CA1280723C - Corrosion protection apparatus - Google Patents
Corrosion protection apparatusInfo
- Publication number
- CA1280723C CA1280723C CA000516156A CA516156A CA1280723C CA 1280723 C CA1280723 C CA 1280723C CA 000516156 A CA000516156 A CA 000516156A CA 516156 A CA516156 A CA 516156A CA 1280723 C CA1280723 C CA 1280723C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- reservoirs
- reservoir
- gel
- substrate
- jack
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/46—Bases; Cases
- H01R13/52—Dustproof, splashproof, drip-proof, waterproof, or flameproof cases
- H01R13/5216—Dustproof, splashproof, drip-proof, waterproof, or flameproof cases characterised by the sealing material, e.g. gels or resins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/70—Insulation of connections
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
- Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
- Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
- Connector Housings Or Holding Contact Members (AREA)
- Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
- Telephone Set Structure (AREA)
- Coating Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract An apparatus for protecting a substrate includes a collapsible reservoir filled with a three-dimensional elastic gel which is relatively soft and has an ulti-mate elongation of at elast 200%. The apparatus is disposed in contact with a substrate having a recess therein to be environmentally protected, and a force is applied to the reservoir to at least partially collapse the reservoir forcing the gel from an open surface of the reservior into the recess so as to substantially fill and encapsulate the recess.
Description
~.~2807~3 The present invention relates to apparatuses for protecting substrates against corrosion, electrical currents, and other adverse environmental effects.
Various methods have been proposed in the prior art for pro-tecting a substrate from adverse environmental e~fects. A
typical method used in the prior art is to dispose a vlscous grease around the suhstrate in an attempt tn keep adverse environmental contaminants, such as water, ~rom corroding the substrate being protected or providing an electrical path thereto. Another common method used in the prior art has been to apply paint to the substrate. Both of these methods are disadvantageous in that insu~ficient corrosion protection is a~forded, re-entry is dif~icult, the protection lasts for a relatively short period of time, they are labor intensive, and ~5 relatively expensive.
debbaut, U.S. patents 4,600,261 and 4,634r207 and EPC
patents 0,108,518 all assigned to the assignee of the present invention, disclose various containers which are substantially filled with gel material, the container subsequently being disposed in contact wi-th a substrate su~sequent to curing the gel. Though these containers are quite ef~ective in protecting substrates, a problem still exists in the art in providing adequate environmental protection to a substrate having a recess therein since condensation oftentimes can still occur within a void surrounded by the recess. Furthermore, some substrates are disposed in installations wherein very little room is available ~or disposing a relatively large gel filled container . .
~, ~Z 8~ 3 thereat so as to completely enclose the substrate to be protected with gel.
Accordingly, the invention eliminates the above-noted drawbacks and provides an article for protecting a substrate which is relatively inexpensive to produce, is easy to install ; over the substrate, lasts a relatively long period of time, and can be made easily re-enterable, if desired.
The apparatus of the present invention includes a reservoir filled with a gel, the gel comprising a three l.U dimensional open cell network, the gel being elastic, and having finite elongation characteristics, preferably in excess of 200%, and having a cone penetration between 100 and 350 (1o~l mm), more preferably bstween 200 and 300 ~lo-l mm), and most preferably between 250 and 280 (lo~1 mm). The reservoir ls collapsible and L~ has an open face through which gel can be disposed outward therefrom when a portion of the reservoir is collapsed such that upon collapsing the reservoir, the gel is dispensed through the open side of the reservoir and into a recess of a substrate to be protected such that the gel can completely fill the recess.
According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, a plurality of reservoirs, either collapsible or non-collapsible, are interconnected by flexible bridging members which allows the use of relatively small reservoirs to be incorporated in an apparatus for protecting a plurality of contact areas on a substrate such that a major portion of the apparatus does not contain gel so as to allow the apparatus to be disposed in installations where very little room is available for protecting the substrate.
3~ .
Thus in one aspect thereof the present invention provides an apparatus for protecting a substrate, comprising: a first reservoir; and an elastic gel having a cone penetration value between 100 and 350 (10~1 mm) and an ultimate elongation o~
at least 200%, the gel being contained with the reservoir prior to contacting the substrate; means for pumping at least some of the gel out of th~ reservoir and in contact with the substrate so as not to exceed the ultimate elongation of the gel and so as to at least partially collapse the reservoir.
In one embodiment of the present invention the reservoir having an open side through which the gel is dispensed outward therefrom when a portion of the reservoir collapsed.
Desirably the reservoir having a telescopic profile extending from the open side thereoE such that a cross-sectional are of the reservoir in a vicinity of the open side is larger than a cross sectional area of the area of the reservoir in a vicinity remote from the open side thereof. Suitably the reservoir having a structural strength such that when sub;ect to an axial force the reservoir first collapses in a region remots from the open side, L~ the reservoir collapsing in a piston-like manner~ Preferably a cross-sectional are of the open side being substantially smaller than a cross-sectional area of the reservoir.
n another embodiment of the present invention a substrate having a recess therein, the reservoir having the gel therein being disposed on the substrate such that the open side of the reservoir faces the recess. Suitabl~ the substrate comprising a modular telephone ~ack, the reservoir being disposed on a wall side of the jack confronting an end of a contact screw 2~ and mounting means therefore. Desirably the apparatus further comprises second, third and fourth reservoirs filled with the gel, the reservoirs being interconnected by flexible bridging member and each having an open side, the pumping means pumping at least some o the gel out of the second, third and fourth 3U reser~oirs and ln contact with the substrate so as not to exceed the ultimate elongation of the gel and so as to l~as~ partially collapse the second, third and fourth reservoirs, the second, third and fourth reservoirs each being disposed over the wall side of the ~ack.
