CA1273333A - Metal salts of hydrocarbyl substituted aromatic phosphorodithioic acids - Google Patents

Abstract

ABSTRACT
A blend of metal salts of hydrocarbyl substituted aromatic phosphorodithioic acids is disclosed. The blend of salts of the aromatic phosphorodithioic acids contain optitonally (A) high hydrocarbyl substituents, optionally (B) low hydro-carbyl substituents, and the high and the low hydro-carbyl substituent. Alternatively, the hydrocarbyl substituted substituents of an aromatic phosphoro-dithioic acid can be solely low but different hydrocarbyl derivatives. The (B) low hydrocarbyl phosphorodithioic acid component can be made utilizing mixtures of cresylic acids. These metal salts are oil-soluble and are useful as corrosion inhibitors and anti-wear agents, particularly in lubricating oil compositions.

Description

Title: M~TAL SALTS OF HYDROCARBYL SUBSTITUT2D
AROMATIC PHOSPHORODITHIOI~` ACIDS

BACRGROUND QF THE IN~EN~IQ~
The present invention relates to a mixture of metal salts containing low and/or high hydrocarbyl substituted aromatic phosphorodithioic acids. It also relates to aromatic phosphorodithioic acids having only low but different hydrocarbyl substituents, e.g.
isomers, homologs, thereon. More specifically, the present invention relates to such metal salts which are oil-soluble and can be employed in the lubrication of at least internal combustion engines~
Metal salts of phosphorodithioic acids have been utilized as lubrican~ additives for inhibiting corrosion and oxidation as well as improving extreme pressure and anti-wear properties~
Various phosphorodithioic acids and their derivatives are known.
Romanian Paten~ 75,578 relates to bis(C3_20_ alkylphenyl) phosphorodithioates and to zinc salts thereof.
European Patent Application 0,024,146 relates to zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphates wherein the hydrocarbyl compound includes alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl and cycloaliphatic groups. These compounds are utilized in combination with copper containing lubricants.

2--A paper presented at the September 7-12, 19~9/
American Chemical Society, ~ivîsion of Petroleum Chemistry, Inc., meeting at New York City, by Liston et al of Chevron Corporation, relates to various types of dihydrocarbon phosphorodithioic acids and salts there-of. The alcohols utilized in making the salts can have at least two carbon atoms and generally five or more.
A paper presented at the S.A.E., February 28-March 4, 1977, Detroit me~ting by Pless and Rodgers "Cam and Lifter Wear as Affected by Engine Oil ZDP
Concentration and Typen relates to pro~ection from excess wear by predominately alkyl ZDP instead of aryl ZDP~
U.S. Patent 2,344,393 to Cook relates to metal dithiophosphates having one or more long chain alkyl groups $o render them sufficiently soluble in lub-ricating oils. Moreover, it recognized that the zinc salt of diamylphosphorodithioic acid was oil-soluble.
U.S. Patent 2,480,673 to Reiff relates to re-acting a hydroxyaromati~ compound with P2S5 and there-after treating the product with finely divided zinc. The amount of zinc utilized, however, was small and related to removing impurities as generally opposed to forming a salt.
U.S. Patent 2,552,570 to McNab relates to di-hydrocarbyl phosphorodithioic acids wherein the hydro-carbon group can be either aliphatic or aromatic and contain a total of 10 carbon atoms in the combined aliphatic groups, whether or not attached to an aromatic nucleus.
U.S. Patent 3,000,822 to Higgins relates to zinc salts of a mixture of dialkyl phosphorodithioic acids wherein the alkyl groups comprise a mixture of lower molecular weight primary aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having less than five carbon atoms and higher molecular

3;~

weight primary aliphatic hydrocarhon radicals haviny at least five carbon atoms.
U.S. Patent 3,190,833 to Rhodes relates to oil-soluble metal phosphorodithioates which con~ain a total of at least 7.6 aliphatic ca~bon atoms per atom of phosphorus. Tc improve the oil-solubility of the metal salts, they are reacted with up to about 0.75 mole of an epoxide.
U.S. Patent 3,306,908 to LeSuer relates to Group II metal phosphorodithioates having substan-tially hydrocarbon radicals.
U.S. Patent 3,318,808 to Plemich discloses that higher carbon containing alkyl groups of abov~
four carbon atoms enhance oil-solubility. The patent also teaches the combination of C~ and lower primary and/or secondary alcohols with C5 and above alcohols.
U.S. Patent 3,346,493 to LeSuer also relates to Group II metal hydrocarbon phosphorodithioates.
U.S~ Patent 3,352,949 to Rawahara relates to certain thioesters of dithiophosphoric acid as motor fuel additives.
U.S. Patent 3,736,110 to Ownston relates to rust-inhibitors and more particularly to organic imidazoline salts of mono- and dicresylic phosphates.
U.S. Patent 3,843,530 to Niedzielski relates to preparing non-crystalline mixtures of basic or mixed basic and neutral zinc salts of dialkyldithio-phosphates containing from 1 to 13 carbon atoms in the alkyl group. The mixtures of the zinc salts contain from 4 to 13 different alkyl groups, have an average carbon content of 3.5 to 4.5, and contain at least 12%
by weight of zinc.

U.S. Patent 3,929,653 to Elliott relates to certain dithiophosphate compounds which are useful as additives. It furthermore relates to a process of reacting a di(organo)dithiophosphoric acid and a monocyclic, non-conjugated olefin containing from 8 to 12 carbon atoms and at least two ethylenically unsaturated double bonds in the ring, and optionally bearing one or more alkyl, alkoxy or hydroxy groups on the ring.
U.S. Patent 4, 085,053 to Caspari relates to a process for manufacturing metal dithiophosphates, and metal dithiophosphate compositions. The alcohol often used is an alkyl alcohol.
UOS~ Patent 4,105,571 to Shaub relates to a storage stable lubricating composition having improved anti-wear properties provided by a base oil composi-tion containing an additive combination of ~1) a zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate, (2) an ester of a polycarboxylic acid and a glycol, and (3) an ashless dispersant.
U.S. Patent 4,113l634 to Sabol relates to the manufacture of metal diaryl dithiophosphates by reacting P2S5 with a hydroxyaryl compound to form a dithiophosphoric acid and neutralizing said acid with metal in the presence of a promoter, said promoter comprising dialkyl dithiophosphoric acid.
U.S. Patent 4,306,984 to Yamaguchi relates to a procedure for rendering oil in~oluble metal C2-C3 dialkyl dithiophosphates oil-soluble by forming a complex between the dithiophosphate and an alkenyl or alkyl mono- or bis-succinimide.
U.S. Patent 4,466,895 to Schroeck relates to certain metal salts of one or more dialkylphosphoro-dithioic acids whsrein the alkyl groups, the total number of carbon atoms per phosphorus atom and the like fall within specific ranges.

