba~, a~h~rlng oY qnkr~pp~ng th~ m:Lar~b0~, ~n~m~ o~ a~t~y~io m~a~
~n ~h~ qâ ~ibrou~ bR~e, ~nd aon~Aq~lng a ch~mi~l solu~lon wlth ~ho mi~ob~ n~ym~ or ~at~ly~la m~
~dh~r~d to th~ ~r~ed. ~i~roll~ ba~ o~lualng ~n ~nh~nc~d x~a~tion b~w~ h~ ~eml~ n ana ~he miorob~ n~ or oAk~ m~ . In a morq pX~ rs~L a~o~ the pro4e~s aomp~ pro~lding a x~aatlon ~hAmb~, provid;Ln~ ou~ h~æ~ hln the ahamk~, in~r~du~lng Rnd ~ u~ati51~ ~h~ ~ibrou~ b~ wl~h a ~omp~un~ wl~ln ~h~ ~ham~ low;Lng a ~c:lu~ion a~n~ining m~¢~ob~ ~h~ough ~ ur~ d ~i~r~u5 ~
the mlc~ok~ ,dhering to ~h~ a aompound. p~xtlc~l~s ~n ~h~ ~ibr~u~ ~a,Es~, provld~ng m~n~ on ~he ~ ro~ a~s ~or a~he~ng ~he miarobs~ h~ rou~ bel~e, i~lowin~ a .''`. ' .
.
~.
~UL E~ 14: c~ E,5~.B 7~ C~ c'~
~3;~1~
~olu~ hraugh ~h~ ~illoa s~ompoun~ con~ining miarob~3 ~r dev~loplng ~ xeao~ion ~l~erg~.n, an~ moYing ~he ~brou~
~a~ a~ nhan~e ~h~ ah~ ac~lon wl~h~n tho charnb~r y~ b~low t:he ra~e wh~eb5r th~ mlarob~ would n~ lony~r ad~ o ~h~ rou~ ~a~ .
'rhe app~ u~ ~omprl~e~ ~ r~a~lon Gham~p~r~ ~uppor~
n~ aontain~ ln ~h~ r~ t~on ~Amb~r ~or ~commod~tin~
a gil~ b~e m~t~r~ hr~ hou~ b~tan~ y khe ent.~rQ ~0a~ki~rl a~aml3~, a ~g~Actlon ~ Rri~l ~ur~h~r c~ompri~ing ~ .h~rirlg m~Ln~ ~n~oau~d in~o ~che r~act:i~n ~ r ~o~ a~h~arir~ Aa~ l to th~
h~rln~ higls ~o~a~ty ohar~ rl~tio~, thQ ~dh~lng ~an~
be$ng ~v~be~ or en~x~pp~d in~ ~h~ ~ibf~, ml~robe~, enzym3~ o~ ~a~ly~ m~ala a~b~r~d onto ~nd withlr~l 'ch~
~ore~ ~ th~ A~h~rlng m~r.s, ~n~ m~n~ ~o~ mo~ing ~he ~uppo~ m~an~ in~ h~ ~aoti~n ¢ham~er ~o ~h~t u~on introflu~ o~ a ~lu~ .nt~ ~h~ r~ ox~ OhElmbR~/ th~
~e~tion b~w~e~ ~h~ ~luld ~nd m~q~ob~ nzymes or c~lytia m~al~ nhAn~d, the ln~d~ hR re~ ion aham~or b~ g mov~ Al 1~ ral~ elow Whl~h ~he mi~ob~, ~n~yma~ or ~a~al~ki~ ma~a~,~ would no lony~ adher~ to ~h~
~brou~ urlng ~h~ r~A~ti~n.
~ he ~ro~ appara~uo ~an~n~ th~ ch~mla~1 xe~ion~ r ~xam~ h~ ts o~ f~m~n~atlor~ bQ~w~n miorob~ næ~m~ r ~a~alytlc m~t~l~ auntain~d wlthi~
~h~ ~p~aratu~ ~nd ~h~mi~ olu~ions rou~ed ~her~through u~ Zillg a ~l~xlhl~ ghtw~lghl; ~ ! b~ ~uppo~t me~-n~ ~ an ln~*g~nl~ ~u~?por~ a~om~) And ~rg~nia ;eib~ OOt~oll ~lk~r~) . O~h~ l;ype~ o~ ur~l o:r ~yn~h~ r~ may b~ u~ uch a~ n~ c~llulo~, nylon o~ ~aph;lte ~.bersA
~h~ a~n b~ c:o~LtQ~ wl~h n~urAl p~lyme~ ~uch a~llag~n ~ d~x~an~ lmmob~ g ~n;Lmal ~ell~ or viru~ n ~h~ Ph~c~a ~o. ~alo~ 13~, 73 .~ ~s33~
. `
~Yp~ ell~ and 1~ vl~u~ ar~ tQ~ whiqh c~n be coated on ac~llag~n; Cell~ whl;:h m~y ~ cul~ur~d in~ludQ
~idney a~ mbryo ~lbrob~ , m~c~o~; h~g~, p~n~rsa~, hepat~y~e~ ulta~y c~ amnl4~ luid ~ell~, mu~ 1 a2~ h~r~, ~n~h~ llo, ~ o~, ~mb~yonla ~ung~ ~r~kin c:ella/ ~y~n~a }c~dney, ~n~ryo ob~ nS~ rc~bl~ ~nd~r~{
~ldn~y, ~)cln ~l~ro~ , hum~n bone m~xow, humzln mon~y~ ukemi~, h~man ~or~o~in ~Down'~), hum~n n~al a~lnoma, human ~on~un~ re ~ t ~numan ll~r, hum~n ~ib~o~Axooma, ~um~n ~m~ryo Xidn~y, hum~n ~
~pp~ g~ ~um~n l~rynx ~r~inomEI~ human m~lR~oma, human ylloma, humall o~t~o~ar~omR~ hum~n or~l aa~ol m~, human ao1on ~rainDm~,, human kidney ~a~oinoma, }~um~n akin qpi~hellum, hllman synov1al ~1uid, human ~ r~ k~, human ~hy~al~ oar~inom~ mo~ d;~nEll ao~x ~umour, mou~Q n~urob1a~om~ mcu~ ~ibrobla~s, m~u~ o~
mouao m~r~p~l~g~, mou~e me1~.nom~.~, mou~e ~ osar::~mE3a, m~u~ ~lbr~ .t k~,~n~y~ r~ kidr~ r~n~:eormed, 4~ r~t ~ubGUt~ qQu~ tumour, rat ~ibro~ at h~lap~toma, rat l~iRl tumor~ r~t ~olon ~arc:inoma~ rabblt ~orne~, r~bbit ~idn~ hi~ m~s~ OVA2''y, ch~n~ h~m~
lurlg~ ~y~ian hamst~ k1dn~y, dPg epith~iAl, do~ ~idn~y, por~ine lctflney~ bovin~ k1~n~y~ ~Ol;~XQO kldn~y, mink lung, ~him,pA~z~ liv4r, ,ahim~nz~ mbrye~ lung, ~xl~an gr~n m~nk~y Jc~dn~y, ~he~u~ monk~f ki~ln~y, human/m~u~ hybrid~, human/h~m~teæ hyb~ld~, m~u~e~hamo~ hybrid~, hyb~idoma ~lon~, in~eat a~ll lin~o an~ h ~11 lln~
Y~ru~ whloh may b~ ~own in ~h~ a~ clude .~ . polio, r~b~ lla~ luenaA, ~ndJ~ nd~, rou~
~2r~0m~, herp~ dan~, ~V4Q, ~o1yom~; p~udorabi~, va~ain1a, ~oot ~n~ mou~, v~aul~r ~tom~ oup B
;; ar~oviru~ uin~ ~h~ nopn~umoniti~, b~rin~
~h~ h~iti~ an~ sndog~rlou~ ypB vlru~s, .. .
.. .
The apparatus may comprise a container tank, a central rotatable shaft mounted thersin, a plurality of spoke members radiating outward from the central shaft and a fibrous material contained between the series of spokes~ Further, in the process provided, the fibrous material is p~ferably coated with a diatomaceous earkh composite which has a density less than wat~r, such as a * *
Dicalite or Celite particles. The particles are useful for the attachment of organisms and catalytic metal such as nickel, for hydrogenation. In the case of an enzyme coating, the ~ibers may be coated with finely divided clay for surface adherence of the enzymes thereto.
Further, the tank would be flusned with a fluid for example, so that fermentation would be achieved i~ a relatively short amount of time, and the microbes adhering to the ~icalite or enzymes to clay would be more readily adhered and not washed away by the passage of the solution therethrough.
Prior to a discussion of the overall process and apparatus of the present invention, attention should be drawn to the process itself, which can be accomplished by the apparatus as illustrated in the FIGURES. In the overall process o~ the present invention, an organic or inorganic fibrous material is provided within a chamber.
The fibrou~ material should have the ability to absorb or entrap particulate materials such as diatomaceous earth, which is an amorphous mineral consisting mostly of silica having a specific gravity lower than water which is due to the granular configuration of the diatomaceous earth.
The particles have the ability to entrap microbes or the like within the interior structure of the particle.
Thus, when solution is routed therethrough, the washing away of enzymes or microbes which are essential to the *trademarks . . ,~j y ~^ . - . , . ^
3~
, .
~h~ml~al r~qklon ~a~cing place wlthi~ th~ ahamk~r ~
inhl~it~ the~b~r aa~1BV;ln~ a ~r~ Qr an~ mo~ ici~nt d~r~ c~ c~h~ia~ rq!~,C~iOn~ B~ ::RUE~ th~ ~orou~ -ch~ r~ o~ ~:h~ om~, th~ mi~robe~ o bQiroms ~n1:ra~?e~ ~nd e~en u~orl r~gorou~ ~vol~7ing o~ ~he re~'eion ah~n~r~, ~h~P mlc~r~bQ~ adh~r~ to ~he ~iatom~ on ~h~ r~ d r~c~lon ~a~ nhan~e~ .
~ n the ~v~ h~ re~ ion oha~ r woul~ ~ u~lllzed ~or ~h~ ~e~atl~n b~ en a ~c~lution p~ d th2~khrough ~nd~ ~o~ ~xam;~le~ zyme~, ~h~ di~om~c~sou~ ~arth mlght b~ un~uitabl~ ~or th~ ~h~r~n~ o~ e~ym~ th~r~o in viaw Q~ ~h~ ~a~ that the ~n~y~ne~ would no~ ~dh~e to the l~xga ~o~a~ ~ the ~la~oma u~ ~ar~h. ~h~re;eo~e, an ~m~adim2nt o~ ~h~ p~o~e~s w~uld ~nc:~ude t~qa~ng ~lB
o~g~nie~ ~b~u~ ~t~rl~l ~uo~ a~ c:Q~on o~ polye3te~ wi~h a ~olution co~t~nin~ ~in~ly divid~d ~ay, whl~h ~x th~
m~t ~ t~lly no~-porou~, ~u~ ~u~ ~u h~ving an un~en ~u~,ae ~ woul~ A~h~av~ ~h~r~n~e o~ ~he en2ymo~
4nto th~ ~ur~G~ o~ th~ ala~ an~ th~re~ore would In ~lti~n to main~;~inlng ~he Qnzyme~ adh~r~ng withln ~h~
~ib~r would ~l~o agAin ~ it~sl~ . mo~ ef1cien~
~nd ~h~r~ugh ah~miaal rea~t~on oh~ r ~ ~h~ or~, in ~h~ r~ ollnbt~ h~ trBa~m~n~ h~
~ibrou~ m~t~ri~l wl~h ~h~ om~q~o~ axth, in th~ oa~e e~r ~dh~r~ng mi~o~ therethr~ugh, ~ atin~ ~
matRrlal with ~in~ly divi~ed ~l~y ln ~hc~ ~mbodlm~nt ~or ~Qa~t~ng ~z~n~a~ ~he ~re~ ibrous ma~ria~ w~uld ~h~
h~ ~u~eat~ ~o ~ ~oluk~on ~u~h ~ rmantçr ~olll~lon wh~qby th~ ~lu~ion ~ ~s re~od ~v~ ot ~urf~q ar~
o~ ac~c~ ~a~h aon~nin~ orga~i~m~, t~u~
a~mpll~hin~ a ~p~adl~r ~nd mox~ n~ ~ea~ n.
~ik~ , in ~he u~ o~ ~nzy~e~, ~;h~ m~ ~t~p in ~h~
proo~ wol~ld b~ elcaompli~h~.
, ., , ,, .