Various methods have been proposed in the prior art for pro-tecting a substrate from adverse environmental e~fects. A
typical method used in the prior art is to dispose a vlscous grease around the suhstrate in an attempt tn keep adverse environmental contaminants, such as water, ~rom corroding the substrate being protected or providing an electrical path thereto. Another common method used in the prior art has been to apply paint to the substrate. Both of these methods are disadvantageous in that insu~ficient corrosion protection is a~forded, re-entry is dif~icult, the protection lasts for a relatively short period of time, they are labor intensive, and ~5 relatively expensive.
debbaut, U.S. patents 4,600,261 and 4,634r207 and EPC
patents 0,108,518 all assigned to the assignee of the present invention, disclose various containers which are substantially filled with gel material, the container subsequently being disposed in contact wi-th a substrate su~sequent to curing the gel. Though these containers are quite ef~ective in protecting substrates, a problem still exists in the art in providing adequate environmental protection to a substrate having a recess therein since condensation oftentimes can still occur within a void surrounded by the recess. Furthermore, some substrates are disposed in installations wherein very little room is available ~or disposing a relatively large gel filled container . .
~, ~Z 8~ 3 thereat so as to completely enclose the substrate to be protected with gel.
Accordingly, the invention eliminates the above-noted drawbacks and provides an article for protecting a substrate which is relatively inexpensive to produce, is easy to install ; over the substrate, lasts a relatively long period of time, and can be made easily re-enterable, if desired.
The apparatus of the present invention includes a reservoir filled with a gel, the gel comprising a three l.U dimensional open cell network, the gel being elastic, and having finite elongation characteristics, preferably in excess of 200%, and having a cone penetration between 100 and 350 (1o~l mm), more preferably bstween 200 and 300 ~lo-l mm), and most preferably between 250 and 280 (lo~1 mm). The reservoir ls collapsible and L~ has an open face through which gel can be disposed outward therefrom when a portion of the reservoir is collapsed such that upon collapsing the reservoir, the gel is dispensed through the open side of the reservoir and into a recess of a substrate to be protected such that the gel can completely fill the recess.
According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, a plurality of reservoirs, either collapsible or non-collapsible, are interconnected by flexible bridging members which allows the use of relatively small reservoirs to be incorporated in an apparatus for protecting a plurality of contact areas on a substrate such that a major portion of the apparatus does not contain gel so as to allow the apparatus to be disposed in installations where very little room is available for protecting the substrate.
3~ .
Thus in one aspect thereof the present invention provides an apparatus for protecting a substrate, comprising: a first reservoir; and an elastic gel having a cone penetration value between 100 and 350 (10~1 mm) and an ultimate elongation o~
at least 200%, the gel being contained with the reservoir prior to contacting the substrate; means for pumping at least some of the gel out of th~ reservoir and in contact with the substrate so as not to exceed the ultimate elongation of the gel and so as to at least partially collapse the reservoir.
In one embodiment of the present invention the reservoir having an open side through which the gel is dispensed outward therefrom when a portion of the reservoir collapsed.
Desirably the reservoir having a telescopic profile extending from the open side thereoE such that a cross-sectional are of the reservoir in a vicinity of the open side is larger than a cross sectional area of the area of the reservoir in a vicinity remote from the open side thereof. Suitably the reservoir having a structural strength such that when sub;ect to an axial force the reservoir first collapses in a region remots from the open side, L~ the reservoir collapsing in a piston-like manner~ Preferably a cross-sectional are of the open side being substantially smaller than a cross-sectional area of the reservoir.
n another embodiment of the present invention a substrate having a recess therein, the reservoir having the gel therein being disposed on the substrate such that the open side of the reservoir faces the recess. Suitabl~ the substrate comprising a modular telephone ~ack, the reservoir being disposed on a wall side of the jack confronting an end of a contact screw 2~ and mounting means therefore. Desirably the apparatus further comprises second, third and fourth reservoirs filled with the gel, the reservoirs being interconnected by flexible bridging member and each having an open side, the pumping means pumping at least some o the gel out of the second, third and fourth 3U reser~oirs and ln contact with the substrate so as not to exceed the ultimate elongation of the gel and so as to l~as~ partially collapse the second, third and fourth reservoirs, the second, third and fourth reservoirs each being disposed over the wall side of the ~ack.
3~
D~ --~'~8~7'~3 In a further embodiment of the present invention the apparatus ~urther comprises second, third and fourth reservoirs filled with the gel, the reservoirs being interconnected by flexible bridging members, and each having an open side.
Suitably the pumping means pumping at least some of the gel out of and in contact with the substrate so as not to exceed the ultimate elongation of the gel and so as to at least partially collapse the second, khird and fourth reservoirs. Desirably the second reservoir being collapsible, the bridging members being flexible enough to allow the third and fourth reservolrs to be moved from a first position whereat their respective open ~J surfaces lie ln a substantially common plane with the open surfaces of the first and second reservoirs to a second position whereat the open sides of the third and fourth reservoirs confront the open sides of the first and second reservoirs.
Preferably the substrate comprising a modular telephone ~ack, the 1~ first and second reservoirs being disposed on a wall side of the jack such that the open sides of the reservoirs confront recesses on the wall side of the ~ack, and further comprising force means for at least partially collapsing the flrst and second reservoirs so as to pump gel through the open sides thereof and into the 2l1 recesses, the third and fourth reservoirs being disposed opposite the flrst and second reservoirs on a front side of the ~ack.
Suitably the apparatus further comprises fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth reservoirs and mean for interconnecting the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth reservoirs to the first, second, third and fourth reservolrs, at least four of the reservoirs being collapsible. Preferably the interconnecting mean including means for aligning the reservoirs with the recesses.
