CA1257810A - Ship for icy seas - Google Patents
Ship for icy seasInfo
- Publication number
- CA1257810A CA1257810A CA000478187A CA478187A CA1257810A CA 1257810 A CA1257810 A CA 1257810A CA 000478187 A CA000478187 A CA 000478187A CA 478187 A CA478187 A CA 478187A CA 1257810 A CA1257810 A CA 1257810A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- seawater
- nozzles
- ship
- hull
- sea
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/08—Ice-breakers or other vessels or floating structures for operation in ice-infested waters; Ice-breakers, or other vessels or floating structures having equipment specially adapted therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
- Y02T70/10—Measures concerning design or construction of watercraft hulls
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Cleaning Or Clearing Of The Surface Of Open Water (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A ship adapted for travel in icy seas includes a plurality of nozzles provided in outer side plates of the ship's a hull and directed in certain directions, and a pump for drawing in seawater from a seawater intake at the bottom of the ship and for expelling the seawater into the sea from the nozzles. A heater is inserted between the pump and the nozzles for heating the seawater before the seawater is expelled into the sea.
The expelled seawater forms a water layer between the hull and floating ice to reduce friction during travel and also functions to forcibly repel floating ice from the ship's hull.
A ship adapted for travel in icy seas includes a plurality of nozzles provided in outer side plates of the ship's a hull and directed in certain directions, and a pump for drawing in seawater from a seawater intake at the bottom of the ship and for expelling the seawater into the sea from the nozzles. A heater is inserted between the pump and the nozzles for heating the seawater before the seawater is expelled into the sea.
The expelled seawater forms a water layer between the hull and floating ice to reduce friction during travel and also functions to forcibly repel floating ice from the ship's hull.
Description
~ '7810 This invention relates to ships, inclusive of icebreakers, that are capable of travelling in icy or fro~en seas under a low frictional resistance.
A ship of the type described meets resistance during the course of travel in an icy or frozen sea environment. Such resistance stems from the force needed to break through ice, a frictional force ascribable to travel through ordinary seawater, and a frictional force between the ship's hull and ice which has already been broken. For ordinary commercial shrps that travel in icy waters where the ice has already been broken, the frictional force ascribable to the broken ice is the greatest of the three abovementioned forces.
There are prior-art proposals for eliminating the solid frictional resistance or impact resistance that comes into play between the ice and the ship's hull by the expedient of forming a fluidic layer of seawater on the surface of the hull so that the only resistance met by the hull will be of a fluidic rather than of a solid nature, thereby reducing the total resistance encountered during travel. For example, the PCT
Publication No Wo 8300850 discloses an ice-breaker vessel which comprises a hull having a seawater intake, out plate in which a nozzle is provided and a pump connected to the ., seawater Intake and sald nozzle. By thls arrangement a mlxture of alr and seawater Is Jetted from the hull so that a seawater layer may form on the hull, nameiy between the shlp and Ice.
The present Inventlon provldes an Icy seagolng shlp, Incluslve of an Icebreaker, whlch achleves a sharp decllne In reslstance durlng travel ~y repelllng chunks of Ice from the proxlml~y of the shlp~s slde and formlng an enveloplng seawater layer about the entlrety of the shlp's slde through a s~mple con-structlon and In a hlghly effectlve manner.
Accordlng to the present Inventlon, there Is provlded a shlp for travel on Icy s~as, comprlslng a hull whlch Includes 2 bottom havlng a seawater Intake, and outer plates constltutlng sldes of the shlp; a plurallty of nozzles provlded In the outer plates; and a pump connected ~o the seawater Intake and to the nozzles for drawlng In seawater from the seawater Intake and for expelllng the seawater Into the sea from the nozzles. A set of the nozzles are dlsposed below the surface of the sea and ZO dlrected upwardly so that the seawater expelled there~rom wlll rlse along the sldes of the shlp to form an effectlve seawater layer. Slnce the expelled seawater possesses a lar~e mass, floatlng chunks of Ice are repelled from the sldes of the shlp In an efflclent manner. The expe!led seawater forms a seawater layer along the sldes of the hull wlthout any ~ - - 2 -v appreciabie spread or dissipation of the flow, thereby limiting the resistance met by the ship during travel to a fluidic resistance which is markedly reduced in magnitude.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a heater is connected between the pump and the nozzles for heating the seawater, which has been drawn in by the pump, through use of a heat source located internally of the ship. The seawater so heated is expelled from the nozzles to melt the surface of any icy mass that comes into contact with the hull, thereby facilitating the formation of a seawater layer along the sides of the hull. The heat source ma! be high-temperature discharge water that res~lts from cooling of the ship's engine, or steam received from the ship's ~oiler at high temperature and pressure.
This makes it possible to employ a heater which relies-upon excess thermal energy if the heat source is the high-temperature discharge water, or which utilizes a portion of the circulating energy obtained from the ( steam. The end result is effective utilization of
A ship of the type described meets resistance during the course of travel in an icy or frozen sea environment. Such resistance stems from the force needed to break through ice, a frictional force ascribable to travel through ordinary seawater, and a frictional force between the ship's hull and ice which has already been broken. For ordinary commercial shrps that travel in icy waters where the ice has already been broken, the frictional force ascribable to the broken ice is the greatest of the three abovementioned forces.