, 3~
8;
In or~r ~o anh~nc@ ~hq o~xall p~ h~ ~lb~oua mat~rial~ would be pc~i~lona~ b~tw~en plAte~ ~r the l~k~
~nd rot~t~d ~ ~h~ r~at~r ~ with th~ ~u~c~
~r~a oi~ ~h~ m~er~E~l and t~ rc3a~tant 0sl~10n woul~ b~
un~ ak~n in ~h~ pro~s~
~ h~ r~i~ n ob~ eo~ oP ~h~ pre~nt lnvention ~o provld~ ~ prQ~ or ~oa~ing ~i~r~u~ m21teri~1 ~o~
~nhanain~ ~h~mi~l r~ lon~ b~w~en org~ni~m~ ~u~h..aa ~at~ria ~n~ ~lu~ion~ c~mln~ lnto a~n~Rc~ w~th th~
a~nl~m~ .
h~ ~b~k o~ ~h~ n~ n~ion ~rovld~a a p~oo~oo ~r ~o~ing ~ibr~u~ m~erl~l~ with a aoa~lng f~ ~nhanc::~ng ~men~tlon b~ween org~ni~m~ auoh a~ ye~ and a ~rmantar ~lutl~n s;:3min~ ln ~nt:a~t wi~h the or~anl~m~.
ur~h~r ob~ ea~ o~ ~he pre~nt invention to pru~,ridu ~ pr~a~ d appa~tu~ o~ r~a¢tin~ argani~m~
Aæhq~d to ~ ~ib~c~u~ bAs~ ~helt h~ e~n t~qA~d to prev~nk wa~hlng ~wn~,~ o~ th~ ml~ro~e~ wh~n ~ ~olutlon i~
run ~h~ou~h the ~h~r~ ~o ~nh~nc:a ~ ah~ml~1 r~ n~
a ~url:h~ o~Jeo~ o~ t~n~ pr~nt inveJlt1on ~o provl~ a pro~ to ~nhe~nqe ah~mi~ AC~ P
pxollrldln~ ~ ~alnblnation o~ ~n ~r~RIlio ~nd inor~nl~
~uppo~t ba~ ~or adheren~ mi~ob~ ~o ~h~ ~u~?por~
~ e Qikh~r b~ ~ur~a0 ~dh~nqe or by adher~n~ in ~h~
p~ o~ a ~omponen~ o:~ th~ ~u~ox~ lo~
It i~ u~the~ a~t o~ th~ qn~
~n~qn~l~n ~ p~ e ~n appa~tu~ ~h~r~in ~ibrou~
ma~Qrlal coat~ wikh a dl~omao~ou~ ~a~h aompound i~
o ~h~ 3 adh~n~ rg~ m~ ~u~h ~ ~a~
or ~h~ t:h~x~o durin~ th~ ~r~c:e~ o~ ~u~ln~
on through ~ ~pp~r~u~ ~o ~ohi~ An o~going ~u~tainin~ ah~mi~A~ n.
..ILIL ~J~ i_ib ~ J l~ J_~
~L2~3~1~
u~her o~ Ra~ of ~ ~he prQ~ent ln~ n~lon t~ provl~ a prot~ 8 ~n~. ap~ u~ to be~ter a~h~x~ t~r~a ~o ~b~E~ ~n~ p~ nt G~ll wa~h ou~
by k~ppi~g ~h~ b~,~tnria ln ~h~ innQX~ xea~ s ~ ~he ~ioeLtlr~g on th~ ~b~r.
a ~xth~ ob~e~i~ o~ th~ pr~ tnv~ntlon to ~ro~tid~ ~ ~ur~ pon whioh ~ c)rg~ni~mo or m~tal~ a~n a~h~r~ ~o m~ra r~a~ whioh h~ ~ sllght rl~g~lv2 cha~gs pro~
I~ tlll a ~u2~h~ ob~u~ o~ ~h~ pre~nt inven~n ~ ~rovi~e ~ pp~a~u~ ~o~ ~dh~r~n~ ~rg~n~m~
o~ qn~m~ wi~hin khe ap~ u~ r~du~ o~t o~e~
~r~nt l~'tatQ t~ ~hn ~r~ mat~rial3~ -It 1~ ~tlll ~ rtha~ ~in~lp~l chi e~t ~ ~h~in~ntion ~ px~ovld~ ~n app~ra~u~ ~n~ pxo~ or tin~ q~n~ y ~GA~n~ ~lb~x~ wl~h cl~y r~elt~rl~l and ~h~evlng ~u~Aae ~sl:~n~i3n o~ ~nzy~ her~o.
.. ~_ ~ r ~ ~u~th~ und~ And~ o~ ~:h~ naturs ~nd ~ act~ o~ pr~nt inv~n~i~n, ~e~en~ ~houl~ b~ had tQ ~he ~ollowin~ ds~ d deH~lpt~n/ ~lcen in ~on~ul~o~ with ~h~ ~caomp~ny~llg ~r~wlrlq~ ln wh~oh ~h~
~ark~ giv~n li~ r~r~nc3e n~lm~rAl~ ~nd wherein:
Flgur~ p~r~pQ~iv~ vi~w c~e th~ ~nk ~pp~r~tu~
o~ ng ~h~ r~ m~ri~ls contain~ ~h~r~ln o~
~h~ erxed ~mbo~merlt o~ ~he p~oqnt ln~rention~
:: - Fl~ure ~ crD~u ~eati~n~l ~nd v~ he ~pok~l memi)3~ o~ ~h~ appaxatu~ o~ p~ nt ln~ntlon 7 Fig~ a 3 16 a ~ida l~r~ ut~way ~xo~ o~i~nal ~id~ w o~ the ~zln~c ~ortion e~ th~ p~0~nt lnvQn~lon trat~ng ~he ~l~w ~ ~luid thr~ugh ~ p~ir c~ ~pok~d m~ r~ ~on~ning ~ ln ~h~ ~pparzl~uo o~ ~h~ pr~n~
lnv~n~nr~;
' ....
JL I ~g ! ~6 i ~
1 O~d~3 3 ~;215 ' - 10 -Figux~ per~pQ~ive vlew o~ ~n ~ rn~e ~bodim~rlt ~ ~h~ ~ppar~ o~ ~h~ pr~n~ ~nven~lon~
Figur~ R det~ d ~lew of ~h~ ~p~lng ln ~ l~ure ~ top ~nd par~ BW o;l~ th~
~pp~xa~u~ o~ ~ pr~ n~ inv~n~lon;
F~u~ 5~ an ~nd vl~w o~ ~he r~actox o~ ~igure Fig~lre ~ ~ a per~peativ~ vl~w of kh~ para~u~ o~
~h~ p~ n~lo~J
~ i~ur~ 7 la æ ~~? ~iew u~ ~he apparat~ ;h~s p~e~t ln~tantion illu~t~a~ the ~Elow o~ ~lu;l ~l h~u~h ~
Flgu~ 0 ~ lled ~ w ~ ~ por~ion o~ ~he ~lul~ ~ow ~hAmb~ oP ~hq ~ u~ 0~ ~h~ n~
inv~ntion;
. Fi~r~ rtiAl out~way p~p~t~v~ w o~ z~n ~ltorn~v~ mon~: o~ pp~atu~ Os~ ~;he pr~s~n~
inYen~
. Fl~ur~ 10 ~n~ 10~ ar~ vl~w~ er il~Q,r ~n~ g dl~m~ b~ n~
~ ur~ a ~a~ e~lonal ~i~e ~ w o~
Flgu~ g -In ~hi~vln~ ~ ~ulle;r unae~ ndiny o~ l:ha pr~
.; ~ r~a~erlco io mad~e now ~ ~h~ F~ w~l~h di~oa~ th~
ap~Rratu~ ~n~olv~ ln l:he pr~c~ o~ ~h~ pr~er inv~ntion~ FI~ illu~tr~t~ th~ ~;3r~rr~
dlm~n~ of ~he ~pp~rat~ 10 u~ad ln ~h~ p~Po~ o ~e p~ nt ~nv~ntion. AppA~a~u~ lo w~u:l~ gsr~ ly uom~3rl~
a ~y~ dxi~l kRn~ hEsving ~ c30nk~ 0u~ oute~ w~ll pc~tlon 14 And i!irBt~ d ~con~ and ~ortlon~ l~ and 1 ... . . .
33;Z ~5 .
tn~ n) thq w~ll portion~ ~4, 16 ~nd 1~ dQ~nlng an in~cerior x~a~ n ch~.mbe~ 2 ~ th~çwlt:hln ~ A~ ~en - ~ur~h~r ln F~GU~ all~c 12 i~ p~ovld~ wl~h A aen~ral 2~ o th~ ~Qtatlon ~ sh~ a2 imp~rt~ rota~ to ~h~ ~lber~ ineir~l~ t~nk 1~.
I,ik~wi~e ~ e~n ln ~GUR~ 2 ~nd 3, ~h~re ~
~ur~h~r provld~ ~ pluxal~y c~ mo~n~ ~or bo~h adherlng . ~ib~r ~hereb~3twa~n ~n~ ~llow~ng ~lul~ ~lo~ ~her~with~n.
~hl~ me~n~ a4, ~ s~en p~r~ ul~rly in sld~ qvi~w in ~u~ ~, omp~ 33 ~. plur ll~y o~ rA~i~tin~ ~poke~ ~6 ra~lA~lng ou~war~ o~ ~ha~ 2a ~i~h th~ :Eurth~ n~
p~rti~n~ ~8 c~ e~h o-~ ep4k'.~E~ 21~; ollpporting a ~on~nuou~
w~ll 30 ~ ~ha~ ~a~n~ 24 ~ pok~d whool ~m~mb~r wl~h ~xt~ n~l~ w~ll por~ion 30 ~nd ~po~ 2~
~o~vin~ 1:3 ~llow ~lU~d ~J ow ~ lnd~ic~t~3d by ~r~ow~ 32 th~th~ough during ~he ~o~lng pr~o~ a~er~n~ing b~k t~ UPc~ he plur~ y o~ ~pok~d whe21 m~ r~
24 ~re po~ n~ up4n ~ha~ 2 in. ~ ~aaking mRnner w;lih ~rt~in ~hi~cn~ lbrou~ ~na~iAl ~ b~t~bn sa~h ~p~ked m~mber ~ h~ th~r~ ?rov:lded within r~ ion ~hamb~ ao A ~on~lnuou~ ~iber rAac~ti~n m~ium batw~n th~ ~p~ke m~mb~r~ ~. Thl~ pro~lde~ an~
Adh~ing ~h~ ao~ing ~n~ ~uah a~ diatoms ox i~
~l~rid~ y ~o th~t b~t~ will ~dh~r~ ~h~r~to ., F~ior ~ ~h~ au~ion o~ ~ha ~atual r~a~tion th~t ~aJc~ w~hin ohar~r?~ a~ m~or'cant ~ ~ote~
~h~ ~ibro~l~ m~ri~l aon~n~d ink~xmedia~ th~
plur~ y o~ ~pok~d m~ 4 woul~ o~ t~e ~yp~ ~u~h a~ ~ ook~on or poly~t~r ~ow~lin~ in~ ~n ~bundan~e o~
ot~n~ c~ e~ ~o ~h~ lurry ~ oa~ mat~rlzll ~ul~ be adher~d ~h~r~n~ ~r~ral~lyl in tl~e ~m~odimQnt o~ th~ pro~Q~ ~or ~Ldh~ing m~or~b~ on~o ~he ~ r~ khe m~e~i~l wh~ch wcauld b~ ~o~d ~n~o ~ th~
:
~2~32~i process of coating said fibers will be discussed further) would be a diatomaceous earth material such as Dicalite 4200 manufactured by Grefco Company, or various types of similar material which are marketed under the brand names of Perlite, ~icalite, Celite, or Diatomite and generally comprising th~ompounds of sodium, potassium, aluminum silicate or silica. ~he attractiven~ss o~ using such a material is that this material consists of very small, large-surface particles wherein an attachment of organisms or catalytic metals can take place~ That is, the internal structure of this type of material is such that the organisms can adhere to the various workings of the surface area and not be washed out during the reaction process.
Following the placing of the layers of fibrous material 36 intermediate the plate members 24 in khe reaction chamber, a measured amount of~ for example Dicalite 4200 manufactured by Grefco Company, would be slurried into distilled water and the quantity allowed to be vacuumed through the chamber to soak into the fibrous materials in preparation for the reaation. The fibers inside the apparatus are then rotated so that there is a complete soaking of the Dicalite into the fibrous materials. ~lternatively, a slurry of the diatoms can be poured into the assembled reactor through the top thereof while it is rotating to entrap the diatoms in the Eibers without the use of a vacuum.
At this point, as seen in the FIGURES, there is provided an outlet valve 38 into tank portion 12 and an inlet valve 40 on the second end portion 18 of the tank portion 12. Preferably, at this point in the process, the internal tank would be sterilized with steam or the like in preparation for the introduction of organisms.
*trademarks ,~
.J!JL ~J~ i-ib 1~ Jc ti.=,~
~Ro~Es~ PP~3A~US FdR ~NHANCIN~
~IOI~BI~AI, ~ND 0H~ AL R~ ION~ FRo~
~ ,...................... . .
~h~ pro~s~ p~r~L~u~ n~ ~ n~n~l~n ~el~ to ~o~ing o~ r~ Po~ lm~ove~l ~dh~arena~ o~
mic~be~ o~ aly~.a m~tal~ nh~e ~h~mi~al r~c3~1~n~ w~n a ahomla~1 an~. ~he 3nl~o~r enzyma~ or m~al~.