The present invention also provides an apparatus for 3U protecking a substrate, comprising: first, second, third and fourth reservoirs; an elaskic gel having a cone penetration between lO0 and 350 (lo~l mm) and an ultimake elongation of at least 200~, the gel belng contained within the reservoir; means for flexibly interconnectin~ the reservoirs such that khe third 3~
- 4a -".,."j ~.~
7'~3 and fourth reservoirs can be moved from a first position whareat an open side of each of the reservoirs lies in substantially a common plane to a second position whereat the open sides of the third and fourth reservoirs confront the open sides of the first and second reservoirs. Suitably the apparatus further comprises fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth reservoirs filled wlth gel, means for interconnscting the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth reservoirs to the first, second, third and fourth reservoirs such that the seventh and eighth reservoirs can be moved from a third position whereat their respective open sides lie in substantially a common plane with open side of the fifth and sixth reservoir to u a fourth position wherein the open sides of the seventh and eighth reservoirs confront the open sides of the fi~th and sixth reservoirs. Desirably the apparatus comprises means for aligning the reservoir with contact area on the substrate to be protected.
Preferably the substrate comprising a modular telephone jack 1~ having four recesses on a wall side thereof into which contact screw extend from the front side of the phone jack.
The present invention aga~n provides an apparatus for protecting a modular telephone ~ack, comprlsing: a first member 7.U first having first, second, third and fourth reservoir therein, an elastic gel having a cone penetration between 100 and 350 (10-1 mm) and an ultimate elongation of at least 200~, the gel being contained within the reservoirs; and a pressure sensitive adhesive located on a face of the first member which bonds the 2~ first member to a modular telephone ~ack such that the gel is deformed and held in close and conforming contact with contact surfaces on the ~ack.
The present invention wlll be further illustrated by 3U way of the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1-4 illustrate various alternative embodiments of collapsible reservolr constructions;
3~
- 4b -' 8~ 3 Figure 5 is a plan view, and Figure 6 is a side view, of a plurality of collapsible reservoirs disposed on an apparatus for protecting a plurality of contact areas of a substrate;
Figure 7 is a plan view, and Figure 8 is an end view of one preferred embodiment of the invention this embodiment being particularly useful for protecting contact areas on a modular telephone jack;
Figures 9 and 10 illustrake an alternative embodiment for protecting contact areas on a modular phone ~ack;
.~) .
Figure 11 illustrates yet a furkher embodlment for protecting contact areas on a modular phone ~ack, wlth Figur0s 12-15 illustrating various installation steps of the embodiment of Figure 11.
l!;
Figures 1-~ illustrate various embodiments of a collapsible reservoir 2 constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, 7l~
Each of the reservoirs 2 includes a gel 3 therein. The gel is preferably one of the types described in 7.~
-- ~c --~ ~ ~0 7~
Debbaut, U.S. patents 4,600,261 and 4,634,207 and EPC patent 0,108,518, and chang EPC publication no. 0,193,581 published on Sept. 10, 1986, all assigned to the asslgnee o~ the present inven-tion. In particular, the gel can comprise a urethane, a silicone, or a non-silicone liquid rubber with low or no unsaturation whlch has been cross- linked, with urethenes and silicones being preferred embodiments. The gel is a material having an open loop three-dimensional network such that it is elastic and has a finite amount of elongation, and ls relatlvely soft. A preferred embodiment is to use a gel having a cone penetration between 100 and 350 (10~1 mm), and an ultlmake elongation of at least 100~, as measured in accordance with American National Standard Designation ASTM-D217 and ASTM-D638, respectively. Preferably, the cone penetration is between 200 and 300 (lo~l mm)~ and more preferably between 250 and 280 (10~
mm). In addition, the ultimate elongation is also more pre-ferably in excess of 200%, and more preferably in excess of 500%.
In addition, the gel is also preferably elastic such that it tends to resist deformation and genera$es a restoration force upon being deformed.
The reservoir 2 is collapsible such that when sub-jected to a force indicated by arrow 10, the gel 3 within the reservoir 2 is displaced out of the reservoir through an open side 4 thereof as illustrated in Figures 1-4. In Figure 2, an open side 7 having a tunnel cross-sectional configuration is formed on a side of the collapsible reservoir 2, this embodiment ,.,;, ,, allowing a substrate to be protected to be inserted and/or removed from the reservoir from its side. In addition, it is preferable that the gel have an ulti mate elongation sufficiently large such that the gel does not tear when the reservoir collapses.
Preferably, the collapsible container 2 is made of a material, or has an internal construction such that, the gel 3 has an adhesion strength thereto greater than the gels cohesive strength, with the adhesive strength of the gel to the substrate contact area it is intended to protect being preferably less than its cohesive strength and its adhesive strength to the substrate member, to facilitate re-entry.
In the embodiment of Figure 1, the open side 4 is substantially circular in configuration, though ellip-tical, rectangular, or other shapes can be used where the substrate contact area to be protected is similarly shaped. In the embodiment oE Figure 3, the open side 4 has a tapered skirt construction which has the advan-tage of enlarging a substrate contact area which can be surrounded and protected while minimizing a volume of the gel 3 re~uired to fill the collapsible reservoir 2.
Each of the embodiments of Figure~ 1-4 utilizes a collapsible reservoir 2 which collapse~ downward, with the embodiment of Figure 1 having a telescopic profile having a large~t cross-sectional area thereoE forming the open ~ide through which the gel is dispensed, with a next smaller cross-sectional area 7 being adjacent thereto, with the sm~llest cross-sectional area 15 being on an opposite end of the reservoir than is the open side 4, as illustrated. ~ccordingly, if subjected to a force 10, the reservoir collapses such that the section 15 can be received within the section 7 which can be received within the section 17, if total collap-sibility is a design criterion. Alternatively, the reservoir can be constructed such that only the section 15 collapses within the section 7. ~pon collapsing, this section 15 acts substantially like a piston, this being the mode of collapsing in the embodiments of Figures 2 and 3 wherein piston section 8 collapses within larger section 17 formed so as to define the open side 4, 7. In the embodiment of Figure 4, the collapsible reservoir 2 has a corrugated outer surface 24 which allows an accordian-type compression to occur when subjected to a force 10 so as to dispense gel out of the open qide 4. Each of the embodiments of Figures 1-4 functionally allows a gel to be dispensed from the reservoir 2 upon being subjected to a force 10 such that the gel is available for filling a recess on a substrate having a contact area incorporating a recess to be protected.