SUMMA:!3Y OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, it is an aspect of the present invention to produce mixtures of metal salts which are oil-solubleO
It is a further aspect of the present invention to provide a mixture of metal salts, as above,.wherein the reaction with the metal or the basic me~al compound is carried out at a low temperature to promote the salt formation.
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide a mixture o~ metal salts, as above~ wherein cresylic acids are utilized.
It is still a further aspect of the presen~
invention to provide a mixture of metal salts, as above, which can function as effective anti-wear agents.
These and other aspects of the present invention will become apparent ~rom the attached specification which fully describes the present invention.
In general, metal salts of hydrocarbyl sub-stituted aromatic phosphorodithioic acids comprise a mixture of one or more metal salts of the aromatic phosphorodithioic acids containing optionally (A) high hydrocarbyl substituents, optionally ~B) low hydro-carbyl substituents, and a high and a low hydrocarbyl substituent.
Further, metal salts of hydrocarbyl substi-tuted aromatic phosphorodithioic acids comprise one or more metal salts of the aromatic phosphorodithioic acids containing different low hydrocarbyl substi-tuents therein.

According to the present invention, a mixture of metal salts of aromatic phosphorodithioic acids contains a high hydrocarbyl substituent and a low hydrocarbyl substituent, and optionally can contain only high hydrocarbyl substituents or only low hydrocarbyl substituents. That is, a high hydrocarbyl aromatic alcohol and a low hydrocarbyl aromatic alcohol are reacted with phosphorus sulfides to form aromatic phosphorodithioic acids. The result approximates a statis~ical mixture of aromatic phosphorodithioic acids having only high hydrocarbyl subs~ituents, only low hydrocarbyl substituents, or a high and a low hydrocarbyl substituent. The latter components are generally present in a greater amount than either of the first two noted situations. With regard to the aromatic component of the acid, it generally can be naph~hyl with phenyl being preferred.
In another embodiment, only low but at least 2 different hydrocarbyl substituents are utilized and hence, the end product approximates a statistical mixture of aromatic phosphodithioic acids having only low but often different hydrocarbyl substituents within the same acid.
The term "hydrocarbyl substituent" or "hydrocarbyl group" is used throughout this specifica-tion and in the appended claims to denote a group having a carbon atom directly attached to the remainder of the molecule and having predominately hydrocarbon character within the context of this invention. Such groups include the following:
(1) Hydrocarbon groups, that is, aliphatic (e.~., alkyl or alkenyl), alicyclic (e.g., cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl), aromatic, aliphatic- and alicyclic-substituted aromatic, aromatic-substituted aliphatic and alicyclic groups, and the like, as well as cyclic groups wherein the ring is completed through another portion of the molecule (that is, the two indicated substituents may together form a cyclic group)~ Such groups are known to those skilled in the art; examples include methyl, ethyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, octadecyl, eicosyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl and naphthyl (all isomers being included).

~ ~ ~3 (2) Substituted hydrocar~on groups, tbat is,~
groups containing non-hydrocarbon substituents which, in the context of this invention, do not alter pre-dominantly hydrocarbon character of the group. Those skilled in the art will be aware of suitable substit-uents (e.g., halo, hydroxy, alkoxy, carbalkoxy, nitro, alkylsulfoxy).
(3) Hetero groups; that is, groups which, while predominantly hydrocarbon in character within the context of this invention, contain atoms other than carbon present in a chain or ring otherwise composed of carbon atoms. Suitable hetero atoms will be apparent to those skilled in the art and include, for example, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
The high hydrocarbyl substituent thereof generally has a total of from 4 to 18 carbon atoms, desirably from 6 to 12 carbon atoms and preferably from about 6 to 8 carbon atoms with 7 car~on atoms being more preferred.
The aromatic alcohol having the high hydrocarbyl substituent therein can be represented by the formula OH
~(R')n Although ~Rl)n can be suitable hydrocarbyl group(s), desirably it is alkyl group and as noted, having a total of 4 to 18 carbon atoms, desirably from 6 to 12 and preferably from 6 to 8 carbon atoms. The number of the R' group(s), that is n, is from 1 to 3/ with l being preferred. Representative examples of such alcohols include butyl phenol, isobutyl phenol, pentyl phenol, hexyl phenol, heptyl phenol, octyl phenol, nonyl phenol, decyl phenol, dodecyl phenol, octadecyl ~'73 ~

phenol, dibutyl phenol, dinonyl phenol, didodecyl phenol, triethyl ph4nol and tributyl phenol. Since n is preferably 1 and the number of carbon atoms is desirably 7, heptyl phenol is a preferred compound.
However, often a plurality of such high hydrocarbyl aromatic alcohols or phenols are utilized in making the phosphorodithioic acids~ Thus, the various types of the high hydrocarbyl substituents on the aromatic nucleus are classified by the average number of total carbon atoms thereon. Generally, the overall average number of substituent carbon atoms (R')n is as above, that is from 4 to 18 with from 6 to 12 being desired and 6 to 8 being preferredO
The amount of the (A) high hydrocarbyl substituted aromatic alcohols or phenols is generally a minority based upon 100~ equivalents of said (A) high hydrocarbyl substituted aromatic alcohols and the (B) low hydrocarbyl substituted aromatic alcohols.
From as low as about 5 percent to about 75 percent equivalents can be utilized with from about 10 to about 65 percent equivalents being desired and from about 15 to about 40 percent equivalents being preferred.
~ he (B) low hydrocarbyl substituted aromatic alcohols generally have a total of 4 or less carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl substituent. The hydrocarbyl group can generally be any suitable substituent such as aliphatic with an alkyl being preferred. The (B) low hydrocarbyl substituted aromatic alcohol can be represented by the following formula OH
(~(R)m \

where (R~ can be suitable hydrocarbyl yroup(s~, desirably it is alkyl group(s) having from O to 4 carbon atoms, desirably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms with from 1 to 3 carbon atoms being preferred. The number of the R group(s), that is m, is an integer of from 1 to 3 with 1 or 2 being preferred. In the situation where R is O carbon atoms, the low hydrocarbyl sub-~tituted aromatic alcohol is simply phenol. Phenol is generally not desired in any large amount since it imparts poor solubility to produc~s made therefrom. A
general class of compounds falling within the above formulation are generally referred to as the cresylic acids. S~ch a group of compounds usually cvntain numerous different (B) low hydrocarbyl substituted aromatic alcohols including the cresols from which the name is derived. Suitable alcohols thus include ortho-cresol, meta-cresol, para-cresol, the various xylenols such as 2,6-xylenol, 2,4-xylenol, 2j5-xylenol, 2,3-xylenol, and 3,4-xylenol. Another group of alcohols are the ortho, meta- and para-ethylphenols. Still another group of alcohols are the propyl substituted phenols. The various trimethyl substituted phenols constitute yet another group with specific examples including 2,3,5-trimethylphenol, 2,3,4-trimethylphenol, 2,4,5- trimethylphenol, 3,4,5-trimethylphenol and the like. An example of low hydrocarbyl substituted aromatic alcohols containing four substituted carbon atoms are the various tetra-methylphenols such as 2,3,5~6- tetramethylphenol, 2,3,4,5-tetramethylphenol, 2,3,4,6- tetramethylphenol, and the like. A still further group of such aromatic alcohols include the various ethyl-methylphenols such as 4-ethyl-2-methyl-phenol, 5-ethyl-2-methylphenol and the like. Inasmuch as such aromatic alcohols are derived from various fossil fuels and depend upon the particular type of fossil fuel ~ ~73;~