It 1~ e w~ll known 11~ ~h~ ~x~ oP enh~n~lng m~l re~ lo~ hat: ~Ao~ari~, oth~ mi¢roba~ o~
~n~ wh~n ~ond.ed to lrl~3rna~ ~ur~ae~ ~uah ~ ~ib~r3 orould e~h~n~e many ~Q~ n~ ~etw~en ~. ~hamicE~ ~omp~un~
~nd ~h~ microb~ ~o ~.dh~d~ ~r exampl~, U.S. ~t~nt 3,510 ~nt~ d ~ h Sur~ac~ ~ow V~lum~ Bioma~
aompo~ U~ .n~ ~ al ~ahe~ ~h~ u~ an is~noblli~ing ml~r~b~ ~ompo~it~ ~v~ng a porou~ high , ~ . . .
. .
.:; .
... . .
.' ' ~
~ .
.
~ .-.~
~u~ area o~ orgarllo ~llpport wl~h a populatlon o~
m~arob~o bond~d to ~he ln~rn~l ~urP~ o~ th~ pores to ~nhan~ row~k~ a~ th6~ ml~ro~3eE~ on ~he lnoryani~ grow~h aompo~:Lt~ ~
I.lk~wi0~ U~ Pa~ t 4,~4glg3~ o i~u~d 'co n~ ~ al ~A~:h~ b u~ o~ ~n lln~obil~ l microb~
qom~ c:ompr~.~ing porou~ hlgh ~urfaoe ~r~ ~norganla ~u~ort h~vlng a ao~ro~ pul~ n o~ ~ungu~-liXe mi~;~o~ bon~d ~o ~he ln~rnal ~ur~ace~ o~ th~ por3~.
'rh~ ~?At~3nt iDE~U~ ;SS ~h~ ps~e~nt ~nv~nto~, U.~.
4, ~07, ~4, al~o t~ahets th~t rotat~ng ~bç~r~3 wlth b~o~ or pum~i~g a ~olu~oll ~a~ 1;h~ ~ib~r~ r~ults ln a ~t~ ion ~im~. Column ~ n~ 4 ~ ~h~o patQnt m~nkion~ ~h~ a.lu~lna lnox~eao~ th~ ~u~ac!R are~
~or at~aohm~ o~ baot~riaO D~om~ h~ap~r ~h~n ~lumina .
~ pi~e t:h~ pri~r ~ anhlng~ as:nc~r2~ing ~h~
~r~t.mant ~ r~ and m~ rial~ ~o ~nh~n~ ah~mla~l r~a~ion~ on~lnuou~ ~robl~m. ~n th~ ax~ o~au~ when ~rm~ntlng ~uç~ar aan~ ui~ ~ui~ or wood b~au~e ~lb~, e.~" ~u~r ~ fi r~ n plug ~h~ ~y~t~m.
~v~r~ wh~n ~ul~ om th~ ~u~a~ lt~ or~ eolld3 ~an~ wh~ h~ r ~4r~ n pu~ . In ~.~. P~en~ 4,153,~10, ~,149,~ an~
4, l49, 931 lt ~ o~n~ that glA~ A~ pport b~s~. HOW~V~ A~ ~e a ~ragil~
04m~nen~ elnd a ~ih~ting m~ns c~ml~t ~ u~ &d eo~ ly. ~d~ nal,ly, th~ p~ nent ~p~ ioi g~lty o~ ~h~ gl~ vç~ ~ s O .
h ~ai~ r~ty i~ A ll~ illty ~d no~ 2ln t~ Xt ha~ eI1 ~und. ~hat by ro~ln~ a~ a ~reate2 ~pe~d, a ~a~ r~a~iol~, c~ian b~ ob~lned~ q~h~ ~ae~
ro~ion ~n~ ~o ~ g~ tha ~u~po~, how~v~r I by . ',. . .
., .
.
JUL l~ f 1~: ct~ t,-,~ i "J-,` c~
.;
3 ~
~ntrl~uyAl orce . In ~.~.rg~ ~anlk~ h& ou~ klp ~pesd 1~ gr~a~r, m~king ~h~ ~rob~en~ ~Lv~n m~ aa~t~. In ~h~
num~ou~ ~mm~ial ln~i~al;~ nE~ o~ ~ot21ry hl~loglc~l aon~aotQro, ~r~ h~re ~een ~Yar~ rloua ~ha~
~Ailur~ J,R~VY ma~ri~ a~ v ~hi~ ongoln~ pro~lem.
~i~h vold ~ highly ~le~lra~le, not h~g~ hezlvy ~olid a~nt~n~ r~ d gla~ E.n~ ~ ~ord~ e~ mo~oli~h ~r~ ly ~l~pl~R~
DD ~ ' ~h~ ~x0~3~ an~ a~ hx p~ n~ inv~n~on woul~ ~o~v~ ~h~ R~ea~ ox~oming~ ln ~h~ ~r~ in a ~impla ~ ralght~orwa~d mR~n~r.
~ h~ pxo~ ompr~ h~ 3p~ o~ provlding a ~lbrou~ ~a~ n~ro~,uain~ a hl~h are~A lnorgani~ m~l3rial on th~ rou~ bA.~ b~orblnq ~he high ar~ ~nor~nlo m~k~ nt~ ~he Plb~u~ b~o~ t~ :eo~m ~ a~d ~ ou~
bAI!~ lntr~u¢~n~ ~ ~lurry o~ ml~ nz~m~ or y~iCI mllat~.l,R in~o th~ tr~ d ~ib~oll~ ba~, a~h~rlng oY qnkr~pp~ng th~ m:Lar~b0~, ~n~m~ o~ a~t~y~io m~a~
~n ~h~ qâ ~ibrou~ bR~e, ~nd aon~Aq~lng a ch~mi~l solu~lon wlth ~ho mi~ob~ n~ym~ or ~at~ly~la m~
~dh~r~d to th~ ~r~ed. ~i~roll~ ba~ o~lualng ~n ~nh~nc~d x~a~tion b~w~ h~ ~eml~ n ana ~he miorob~ n~ or oAk~ m~ . In a morq pX~ rs~L a~o~ the pro4e~s aomp~ pro~lding a x~aatlon ~hAmb~, provid;Ln~ ou~ h~æ~ hln the ahamk~, in~r~du~lng Rnd ~ u~ati51~ ~h~ ~ibrou~ b~ wl~h a ~omp~un~ wl~ln ~h~ ~ham~ low;Lng a ~c:lu~ion a~n~ining m~¢~ob~ ~h~ough ~ ur~ d ~i~r~u5 ~
the mlc~ok~ ,dhering to ~h~ a aompound. p~xtlc~l~s ~n ~h~ ~ibr~u~ ~a,Es~, provld~ng m~n~ on ~he ~ ro~ a~s ~or a~he~ng ~he miarobs~ h~ rou~ bel~e, i~lowin~ a .''`. ' .
.
~.
~UL E~ 14: c~ E,5~.B 7~ C~ c'~
~3;~1~
~olu~ hraugh ~h~ ~illoa s~ompoun~ con~ining miarob~3 ~r dev~loplng ~ xeao~ion ~l~erg~.n, an~ moYing ~he ~brou~
~a~ a~ nhan~e ~h~ ah~ ac~lon wl~h~n tho charnb~r y~ b~low t:he ra~e wh~eb5r th~ mlarob~ would n~ lony~r ad~ o ~h~ rou~ ~a~ .
'rhe app~ u~ ~omprl~e~ ~ r~a~lon Gham~p~r~ ~uppor~
n~ aontain~ ln ~h~ r~ t~on ~Amb~r ~or ~commod~tin~
a gil~ b~e m~t~r~ hr~ hou~ b~tan~ y khe ent.~rQ ~0a~ki~rl a~aml3~, a ~g~Actlon ~ Rri~l ~ur~h~r c~ompri~ing ~ .h~rirlg m~Ln~ ~n~oau~d in~o ~che r~act:i~n ~ r ~o~ a~h~arir~ Aa~ l to th~
h~rln~ higls ~o~a~ty ohar~ rl~tio~, thQ ~dh~lng ~an~
be$ng ~v~be~ or en~x~pp~d in~ ~h~ ~ibf~, ml~robe~, enzym3~ o~ ~a~ly~ m~ala a~b~r~d onto ~nd withlr~l 'ch~
~ore~ ~ th~ A~h~rlng m~r.s, ~n~ m~n~ ~o~ mo~ing ~he ~uppo~ m~an~ in~ h~ ~aoti~n ¢ham~er ~o ~h~t u~on introflu~ o~ a ~lu~ .nt~ ~h~ r~ ox~ OhElmbR~/ th~
~e~tion b~w~e~ ~h~ ~luld ~nd m~q~ob~ nzymes or c~lytia m~al~ nhAn~d, the ln~d~ hR re~ ion aham~or b~ g mov~ Al 1~ ral~ elow Whl~h ~he mi~ob~, ~n~yma~ or ~a~al~ki~ ma~a~,~ would no lony~ adher~ to ~h~
~brou~ urlng ~h~ r~A~ti~n.
~ he ~ro~ appara~uo ~an~n~ th~ ch~mla~1 xe~ion~ r ~xam~ h~ ts o~ f~m~n~atlor~ bQ~w~n miorob~ næ~m~ r ~a~alytlc m~t~l~ auntain~d wlthi~
~h~ ~p~aratu~ ~nd ~h~mi~ olu~ions rou~ed ~her~through u~ Zillg a ~l~xlhl~ ghtw~lghl; ~ ! b~ ~uppo~t me~-n~ ~ an ln~*g~nl~ ~u~?por~ a~om~) And ~rg~nia ;eib~ OOt~oll ~lk~r~) . O~h~ l;ype~ o~ ur~l o:r ~yn~h~ r~ may b~ u~ uch a~ n~ c~llulo~, nylon o~ ~aph;lte ~.bersA
~h~ a~n b~ c:o~LtQ~ wl~h n~urAl p~lyme~ ~uch a~llag~n ~ d~x~an~ lmmob~ g ~n;Lmal ~ell~ or viru~ n ~h~ Ph~c~a ~o. ~alo~ 13~, 73 .~ ~s33~
. `
~Yp~ ell~ and 1~ vl~u~ ar~ tQ~ whiqh c~n be coated on ac~llag~n; Cell~ whl;:h m~y ~ cul~ur~d in~ludQ
~idney a~ mbryo ~lbrob~ , m~c~o~; h~g~, p~n~rsa~, hepat~y~e~ ulta~y c~ amnl4~ luid ~ell~, mu~ 1 a2~ h~r~, ~n~h~ llo, ~ o~, ~mb~yonla ~ung~ ~r~kin c:ella/ ~y~n~a }c~dney, ~n~ryo ob~ nS~ rc~bl~ ~nd~r~{
~ldn~y, ~)cln ~l~ro~ , hum~n bone m~xow, humzln mon~y~ ukemi~, h~man ~or~o~in ~Down'~), hum~n n~al a~lnoma, human ~on~un~ re ~ t ~numan ll~r, hum~n ~ib~o~Axooma, ~um~n ~m~ryo Xidn~y, hum~n ~
~pp~ g~ ~um~n l~rynx ~r~inomEI~ human m~lR~oma, human ylloma, humall o~t~o~ar~omR~ hum~n or~l aa~ol m~, human ao1on ~rainDm~,, human kidney ~a~oinoma, }~um~n akin qpi~hellum, hllman synov1al ~1uid, human ~ r~ k~, human ~hy~al~ oar~inom~ mo~ d;~nEll ao~x ~umour, mou~Q n~urob1a~om~ mcu~ ~ibrobla~s, m~u~ o~
mouao m~r~p~l~g~, mou~e me1~.nom~.~, mou~e ~ osar::~mE3a, m~u~ ~lbr~ .t k~,~n~y~ r~ kidr~ r~n~:eormed, 4~ r~t ~ubGUt~ qQu~ tumour, rat ~ibro~ at h~lap~toma, rat l~iRl tumor~ r~t ~olon ~arc:inoma~ rabblt ~orne~, r~bbit ~idn~ hi~ m~s~ OVA2''y, ch~n~ h~m~
lurlg~ ~y~ian hamst~ k1dn~y, dPg epith~iAl, do~ ~idn~y, por~ine lctflney~ bovin~ k1~n~y~ ~Ol;~XQO kldn~y, mink lung, ~him,pA~z~ liv4r, ,ahim~nz~ mbrye~ lung, ~xl~an gr~n m~nk~y Jc~dn~y, ~he~u~ monk~f ki~ln~y, human/m~u~ hybrid~, human/h~m~teæ hyb~ld~, m~u~e~hamo~ hybrid~, hyb~idoma ~lon~, in~eat a~ll lin~o an~ h ~11 lln~
Y~ru~ whloh may b~ ~own in ~h~ a~ clude .~ . polio, r~b~ lla~ luenaA, ~ndJ~ nd~, rou~
~2r~0m~, herp~ dan~, ~V4Q, ~o1yom~; p~udorabi~, va~ain1a, ~oot ~n~ mou~, v~aul~r ~tom~ oup B
;; ar~oviru~ uin~ ~h~ nopn~umoniti~, b~rin~
~h~ h~iti~ an~ sndog~rlou~ ypB vlru~s, .. .