The remaining figures illustrate practical embodi-ments of the invention, with Figure 5 illustrating a plurality of collapsible reservoirs 2 disposed in line on a strip 11, with the strip 11 having a pressure sen-sitive adhesive 12 on a surface thereof. In use, the strip 11 is disposed in contact with a substrate having a plurality of contact areas thereon to be protected such that khe collapsible reservoirs 2 respectively line up with respective contact areas to be protected, 8~t7~3 _~_ and then the collapsible reservoir is subjected to a force causing the reservoirs to at least partially collapse so as to partially dispense gel therefrom so as to totally incapsulate the contact areas to be protected.
A practical embodiment of the invention will next be described with reference to a substrate corresponding to a telephone modular jack 5, illustrated in Figures 11-16. Referring to Figure 11, the apparatus 1 includes first and second collapsible reservoirs 2 and third and fourth reservoirs 14, the reservoirs 14 being either collapsible or non--collapsible, though in the embodiment shown the reser-voirs 14 do not need to be collapsible. The reservoirs 2 each have a substantially rectangular cross-sectional profile 13, since a recess 40 on a back side 26 of the jack 5 also has a rectangular cross-sectional profile.
The recess on the back side 26 of the jack 5 corresponds to a cavity through which contact screw~ or bolts 28 extend, the screws 28 being held in place by a metallic mounting bracket 43, shown in Figure 16. To environmentally protect the contents of the jack 5, the screws 28 and brackets 43 must all be protected.
The apparatus 1 further includes flexible briding members 19 interconnecting each of the reservoirs 2, 14. To install the apparatus 1 on the phone jack 5 so as to protect contact bolts 28 and brackets 43 and areas therearound from corrosion and various enviro~-mental contaminants, the jack i9 first loosened from its mounting surface, such as a wall, as illustrated in 307~3 _9_ Figure ll. Subsequently, the collapsible reservoirs 2 are slid behind the jack 5 as illustrated in Figure 12 such that the rectangular cross-sectional profiles 13 of the collapsible reservoirs 2 are disposed over recess contact areas 40 on the back side 26 of the jack 5, as illustrated in Figures 12 and 16, and sub-sequently the phone jack is re-secured to its mounting surface. Thereafter, the additional reservoirs 14 are wrapped around the jack 5 as illustrated by arrow 30 in Figure 14 and disposed over ends of the contact screws or bolts 28. In this embodiment, it is not necessary to completely remove the jack 5 from its mounting surface to install the collapsible reservoirs around the recesses, though the jack can be so removed if desired.
Rather, all that is required is that the jack be loosened enough so that the reservoirs 2 can be slid behind the jack. Re-securing the jack 5 tightly to its mounting surface by tightening screws 44 as illustrated in Figure 13 provides the force means 10 for collapsing the reservoirs 2.
Since the screws or bolts 28 protrude from a front surface of the jack 5, the gel 3 is readily elastically displaced around ends of the screws or bolts 28 and maintained in close and conforming contact therewith so long as held under some force by some additional force means lO', this force means being provided by jack cover 22 which is screwed over the phone jack 5, as illustrated in Figure 15. Preferably, the gel has a tacky surface so as to facilitate adhesion of the gel to the contact area of the substrate to be protected while being held under compression.
~.~2ao~3 The embodiment of Figures 11-16 is further advan-tageous in that a plurality of the reservoirs 2, 14 are interconnected by flexible bridging members 19 which allows a plurality of substrate contact areas to be protected utilizing a minimum amount of gel with the apparatus 1 occupying a minimum amount of room, as com-pared to other prior art constructions wherein relati-vely large reservoirs 2 are provided for enclosing entire substrates so as to protect various contact areas thereon.
Figures 7-10 illustrate further alternative embodi-ments of the invention. In the embodiment of Figures 7 and 8, the apparatus 31 includes flexible bridging mem-bers l9 arranged such that eight reservoirs in total are included with the apparatus. In use, the jack 5 is removed from its mounting surface rather than simply loosened as in the embodiment of Figures 11-16, and the apparatus 31 is disposed on the mounting surface such that the reservoirs 2 are disposed at a location such that they will come in contact with substrate recess contact areas 40 to be protected when the jack 5 is replaced on the mounting surface, with holes 16 being provided on the flexible bridging member for providing a means of properly orienting the apparatus 31, and in particular the rectangular shaped open sides 13 of the collapsible reservoirs 2. The holes 16 will line up with attachment holes 21 (Figure 11) through which screws extend for attaching the phone jack 5 to its mounting surface and providing a force means 10. The force means 10 causes the reservoirs to collapse, as previously explained. Subsequent to re-attaching the ~ za~7~
phone jack to its mounting surface, reservoirs 14 are pivoted about a 180 semicircle in a manner similar to tha~ illustrated by arrow 30 in Figure 14 so as to cover all the exposed and protruding contact screws or bolts 28. The embodiment of Figure 31 is particularly advantayeous in that it comprises only a single article, is easily installable, and provides an indica-tion means 16 confirming proper orientation of the apparatus. In the apparatus of Figures 11-14, orien-tation indication means is provided by the shape of the rectangular shaped open sides 13 of the reservoirs 2 which corresponds to the rectangular shape of the con-tact areas 40.
The embodiment of Figures 9 and 10 comprises first and second pieces 32, 33, with the first piece 32 con-taining a plurality of collapsible reservoirs 2 having the gel 3 disposed therein, the piece 32 being adapted for being located on the back side 26 of the phone jack 5 after its removal such that upon re-attachment of the phone jack 5 each of the reservoirs 2 is collapsed so as to exert gel therefrom into contact area recesses 40 on the back side of the phone jack 5. Subsequenkly, the piece 33 is disposed over the front side of the phone jack so as to encapsulate each of the bolts or screws 28, with the force means to the piece 33 being preferably provided by pressure sensitive adhesive 45 located on a side of the piece 33 in contact with the jack 5. Additional force means can also be provided by re-attaching the cover 22, as illustrated in Figure 15.