and/or as well as the region of the world from which~
they are obtained~ or are derived synthetically, ~he various cresylic acids or the (B) low hydrocarbon content substituted aromatic alcohols can vary greatly in content.
According to the present invention, it is important that the low hydrocarbyl substituent (R)m con~ain an overall average of a small number of total carbon atoms. Accordingly, all of the low hydrocarbyl substituents, (R)m, generally contain an overall average number of from about 0 or from about 0.5 to 4 carbon atoms, desirably from about 1.0 to about 3.5 carbon atoms, and preferably from about 2.0 to about 3.0 carbon atoms.
The amount of the low hydrocarbyl substituted aromatic alcohols is generally from about 25 to about . 90 percent equivalents, desirably from about 35 to about 90 percent equivalents, and preferably from about 60 to about 85 percent equivalents based upon the total number of equivalents of both the (A) high hydrocarbyl substituted aromatic alcohols and the (B) low hydrocarbyl substituted aromatic alcohols.
Sources of low hydrocarbyl substituted aromatic alcohols or cresyl.ic acids are numerous. A
typical example is Product CA-33 from the Merichem Company. of Houston, Texas. Such a product ha~ an organic composition as determined by gas chromatograph and is set forth in Table I.

~ ~fa~ ^,Y

~a~

~QmeQgn~ ` Weig~
Phenol 0.1 O-Cresol Trace 2,6-Xylenol . Trace P-Cresol 0.2 M-Cresol 0.6 O-Ethylphenol 0.3 2,4-Xylenol 19.4 2,5-Xylenol 19.3 2,4,6-Trimethyl Phenol 0.8 2,3-Xylenol 8.5 P-Ethylphenol 10.7 M-E~hylphenol 23.0 3,5-Xylenol 12.0 3,4-Xylenol 3.3 C3 Phenols 1.8 7;~

The average number of carbon atoms in th~
hydrocarbyl substituent is approximately 2.07.
Another example of a cresylic acid composition is Product CA-57~of the Merichem Company which according to gas chromatograph has the following analysis as set forth in Table II.

7~1e J~J2~f~

: -13-TABLE II

5~ ~gh~
Phenol O-Cresol Trace 2,6-Xylenol P-Cresol 0.1 M-Cresol 0.2 O-Ethylphenol Trace 2,4-Xylenol 1.0 2,5-Xylenol 1.2 2,4,6-Trimethyl Phenol 0.8 2,3-Xylenol 10.7 P-Ethylphenol 15.3 r~-Ethylphenol 40.5 3,5-Xylenol 23.3 3,4-Xylenol 4.8 C3 Phenols 2.1 The average number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl substituent is approximately 2.05.
Yet another example of a commercial cre~ylic A acid is Product XL-85~ sold by the Productol Chemical Division of Ferro Corporation, Whi`ttington, California.
Gas chromatograph analysis revealed the following composition as set forth in Table III.

J~ e /t1arl~

~2~33~3 T~L~ III

C~m~ngl~ ~elgh~

Phenol Trace Ortho Cresol Trace Meta/Para Cresol 1.0 2,4-Xylenol Group 1.0 3,4-Xylenol Group 36.0 3,5-Xylenol Group 12.0 Higher Phenols 50.0 1~

~'7~

The average number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarby1 substituent is approximately 2.8.
As should be apparent, there are numerous sources and ~ypes of low hydrocarbyl substituted aromatic alcohols which can be utilized in the present invention with regard to the (B~ type reactant or component.
According to another embodiment o~ the present invention, only low hydrocarbyl substituents of the aromatic phosphorodithioic acid are utilized. In other words, no high hydrocarbyl subs~ituents are utilized and hence there is no mixture o~ metal salts of the aromatic phosphorodithioic acids containing high hydrocarbyl substituents. ~owever, it is essential to the present embodiment that at least two different types of low hydrocarbyl substituents be utilized. That is, it has been found that when different aromatic alcohols are reacted with various types of phosphorus sulfides as well as optional non-phosphorus containing sulfur compounds as set forth below, the result approximates a statistical mixture of aromatic phosphorodithioic acids often having different hydrocarbyl substituents within the same acid or individual molecule. Moreover, such different low hydrocarbyl substituents within the same individual phosphorodithioic acid have unexpectedly been found to impart favorable solubility to such compounds.
Such favorable solubility is not contained by metal salts made from a single type of low hydrocarbyl substituted aromatic alcohol. In other words, mixtures of various or different low hydrocarbyl substituted aromatic alcohols are necessary in preparing the metal salts of the present embodiment.
The low hydrocarbyl substituted aromatic alcohols with regard to this embodiment can be the same as the above (B) alcohols. That is, the alcoholx can be represented by the formula 7~

H

l~ (R)m where R is an alkyl group having from O or 0.5 to 4 carbon atoms, desirably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms wi~h from 1 to 3.5 or 3 carbon atoms being preferred. The number of such R groups, that is m is an integer from 1 to 3 with 1 or 2 being preferred. Inasmuch as such compounds have been described hereinabove, the des-cription thereof will not be repeated but rather is hereby fully incorporated by reference. However, it is essential that these two different or distinct alcohols be utilized to impart favorable solubility to the metal salt. By the term "different," it is meant that the alcohols are not identical or the same. The term "differentn includes not only different structural alcohols, but homologues of a particular aromatic alcohol as well as isomers of the same alcohol. Thus, by way of example meta, ortho and paracresol are different alcohols. Similarly, the various xylenols constitutes a different type of an aromatic alcohol, for example 2,6-~ylenol, or 2,4-xylenol, or 3,4-xylenol or the like.
As set ~orth above, various sources of low hydrocarbyl aromatic alcohols which already contain at least two different types of alcohols therein can be utilized such as the various cresylic acids which are hereby incorporated by reference. The amount of the various types of the low hydrocarbyl substituted aromatic alcohol is such that satisfactory solubility in a diluent oil is obtained.

The acids of the present invention are gener ally prepared by reacting a solution containing a combination of both the low hydrocarbyl substituted aromatic alcohols as well as the high hydrocarbyl substituted aromatic alcohols, in a ràtio as set forth within the above limits, with various types of phosphorus sulfides. When necessary, non-phosphorus containing sulfur compounds can be used. Alternatively, the acids of the present invention are also generally prepared by reacting a solution containing a mixture of different low hydrocarbyl substituted aromatic alcohols, in a ratio as set forth within the above limits, with various types of phosphorus sulfides as well as optional non-phosphorus containing sulfur compounds. Examples of various phosphorus sulfides include P2S3, P4S3, P4S7~
Examples of optional sulfur compounds include sulfur and sulfurized olefins. In the preparation of the acids, the phosphorus sulfides are initially reacted with the mixture of high and low hydrocarbyl substituted aromatic alcohols and then optionally reacted with the phosphorus-free sulfur compounds. Similarly, the phosphorus sulfides are initially reacted with the mixture of solely the low hydrocarbyl substituted aromatic alcohols and then optionally reacted with the phosphorus-free sulfur compounds. In any event, a preferred phosphorus-sulfur compound is phosphorus pentasulfide.
The preparation of the desired phosphoro-dithioic acids generally involves a reaction of from about 3 to about 5 moles and desirably about 4 moles of the alcohol mixture per mole of phosphorus pentasulfide in an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen. The reaction is generally carried out within a temperature range of from about 50C to about 200C, desirably from about 80C to about 200C and preferably from about 110C to 3~