.. .
The apparatus may comprise a container tank, a central rotatable shaft mounted thersin, a plurality of spoke members radiating outward from the central shaft and a fibrous material contained between the series of spokes~ Further, in the process provided, the fibrous material is p~ferably coated with a diatomaceous earkh composite which has a density less than wat~r, such as a * *
Dicalite or Celite particles. The particles are useful for the attachment of organisms and catalytic metal such as nickel, for hydrogenation. In the case of an enzyme coating, the ~ibers may be coated with finely divided clay for surface adherence of the enzymes thereto.
Further, the tank would be flusned with a fluid for example, so that fermentation would be achieved i~ a relatively short amount of time, and the microbes adhering to the ~icalite or enzymes to clay would be more readily adhered and not washed away by the passage of the solution therethrough.
Prior to a discussion of the overall process and apparatus of the present invention, attention should be drawn to the process itself, which can be accomplished by the apparatus as illustrated in the FIGURES. In the overall process o~ the present invention, an organic or inorganic fibrous material is provided within a chamber.
The fibrou~ material should have the ability to absorb or entrap particulate materials such as diatomaceous earth, which is an amorphous mineral consisting mostly of silica having a specific gravity lower than water which is due to the granular configuration of the diatomaceous earth.
The particles have the ability to entrap microbes or the like within the interior structure of the particle.
Thus, when solution is routed therethrough, the washing away of enzymes or microbes which are essential to the *trademarks . . ,~j y ~^ . - . , . ^
3~
, .
~h~ml~al r~qklon ~a~cing place wlthi~ th~ ahamk~r ~
inhl~it~ the~b~r aa~1BV;ln~ a ~r~ Qr an~ mo~ ici~nt d~r~ c~ c~h~ia~ rq!~,C~iOn~ B~ ::RUE~ th~ ~orou~ -ch~ r~ o~ ~:h~ om~, th~ mi~robe~ o bQiroms ~n1:ra~?e~ ~nd e~en u~orl r~gorou~ ~vol~7ing o~ ~he re~'eion ah~n~r~, ~h~P mlc~r~bQ~ adh~r~ to ~he ~iatom~ on ~h~ r~ d r~c~lon ~a~ nhan~e~ .
~ n the ~v~ h~ re~ ion oha~ r woul~ ~ u~lllzed ~or ~h~ ~e~atl~n b~ en a ~c~lution p~ d th2~khrough ~nd~ ~o~ ~xam;~le~ zyme~, ~h~ di~om~c~sou~ ~arth mlght b~ un~uitabl~ ~or th~ ~h~r~n~ o~ e~ym~ th~r~o in viaw Q~ ~h~ ~a~ that the ~n~y~ne~ would no~ ~dh~e to the l~xga ~o~a~ ~ the ~la~oma u~ ~ar~h. ~h~re;eo~e, an ~m~adim2nt o~ ~h~ p~o~e~s w~uld ~nc:~ude t~qa~ng ~lB
o~g~nie~ ~b~u~ ~t~rl~l ~uo~ a~ c:Q~on o~ polye3te~ wi~h a ~olution co~t~nin~ ~in~ly divid~d ~ay, whl~h ~x th~
m~t ~ t~lly no~-porou~, ~u~ ~u~ ~u h~ving an un~en ~u~,ae ~ woul~ A~h~av~ ~h~r~n~e o~ ~he en2ymo~
4nto th~ ~ur~G~ o~ th~ ala~ an~ th~re~ore would In ~lti~n to main~;~inlng ~he Qnzyme~ adh~r~ng withln ~h~
~ib~r would ~l~o agAin ~ it~sl~ . mo~ ef1cien~
~nd ~h~r~ugh ah~miaal rea~t~on oh~ r ~ ~h~ or~, in ~h~ r~ ollnbt~ h~ trBa~m~n~ h~
~ibrou~ m~t~ri~l wl~h ~h~ om~q~o~ axth, in th~ oa~e e~r ~dh~r~ng mi~o~ therethr~ugh, ~ atin~ ~
matRrlal with ~in~ly divi~ed ~l~y ln ~hc~ ~mbodlm~nt ~or ~Qa~t~ng ~z~n~a~ ~he ~re~ ibrous ma~ria~ w~uld ~h~
h~ ~u~eat~ ~o ~ ~oluk~on ~u~h ~ rmantçr ~olll~lon wh~qby th~ ~lu~ion ~ ~s re~od ~v~ ot ~urf~q ar~
o~ ac~c~ ~a~h aon~nin~ orga~i~m~, t~u~
a~mpll~hin~ a ~p~adl~r ~nd mox~ n~ ~ea~ n.
~ik~ , in ~he u~ o~ ~nzy~e~, ~;h~ m~ ~t~p in ~h~
proo~ wol~ld b~ elcaompli~h~.
, ., , ,, .
, 3~
8;
In or~r ~o anh~nc@ ~hq o~xall p~ h~ ~lb~oua mat~rial~ would be pc~i~lona~ b~tw~en plAte~ ~r the l~k~
~nd rot~t~d ~ ~h~ r~at~r ~ with th~ ~u~c~
~r~a oi~ ~h~ m~er~E~l and t~ rc3a~tant 0sl~10n woul~ b~
un~ ak~n in ~h~ pro~s~
~ h~ r~i~ n ob~ eo~ oP ~h~ pre~nt lnvention ~o provld~ ~ prQ~ or ~oa~ing ~i~r~u~ m21teri~1 ~o~
~nhanain~ ~h~mi~l r~ lon~ b~w~en org~ni~m~ ~u~h..aa ~at~ria ~n~ ~lu~ion~ c~mln~ lnto a~n~Rc~ w~th th~
a~nl~m~ .
h~ ~b~k o~ ~h~ n~ n~ion ~rovld~a a p~oo~oo ~r ~o~ing ~ibr~u~ m~erl~l~ with a aoa~lng f~ ~nhanc::~ng ~men~tlon b~ween org~ni~m~ auoh a~ ye~ and a ~rmantar ~lutl~n s;:3min~ ln ~nt:a~t wi~h the or~anl~m~.
ur~h~r ob~ ea~ o~ ~he pre~nt invention to pru~,ridu ~ pr~a~ d appa~tu~ o~ r~a¢tin~ argani~m~
Aæhq~d to ~ ~ib~c~u~ bAs~ ~helt h~ e~n t~qA~d to prev~nk wa~hlng ~wn~,~ o~ th~ ml~ro~e~ wh~n ~ ~olutlon i~
run ~h~ou~h the ~h~r~ ~o ~nh~nc:a ~ ah~ml~1 r~ n~
a ~url:h~ o~Jeo~ o~ t~n~ pr~nt inveJlt1on ~o provl~ a pro~ to ~nhe~nqe ah~mi~ AC~ P
pxollrldln~ ~ ~alnblnation o~ ~n ~r~RIlio ~nd inor~nl~
~uppo~t ba~ ~or adheren~ mi~ob~ ~o ~h~ ~u~?por~
~ e Qikh~r b~ ~ur~a0 ~dh~nqe or by adher~n~ in ~h~
p~ o~ a ~omponen~ o:~ th~ ~u~ox~ lo~
It i~ u~the~ a~t o~ th~ qn~
~n~qn~l~n ~ p~ e ~n appa~tu~ ~h~r~in ~ibrou~
ma~Qrlal coat~ wikh a dl~omao~ou~ ~a~h aompound i~
o ~h~ 3 adh~n~ rg~ m~ ~u~h ~ ~a~
or ~h~ t:h~x~o durin~ th~ ~r~c:e~ o~ ~u~ln~
on through ~ ~pp~r~u~ ~o ~ohi~ An o~going ~u~tainin~ ah~mi~A~ n.
..ILIL ~J~ i_ib ~ J l~ J_~
~L2~3~1~
u~her o~ Ra~ of ~ ~he prQ~ent ln~ n~lon t~ provl~ a prot~ 8 ~n~. ap~ u~ to be~ter a~h~x~ t~r~a ~o ~b~E~ ~n~ p~ nt G~ll wa~h ou~
by k~ppi~g ~h~ b~,~tnria ln ~h~ innQX~ xea~ s ~ ~he ~ioeLtlr~g on th~ ~b~r.
a ~xth~ ob~e~i~ o~ th~ pr~ tnv~ntlon to ~ro~tid~ ~ ~ur~ pon whioh ~ c)rg~ni~mo or m~tal~ a~n a~h~r~ ~o m~ra r~a~ whioh h~ ~ sllght rl~g~lv2 cha~gs pro~
I~ tlll a ~u2~h~ ob~u~ o~ ~h~ pre~nt inven~n ~ ~rovi~e ~ pp~a~u~ ~o~ ~dh~r~n~ ~rg~n~m~
o~ qn~m~ wi~hin khe ap~ u~ r~du~ o~t o~e~
~r~nt l~'tatQ t~ ~hn ~r~ mat~rial3~ -It 1~ ~tlll ~ rtha~ ~in~lp~l chi e~t ~ ~h~in~ntion ~ px~ovld~ ~n app~ra~u~ ~n~ pxo~ or tin~ q~n~ y ~GA~n~ ~lb~x~ wl~h cl~y r~elt~rl~l and ~h~evlng ~u~Aae ~sl:~n~i3n o~ ~nzy~ her~o.
.. ~_ ~ r ~ ~u~th~ und~ And~ o~ ~:h~ naturs ~nd ~ act~ o~ pr~nt inv~n~i~n, ~e~en~ ~houl~ b~ had tQ ~he ~ollowin~ ds~ d deH~lpt~n/ ~lcen in ~on~ul~o~ with ~h~ ~caomp~ny~llg ~r~wlrlq~ ln wh~oh ~h~
~ark~ giv~n li~ r~r~nc3e n~lm~rAl~ ~nd wherein:
Flgur~ p~r~pQ~iv~ vi~w c~e th~ ~nk ~pp~r~tu~
o~ ng ~h~ r~ m~ri~ls contain~ ~h~r~ln o~
~h~ erxed ~mbo~merlt o~ ~he p~oqnt ln~rention~
:: - Fl~ure ~ crD~u ~eati~n~l ~nd v~ he ~pok~l memi)3~ o~ ~h~ appaxatu~ o~ p~ nt ln~ntlon 7 Fig~ a 3 16 a ~ida l~r~ ut~way ~xo~ o~i~nal ~id~ w o~ the ~zln~c ~ortion e~ th~ p~0~nt lnvQn~lon trat~ng ~he ~l~w ~ ~luid thr~ugh ~ p~ir c~ ~pok~d m~ r~ ~on~ning ~ ln ~h~ ~pparzl~uo o~ ~h~ pr~n~
lnv~n~nr~;
' ....
JL I ~g ! ~6 i ~
1 O~d~3 3 ~;215 ' - 10 -Figux~ per~pQ~ive vlew o~ ~n ~ rn~e ~bodim~rlt ~ ~h~ ~ppar~ o~ ~h~ pr~n~ ~nven~lon~
Figur~ R det~ d ~lew of ~h~ ~p~lng ln ~ l~ure ~ top ~nd par~ BW o;l~ th~
~pp~xa~u~ o~ ~ pr~ n~ inv~n~lon;
F~u~ 5~ an ~nd vl~w o~ ~he r~actox o~ ~igure Fig~lre ~ ~ a per~peativ~ vl~w of kh~ para~u~ o~
~h~ p~ n~lo~J
~ i~ur~ 7 la æ ~~? ~iew u~ ~he apparat~ ;h~s p~e~t ln~tantion illu~t~a~ the ~Elow o~ ~lu;l ~l h~u~h ~
Flgu~ 0 ~ lled ~ w ~ ~ por~ion o~ ~he ~lul~ ~ow ~hAmb~ oP ~hq ~ u~ 0~ ~h~ n~
inv~ntion;
. Fi~r~ rtiAl out~way p~p~t~v~ w o~ z~n ~ltorn~v~ mon~: o~ pp~atu~ Os~ ~;he pr~s~n~
inYen~
. Fl~ur~ 10 ~n~ 10~ ar~ vl~w~ er il~Q,r ~n~ g dl~m~ b~ n~
~ ur~ a ~a~ e~lonal ~i~e ~ w o~
Flgu~ g -In ~hi~vln~ ~ ~ulle;r unae~ ndiny o~ l:ha pr~
.; ~ r~a~erlco io mad~e now ~ ~h~ F~ w~l~h di~oa~ th~
ap~Rratu~ ~n~olv~ ln l:he pr~c~ o~ ~h~ pr~er inv~ntion~ FI~ illu~tr~t~ th~ ~;3r~rr~
dlm~n~ of ~he ~pp~rat~ 10 u~ad ln ~h~ p~Po~ o ~e p~ nt ~nv~ntion. AppA~a~u~ lo w~u:l~ gsr~ ly uom~3rl~
a ~y~ dxi~l kRn~ hEsving ~ c30nk~ 0u~ oute~ w~ll pc~tlon 14 And i!irBt~ d ~con~ and ~ortlon~ l~ and 1 ... . . .