The embodiment Oe Figures 9 and 10 is advantageous in that relatively few pieces are required to ade-~8~723 quately protect a phone jack, indication means is pro-vided to facilitate proper installation thereof, and a plurality of reservoirs are interconnected with flexible bridging members thus reducing the component parts required to adequately protect the phone jack 5.
It is to be understood that the inventions of pro-viding collapsible reservoirs are useful in a wide variety of applications, and not specifically limited to the particular application of protecting a phone jack, as described herein, and that the invention of providing a plurality of small reservoirs intercon-nected by flexible bridging members so as to allow encapsulation of opposite surfaces of a substrate 5 in a fast and efficient manner is also not limited only to the embodiment cf the protection of phone jack 5.
The invention is particularly applicable to any appli-cation where a substrate has a contact area which has a recess which requires protection, or in any application where it is desired that gel be pumped into a location relatively remote from a surface of the substrate to which the reservoir is attached, the invention also being useful in any application where opposite sides of a substrate need to be protected in a East and effi-cient manner. Accordingly, the invention is to be limited only by the appended claims.
D~ --~'~8~7'~3 In a further embodiment of the present invention the apparatus ~urther comprises second, third and fourth reservoirs filled with the gel, the reservoirs being interconnected by flexible bridging members, and each having an open side.
Suitably the pumping means pumping at least some of the gel out of and in contact with the substrate so as not to exceed the ultimate elongation of the gel and so as to at least partially collapse the second, khird and fourth reservoirs. Desirably the second reservoir being collapsible, the bridging members being flexible enough to allow the third and fourth reservolrs to be moved from a first position whereat their respective open ~J surfaces lie ln a substantially common plane with the open surfaces of the first and second reservoirs to a second position whereat the open sides of the third and fourth reservoirs confront the open sides of the first and second reservoirs.
Preferably the substrate comprising a modular telephone ~ack, the 1~ first and second reservoirs being disposed on a wall side of the jack such that the open sides of the reservoirs confront recesses on the wall side of the ~ack, and further comprising force means for at least partially collapsing the flrst and second reservoirs so as to pump gel through the open sides thereof and into the 2l1 recesses, the third and fourth reservoirs being disposed opposite the flrst and second reservoirs on a front side of the ~ack.
Suitably the apparatus further comprises fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth reservoirs and mean for interconnecting the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth reservoirs to the first, second, third and fourth reservolrs, at least four of the reservoirs being collapsible. Preferably the interconnecting mean including means for aligning the reservoirs with the recesses.
The present invention also provides an apparatus for 3U protecking a substrate, comprising: first, second, third and fourth reservoirs; an elaskic gel having a cone penetration between lO0 and 350 (lo~l mm) and an ultimake elongation of at least 200~, the gel belng contained within the reservoir; means for flexibly interconnectin~ the reservoirs such that khe third 3~
- 4a -".,."j ~.~
7'~3 and fourth reservoirs can be moved from a first position whareat an open side of each of the reservoirs lies in substantially a common plane to a second position whereat the open sides of the third and fourth reservoirs confront the open sides of the first and second reservoirs. Suitably the apparatus further comprises fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth reservoirs filled wlth gel, means for interconnscting the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth reservoirs to the first, second, third and fourth reservoirs such that the seventh and eighth reservoirs can be moved from a third position whereat their respective open sides lie in substantially a common plane with open side of the fifth and sixth reservoir to u a fourth position wherein the open sides of the seventh and eighth reservoirs confront the open sides of the fi~th and sixth reservoirs. Desirably the apparatus comprises means for aligning the reservoir with contact area on the substrate to be protected.
Preferably the substrate comprising a modular telephone jack 1~ having four recesses on a wall side thereof into which contact screw extend from the front side of the phone jack.
The present invention aga~n provides an apparatus for protecting a modular telephone ~ack, comprlsing: a first member 7.U first having first, second, third and fourth reservoir therein, an elastic gel having a cone penetration between 100 and 350 (10-1 mm) and an ultimate elongation of at least 200~, the gel being contained within the reservoirs; and a pressure sensitive adhesive located on a face of the first member which bonds the 2~ first member to a modular telephone ~ack such that the gel is deformed and held in close and conforming contact with contact surfaces on the ~ack.
The present invention wlll be further illustrated by 3U way of the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1-4 illustrate various alternative embodiments of collapsible reservolr constructions;
3~
- 4b -' 8~ 3 Figure 5 is a plan view, and Figure 6 is a side view, of a plurality of collapsible reservoirs disposed on an apparatus for protecting a plurality of contact areas of a substrate;
Figure 7 is a plan view, and Figure 8 is an end view of one preferred embodiment of the invention this embodiment being particularly useful for protecting contact areas on a modular telephone jack;
Figures 9 and 10 illustrake an alternative embodiment for protecting contact areas on a modular phone ~ack;
.~) .
Figure 11 illustrates yet a furkher embodlment for protecting contact areas on a modular phone ~ack, wlth Figur0s 12-15 illustrating various installation steps of the embodiment of Figure 11.
l!;
Figures 1-~ illustrate various embodiments of a collapsible reservoir 2 constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, 7l~
Each of the reservoirs 2 includes a gel 3 therein. The gel is preferably one of the types described in 7.~
-- ~c --~ ~ ~0 7~
Debbaut, U.S. patents 4,600,261 and 4,634,207 and EPC patent 0,108,518, and chang EPC publication no. 0,193,581 published on Sept. 10, 1986, all assigned to the asslgnee o~ the present inven-tion. In particular, the gel can comprise a urethane, a silicone, or a non-silicone liquid rubber with low or no unsaturation whlch has been cross- linked, with urethenes and silicones being preferred embodiments. The gel is a material having an open loop three-dimensional network such that it is elastic and has a finite amount of elongation, and ls relatlvely soft. A preferred embodiment is to use a gel having a cone penetration between 100 and 350 (10~1 mm), and an ultlmake elongation of at least 100~, as measured in accordance with American National Standard Designation ASTM-D217 and ASTM-D638, respectively. Preferably, the cone penetration is between 200 and 300 (lo~l mm)~ and more preferably between 250 and 280 (10~
mm). In addition, the ultimate elongation is also more pre-ferably in excess of 200%, and more preferably in excess of 500%.