about 140C. The reaction is normally completed in t~e time period of from about 1 to 3 hours with hydrogen sulfide being liberated during the reaction.
The metal salts of the hydrocarbyl substituted aromatic phosphorodithioic acids are readily formed by the reaction of the metal or the basic metal compound with the acid. Simply mixing and heating the two reactants together is sufficient to cause the reaction to take place. According to the present invention, it is important that the reaction temperature with regard to the formation of the metal salt be kept low to avoid excessive hydrolysis. Inasmuch as hydrolysis is to be avoided, the reaction temperature is generally ~rom about 30C to about 90C and preferably from about 50C
to about 80~C.
Typically, the metal salt ~ormation is carried out in the presence of a diluent oil, a desired oil is a low viscosity (e.g~ about 3-7 centistokes @ 40C) naphthenic oil since it gives a fluid product.
Another aspect of the present invention is that at the reaction temperature of the formation of the salt, a promoter is not required. That is, the reaction between the acid and the basic metal compound is free from any promoter. Generally, a metal salt is desired which is neutral or basic and hence, an equivalent or a slight excess of the metal or the basic metal compound is utilized to yield such an end product. Accord-ingly, the amount of metal or basic metal compound when utilized in an excess is from about 0 to about 20 per-cent with an excess of from about 5 percent to about 15 percent equivalents being desirable.
Types of metals suitable for the present invention include zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt, manganese, potassium, tin, sodium, calcium especially in combinations with other metals, as well as combinations of any of the previous metals. Additionally, basic metal compounds can be utilized such as various metal ~73 oxides, acetates and the like. Thus, examples of specific basic metal compounds include zinc oxide, copper oxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium oxide, ~inc acetate, copper acetate, and the like. Examples of preferred metals include copper and zinc with zinc being especially pre'ferred. Examples of preferred basic metal compounds include zinc oxide and copper oxide~
The metal salts of the present invention have been found to impart good anti-wear properties to various organic diluents. Moreover, in view of the fact that aromatic phosphorodithioates typically give poor anti-wear results, the fac~ that the mixtures of the present invention give good anti-wear results was actually unexpected.
The following examples illustrate the prepara-tion of the phosphorodithioic acids and the metal salts thereof. All parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
Example 1~
A mixture of 2945 parts (24 equivalents) of Cresylic Acid 57 and 1152 parts (6.0 equivalents) o heptylphenol is heated to 105C under a nitrogen atmosphere whereupon 1665 parts (15 equivalents) of phosphorus pentasulfide are added in portions over a period of 3 hours while maintaining the temperature of the mixture between about 115-12GC. The mixture is maintained at this temperature for an additional 1.5 hours upon completion of addition of the phosphorus pentasulfide and then cooled to room temperature. The reaction mixture is filtered through a filter aid, and the filtrate is the desired phosphorodithioic acid.
ExampL~_lB
Zinc oxide ~541 parts, 13.3 equivalents), 14.4 parts (0.24 equivalents) of acetic acid and 1228 parts of mineral oil are charged to a 12 liter flask. A
vacuum (100-100 mm) is applied while raising the temperature to about 70C. The phosphorodithioic aci~
(4512 parts, 12.0 equi~alents) prepared in Example lA is added over a period of about 5 hours while maintaining the temperature at 68-72C. The water is removed as it forms. The temperature is maintained at 68-72C for 2 hours after the addition of phosphorodithioic acid is complete. To ensure complete removal of the water, vacuum is adjusted to about 10 mm and the temperature is raised to about 105C and maintained at this temperature for 2 hours. The residue is filtered and the filtrate is the desired product. The product contains 6.2~% P
(6.09% theory) and 6.84% Zn (6.38% theory).
ExampL~ lC
Cuprous oxide (78.7 parts, 1.1 equivalents) and 112 parts of mineral oil are charged to a one-liter flask and 384 parts (1.0 equivalents) of the phosphoro-dithioic acid prepared in Example lA are added over a period of 2 hours while raising the temperature grad-ually to about 55C. Upon completion of the addition of the acid, the reaction mixture is maintained at about 50C. Upon completion of the addition of the acid, the reaction mixture is maintained at about 50C for about 3 hours. A vacuum is applied while raising the tempera-ture to about 80C. The residue is filtered and the filtrate is the desired product. The product is a clear liquid containing 12.0% sulfur (11.5% theory) and 12.0 copper (11.4% theory).
Example 1~
Zinc oxide (537 parts, 13.2 equivalents), 97 parts of water and 1223 parts of mineral oil are charged to a 12-liter flask. The phosphorodithioic acid (4512 parts, 12.0 equivalents) prepared in Example lA is added over a period of about 2 hours. The temperature is allowed to increase from 25C to 48~C during the addition. The temperature is increased to and main-tained at about 70C for 3 hours after the addition of phosphorodithioic acid is complete. To ensure complete ~7~

removal of water a vacuum (about 15 mm Hg) is appljied and the temperature is raised to 100C. The residue is iltered and the filtrate is the desire product. The product contains 6.29% P (6.09% theory) and 6.80~ Zn (6.39% theory).
E-xampLe 2A
A mixture 432 parts (4 equivalents) p-cresol and 432 parts (4 equivalents) of m-cresol is heated to 110C under a nitrogen atmosphere whereupon 444 parts (4 equivalents) of phosphorus pentasul~ide are added in portions over a period of 2.5 hours while maintaining the temperature of the mixture at about 110C. The mixture is maintained at this temperature for an additional 1O5 hours upon completion of the addition of the phosphorus pentasulfide and then cooled to room temperature. The reaction mixture is filtered through a filter aid and the filtrate is the desired phosphoro-dithioic acid.
Example 2B
Zinc oxide (175 parts, 2.2 equivalents) 3.55 parts (0.06 equivalents) of acetic acid, 250 parts of heptane are charged to a 3-liter flask. A vacuum is applied while raising the temperature to about 50C.
The phosphorodithioic acid (1145 parts, 3.5 equivalents) prepared in Example 2A is added over a period of about 2 hours while maintaining the temperature at about 60-65C. The temperature is raised to about 80C and kept at this temperature for 3 hours. The residue is filtered and the filtrate is the desired product. The product contains 9.01% P (8.59~ theory) and 9.11% Zn (9.06% theory).
Example 3A
Heptylphenol (1540 parts, 8.0 equivalents) is heated to 125C under a nitrogen atmosphere whereupon 444 parts (4.0 equivalents) of phosphorus pentasulfide are added in portions over a period of 1 hour while maintaining the temperature of the mixture at about ~'~,7 3;~