33;Z ~5 .
tn~ n) thq w~ll portion~ ~4, 16 ~nd 1~ dQ~nlng an in~cerior x~a~ n ch~.mbe~ 2 ~ th~çwlt:hln ~ A~ ~en - ~ur~h~r ln F~GU~ all~c 12 i~ p~ovld~ wl~h A aen~ral 2~ o th~ ~Qtatlon ~ sh~ a2 imp~rt~ rota~ to ~h~ ~lber~ ineir~l~ t~nk 1~.
I,ik~wi~e ~ e~n ln ~GUR~ 2 ~nd 3, ~h~re ~
~ur~h~r provld~ ~ pluxal~y c~ mo~n~ ~or bo~h adherlng . ~ib~r ~hereb~3twa~n ~n~ ~llow~ng ~lul~ ~lo~ ~her~with~n.
~hl~ me~n~ a4, ~ s~en p~r~ ul~rly in sld~ qvi~w in ~u~ ~, omp~ 33 ~. plur ll~y o~ rA~i~tin~ ~poke~ ~6 ra~lA~lng ou~war~ o~ ~ha~ 2a ~i~h th~ :Eurth~ n~
p~rti~n~ ~8 c~ e~h o-~ ep4k'.~E~ 21~; ollpporting a ~on~nuou~
w~ll 30 ~ ~ha~ ~a~n~ 24 ~ pok~d whool ~m~mb~r wl~h ~xt~ n~l~ w~ll por~ion 30 ~nd ~po~ 2~
~o~vin~ 1:3 ~llow ~lU~d ~J ow ~ lnd~ic~t~3d by ~r~ow~ 32 th~th~ough during ~he ~o~lng pr~o~ a~er~n~ing b~k t~ UPc~ he plur~ y o~ ~pok~d whe21 m~ r~
24 ~re po~ n~ up4n ~ha~ 2 in. ~ ~aaking mRnner w;lih ~rt~in ~hi~cn~ lbrou~ ~na~iAl ~ b~t~bn sa~h ~p~ked m~mber ~ h~ th~r~ ?rov:lded within r~ ion ~hamb~ ao A ~on~lnuou~ ~iber rAac~ti~n m~ium batw~n th~ ~p~ke m~mb~r~ ~. Thl~ pro~lde~ an~
Adh~ing ~h~ ao~ing ~n~ ~uah a~ diatoms ox i~
~l~rid~ y ~o th~t b~t~ will ~dh~r~ ~h~r~to ., F~ior ~ ~h~ au~ion o~ ~ha ~atual r~a~tion th~t ~aJc~ w~hin ohar~r?~ a~ m~or'cant ~ ~ote~
~h~ ~ibro~l~ m~ri~l aon~n~d ink~xmedia~ th~
plur~ y o~ ~pok~d m~ 4 woul~ o~ t~e ~yp~ ~u~h a~ ~ ook~on or poly~t~r ~ow~lin~ in~ ~n ~bundan~e o~
ot~n~ c~ e~ ~o ~h~ lurry ~ oa~ mat~rlzll ~ul~ be adher~d ~h~r~n~ ~r~ral~lyl in tl~e ~m~odimQnt o~ th~ pro~Q~ ~or ~Ldh~ing m~or~b~ on~o ~he ~ r~ khe m~e~i~l wh~ch wcauld b~ ~o~d ~n~o ~ th~
:
~2~32~i process of coating said fibers will be discussed further) would be a diatomaceous earth material such as Dicalite 4200 manufactured by Grefco Company, or various types of similar material which are marketed under the brand names of Perlite, ~icalite, Celite, or Diatomite and generally comprising th~ompounds of sodium, potassium, aluminum silicate or silica. ~he attractiven~ss o~ using such a material is that this material consists of very small, large-surface particles wherein an attachment of organisms or catalytic metals can take place~ That is, the internal structure of this type of material is such that the organisms can adhere to the various workings of the surface area and not be washed out during the reaction process.
Following the placing of the layers of fibrous material 36 intermediate the plate members 24 in khe reaction chamber, a measured amount of~ for example Dicalite 4200 manufactured by Grefco Company, would be slurried into distilled water and the quantity allowed to be vacuumed through the chamber to soak into the fibrous materials in preparation for the reaation. The fibers inside the apparatus are then rotated so that there is a complete soaking of the Dicalite into the fibrous materials. ~lternatively, a slurry of the diatoms can be poured into the assembled reactor through the top thereof while it is rotating to entrap the diatoms in the Eibers without the use of a vacuum.
At this point, as seen in the FIGURES, there is provided an outlet valve 38 into tank portion 12 and an inlet valve 40 on the second end portion 18 of the tank portion 12. Preferably, at this point in the process, the internal tank would be sterilized with steam or the like in preparation for the introduction of organisms.
*trademarks ,~
.J!JL ~J~ i-ib 1~ Jc ti.=,~
3;~
~ 13 --In another e~nbodim~nt ~ehQ ~ r o~ ~he ~hanlbe~
eaa~ om th~ ~nd po~t~on 18 t~ward th~ ~nd portlon ~ æo t:ha~ ~h~ ~lUld i~ expo~ to mor~ ~ur~a~ arça a~
lt mo~ th~o1l~h ~h~ rs~at~.
~ or p~o~o ~Q~ io~s ~ ligh~ ~ wou~ ~hln~ th~ou~h w12~dow ~3~ an~o~ obl~ ~ac~ion~ ~u~h ~ penlcilllr~
produ~tion ~ir woul~ b5~ ~p~rg~d ~n ~hrough ~r~lv~ 40 .
~om~ alllm~ii c~ a~ ~h~r ~Qr~ o bur~tlng bub~
~o 'che ~c:tor ~n 1~e ~un hal~ ~11 and a~x p~e~
~hrou~h th~ ~p in~aa ~ ~parg~ ln th~ bottom.
Fc~11owin~ ~h~ pr~ a~ion o~ thf~ tan3c, c~ga~i~m~
~u~h u~ ~a~rl~, art3 ~h~n ~ump~d in~o th~ t~nk ~y ln~ul~ln~ o~: ~n~uba~ing ELn~ ~e~t~ng ~y mbt:hod~ w~ll l~nown ~o ~h~e ~ Qa ln the ~r~ A~ wa~
eArlior~ the mi~xob~0 wlll At~aoh ~hQm~elve~ to the variou~ ~x~n~ o~ in~riaaka ~ur~e ~rea o~ ~h~
indi~due~l i~lite partl~le~, ~nd wlll lnor~a~ th~
~h~lon ~ khq m~crob~ onto ~:h~ ~a~icl~
~oll~wing thi~ p~ocedu~, the ~n~ ls ~d~ to e th~ ~lu~d m~dlum, ~op~n~in~ on ~h~ type o~
rQRa~ion on eq~cin~, anA a ~rez~t ina~ea~ ln r~oki~n r~e 15 no~d durlng the ~low O:e th~ ~luld m~ um ~hrough ~h~ ~ankO It ~h~uld b~ ~ot:~; ao ~n ~n ~I~UREg 2 ~r~d 3~ th~ du~ing tho operation~ ali~ or ~el~t~ ~lu~ry would sn~r ta~ .2 ~d b~ Ab~o~A ~twean ~p~}c~
into ~lbx ou~ ma~rl~l 3 ~ . ~h~ ~p~k~ ~ 6 ~hiah ar~ hollow woulfl ~llow ~ vaouum ~pplie~ thro~0h ~ha~t 2a to ~r~w the ~luid th~uç~h ~b~x ~ h~ ~ib~r 3~ i~ held in ~ition tl~h~ a~ains~ lpl~XBlE3 ;!~i ad-l~c~nt th~ ~ha~t.
Foll~wlng t:hQ arawir,~ ~ th~ olu~ry~ the ~nk W~uld ~h~n b~ ~te~ d an~ pro~ed ~o pe~rm ~ n~a~lcn or oths~ ~o~ b~ ~no~ul~ing, ~n~uba~lng ana r~a~lng by me~hQ~# w;~ll kn~n to ~ho~ th~ The ~I LIL G~ ' &JI~. i 4 ~ c~
~33~
..
;..
~h~ m~m~er a~ iB kh~n ~urn~ ul~bls revolu~ion~
~r minut:~., A~h~ n ~n b~ me~r~d a~co~dlngly.
F~u~ llu~r~e~ ln FI~UR~ ~, th~ ~low o~
~luld ~ ln~i4at~ by ~r~ow~e ~ t;h~ough iber 36 an~l ~n~o . ~en~r~l Rha~ m~ r 22 ~ ~h~ vaouu~ pl~ed on ~ha ~pparatu~ ~r~llin~ ~h~ ~io~ lu~ry in~ the i!~lppAr~ U13 an~ ~oatlng the ~ber lay~r 36 in th~ proc~
~ n c~ he ~upp~rt ~ be~om~ ~logg~ wi~;:h gane ~lb~r~ durln~ ~erm~n~ion o~ ~ug~ ~ane, alr oan b~
blown thr~ugh ~n kh~ opposit~ dl~tion, ~en~l~g th~
~upport ~b~rf3 ~na di~ ing ~h~ c~n~ ~iba~.
A~ n ~n ~I~U~E 4, ~n ~ddltl~nRl c~odimf~nlc, th~r~
i~ provi~d ~ ~Abl~ 3 ~ ~ool~lon~ad next ~o a t~nk 41~ A
~er ~h~t (n~ UE~At~ ) 18 pl~a~ on th~ ~op porti~n ~ tabl~ 32A ~o ~ to ~ov~r ~ol~ 33 a~ n ln ~h~ F~GU~. A ~ uum is ~ppl~ h~ough ext~rn~l pip~
mem~q~: 3~ ~nd a 31ur~y 3:e Dl~ a o~ C~ h~n pu~npa~ ontc~ ~h~ ~lbçr an~ th~ Vi~a~lt~ ~r ~ Q 1~
~u~k~d 1 the ~ v~ ~h~ v~uum elnd out o:e p~p~ 34 thu~ n~ ~e :Eibex wi~h th~ ~lc~ o~ Cql~e l~y~r~ .
Tb~ r th~n :L~ p~ ov~ ~h~ ~dg~ 35 wlth ~he~L
lrldividuRl lay~r ~ ~ib~ou~ m~t~rial th~n ~r~xl~ppin~
w;lx~ mambax ~ n~ 42-E~ c~nt~in~ ln ~nk 41 and the ~lb~r 4~ th~ t~pl~ t~ wi~ via ~t~plas ~n~
all~w~d to ~11 in~ ~h~ ~n}~ Thl~ pXOC~Bl~ 3 would in~lud~ A mul~ltude ~ ar r3he~ rrAng~d ~hiF~ way ~o ~h~t ~r~ 1~ px~ ally A oon~in~u~ l~y~ o~ ~ib~ouo mat~ri~l con~in~d ln ~h~3 t~nk h~n~ln~ ~rom ~h~
individ~ o~ mem~ . Px~e~ly~ llowln~ t~hi~
p~Oel6~E33~ 44 Wc3u~ then 1~ alo~d e.nd ~al~A and ~he ~nk wo~l~ th~n b~ riliz~d~ A ~olu~lon ~on~alning or~an~m~ woul~ th~n bl3 pumE~ in ~o ~ompl~t~ ~he p~o~ aipxo~ting m~or ~not æhown~ woul~l ~ull 33Z-~
15 ~
~he rod 45 whiah woul~ ~h~3n ~aUE3~ t;he ~ r?~ to mc~v~ 80 th~ ~pr~ng me~ 4~ would th~n pull lt ~aal~ 'co ~o~l~clon. ~o~ 45 woul~ ~ provided with a ~lexlble ao~ ing ~4 pr~3v~n~ nt~mina~ion in ~h~ r~ct~r. I~ has bA~n ~ ha~ wh~n d~A~n~ r~ m~ in d~ t4 0nt~ A ~l~r ~3arat~on ~ur~ th~ wln~
~impl~ a~p~ u~ to ~a~ompll~ ~hi~. ~rhar~ a~:e :~ou~ ~lidin~ ~ar~ 4~-A~ 4g~, ,8~ n~ 44~ h~ lower ba~ 4~q~ ~nA 48~B a~ ~t~a~h~d ~o lowe~ w~ re 42-A. A
pull~y 4~ ~ th~ ~ndl o~ ~ld ~nk 41 ~n~mi~ mo~on in ono ~ir~3~bion tP mo~ n lx~ ~ho oppo~l~e d~c~ion ~o ~h~
~op wir~ ~2~ n ~prlng ~B i~ 3x~f~nd~ lt ~h~ U~
th~ top wl~ AC~ hi~ h~ok ~nd ~o~th mov~msnt wou~a aau~ ~h~ ~r~ni~m~ whioh ~r~ at~ch~d to th~
omaceou~ ~r~h or o~her ma~a~l to mov~ h~ a more ~omplete an~ e~ nt r~aqtian o~ the oxgAn~m~
wl~h khe ~lution woul~ ~ake pl~a~. ~n th~ ~ent ga~
~ra ~volv~ kh~ ~a~ oul~ ~hen e~cAp~ thr~ugh ~ vc~t ~0~ th~ ~ov~r. In ~h~ ~ren~ th~ ~n or~ni~m ~u~h al~ e~ t~ wo~ld ~e uklllz~d, lld. ~4 ~ould provided wi~h wln~w~ ox ~ lik~ ~o ~llaw llgh~ ~o 8rlt~
~h~ ala~d ~onta~.n~ during ~h~ r~at~on prc~s~ t~
Q~ h~ pr~ , Al~, thq~ p~ov~d~
m~ns ~er ~ollea~in~ ~ny mak~ri~ uah ~ r~ or th~
~X~t w~ioh w~lld ~A~ rs~ th~ ~lbrou~ m~rial~.