In addition, the gel is also preferably elastic such that it tends to resist deformation and genera$es a restoration force upon being deformed.
The reservoir 2 is collapsible such that when sub-jected to a force indicated by arrow 10, the gel 3 within the reservoir 2 is displaced out of the reservoir through an open side 4 thereof as illustrated in Figures 1-4. In Figure 2, an open side 7 having a tunnel cross-sectional configuration is formed on a side of the collapsible reservoir 2, this embodiment ,.,;, ,, allowing a substrate to be protected to be inserted and/or removed from the reservoir from its side. In addition, it is preferable that the gel have an ulti mate elongation sufficiently large such that the gel does not tear when the reservoir collapses.
Preferably, the collapsible container 2 is made of a material, or has an internal construction such that, the gel 3 has an adhesion strength thereto greater than the gels cohesive strength, with the adhesive strength of the gel to the substrate contact area it is intended to protect being preferably less than its cohesive strength and its adhesive strength to the substrate member, to facilitate re-entry.
In the embodiment of Figure 1, the open side 4 is substantially circular in configuration, though ellip-tical, rectangular, or other shapes can be used where the substrate contact area to be protected is similarly shaped. In the embodiment oE Figure 3, the open side 4 has a tapered skirt construction which has the advan-tage of enlarging a substrate contact area which can be surrounded and protected while minimizing a volume of the gel 3 re~uired to fill the collapsible reservoir 2.
Each of the embodiments of Figure~ 1-4 utilizes a collapsible reservoir 2 which collapse~ downward, with the embodiment of Figure 1 having a telescopic profile having a large~t cross-sectional area thereoE forming the open ~ide through which the gel is dispensed, with a next smaller cross-sectional area 7 being adjacent thereto, with the sm~llest cross-sectional area 15 being on an opposite end of the reservoir than is the open side 4, as illustrated. ~ccordingly, if subjected to a force 10, the reservoir collapses such that the section 15 can be received within the section 7 which can be received within the section 17, if total collap-sibility is a design criterion. Alternatively, the reservoir can be constructed such that only the section 15 collapses within the section 7. ~pon collapsing, this section 15 acts substantially like a piston, this being the mode of collapsing in the embodiments of Figures 2 and 3 wherein piston section 8 collapses within larger section 17 formed so as to define the open side 4, 7. In the embodiment of Figure 4, the collapsible reservoir 2 has a corrugated outer surface 24 which allows an accordian-type compression to occur when subjected to a force 10 so as to dispense gel out of the open qide 4. Each of the embodiments of Figures 1-4 functionally allows a gel to be dispensed from the reservoir 2 upon being subjected to a force 10 such that the gel is available for filling a recess on a substrate having a contact area incorporating a recess to be protected.
The remaining figures illustrate practical embodi-ments of the invention, with Figure 5 illustrating a plurality of collapsible reservoirs 2 disposed in line on a strip 11, with the strip 11 having a pressure sen-sitive adhesive 12 on a surface thereof. In use, the strip 11 is disposed in contact with a substrate having a plurality of contact areas thereon to be protected such that khe collapsible reservoirs 2 respectively line up with respective contact areas to be protected, 8~t7~3 _~_ and then the collapsible reservoir is subjected to a force causing the reservoirs to at least partially collapse so as to partially dispense gel therefrom so as to totally incapsulate the contact areas to be protected.
A practical embodiment of the invention will next be described with reference to a substrate corresponding to a telephone modular jack 5, illustrated in Figures 11-16. Referring to Figure 11, the apparatus 1 includes first and second collapsible reservoirs 2 and third and fourth reservoirs 14, the reservoirs 14 being either collapsible or non--collapsible, though in the embodiment shown the reser-voirs 14 do not need to be collapsible. The reservoirs 2 each have a substantially rectangular cross-sectional profile 13, since a recess 40 on a back side 26 of the jack 5 also has a rectangular cross-sectional profile.
The recess on the back side 26 of the jack 5 corresponds to a cavity through which contact screw~ or bolts 28 extend, the screws 28 being held in place by a metallic mounting bracket 43, shown in Figure 16. To environmentally protect the contents of the jack 5, the screws 28 and brackets 43 must all be protected.
The apparatus 1 further includes flexible briding members 19 interconnecting each of the reservoirs 2, 14. To install the apparatus 1 on the phone jack 5 so as to protect contact bolts 28 and brackets 43 and areas therearound from corrosion and various enviro~-mental contaminants, the jack i9 first loosened from its mounting surface, such as a wall, as illustrated in 307~3 _9_ Figure ll. Subsequently, the collapsible reservoirs 2 are slid behind the jack 5 as illustrated in Figure 12 such that the rectangular cross-sectional profiles 13 of the collapsible reservoirs 2 are disposed over recess contact areas 40 on the back side 26 of the jack 5, as illustrated in Figures 12 and 16, and sub-sequently the phone jack is re-secured to its mounting surface. Thereafter, the additional reservoirs 14 are wrapped around the jack 5 as illustrated by arrow 30 in Figure 14 and disposed over ends of the contact screws or bolts 28. In this embodiment, it is not necessary to completely remove the jack 5 from its mounting surface to install the collapsible reservoirs around the recesses, though the jack can be so removed if desired.
Rather, all that is required is that the jack be loosened enough so that the reservoirs 2 can be slid behind the jack. Re-securing the jack 5 tightly to its mounting surface by tightening screws 44 as illustrated in Figure 13 provides the force means 10 for collapsing the reservoirs 2.