145C. The mixture is held at this temperature for an additional 4 hours upon completion of the addition of the phosphorus pentasulfide and then cooled to room temperature~ The reaction mixture is ~iltered through a filter aid and the filtrate is the desired phosphoro~
dithioic acid.
Example 3B
Zinc oxide (90.5 parts, 2.22 equivalents), 2.54 parts (0.04 equivalents) o~ acetic acid, 2.54 parts of water, and 919 parts of mineral oil are charged to a 3 liter flask. The mixture is heated to about 70C and 1000 parts (1.83 equivalents) of the phosphorodithioic acid of Example 3A are added over a period of 1 hour while maintaining the temperature at 70-75C. Upon completion of the addition of the phosphorodithioic acid the temperature is maintained at 70 75C or 3 hours.
Vacuum is applied and the temperature is raised to about 105C. The residue is filtered and the filtrate is the desired productO The product is a clear liquid and contains 3.0~ P.
Example ~A
Dodecyl phenol (2100 parts, 8.0 equivalents) is heated to 125C under a nitrogen atmosphere whereupon 444 parts (4.0 equivalents) of phosphorus pentasulfide are added in portions over a period of 1 hour while maintaining the temperature of th~ mixture at about 145C. The mixture is held at this temperature for an additional 4 hours upon completion of the addition of the phosphorus pentasulfide and then cooled to room temperature. The reaction mixture is filtered through a filter aid and the filtrate is the desired phosphoro-dithioic acid~
Example 4B
Zinc oxide (90.5 parts, 2.22 equivalents), 2.54 parts ~0.04 equivalents) of acetic acid, 2.54 parts of water, and 597 parts of mineral oil are charged to a 3 liter flask. The mixture is heated to about 70C and 1271 parts (1.83 equivalents) of the phosphorodithiolc acid of example 4A are added over a period of 1 hour while maintaining the temperature at 70-75C. Upon completion of the addition of the phosphorodithioic acid the temperature is maintained at 70-75C for 3 hours.
Vacuum is applied and the temperature is raised to about 105C. The residue is filtered and the ~iltrate is the desired product. The product is a clear liquid and contains 3.2% P.
Ex~ 5A
Cresylic Acid 57 (356 parts, 2.9 equivalents) is heated to about 113C under a nitrogen atmosphere whereupon 161 parts (1.45 equivalents) of phosphorus pentasulfide are added in portions over a 1.5 hour period while maintaining the temperature at 110-115C.
The mixture is held at this temperature ~or an additional 2 hours upon completion of the addition of phosphorus pentasulfide and then cooled to room temperature. The reaction mixture is filtered through a filter aid and the filtrate is the desired phosphorodithioic acid.
Example 5B
Zinc oxide (4501 parts, 1.1 equivalents), 1.2 parts (0.02 equivalents) of acetic acid, and 96.1 parts of mineral oil are charged to a 1 liter flask. A vacuum (about 100 mm) was applied and the temperature was raised to about 70C. The phosphorodithioic acid (352 parts, 1.0 equivalents) of Example 5A is added over a 2 hour period while maintaining the temperature at 72-79C. Water was removed as it formed. Upon completion of the phosphorodithioic acid addition, the temperature is held at 70-75C for an additional 3 hours. The mixture is filtered and the ~iltrate is the desired product. The product is a clear liquid.
Example ~A
A mixture of 583 parts (4.75 equivalents) of Cresylic Acid 57 and 48 parts (0.25 equivalents) of heptylphenol is heated to 120C under a nitro~en atmosphere whereupon 278 parts (2.5 equivalents) of phosphorus pentasulfide are added in portions over a one hour period while maintaining the temperature at 120-125C. The mixture is held at this temperature for 1.5 hours after the phosphorus pentasulfide addition is complete and then cooled to room temperature. The reaction mixture is filtered through a filter aid and the filtrate is the desired phosphorodithioic acid.
Example 6B
Zinc oxide (45.1 parts, 1.1 equivalents), 1.2 parts (0.02 equivalents) of acetic acid, and 99.3 parts of mineral oil are char~ed to a 1 liter flask. A vacuum (about 100 mm) is applied while ~aising the temperature to about 75C. The phosphorodithioic acid (365 parts, 1.0 equivalents) prepared in Example 6A is added over a period of 2 hours while maintaining the temperature at 75-80C. The water is removed as it forms. The temperature is maintained at about 77C for 3 hours after the phosphorodithioic acid addition is complete.
The vacuum is reduced to about 10 mm and the temperature is raised to about 100C and held at that temperature for 1 hour. The residue is filtered and the filtrate is the desired product. The product contains 7.06~ Zn (6.53% theory).
Example 7~
A mixture of 533 parts (~.0 equivalents) of Cresylic Acid XL-85 and 192 parts (1.0 equivalents) of heptylphenol is heated to 95C under a nitrogen atmosphere whereupon 278 parts (2.5 equivalents) of phosphorus pentasulfide are added in portions over a 1 hour period while maintaining the temperature at 100-110C. The mixture is held at this temperature for 1 hour after the phosphorus pentasulfide addition is complete and then cooled to room temperature. The reaction mixture is filtered through a filter aid, and the filtrate is the desired phosphorodithioic acid.

-Example 7B
Zinc oxide (45.1 parts, 1.1 equivalents), 1.2 parts (0.02 equivalents) of acetic acid, and 107 parts of mineral oil are charged to a 1 liter flask. The phosphorodithioic acid (395 parts, 1.0 equivalents) prepared in Example 7A is added ove`r a period of 1 hour while allowing the temperature to rise to about 56C.
After the phosphorodithioic acid addition is complete, the temperature is raised to about 70C an~ held there for 15 minutes. A vacuum is applied and the temperature is raised to about 100C. The residue is filtered and the filtrate is the desired product. The product contains 5.94% P (5.79% ~heory) and 6078~ Zn (6.07%
theory).
Exa~pl~ 8~
A mixture of 1095 parts (9 equivalents) of Cresylic Acid 33 and 204 parts (1 equivalent) of heptylphenol is heated to about 123C under a nitrogen atmosphere whereupon 555 parts (5 equivalents) of phosphorus pentasulfide are added in portions over a 2 hour period while maintaining the temperature at 120-123Co The mixture is held at this temperature for 2 hours after the phosphorus pentasulfide addition is complete and then cooled to room temperature. The reaction mixture is filtered and the filtrate is the desired phosphorodithioic acid.
Exam~l~ 8B
Zinc oxide (64 parts, 1.57 equivalents, 1.6 parts (00026 equivalents) of acetic acid, and 218 parts of xylene, are charged to a 2-liter flask. Vacuum (about 96 mm) is applied and the mixture is heated to about 76C. The phosphorodithioic acid (465 parts, 1l3 equivalents) prepared in Example 8A is added over a 7 hour period. Water is removed as it is formed. After the phosphorodithioic acid addition is complete, the temperature is raised to about 89C and held at that temperature for 1.5 hours. Mineral oil (127 parts) is added The pressure was reduced to about 10 mm and the temperature was increased to about 95C to remove the xylene. The residue is filtered and the ~iltrate is the desired product. The product contains 6.68~ P (6.33%
theory).
Example 9A
A mixture of 241 parts (2.0 equivalents) of Cresylic Acid 33 and 408 parts (2.0 equivalents) of heptylphenol are heated to 90C under a nitrogen atmosphere whereupon 222 parts (2.0 equivalents) of phosphorus pentasulfide are added in portions over a 1 hour period. The temperature is allowed to rise to about 120C during the addition and is maintained at 115-120C for ~ hours after the addition of phosphorus pentasulfide is complete. The reaction mixture is filtered and the filtrate is the desired phosphoro-dithioic acid.
Example 9~
Zinc oxide (49.2 parts, 1~21 equivalents), 1.2 parts (0.02 equivalents) of acetic acid, and 218 parts of xylene are charged to a 1 liter flask. Vacuum (about 94 mm Hg) is applied and the mixture is heated to about 89C. The phosphorodithioic acid (442 parts, 1.0 equivalents) prepared in Example 9A is added over a 1 hour period. The temperature is maintained at about 89C for 3 hours after the phosphorodithioic acid addition is completed. Mineral oil (118 parts) is added. The vacuum is adjusted to about 10 mm Hg and the temperature is raised to about 100C to remove xylene.
The residue is filtered and the filtrate is the desired product. The product contains 5.51% P (5.19~ theory) and 5.72% Zn (5.44~ theory).