~r~w c~mr~y~r ~oc would b~ p~ovld~d ~o wl~hdr~w th~
dropping3 ~r~m ~ha ~oll~tor ~in, ~ vibr~or ~o~ b~
p~l~ ln thro~ th~ ~op ~o ~er~d th~ uppor~, to d~Elodgs ~ny ~Ane ;el~q~ whi~h ~oul~ ~log tha ~nln~.
In ~noth~ ~mbodim~nt ~e~n~ 41 1~ d~per ~ ~h~ ~luid a~ n~ h~ ~ui~ m~ u~a~ a~a~
i~ mov~ ~h~ough the tan~
, .
~, ' . ' ' .
JUL. L~ ','.6 14: 34 ~ h' , ~J~-c~ c~
.
~ n ~h~ ~mbodiment, ~ illu~tr~ed in ~igura~ 6-8, ~ouble~ W~ A~ES 51 h~.ving ~ plurall~y ~$ por~ 52 ther}3~:hr~ h would be ~v~ wi'ch ~ ~iber ~he~t Sl~
a~ain ~n a ~imi:L~r tank 5~i ~ vaouum w~uld ~hen be appll~d through ou~ lln~ 53 ln th~ t~nk w~lch would ~h~n pull ~h~ or C~lite m~te~ial into tEln}c BO
and wvul~ kh~ .b~ 51A ~n th~ proc~sE~. ~h~r~ would..
px~i~sd ~ in val~ ~4 wh~h w~u~A ~raln tha ~allk o~ th~ ~ a~ e ~luxry ~nd ~c3ver 55 would th~n be ~lo~ed. Fo~ owing ~t~r~ n o~ tan~ 50~ o~g~ni~m~
w~ul~l b~ ~dmikt~a ~ n~o t~nk ~0 and t~ ganl~m~ would ~tA~h ~em~lv~ ~o ~ibQ~ ~lA. Th~ t~n~ ~nd ~ r with ~h~ te~ ox~ni~m~ wou~d ~;h~n be prsp~red ~r 1ntx~u~tlo~ Qi~ ~he :eluld m~ium ~ be t~ate~. The :~lu.tfl medlum would ~ ~ump~d in ~h~ h Ya~ 54 ~nd ~u~
t~ough ~ra~ve ~B ~t a op~ guat belc~w ~hRt ~ whloh l;he Q~anl~m~ or l~ e w~u~d no ~ tg~r ~lher~ ~o ~h~
flb~r. Ux~ th~ o~her em~ imQn~ hare would be ~ur~h~r pro~ d ~ ven~ VAlV~ in the ~orn~r (no~
illu~trAt~d) w~i~h woul~l b~ u~ r~ Ally o~
g~e~ ~e~m~d in ~h~ proc~ 0~ aour~ cr khf~ remov~L
~ ih~r~, en~ pla~e 57 s;~vul~ bQ opan~, Again, 1~ an orgarli~m ~u~h ~ al~a~ w~uld be growrl, ~id 55 ~ould h~sre A ~r~nspa2;~Qrl~ po~ti~n ~or ~dmi~ g li~h~ int4 th~
r~tor~
oU2~ th~r a~xlll2try eçruipm~ aould b~
utili~d by tho~ illsd in th~ f~r e~Lmp~ p~
m~ers and. oxy~n :Eo~ A~obi~ raa~;:tion~. For ~n~mA
0~ A1~Q~ CC1~ AB m~h~ bl3 n~eR~ y~ Wi~
~ox ~a~eou~ ~a~ions ~uch ;~ hydrog~n~ n~, ca~ly~1 n~k~l or oth~r m~alo ~n b~ ~a~ed ~n ~h~ high ar~
~i~Alit~ or Celi~. V~T1A~1Um 1~ u~ed ~ mak~ ~ulfuri~
and p~o~phor$~ ld 1~ u~d in ~ e~ol~um ~3~5 in~u~t~y. P~ um ~nd pR~,~a~.lum a~e U~Q~I in au~omol~lle ~a~alytl~ ~oJ~ rterE~, ~u~ ogramla monollths ar~ ~xp~n~lv~
an~ æ h~re a hlg~ pr~3~ur~ dre)p~ B~ ~ntrappln~
dlatom~ ~ ~ c~ramlu ~ r~, ~h~y ~ ep~a~ed and pr2~sur~ ~o~ o~ ~h~ ~lu~.~ pa~ln~ ~h~ugh i~ redu~ed.
M~tal plat~ng ~ho~ ara well known.
FIGURE8 7~8 ~imply lllu~ t~ th~ ~low o~ th~
~l~calit~ ma~rl~ ie v~uum~ throuqh ~he A~parai:u~, wl~h kh~ alit~ ma~lz~l ~lowiny through and ~ound the ~oubl~3 wa~l pa~t~ n~ ha~ring th~ ~llt~r m~ta~ln:L th~r~on, an~ ~hl~Y1ng a t;:omplstn ab orp~ion o~
th~ A1~ n l:h~ ~ibrou~ m~rl~ n pr0pa~ 0n ~or th~ trodu~t~ot~ o~ ~h~ m~dlum to b~ ~eat~d.
FI~R~ g~ ra~ in an ~lt~n~te em~o~im~nk ~ ~ha ~ank Appara~u~ ~ th~ nt ~n~en~i~n s~Al:ad ~y ~ank ~0~ ;e ~h~ ~Qvlous ~m~d~men~a, t~nk 30 woul~ h~v~ an inl~t l~ne 32 ~or th~ r~du~lon o:e ~ Dit:lAlite o~ C~ m~erl~ n ~om~ dla~cm~ would b~com~ ent~pp~d ~n kh~ ~lbar~
b~ ~lurryin~. Th~re would Xur~h~ pro~de~ a r~ta~a~1~ a~ Al 0he~ m~nh~ 9~ whl~h wauld. h~
r~atan~ul~ ~n ~:hap~, wlt~h a plur~l1ty c~ p~a~e m~ r~
~8 Wi~h a thl~}~n~ ibrou~ ma~erizll~ 5~ ~h~rebetw~en ~o ~oxm ~ c~n~lnu~u~ ~b~or~ion l~y-~ ao~alnQA within t~nk gO. ~g~ln~ like in th4 pX13Vi~U8 am~4~ment~
~oll~w~n~ th~ aompl~ orp~ion o~ ~h~ ali~ ~nto th~ ~lber~, th~ l:ank c~oul~ erill~ed ~nd in p~epar~tion ~o~ in~odu~ion ~ k~ ~olu~ o ~
d. I~lk~w~e, the~ ou~ a pro~rlded ~ ~ren~ v~lve 190 fo~ ~ænkln~ o~ ~r y Q~ yl~,5q!0 ~p~ndt~g orl ~h~ typ~ D~
~a~tions t~k~ng ~l~oe wi~hln ~he ~h~mb~r o~ tanlc ~0.
D~tam~ ao~ o ~ auum~ in~o ~he ~ rf3 in filt~ o~ FI~UR~ lO ~nd 11 ~nd ~h~n ~h~ ~.he~ would ~?3~15 stapled to a screen and inserted into tank 90. The fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporim can decolorize pulp mill effluent and degra~e chlorine compounds.
Lactobacillus can produce lactic acid from glucose.
EXAMPLE 1 ~
Circles of cotton-polyester toweling from Sears Roebuck were cut l 3/4 inches in diameter and put in a small Buchner funnel. A teaspoon of Dicalite 4200 rom Grefco was slurred in about 200 ml o~ distilled water and a small amount poured on the towel with vacuum from below which entrapped the Dicalite into the fibers. A hole was punched in the middle of the towel circle and was put on a l/4 inch threaded rod, alternating with a circle of stiff polyester, Reemay 2033 from DuPont. Three inches of these circles were put on and the rotor was inserted into a tube with an inlet and outlet and the tube was slanted into a water bath held at 33C. The tube was sterilized, inoculated with a culture with the following aomposition - lactose hydrate 50 g/l, peptone 5 g/l, yeast extraat 3 g/l and malt extract 3 g/l. The yeast Kluvveromvces fragilis was grown by methods w211 known to those skillad in the art. For about th.irty hours the fibers were rotated at 36 rpm to grow the yeast and attach to the fibers. During this 30 hours medium was fed in one end and out the other end at the rate of loO
ml per hour. Then the ayitator was turned off and the fermenter was flushed with four times its volume of fresh medium, so as to end up with essentially unreacted sugar in the fQrmenter. The agitator was turned on and in only minutes vigorous evolution of C02 was observed.
*trademark 32i5 Example 1 was repeated except no Dicalite was put on the fibers. It took longer ~or COz gas to evolve and it was not as vigorous as in Example 1.
EXAMPLE 3~
Example 1 was repeated except instead of the yeast K. fraqilis, the bacterium Zymomonas mobilis was used and the sugar was sucrose. Medium was KH2P04, (NH4)2S04, MgSO4, and yeast extrack similar to that in U.S. Patent 4,407,954, Col. 3, line 65. Vigorous evolution of C02 occurred in 2 minutes.
EXAMP~E 4 Example 3 was repeated except no Dicalite was put on the fiber. Evolution of C02 took more than 2 minutes and was not as vigorous as in Example 3.
E~~
A one day old nutrient, broth culture o~ Pseudomonas fluorescens obtained from the American T~pe Culture Collection was diluted with an equal volume of nutrient broth culture. Dicalite 4200 from the Grefco Co. was entrapped in Orlon and Dacron fibers and they were sterilized and suspended in the culture and incubated at 30C for 2 days. By visual inspection, it could be seen that there were many organisms immobilized.
Pseudomonads remove metals from wastewater and decompose chlorine compounds. With more organisms immobilized these reactions should be faster.
The fungus Phanerochaete chrysos~orium degrades chlorine compounds and lignin and decolorizes pulp mill effluent. It grows well on polyester.
*trademarks ' ~, JUL 11~ ,-JI~ i~ ;, IJ.J ~ "_, - 2~ -I~s.at~be.alllu~ Rl~o grow~ on poly~ r ~nd can b~
u~d to mak~ y~qUrt ~r l~ a~
~ xRn~h~ ri~ ~n b~ grown ~n dia~oms~ ~130 2~lu~ An~ r~pto~Y~ aYi~
~iot~h ~,r. ;e~o~ng, ~ g~7 g~ ~n~ ~3~- a4ïl3 .
~ 13 --In another e~nbodim~nt ~ehQ ~ r o~ ~he ~hanlbe~
eaa~ om th~ ~nd po~t~on 18 t~ward th~ ~nd portlon ~ æo t:ha~ ~h~ ~lUld i~ expo~ to mor~ ~ur~a~ arça a~
lt mo~ th~o1l~h ~h~ rs~at~.
~ or p~o~o ~Q~ io~s ~ ligh~ ~ wou~ ~hln~ th~ou~h w12~dow ~3~ an~o~ obl~ ~ac~ion~ ~u~h ~ penlcilllr~
produ~tion ~ir woul~ b5~ ~p~rg~d ~n ~hrough ~r~lv~ 40 .
~om~ alllm~ii c~ a~ ~h~r ~Qr~ o bur~tlng bub~
~o 'che ~c:tor ~n 1~e ~un hal~ ~11 and a~x p~e~
~hrou~h th~ ~p in~aa ~ ~parg~ ln th~ bottom.