Since the screws or bolts 28 protrude from a front surface of the jack 5, the gel 3 is readily elastically displaced around ends of the screws or bolts 28 and maintained in close and conforming contact therewith so long as held under some force by some additional force means lO', this force means being provided by jack cover 22 which is screwed over the phone jack 5, as illustrated in Figure 15. Preferably, the gel has a tacky surface so as to facilitate adhesion of the gel to the contact area of the substrate to be protected while being held under compression.
~.~2ao~3 The embodiment of Figures 11-16 is further advan-tageous in that a plurality of the reservoirs 2, 14 are interconnected by flexible bridging members 19 which allows a plurality of substrate contact areas to be protected utilizing a minimum amount of gel with the apparatus 1 occupying a minimum amount of room, as com-pared to other prior art constructions wherein relati-vely large reservoirs 2 are provided for enclosing entire substrates so as to protect various contact areas thereon.
Figures 7-10 illustrate further alternative embodi-ments of the invention. In the embodiment of Figures 7 and 8, the apparatus 31 includes flexible bridging mem-bers l9 arranged such that eight reservoirs in total are included with the apparatus. In use, the jack 5 is removed from its mounting surface rather than simply loosened as in the embodiment of Figures 11-16, and the apparatus 31 is disposed on the mounting surface such that the reservoirs 2 are disposed at a location such that they will come in contact with substrate recess contact areas 40 to be protected when the jack 5 is replaced on the mounting surface, with holes 16 being provided on the flexible bridging member for providing a means of properly orienting the apparatus 31, and in particular the rectangular shaped open sides 13 of the collapsible reservoirs 2. The holes 16 will line up with attachment holes 21 (Figure 11) through which screws extend for attaching the phone jack 5 to its mounting surface and providing a force means 10. The force means 10 causes the reservoirs to collapse, as previously explained. Subsequent to re-attaching the ~ za~7~
phone jack to its mounting surface, reservoirs 14 are pivoted about a 180 semicircle in a manner similar to tha~ illustrated by arrow 30 in Figure 14 so as to cover all the exposed and protruding contact screws or bolts 28. The embodiment of Figure 31 is particularly advantayeous in that it comprises only a single article, is easily installable, and provides an indica-tion means 16 confirming proper orientation of the apparatus. In the apparatus of Figures 11-14, orien-tation indication means is provided by the shape of the rectangular shaped open sides 13 of the reservoirs 2 which corresponds to the rectangular shape of the con-tact areas 40.
The embodiment of Figures 9 and 10 comprises first and second pieces 32, 33, with the first piece 32 con-taining a plurality of collapsible reservoirs 2 having the gel 3 disposed therein, the piece 32 being adapted for being located on the back side 26 of the phone jack 5 after its removal such that upon re-attachment of the phone jack 5 each of the reservoirs 2 is collapsed so as to exert gel therefrom into contact area recesses 40 on the back side of the phone jack 5. Subsequenkly, the piece 33 is disposed over the front side of the phone jack so as to encapsulate each of the bolts or screws 28, with the force means to the piece 33 being preferably provided by pressure sensitive adhesive 45 located on a side of the piece 33 in contact with the jack 5. Additional force means can also be provided by re-attaching the cover 22, as illustrated in Figure 15.
The embodiment Oe Figures 9 and 10 is advantageous in that relatively few pieces are required to ade-~8~723 quately protect a phone jack, indication means is pro-vided to facilitate proper installation thereof, and a plurality of reservoirs are interconnected with flexible bridging members thus reducing the component parts required to adequately protect the phone jack 5.
It is to be understood that the inventions of pro-viding collapsible reservoirs are useful in a wide variety of applications, and not specifically limited to the particular application of protecting a phone jack, as described herein, and that the invention of providing a plurality of small reservoirs intercon-nected by flexible bridging members so as to allow encapsulation of opposite surfaces of a substrate 5 in a fast and efficient manner is also not limited only to the embodiment cf the protection of phone jack 5.
The invention is particularly applicable to any appli-cation where a substrate has a contact area which has a recess which requires protection, or in any application where it is desired that gel be pumped into a location relatively remote from a surface of the substrate to which the reservoir is attached, the invention also being useful in any application where opposite sides of a substrate need to be protected in a East and effi-cient manner. Accordingly, the invention is to be limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (20)
1. An apparatus for protecting a substrate, comprising: a first reservoir; and an elastic gel having a cone penetration value between 100 and 350 (10-1 mm) and an ultimate elongation of at least 200%, the gel being contained with the reservoir prior to contacting the substrate; means for pumping at least some of the gel out of the reservoir and in contact with the substrate so as not to exceed the ultimate elongation of the gel and so as to at least partially collapse the reservoir.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, the reservoir having an open side through which the gel is dispensed outward therefrom when a portion of the reservoir collapsed.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, the reservoir having a telescopic profile extending from the open side thereof such that a cross-sectional are of the reservoir in a vicinity of the open side is larger than a cross sectional area of the area of the reservoir in a vicinity remote from the open side thereof.
4. The apparatus of claim 2, the reservoir having a structural strength such that when subject to an axial force the reservoir first collapses in a region remote from the open side, the reservoir collapsing in a piston-like manner.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, a cross-sectional are of the open side being substantially smaller than a cross-sectional area of the reservoir.
6. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a substrate having a recess therein, the reservoir having the gel therein being disposed on the substrate such that the open side of the reservoir faces the recess.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, the substrate comprising a modular telephone jack, the reservoir being disposed on a wall side of the jack confronting an end of a contact screw and mounting means therefore.
8. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising second, third and fourth reservoirs filled with the gel, the reservoirs being interconnected by flexible bridging members, and each having an open side.
9. Thr apparatus of claim 8, the pumping means pumping at least some of the gel out of and in contact with the substrate so as not to exceed the ultimate elongation of the gel and so as to at least partially collapse the second, third and fourth reservoirs.
10. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising second, third and fourth reservoirs filled with the gel, the reservoirs being interconnected by flexible bridging member and each having an open side, the pumping means pumping at least some of the gel out of the second, third and fourth reservoirs and in contact with the substrate so as not to exceed the ultimate elongation of the gel and so as to least partially collapse the second, third and fourth reservoirs, the second, third and fourth reservoirs each being disposed over the wall side of the jack.
11. The apparatus of claim 8, the second reservoir being collapsible, the bridging members being flexible enough to allow the third and fourth reservoirs to be moved from a first position whereat their respective open surfaces lie in a substantially common plane with the open surfaces of the first and second reservoirs to a second position whereat the open sides of the third and fourth reservoirs confront the open sides of the first and second reservoirs.
12. The apparatus of claim 11, the substrate comprising a modular telephone jack, the first and second reservoirs being disposed on a wall side of the jack such that the open sides of the reservoirs confront recesses on the wall side of the jack, and further comprising force means for at least partially collapsing the first and second reservoirs so as to pump gel through the open sides thereof and into the recesses, the third and fourth reservoirs being disposed opposite the first and second reservoirs on a front side of the jack.
13. The apparatus of claim 12, further comprising fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth reservoirs and mean for interconnecting the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth reservoirs to the first, second, third and fourth reservoirs, at least four of the reservoirs being collapsible.
14. The apparatus of claim 13, the interconnecting mean including means for aligning the reservoirs with the recesses.
15. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising means for supporting the reservoir, and a pressure sensitive adhesive disposed on the supporting means.
16. An apparatus for protecting a substrate, comprising: first, second, third and fourth reservoirs; an elastic gel having a cone penetration between 100 and 350 (10-1 mm) and an ultimate elongation of at least 200%, the gel being contained within the reservoir; means for flexibly interconnecting the reservoirs such that the third and fourth reservoirs can be moved from a first position whereat an open side of each of the reservoirs lies in substantially a common plane to a second position whereat the open sides of the third and fourth reservoirs confront the open sides of the first and second reservoirs.
17. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth reservoirs filled with gel, means for interconnecting the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth reservoirs to the first, second, third and fourth reservoirs such that the seventh and eighth reservoirs can be moved from a third position whereat their respective open sides lie in substantially a common plane with open side of the fifth and sixth reservoir to a fourth position wherein the open sides of the seventh and eighth reservoirs confront the open sides of the fifth and sixth reservoirs.
18. The apparatus of claim 17, further comprising means for aligning the reservoir with contact area on the substrate to be protected.
19. The apparatus of claim 18, the substrate comprising a modular telephone jack having four recesses on a wall side thereof into which contact screw extend from the front side of the phone jack.
20. An apparatus for protecting a modular telephone jack, comprising: a first member first having first, second, third and fourth reservoir therein; an elastic gel having a cone penetration between 100 and 350 (10-1 mm) and an ultimate elongation of at least 200%, the gel being contained within the reservoirs; and a pressure sensitive adhesive located on a face of the first member which bonds the first member to a modular telephone jack such that the gel is deformed and held in close and conforming contact with contact surfaces on the jack.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US76755585A | 1985-08-20 | 1985-08-20 | |
| US767,555 | 1985-08-20 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1280723C true CA1280723C (en) | 1991-02-26 |
Family
ID=25079839
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000516156A Expired - Lifetime CA1280723C (en) | 1985-08-20 | 1986-08-18 | Corrosion protection apparatus |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0213874B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH07118347B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE82648T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1280723C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3687137T2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5072854A (en) * | 1990-05-18 | 1991-12-17 | Dow Corning Corporation | Method for transporting a cured organic or organosiloxane gel |
| KR930702845A (en) * | 1990-09-04 | 1993-09-09 | 허버트 지. 버카드 | Digital main line alarm and test system |
| US5195125A (en) * | 1990-09-17 | 1993-03-16 | Raychem Corporation | Gel filled RJ11 connector |
| US5376019A (en) * | 1990-09-17 | 1994-12-27 | Raychem Corporation | Gel filled modular electrical connecting block |
| US5246383A (en) * | 1990-09-17 | 1993-09-21 | Raychem Corporation | Gel filled electrical connector |
| GB9414036D0 (en) * | 1994-07-11 | 1994-09-28 | Raychem Ltd | Electrical interconnection |
| US6971897B1 (en) | 2003-10-29 | 2005-12-06 | Tyco Electronics Corporation | Gel-filled telephone jack |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4098435A (en) * | 1976-08-16 | 1978-07-04 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Stabilized dentrifice containing initially physically separated normally reactive components |
| US4186986A (en) * | 1978-11-16 | 1980-02-05 | Amp Incorporated | Sealed splice |
| US4423918A (en) * | 1981-08-18 | 1984-01-03 | Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company | Re-enterable service wire splice closure |
| US4504699A (en) * | 1982-02-08 | 1985-03-12 | Raychem Pontoise S.A. | Sealable recoverable articles |
| DE3379013D1 (en) * | 1982-10-12 | 1989-02-23 | Raychem Corp | Apparatus for protection of a substrate |
| NO174853C (en) * | 1984-08-31 | 1994-07-20 | Raychem Corp | Gelloid material and process for making the material |
-
1986
- 1986-08-18 CA CA000516156A patent/CA1280723C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-08-19 AT AT86306401T patent/ATE82648T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-08-19 DE DE8686306401T patent/DE3687137T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-08-19 EP EP86306401A patent/EP0213874B1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-08-20 JP JP61196483A patent/JPH07118347B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3687137D1 (en) | 1992-12-24 |
| JPS6244963A (en) | 1987-02-26 |
| EP0213874A2 (en) | 1987-03-11 |
| ATE82648T1 (en) | 1992-12-15 |
| JPH07118347B2 (en) | 1995-12-18 |
| DE3687137T2 (en) | 1993-04-29 |
| EP0213874B1 (en) | 1992-11-19 |
| EP0213874A3 (en) | 1988-03-02 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKLA | Lapsed |