~xam~le 10~ ~
A mixture of 615 parts (5.0 equivalents) of Cresylic Acid 33 and 355 parts (1.85 equivalents) of heptylphenol is heated to 120C under a nitrogen atmosphere. Phosphorus pentasulfide (344 parts, 3.1 equivalents) is added in portions over a 2 hour period while maintaining the temperature of the mixture at about 127-135C. The temperature is held at 130C ~or 1.5 hours after the addition of phosphorus pentasulfide is complete and then cooled to room temperature. The reaction mixture is filtered and the filtrate is the desired phosphorodithioic acid.
~xample 10~
Zinc oxide (112 parts, 2175 equivalents) and 186 parts of mineral oil are charged to a 2 liter flask.
The phosphorodithioic acid ~1045 parts, 2~5 equivalents) prepared in ~xample 10A is added over a 2 hour period while allowing the temperature of the reaction mixture to increase to about 50C. Upon completion of the phosphorodithioic acid addition, the temperature is increased to and maintained at about 75C for 3 hours.
Vacuum (about 15 mm Hg) is applied and the temperature of the reaction mixture increased to about 100C. The residue is filtered and filtrate is the desired product. The product contains 5.98% P (5.93% theory) and 6.79% Zn (6.22~ theory).
The products of the various examples, contained in a fully formulated lubricating composition, were then tested with regard to a Timken "OK" load test as well as a contact pressure test in accordance with ASTM D 2782 with the exception that in the "OK~ load test the following differences were made:

~7~

_~9_ 1. Test cup and block surfaces are mere~y "wetted" with test lubricant (approx-imately 5 drops on block). No test sample is recirculated over the surfaces during the test.
2. Test duration is 5 minutes under load.
This procedure is run as an "OK" Load test, determining "OK" Load as in ASTM
Test D 2782 except utilizing the following load increments:
a. "OK" Load <20 lb.: Determine "GK"
Load to the nearest 1 lb.
b. "OK~ Load >20 lbs.: Determine ~OK"
Load using standard load increments as described in ASTM Test D 2782.
The results of various dithiophosphate salts according to the present invention are set forth in Table IV.

~7~

TA~LE IY

TIMKEN EVALUATION OF AROMATIC ZINC
DI~OPHOSPHATES AT 0.05~ P

Alkyl Phenol OK Value Contact Pressure Example (Mole %) (lb~) (psi) lB 80% Cresylic Acid 57 20 15,325 20% Heptylphenol 2B 50% p-cresol 25 12,700 50~ m-cresol 3B 100% Heptylphenol 13 7,750 4B 100% Dodecylphenol 15 Scoring 9B 50% Cresylic Acid 33 20 11,500 50% Heptylphenol ~7 As apparent from the above table, composition~
containing Examples lB and 9B made according to t~le present invention utilizing high and low hydrocarbyl substituted aromatic alcohols had good load test 'IOK"
values as well as good contact pressures. However, compositions containing only a high hydrocarbyl substituted aromatic phosphorodithioic acid salt had poor values. Specifically, ~xample 3B containing heptylphenol had an "OK" value of 13 and a contact pressure of 7,750 psi. Example 4B had an "OK" value of and actually had scoring damage imparted thereto.
Example 2B which related to an all low but different low hydrocarbyl substituents in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention had good test results. The solubility was good in fully formulated lubricant compositions.
As previously noted, the compositions of the present invention are useful as additives for lubricants and functional fluids. They can be employed in a variety of lubricants based on diverse oils of lubricating viscosity, including natural and synthetic lubricating oils and mixtures thereofO The lubricants include crankcase lubricating oils for spark-ignited and compression-ignited internal combustion engines, ---including automobile and truck engines, two-cycle engines, aviation piston engines, marine and railroad diesel enyines, and the likeD Also contemplated are lubricants for gas engines, stationary power engines and turbines and the like. Transaxle lubricants, gear lubricants, metal-working lubricants and other lubricating oil and grease compositions, as well as functional fluids such as hydraulic fluids and automatic transmission fluids, benefit from the incorporation therein of the compositions of the present invention.
Natural oils include animal oils and vegetable oils (e.g., castor oil, lard oil) as well as liquid petroleum oils and solvent-treated or acid-treated mineral lubrica~ing oils of the para~finic, naphthen~c or mixed paraffinic-naphthenic types. ~ils of lubrica-ting viscosity derived from coal or shale oil can also be included as the base oil.
Synthetic lubricating oils include hydrocarbon oils and halosubstituted hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and interpolymerized olefins ~e.g.,-polybutylenes, polypropylenes, propylene-isobutylene, copolymers, chlorinated polybutylenes, etc.); poly(l-hexenes), poly(l-octenes), poly(l-decenes), etc. and mixtures thereof; alkylbenzenes (eOg.~ dodecylbenzenes, tetradecylbenzenes, dinonylbenzenes, di(2-ethylhexyl) benzenes, etc.); polyphenyls (e.g., biphenyls, terphenyls, alkylated polyphenyls, etc.); alkylated diphenyl ethers and alkylated diphenyl sulfides and the derivatives, analogs and homologs thereof and the like.
Alkylene oxide polymers and interpolymers and derivatives thereof where the terminal hydroxyl groups have been modified by esterification, etherification, etc. constitute another class of known synthetic oils.
These are exemplified by the oils prepared through polymerization of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, the alkyl and aryl ethers of these polyoxyalkylene polymers (e.g. methylpolyisopropylene glycol ether having an average molecular weight of 1000, diphenyl ether of polyethylene glycol having a molecular ~7eight of 500~1000, diethyl ether of polypropylene glycol having a molecular ~eight of 1000~1500, etc.) or mono- and polycarboxylic esters thereof, for example, the acetic acid esters, mixed C3-Cg fatty acid esters, or the C13 Oxo acid diester of tetraethylene glycol.
Another suitable class of synthetic lubricating oils comprises the esters of dicarboxylic acids (e~g., phthalic acid, succinic acid, alkyl succinic acids and alkenyl succinic acids, maleic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, linoleic acid dimer, malonic acid, alkyl malonic ~7~3 âcids~ alkenyl malonic acids, etc.) with a variety of alcohols (e.g., butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, di-ethylene glycol monoether, propylene glycol, etc.).
Specific examples of these esters include dibutyl adipate, di-(2~ethylhexyl) seb`acate, di-n-hexyl fumarate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl azelate, di-isodecyl acelate, dioctyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate, dieicosyl sebacate, the 2-ethylhexyl diester of linoleic acid dimer, the complex ester formed by reacting one mole of sebacic acid with two moles of tetraethylene glycol and two moles of 2-ethylhexanoic acid, and the like.
Esters useful as synthetic oils also include those made from Cs to C12 monocarboxylic acids and polyols and polyol ethers such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, etcO
Silicon~based oils such as the polyalkyl-, polyaryl-, polyalkoxy-, or polyaryloxy-siloxane oils and silicate oils comprise another class of synthetic oils (e~g., tetraethyl silicate, tetraisopropyl silicate, tetra-(p-tertbutylphenyl) silicate, hexa-(4-methyl-2-pentoxy)-disiloxane, poly(methyl) siloxanes, poly ~methylphenyl)siloxanes, etc.). Other synthetic oils include liquid esters of phosphorus-containing acids (e.g., tricresyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, diethyl ester of decylphosphonic acid, tc.), polymeric tetra-hydrofurans and the like.
Unrefined, refined and rerefined oils (and mixtures of each with each other) of the type disclosed hereinabove can be used in the lubricants and functional fluids of the present invention. Unrefined oils are those obtained directly from a natural or synthetic source without further purification treatment. For example, a shale oil obtained directly from retorting operations, a petroleum oil obtained directly fr~m distillation or an ester oil obtained directly from an esterification process and used ~ithout further treatment would be an unrefined oil. Refined oils are similar to the unrefined oils except they have been further treatment in one or more purification steps to improve one or more properties. Many-such purification techniques are known to those of skill in the art such as solvent extraction, acid or base extraction, filtra-tion, percolation, etc. Rerefined oils are obtained by processes similar to those used to obtain refined oils applied to refined oils which have been already in service. Such rerefined oils are also known as reclaimed or reprocessed oils and often are additionally processed by techniques directed to removal of spent additives and oil breakdown products.
Generally, the lubricants and functional fluids o~ the present invention contain an amount of the com-positions of this invention sufficient to provide it with antioxidant and/or anti-wear properties. Normally this amount will be about 0.25 percent to about 10 percent, preferably about 0.4 percent to about 7.5 percent of the total weight of the fluid.
The invention also contemplates the use of other additives in combination with the compositions of this invention. Such additives include, for example, detergents and dispersants of the ash-producing or ashless type, corrosion- and auxiliary oxidation-inhibiting agents, pour point depressing agents, auxiliary extreme pressure agents, color stabilizers and anti-foam agents~
The ash-producing detergents are exemplified by oil-soluble neutral and basic salts of alkali or alkaline earth metals with sul~onic acids, carboxylic acids, or organic phosphorus acids characterized by at least one direct carbon-to-phosphorus linkage such as those prepared by the treatment of an olefin polymer (e.g., polyisobutene having a molecular weight o~ 1000~
with a phosphorizing pentasulfide, phosphorus tri-chloride and sulfur, white phosphor~s and a sulfur halide, or phosphorothioic chloride. The most commonly used salts of such acids are those o~ sodium, potassium, litium, calcium, magnesium, strontium and barium.
The term "basic salt~ is used to designate metal salts wherein the metal is present in stoichio-metrically larger amounts than the organic acid radical. The commonly employed methods for preparing the basic salts involve heating a mineral oil solution of an acid with a stoichiometric excess of a metal neutralizing agent such as the metal oxide, hydroxide, carbonate, bicarbonate, or sulfide at a temperature above 50C and filtering the resulting mass. The use of a "promoter" in the neutralization step to aid the incorporation of a large excess of metal likewise is known. Examples of compounds useful as the promoter include phenolic substances such as phenol, naphthol, alkylphenol, thiophenol, sulfurized alkylphenol, and condensation products of formaldehyde with a phenolic substance; alcohols such as methanol, 2-propanol, octyl alcohol, cellosolve, carbitol, ethylene glycol, stearyl alcohol, and cyclohexyl alcohol; and amines such as aniline, phenylenediamine, phenothiazine, phenyl-beta-naphthylamine, and dodecylamine. A particularly effective method for preparing the basic salts comprises mixing an acid with an excess of a basic alkaline earth metal neutralizing agent and at least one alcohol promoter, and carbonating the mixture at an elevated temperature such as 60-200C.