Fc~11owin~ ~h~ pr~ a~ion o~ thf~ tan3c, c~ga~i~m~
~u~h u~ ~a~rl~, art3 ~h~n ~ump~d in~o th~ t~nk ~y ln~ul~ln~ o~: ~n~uba~ing ELn~ ~e~t~ng ~y mbt:hod~ w~ll l~nown ~o ~h~e ~ Qa ln the ~r~ A~ wa~
eArlior~ the mi~xob~0 wlll At~aoh ~hQm~elve~ to the variou~ ~x~n~ o~ in~riaaka ~ur~e ~rea o~ ~h~
indi~due~l i~lite partl~le~, ~nd wlll lnor~a~ th~
~h~lon ~ khq m~crob~ onto ~:h~ ~a~icl~
~oll~wing thi~ p~ocedu~, the ~n~ ls ~d~ to e th~ ~lu~d m~dlum, ~op~n~in~ on ~h~ type o~
rQRa~ion on eq~cin~, anA a ~rez~t ina~ea~ ln r~oki~n r~e 15 no~d durlng the ~low O:e th~ ~luld m~ um ~hrough ~h~ ~ankO It ~h~uld b~ ~ot:~; ao ~n ~n ~I~UREg 2 ~r~d 3~ th~ du~ing tho operation~ ali~ or ~el~t~ ~lu~ry would sn~r ta~ .2 ~d b~ Ab~o~A ~twean ~p~}c~
into ~lbx ou~ ma~rl~l 3 ~ . ~h~ ~p~k~ ~ 6 ~hiah ar~ hollow woulfl ~llow ~ vaouum ~pplie~ thro~0h ~ha~t 2a to ~r~w the ~luid th~uç~h ~b~x ~ h~ ~ib~r 3~ i~ held in ~ition tl~h~ a~ains~ lpl~XBlE3 ;!~i ad-l~c~nt th~ ~ha~t.
Foll~wlng t:hQ arawir,~ ~ th~ olu~ry~ the ~nk W~uld ~h~n b~ ~te~ d an~ pro~ed ~o pe~rm ~ n~a~lcn or oths~ ~o~ b~ ~no~ul~ing, ~n~uba~lng ana r~a~lng by me~hQ~# w;~ll kn~n to ~ho~ th~ The ~I LIL G~ ' &JI~. i 4 ~ c~
~33~
..
;..
~h~ m~m~er a~ iB kh~n ~urn~ ul~bls revolu~ion~
~r minut:~., A~h~ n ~n b~ me~r~d a~co~dlngly.
F~u~ llu~r~e~ ln FI~UR~ ~, th~ ~low o~
~luld ~ ln~i4at~ by ~r~ow~e ~ t;h~ough iber 36 an~l ~n~o . ~en~r~l Rha~ m~ r 22 ~ ~h~ vaouu~ pl~ed on ~ha ~pparatu~ ~r~llin~ ~h~ ~io~ lu~ry in~ the i!~lppAr~ U13 an~ ~oatlng the ~ber lay~r 36 in th~ proc~
~ n c~ he ~upp~rt ~ be~om~ ~logg~ wi~;:h gane ~lb~r~ durln~ ~erm~n~ion o~ ~ug~ ~ane, alr oan b~
blown thr~ugh ~n kh~ opposit~ dl~tion, ~en~l~g th~
~upport ~b~rf3 ~na di~ ing ~h~ c~n~ ~iba~.
A~ n ~n ~I~U~E 4, ~n ~ddltl~nRl c~odimf~nlc, th~r~
i~ provi~d ~ ~Abl~ 3 ~ ~ool~lon~ad next ~o a t~nk 41~ A
~er ~h~t (n~ UE~At~ ) 18 pl~a~ on th~ ~op porti~n ~ tabl~ 32A ~o ~ to ~ov~r ~ol~ 33 a~ n ln ~h~ F~GU~. A ~ uum is ~ppl~ h~ough ext~rn~l pip~
mem~q~: 3~ ~nd a 31ur~y 3:e Dl~ a o~ C~ h~n pu~npa~ ontc~ ~h~ ~lbçr an~ th~ Vi~a~lt~ ~r ~ Q 1~
~u~k~d 1 the ~ v~ ~h~ v~uum elnd out o:e p~p~ 34 thu~ n~ ~e :Eibex wi~h th~ ~lc~ o~ Cql~e l~y~r~ .
Tb~ r th~n :L~ p~ ov~ ~h~ ~dg~ 35 wlth ~he~L
lrldividuRl lay~r ~ ~ib~ou~ m~t~rial th~n ~r~xl~ppin~
w;lx~ mambax ~ n~ 42-E~ c~nt~in~ ln ~nk 41 and the ~lb~r 4~ th~ t~pl~ t~ wi~ via ~t~plas ~n~
all~w~d to ~11 in~ ~h~ ~n}~ Thl~ pXOC~Bl~ 3 would in~lud~ A mul~ltude ~ ar r3he~ rrAng~d ~hiF~ way ~o ~h~t ~r~ 1~ px~ ally A oon~in~u~ l~y~ o~ ~ib~ouo mat~ri~l con~in~d ln ~h~3 t~nk h~n~ln~ ~rom ~h~
individ~ o~ mem~ . Px~e~ly~ llowln~ t~hi~
p~Oel6~E33~ 44 Wc3u~ then 1~ alo~d e.nd ~al~A and ~he ~nk wo~l~ th~n b~ riliz~d~ A ~olu~lon ~on~alning or~an~m~ woul~ th~n bl3 pumE~ in ~o ~ompl~t~ ~he p~o~ aipxo~ting m~or ~not æhown~ woul~l ~ull 33Z-~
15 ~
~he rod 45 whiah woul~ ~h~3n ~aUE3~ t;he ~ r?~ to mc~v~ 80 th~ ~pr~ng me~ 4~ would th~n pull lt ~aal~ 'co ~o~l~clon. ~o~ 45 woul~ ~ provided with a ~lexlble ao~ ing ~4 pr~3v~n~ nt~mina~ion in ~h~ r~ct~r. I~ has bA~n ~ ha~ wh~n d~A~n~ r~ m~ in d~ t4 0nt~ A ~l~r ~3arat~on ~ur~ th~ wln~
~impl~ a~p~ u~ to ~a~ompll~ ~hi~. ~rhar~ a~:e :~ou~ ~lidin~ ~ar~ 4~-A~ 4g~, ,8~ n~ 44~ h~ lower ba~ 4~q~ ~nA 48~B a~ ~t~a~h~d ~o lowe~ w~ re 42-A. A
pull~y 4~ ~ th~ ~ndl o~ ~ld ~nk 41 ~n~mi~ mo~on in ono ~ir~3~bion tP mo~ n lx~ ~ho oppo~l~e d~c~ion ~o ~h~
~op wir~ ~2~ n ~prlng ~B i~ 3x~f~nd~ lt ~h~ U~
th~ top wl~ AC~ hi~ h~ok ~nd ~o~th mov~msnt wou~a aau~ ~h~ ~r~ni~m~ whioh ~r~ at~ch~d to th~
omaceou~ ~r~h or o~her ma~a~l to mov~ h~ a more ~omplete an~ e~ nt r~aqtian o~ the oxgAn~m~
wl~h khe ~lution woul~ ~ake pl~a~. ~n th~ ~ent ga~
~ra ~volv~ kh~ ~a~ oul~ ~hen e~cAp~ thr~ugh ~ vc~t ~0~ th~ ~ov~r. In ~h~ ~ren~ th~ ~n or~ni~m ~u~h al~ e~ t~ wo~ld ~e uklllz~d, lld. ~4 ~ould provided wi~h wln~w~ ox ~ lik~ ~o ~llaw llgh~ ~o 8rlt~
~h~ ala~d ~onta~.n~ during ~h~ r~at~on prc~s~ t~
Q~ h~ pr~ , Al~, thq~ p~ov~d~
m~ns ~er ~ollea~in~ ~ny mak~ri~ uah ~ r~ or th~
~X~t w~ioh w~lld ~A~ rs~ th~ ~lbrou~ m~rial~.
~r~w c~mr~y~r ~oc would b~ p~ovld~d ~o wl~hdr~w th~
dropping3 ~r~m ~ha ~oll~tor ~in, ~ vibr~or ~o~ b~
p~l~ ln thro~ th~ ~op ~o ~er~d th~ uppor~, to d~Elodgs ~ny ~Ane ;el~q~ whi~h ~oul~ ~log tha ~nln~.
In ~noth~ ~mbodim~nt ~e~n~ 41 1~ d~per ~ ~h~ ~luid a~ n~ h~ ~ui~ m~ u~a~ a~a~
i~ mov~ ~h~ough the tan~
, .
~, ' . ' ' .
JUL. L~ ','.6 14: 34 ~ h' , ~J~-c~ c~
.
~ n ~h~ ~mbodiment, ~ illu~tr~ed in ~igura~ 6-8, ~ouble~ W~ A~ES 51 h~.ving ~ plurall~y ~$ por~ 52 ther}3~:hr~ h would be ~v~ wi'ch ~ ~iber ~he~t Sl~
a~ain ~n a ~imi:L~r tank 5~i ~ vaouum w~uld ~hen be appll~d through ou~ lln~ 53 ln th~ t~nk w~lch would ~h~n pull ~h~ or C~lite m~te~ial into tEln}c BO
and wvul~ kh~ .b~ 51A ~n th~ proc~sE~. ~h~r~ would..
px~i~sd ~ in val~ ~4 wh~h w~u~A ~raln tha ~allk o~ th~ ~ a~ e ~luxry ~nd ~c3ver 55 would th~n be ~lo~ed. Fo~ owing ~t~r~ n o~ tan~ 50~ o~g~ni~m~
w~ul~l b~ ~dmikt~a ~ n~o t~nk ~0 and t~ ganl~m~ would ~tA~h ~em~lv~ ~o ~ibQ~ ~lA. Th~ t~n~ ~nd ~ r with ~h~ te~ ox~ni~m~ wou~d ~;h~n be prsp~red ~r 1ntx~u~tlo~ Qi~ ~he :eluld m~ium ~ be t~ate~. The :~lu.tfl medlum would ~ ~ump~d in ~h~ h Ya~ 54 ~nd ~u~
t~ough ~ra~ve ~B ~t a op~ guat belc~w ~hRt ~ whloh l;he Q~anl~m~ or l~ e w~u~d no ~ tg~r ~lher~ ~o ~h~
flb~r. Ux~ th~ o~her em~ imQn~ hare would be ~ur~h~r pro~ d ~ ven~ VAlV~ in the ~orn~r (no~
illu~trAt~d) w~i~h woul~l b~ u~ r~ Ally o~
g~e~ ~e~m~d in ~h~ proc~ 0~ aour~ cr khf~ remov~L
~ ih~r~, en~ pla~e 57 s;~vul~ bQ opan~, Again, 1~ an orgarli~m ~u~h ~ al~a~ w~uld be growrl, ~id 55 ~ould h~sre A ~r~nspa2;~Qrl~ po~ti~n ~or ~dmi~ g li~h~ int4 th~
r~tor~
oU2~ th~r a~xlll2try eçruipm~ aould b~
utili~d by tho~ illsd in th~ f~r e~Lmp~ p~
m~ers and. oxy~n :Eo~ A~obi~ raa~;:tion~. For ~n~mA
0~ A1~Q~ CC1~ AB m~h~ bl3 n~eR~ y~ Wi~
~ox ~a~eou~ ~a~ions ~uch ;~ hydrog~n~ n~, ca~ly~1 n~k~l or oth~r m~alo ~n b~ ~a~ed ~n ~h~ high ar~
~i~Alit~ or Celi~. V~T1A~1Um 1~ u~ed ~ mak~ ~ulfuri~
and p~o~phor$~ ld 1~ u~d in ~ e~ol~um ~3~5 in~u~t~y. P~ um ~nd pR~,~a~.lum a~e U~Q~I in au~omol~lle ~a~alytl~ ~oJ~ rterE~, ~u~ ogramla monollths ar~ ~xp~n~lv~
an~ æ h~re a hlg~ pr~3~ur~ dre)p~ B~ ~ntrappln~
dlatom~ ~ ~ c~ramlu ~ r~, ~h~y ~ ep~a~ed and pr2~sur~ ~o~ o~ ~h~ ~lu~.~ pa~ln~ ~h~ugh i~ redu~ed.
M~tal plat~ng ~ho~ ara well known.
FIGURE8 7~8 ~imply lllu~ t~ th~ ~low o~ th~
~l~calit~ ma~rl~ ie v~uum~ throuqh ~he A~parai:u~, wl~h kh~ alit~ ma~lz~l ~lowiny through and ~ound the ~oubl~3 wa~l pa~t~ n~ ha~ring th~ ~llt~r m~ta~ln:L th~r~on, an~ ~hl~Y1ng a t;:omplstn ab orp~ion o~
th~ A1~ n l:h~ ~ibrou~ m~rl~ n pr0pa~ 0n ~or th~ trodu~t~ot~ o~ ~h~ m~dlum to b~ ~eat~d.
FI~R~ g~ ra~ in an ~lt~n~te em~o~im~nk ~ ~ha ~ank Appara~u~ ~ th~ nt ~n~en~i~n s~Al:ad ~y ~ank ~0~ ;e ~h~ ~Qvlous ~m~d~men~a, t~nk 30 woul~ h~v~ an inl~t l~ne 32 ~or th~ r~du~lon o:e ~ Dit:lAlite o~ C~ m~erl~ n ~om~ dla~cm~ would b~com~ ent~pp~d ~n kh~ ~lbar~
b~ ~lurryin~. Th~re would Xur~h~ pro~de~ a r~ta~a~1~ a~ Al 0he~ m~nh~ 9~ whl~h wauld. h~
r~atan~ul~ ~n ~:hap~, wlt~h a plur~l1ty c~ p~a~e m~ r~
~8 Wi~h a thl~}~n~ ibrou~ ma~erizll~ 5~ ~h~rebetw~en ~o ~oxm ~ c~n~lnu~u~ ~b~or~ion l~y-~ ao~alnQA within t~nk gO. ~g~ln~ like in th4 pX13Vi~U8 am~4~ment~
~oll~w~n~ th~ aompl~ orp~ion o~ ~h~ ali~ ~nto th~ ~lber~, th~ l:ank c~oul~ erill~ed ~nd in p~epar~tion ~o~ in~odu~ion ~ k~ ~olu~ o ~
d. I~lk~w~e, the~ ou~ a pro~rlded ~ ~ren~ v~lve 190 fo~ ~ænkln~ o~ ~r y Q~ yl~,5q!0 ~p~ndt~g orl ~h~ typ~ D~
~a~tions t~k~ng ~l~oe wi~hln ~he ~h~mb~r o~ tanlc ~0.
D~tam~ ao~ o ~ auum~ in~o ~he ~ rf3 in filt~ o~ FI~UR~ lO ~nd 11 ~nd ~h~n ~h~ ~.he~ would ~?3~15 stapled to a screen and inserted into tank 90. The fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporim can decolorize pulp mill effluent and degra~e chlorine compounds.
Lactobacillus can produce lactic acid from glucose.
EXAMPLE 1 ~
Circles of cotton-polyester toweling from Sears Roebuck were cut l 3/4 inches in diameter and put in a small Buchner funnel. A teaspoon of Dicalite 4200 rom Grefco was slurred in about 200 ml o~ distilled water and a small amount poured on the towel with vacuum from below which entrapped the Dicalite into the fibers. A hole was punched in the middle of the towel circle and was put on a l/4 inch threaded rod, alternating with a circle of stiff polyester, Reemay 2033 from DuPont. Three inches of these circles were put on and the rotor was inserted into a tube with an inlet and outlet and the tube was slanted into a water bath held at 33C. The tube was sterilized, inoculated with a culture with the following aomposition - lactose hydrate 50 g/l, peptone 5 g/l, yeast extraat 3 g/l and malt extract 3 g/l. The yeast Kluvveromvces fragilis was grown by methods w211 known to those skillad in the art. For about th.irty hours the fibers were rotated at 36 rpm to grow the yeast and attach to the fibers. During this 30 hours medium was fed in one end and out the other end at the rate of loO
ml per hour. Then the ayitator was turned off and the fermenter was flushed with four times its volume of fresh medium, so as to end up with essentially unreacted sugar in the fQrmenter. The agitator was turned on and in only minutes vigorous evolution of C02 was observed.
*trademark 32i5 Example 1 was repeated except no Dicalite was put on the fibers. It took longer ~or COz gas to evolve and it was not as vigorous as in Example 1.
EXAMPLE 3~
Example 1 was repeated except instead of the yeast K. fraqilis, the bacterium Zymomonas mobilis was used and the sugar was sucrose. Medium was KH2P04, (NH4)2S04, MgSO4, and yeast extrack similar to that in U.S. Patent 4,407,954, Col. 3, line 65. Vigorous evolution of C02 occurred in 2 minutes.
EXAMP~E 4 Example 3 was repeated except no Dicalite was put on the fiber. Evolution of C02 took more than 2 minutes and was not as vigorous as in Example 3.
E~~
A one day old nutrient, broth culture o~ Pseudomonas fluorescens obtained from the American T~pe Culture Collection was diluted with an equal volume of nutrient broth culture. Dicalite 4200 from the Grefco Co. was entrapped in Orlon and Dacron fibers and they were sterilized and suspended in the culture and incubated at 30C for 2 days. By visual inspection, it could be seen that there were many organisms immobilized.
Pseudomonads remove metals from wastewater and decompose chlorine compounds. With more organisms immobilized these reactions should be faster.
The fungus Phanerochaete chrysos~orium degrades chlorine compounds and lignin and decolorizes pulp mill effluent. It grows well on polyester.
*trademarks ' ~, JUL 11~ ,-JI~ i~ ;, IJ.J ~ "_, - 2~ -I~s.at~be.alllu~ Rl~o grow~ on poly~ r ~nd can b~
u~d to mak~ y~qUrt ~r l~ a~
~ xRn~h~ ri~ ~n b~ grown ~n dia~oms~ ~130 2~lu~ An~ r~pto~Y~ aYi~
~iot~h ~,r. ;e~o~ng, ~ g~7 g~ ~n~ ~3~- a4ïl3 .
Claims (12)
1. A process for enhancing chemical reactions between microbes and a fluid, comprising the steps of:
providing a fibrous base inside a reaction zone;
entrapping diatomaceous earth particles in said fibrous base, said diatomaceous earth particles having pores in which microbes can be entrapped;
introducing microbes into said reaction zone to adhere said microbes onto said fibrous base and entrap said microbes in said pores of said diatomaceous earth particles.
introducing a chemical fluid into said reaction zone for contact with said fibrous base, said diatomaceous earth particles and said microbes; and flowing said chemical fluid through said fibrous base containing diatomaceous earth particles and through said reaction zone to cause a chemical reaction between said chemical fluid and said microbes.
providing a fibrous base inside a reaction zone;
entrapping diatomaceous earth particles in said fibrous base, said diatomaceous earth particles having pores in which microbes can be entrapped;
introducing microbes into said reaction zone to adhere said microbes onto said fibrous base and entrap said microbes in said pores of said diatomaceous earth particles.
introducing a chemical fluid into said reaction zone for contact with said fibrous base, said diatomaceous earth particles and said microbes; and flowing said chemical fluid through said fibrous base containing diatomaceous earth particles and through said reaction zone to cause a chemical reaction between said chemical fluid and said microbes.
2. A process for enhancing chemical reactions between microbes and a fluid, comprising the steps of:
providing a fibrous base inside a reaction zone;
entrapping diatomaceous earth particles in said fibrous base, said diatomaceous earth particles having pores in which microbes can be entrapped;
introducing microbes into said reaction zone to adhere said microbes onto said fibrous base and entrap said microbes in said pores of said diatomaceous earth particles;
introducing a chemical liquid into said reaction zone for contact with said fibrous base, said diatomaceous earth particle and said microbes; and causing a chemical reaction between said chemical liquid and said microbes.
providing a fibrous base inside a reaction zone;
entrapping diatomaceous earth particles in said fibrous base, said diatomaceous earth particles having pores in which microbes can be entrapped;
introducing microbes into said reaction zone to adhere said microbes onto said fibrous base and entrap said microbes in said pores of said diatomaceous earth particles;
introducing a chemical liquid into said reaction zone for contact with said fibrous base, said diatomaceous earth particle and said microbes; and causing a chemical reaction between said chemical liquid and said microbes.
3. The process of claim 2, which comprises contacting a slurry containing said diatomaceous earth particles with said fibrous base to entrap said diatomaceous earth particles in said fibrous base.
4. The process of claim 2, which comprises rotating said fibrous base at a rate sufficient to enhance the chemical reaction within said reaction zone yet below a rate whereby the microbes would no longer adhere to the fibrous base.
5. The process of claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein said microbes are enzyme producing bacteria or fungi.
6. The process of claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein said microbes are algae.
7. The process of claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein said microbes are animal cells.
8. The process of claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein said microbes are fungi.
9. The process of claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein said microbes are yeast.
10. The process of claim 2, 3 or 4, which comprises passing said chemical fluid through said reaction zone.
11. A process for enhancing chemical reactions between microbes and a solution, comprising the steps of:
providing a fibrous base material on a plurality of support members inside a reaction zone;
entrapping particles of diatomaceous earth in said fibrous base material;
introducing microbes selected from the group consisting of bacteria and yeast into said reaction zone;
allowing said microbes to adhere onto said fibrous base material and said particles of diatomaceous earth;
introducing a chemical solution into said reaction zone for contact with said fibrous base material, said diatomaceous earth particles and said microbes; and rotating said fibrous base containing diatomaceous earth and microbes at a rate sufficient to enhance a chemical reaction between said chemical solution and said microbes yet below a rate whereby the microbes would no longer adhere to said fibrous base.
providing a fibrous base material on a plurality of support members inside a reaction zone;
entrapping particles of diatomaceous earth in said fibrous base material;
introducing microbes selected from the group consisting of bacteria and yeast into said reaction zone;
allowing said microbes to adhere onto said fibrous base material and said particles of diatomaceous earth;
introducing a chemical solution into said reaction zone for contact with said fibrous base material, said diatomaceous earth particles and said microbes; and rotating said fibrous base containing diatomaceous earth and microbes at a rate sufficient to enhance a chemical reaction between said chemical solution and said microbes yet below a rate whereby the microbes would no longer adhere to said fibrous base.
12. The process of claim 11, wherein said plurality of support members are spaced from each other.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US75372785A | 1985-07-10 | 1985-07-10 | |
| US753,727 | 1985-07-10 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1293215C true CA1293215C (en) | 1991-12-17 |
Family
ID=25031878
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000513503A Expired - Lifetime CA1293215C (en) | 1985-07-10 | 1986-07-10 | Process and apparatus for enhancing biological and chemical reactions from high area inorganic base silica on fibers |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0228460A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU6190486A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1293215C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1987000199A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022147616A1 (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2022-07-14 | Deane Arthur | Apparatus and method for algae growth |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NZ228374A (en) * | 1988-03-21 | 1990-12-21 | Du Pont | Method for separating and detecting microorganisms from a difficult-to-separate fluid sample, and apparatus therefor |
| AU647603B2 (en) * | 1991-04-02 | 1994-03-24 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | An immobilized biocatalyst, its preparation and use for ester synthesis in a column reactor |
| US5993935A (en) * | 1991-10-11 | 1999-11-30 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Covalently reactive particles incorporated in a continous porous matrix |
| US5256570A (en) * | 1992-10-20 | 1993-10-26 | Clyde Robert A | Bioreactor configured for various permeable cell supports and culture media |
| WO1997011154A1 (en) * | 1995-09-23 | 1997-03-27 | Michael Melkonian | Rotating solar photobioreactor for use in the production of algal biomass from gases, in particular co2-containing gases |
| CN103642680A (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2014-03-19 | 浙江工业大学 | Built-in disc fibrous bed reactor for fermenting production of butyric acid |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3189563A (en) * | 1960-12-01 | 1965-06-15 | Engelhard Ind Inc | Open mesh glass fabric supported catalyst |
| US3254966A (en) * | 1962-06-08 | 1966-06-07 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Means for effecting catalytic conversion of exhaust gas streams |
| US3231520A (en) * | 1962-12-26 | 1966-01-25 | Texaco Inc | Catalyst and method of making same |
| US3809605A (en) * | 1972-10-30 | 1974-05-07 | American Cyanamid Co | Fibrous mats and sheets containing immobilized enzymes entrapped in their interstices |
| DE2444596A1 (en) * | 1974-09-18 | 1976-04-08 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Catalytic reactor for automobile engine exhaust cleaning - has catalyst carrier discs held in grooves of corrugated tube |
| US4102746A (en) * | 1975-08-29 | 1978-07-25 | Amerace Corporation | Immobilized proteins |
| JPS5921500B2 (en) * | 1978-01-28 | 1984-05-21 | 東洋紡績株式会社 | Enzyme membrane for oxygen electrode |
| JPS558874A (en) * | 1978-07-06 | 1980-01-22 | Hitachi Zosen Corp | Plate denitrification catalyst |
| US4220633A (en) * | 1979-04-30 | 1980-09-02 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Filter house and method for simultaneously removing NOx and particulate matter from a gas stream |
| US4407954A (en) * | 1980-12-15 | 1983-10-04 | Clyde Robert A | Fiber fermenter |
| US4446236A (en) * | 1982-08-11 | 1984-05-01 | Clyde Robert A | Apparatus for a photochemical reaction |
| DE4137275A1 (en) * | 1991-11-13 | 1993-05-19 | Kabelmetal Electro Gmbh | METHOD FOR THE CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF SCREW LINE OR RING SHAPED METAL PIPES |
-
1986
- 1986-07-10 EP EP19860904634 patent/EP0228460A1/en active Pending
- 1986-07-10 WO PCT/US1986/001427 patent/WO1987000199A1/en unknown
- 1986-07-10 AU AU61904/86A patent/AU6190486A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1986-07-10 CA CA000513503A patent/CA1293215C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022147616A1 (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2022-07-14 | Deane Arthur | Apparatus and method for algae growth |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1987000199A1 (en) | 1987-01-15 |
| AU6190486A (en) | 1987-01-30 |
| EP0228460A1 (en) | 1987-07-15 |
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