Ashless detergents and dispersants are r SO
called despite the fact that, depending on its constitution, the dispersant may upon combustion yield a non-volatile material such as boric oxide or phosphorus pentoxide; however, it does not ordinarily contain metal and therefore does not yield a metal-containing ash on combustion. Many types are known in the art, and any of them are suitable for use in the lubricants of this invention. The following are illustrative:
(1) Reaction products are carboxylic acids (or derivatives thereof) containing at least about 34 and preferably at least about 54 carbon atoms with nitrogen-containing compounds such as amine, organic hydroxy compounds such as phenols and alcohols, and/or basic inorganic materials. Examples of these "carboxylic dispersants" are described in British Patent 1,306,529 and in many U.S. patents including the following:

3,163,603 3,351,552 3,541,012 3,184,474 3,381,022 3,542,678 3,215,707 3,3g9,141 3,542,680 3,219,666 3,415,750 3,567,637 3,271,310 3,433,744 3,574,101 3,272,746 3,444,170 3,576,743 3,281,357 3,44~,048 3,630,904 3,306,gO8 3,448,049 3,632,510 3,311,558 3,451,933 3,632,511 3,316,177 3,454,607 3,697,428 3,340,281 3,467,668 3,725,441 3,341,542 3,501,405 Re 26,433 3,346,493 3,522,179 ~ (2) Reaction products of relatively high molecular weight aliphatic or alicyclic halides with amines, preferably polyalkylene polyamines. These may t.~

be characterized as "amine dispersants'1 and examplRs thereof are described ~or example, in the following U.S
patents:

3,275,554 3,454,.555 3,438,757 3,565,804 (3) Reaction products of alkyl phenols in which the alkyl group contains at least about 30 carbon atoms with aldehydes (especially formaldehyde) and amines ~especially polyalkylene polyamines), which may be characterized as "Mannich dispersants". The materials described in the following U.S. patents are illustrative:

3,413,347 3,725,480 3,697,57~ 3,726,882 3,725,277

(4) Products obtained by post-treating the carboxylic, amine or Mannich dispersants with such reagents as urea, thiourea, carbon disulfide, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, hydrocarbon-substituted succinic anhydrides, nitriles, epoxides, boron copounds, phosphoruc compounds or the like. Exemplary materials of this kind are described in the following U.S.
patents:

3,036,003 3,282,955 3,493,520 3,639,242 3,087,936 3,312,619 3,502,677 3,649,229 3,200,107 3,366,569 3,513,093 3,649,659 3,216,936 3,367,943 3.533.945 3,658,836 3,254,025 3,373,111 3,539,633 3,697,574 3,256,185 3,403,102 3,573,010 3,702,757 3,278,550 3,442,808 3,579,450 3,703,536 3,280,234 3,455,831 3,591,598 3,704,308 3,281,428 3,455,832 3,600,372 3,708,522 3~;~

(5) Interpolymers of oil-solubiliziny monomers such as decyl methacrylate, vinyl decyl ether and high molecular weight olefins with monomers containing polar substituents, e.g., aminoalkyl acrylates or acrylamides and poly-(oxyethylene)-substituted acrylates. ~hese may be characterized as "polymeric dispersants" and examples thereof are disclosed in the following U.S. patents:

3,329,658 3,666,730 3,449,250 3,687,849 3,519,565 3,702,300 Auxiliary extreme pressure agents and corrosion-and auxiliary oxidation-inhibiting agents are exemplified by chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorinated wax; organic sulfides and polysulfides such as benzyl disulfide, bis(chlorobenzyl)disulfide, dibutyl tetra-sulfide, sulfurized methyl ester of oleic acid, sulfurized alkylphenol, sulfurized dipentene, and sul~urized terpene;
phosphosulfurized hydrocarbons such as the reaction product of a phosphorus sulfide with turpentine or methyl oleate; phosphorus esters including principally dihydrocarbon and trihydrocarbon phosphites such as dibutyl phosphite, diheptyl phosphite, dicyclohexyl phosphite, pentylphenyl phosphite, dipentylphenyl phosphite, tridecyl phosphite, distearyl phosphite, dimethyl naphthyl phosphite, oleyl 4-pentylphenyl phosphite, polypropylene (molecular weight 500)-substituted phenyl phosphite, diisobutyl-substituted phenyl phosphite; and metal dithiocarbamates, such as zinc dioctyldithiocarbamate and barium heptylphenyl dithiocarbamate.

,~ ~
.~ .\

;3;~

Pour poink depressants are a particularly usefu]
type of additive o~ten included in the lubricating oils described herein. The use of such pour point depressants in oil-based composition to improve low temperature properties of oil-based composition~ is well known in the art. See, for example, page 3 of "Lubricant Additives" by C.V. Smalheer and R. Kennedy Smith (Lezius-~iles Co.
publishers, Cleveland, Ohio, 1967).

Examples of useful pour point depressanks are polymethacrylates, polyacrylates; polyacrylamides;
condensation products of haloparaffin waxes and aromatic compounds, vinyl carboxylate polymers; and terpolymers of dialkylfumarates, vinylesters of fatty acids and alkylvinylethers. Pour point depressants useful for the purposes of this invention, techniques for their - preparation and their uses are described in U.S. Patent Nos 2,387,501; 2,015,748; 2,655,479; 1,815,022; and 3,250,715.

The metal salt compositions of this invention can be added directly to the lubricant. When contained in a lubricant composition, the amount of the metal salt compositions is such that the amount of phosphorus in said lubricating composition from about 0.001 to about 0.15 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the lubricant composition. A more desirable amount of the metal salts of hydrocarbyl substituted aromatic phosphorodithioic acids is from 0.025 to about 0.1 parts by weight of the phosphorus in said lubricant composition. However, they are often diluted with a substantially inert, normally liquid organic diluent such as mineral oil, naphtha, benzene, toluene, xylene, or the like to form an additive concentrate.
These concentrates usually contain from about 3 to about percent by weight of the metal salts of the present ``

invention, as set forth in Table V. Additionally, t~e concentrates can contain one or more additive known in the art or described hereinabove. The remainder of the concentrate is substantially inert normally liquid diluent.
The amount of the metal salts contained in the lubricant composition is generally a minor amount with a major amount being the lubricating oil.

~'~ 7 3;~

TABLE V

~oncentrat~ A

Product of Example lD 34 ~ 5% by weight Mineral Oil 13.8% by weight Basic Calcium Petroleum Sulfonate 51~7~/o by wei~ht Concentrate ~

Product of Example lB 10% by weight Mineral Oil 90% by weight ~a~

Product of Example 2B 15~ by weight Mineral Oil 50% by weight Polybutenyl Succinic Anydride-Ethylene Polyamine Reaction Product 35% by weight While in accordance with the patent statutes a best mode and pre~erred embodiment have been set forth, it is to be understood that various modifications thereof will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading of the specification.~ Therefore, it is to be understood that the invention disclosed herein is intended to cover such modifications as fall within the scope of the attached claims.

Claims (15)

THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:

1. Metal salts of mixed hydrocarbyl substituted aromatic phosphorodithioic acids, a portion of the acids having an aromatic moiety substituted with at least one low hydrocarbyl substituent having 0 to 4 carbon atoms, and having an aromatic moiety substituted with either:
(i) at least one other low hydrocarbyl substituent having 0 to 4 carbon atoms; or (ii) at least one high hydrocarbyl substituent having 4 to about 18 carbon atoms.

2. The metal salts defined in claim 1, wherein a portion of the phosphorodithioic acids have aromatic moieties substituted with only at least one low hydrocarbyl substituent, and a portion of the acids have aromatic moieties substituted with only at least one high hydrocarbyl substituent.

3. The metal salts defined in claim 2, wherein a total of about 5 to about 75 percent equivalents of substituents on aromatic moieties are low hydrocarbyl substituents having 0 to 4 carbon atoms, and a total of about 25 to about 95 percent equivalents of substituents on aromatic moieties are high hydrocarbyl substituents having 4 to about 12 carbon atoms.

4. The metal salts defined in claim 2, wherein a total of about 60 to about 85 percent equivalents of substituents on aromatic moieties are low hydrocarbyl substituents having 0 to 4 carbon atoms, and a total of about 15 to about 40 percent equivalents of substituents on aromatic moieties are high hydrocarbyl substituents having 4 to about 18 carbon atoms.

5. The metal salts defined in claims 2, 3 or 4 wherein the overall average of carbon atoms in all substituents on all aromatic moieties is about 1 to about 7.

6. The metal salts defined in claim 1, wherein low hydrocarbyl substituents have an average of about 1 to about 3.5 carbon atoms, and high hydrocarbyl substituents have an average of about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms.

7. The metal salts defined in claim 1, wherein all hydrocarbyl substituents are alkyl.

8. The metal salts defined in claim 1, wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese, potassium, tin, sodium, calcium and combinations thereof.

9. The metal salts defined in claim 1, wherein the metal is zinc, copper or mixtures thereof.

10. The metal salts defined in claim 1, which are prepared by reacting: at least one aromatic alcohol which is substituted with at least one high hydrocarbyl substituent having 4 to about 18 carbon atoms; and at least one aromatic alcohol which is substituted with at least one low hydrocarbyl substituent having 0 to 4 carbon atoms; with phosphorus sulfides and, optionally, sulfur;
and subsequently reacting with a metal or a basic metal compound.

11. The metal salts defined in claim 1, which are prepared by reacting: at least two different aromatic alcohols which independently are substituted with at least one low hydrocarbyl substituent having 0 to 4 carbon atoms; with phosphorus sulfides and, optionally, sulfur;
and subsequently reacting with a metal or a basic metal compound.

12. The metal salts defined by claims 10 or 11 wherein the alcohols substituted with low hydrocarbyl substituents are cresylic acids.

13. An additive concentrate comprising a liquid organic diluent and about 3 to about 90 percent by weight of the metal salts defined in claim 1.

14. A lubricant comprising a major amount of a lubricating oil and a minor amount of the metal salts defined in claim 1.

15. The lubricant defined in claim 14, wherein the metal salts are present in sufficient amounts to provide about 0.001 to about 0.15 parts by weight phosphorus, per 100 parts by weight of lubricating oil.