There are prior-art proposals for eliminating the solid frictional resistance or impact resistance that comes into play between the ice and the ship's hull by the expedient of forming a fluidic layer of seawater on the surface of the hull so that the only resistance met by the hull will be of a fluidic rather than of a solid nature, thereby reducing the total resistance encountered during travel. For example, the PCT
Publication No Wo 8300850 discloses an ice-breaker vessel which comprises a hull having a seawater intake, out plate in which a nozzle is provided and a pump connected to the ., seawater Intake and sald nozzle. By thls arrangement a mlxture of alr and seawater Is Jetted from the hull so that a seawater layer may form on the hull, nameiy between the shlp and Ice.
The present Inventlon provldes an Icy seagolng shlp, Incluslve of an Icebreaker, whlch achleves a sharp decllne In reslstance durlng travel ~y repelllng chunks of Ice from the proxlml~y of the shlp~s slde and formlng an enveloplng seawater layer about the entlrety of the shlp's slde through a s~mple con-structlon and In a hlghly effectlve manner.
Accordlng to the present Inventlon, there Is provlded a shlp for travel on Icy s~as, comprlslng a hull whlch Includes 2 bottom havlng a seawater Intake, and outer plates constltutlng sldes of the shlp; a plurallty of nozzles provlded In the outer plates; and a pump connected ~o the seawater Intake and to the nozzles for drawlng In seawater from the seawater Intake and for expelllng the seawater Into the sea from the nozzles. A set of the nozzles are dlsposed below the surface of the sea and ZO dlrected upwardly so that the seawater expelled there~rom wlll rlse along the sldes of the shlp to form an effectlve seawater layer. Slnce the expelled seawater possesses a lar~e mass, floatlng chunks of Ice are repelled from the sldes of the shlp In an efflclent manner. The expe!led seawater forms a seawater layer along the sldes of the hull wlthout any ~ - - 2 -v appreciabie spread or dissipation of the flow, thereby limiting the resistance met by the ship during travel to a fluidic resistance which is markedly reduced in magnitude.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a heater is connected between the pump and the nozzles for heating the seawater, which has been drawn in by the pump, through use of a heat source located internally of the ship. The seawater so heated is expelled from the nozzles to melt the surface of any icy mass that comes into contact with the hull, thereby facilitating the formation of a seawater layer along the sides of the hull. The heat source ma! be high-temperature discharge water that res~lts from cooling of the ship's engine, or steam received from the ship's ~oiler at high temperature and pressure.
This makes it possible to employ a heater which relies-upon excess thermal energy if the heat source is the high-temperature discharge water, or which utilizes a portion of the circulating energy obtained from the ( steam. The end result is effective utilization of
2~
energy and an overall reduction in the size of the system.
The seawater may be expelled from the nozzles in the form of warm seawater or steam depending upon type of heat source provided internally of the ship. Seawater expelled as steam will warm the seawater in the vicinity of the nozzles immediately upon contact. Much the same effect i s obta i ned by expelling warm seawater from the nozzles.
An additional set of nozzles may provided in the outer plates at a position above the sea surface and arranged to point toward the sea, thereby enhancing the effect of repelling floating ice from the sides of the ship. The seawater expelled from this set of nozzles need not be heated.
A set of nozzles for expelling seawater toward the stern Oc the ship can also be provided in the outer plates at a position below the sea surface. Such a configuration wil7 induce a backward flow of floating ice and greatly reduce the frictional resistance between the ship's hull and sea water. Much the same effect can be obtained if the upwardly facing nozzles located below the sea surface are so oriented as to produce a flow component directed toward the stern of the ship.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description taken in coniunction with the accompanying drawings, in which li~e reference characters designate the same or similar parts throughout the figures thereof.
Fig. 1 is a side view illustrating the entirety of the hull of a ship embodying the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of Fig. l;
Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing one example of the general construction of a heater depicted in Fig.
2; and Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing another example of the general construc~ion of the heater depicted in Fig. 2.
Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate an embodiment o a ship according to the present invention. The ship has a hull which includes a bottom provided with a seawater inta'~e 1. ~ pu~p 2 is connected to the intake l for drawing in seawater and is further connected to a heater 3 and to a plurality of upper nozzles 73, described below.
The heater 3 relies upon a heat source for heating the seawater taken in through the intake 1. In the embodiment of Fig. 3 where the heat source is high-temperature discharge water obtained from cooling of the ship's engine, the heater 3 is connected to a pipe 4 the other end of which is connected to the pump 2, a pipe 5 for introducing the high-temperature discharge water, and a pipe 6 ,he other eqd of which is connected to a plurality of lower nozzles 71 and to a plurality of backflow nozzles 72. In Fig. 3, the heater 3 defines a chamber for mixing the seawater received via the pipe 4 by the action of the pump 2, and the high-temperature discharge water received via the pipe 5. The warm mixture of seawater and high-temperature discharge water is fed to the nozzles 71, 72, described below, via the pipe 6 by the action of the pump 2.
.
~....
7~310 Where the heat source is high-temperature, high-pressure steam obtained from the ship's boiler, as shown in the embodiment of Fig. 4, the heater 3 defines a chamber for internally accommodating a segment of a pipe 5' through which the steam is conveyed. As in Fig. 3, the heater 3 is connected to the pipe 4 the other end of which is connected to the pump 2, and to the pipe 6 connected to ~he nozzles 71, 72. The s~eam fro~ the boiler is passed through the pipe 5', which guides the steam through the chamber of the heater 3 and then circulates it back to the boiler. The pump 2 draws seawater from the intake 1 and feeds it into the chamber of the heater 3 via the pipe 4. Heat possessed by the steam is transferred through the walls of the pipe ~' to the seawater within the chamber of the heater 3 before the seawater is guided as warmed sea~ater or as steam to the plurality of lower nozzles 71 and backflow nozzles 72 by the pipe 6 through the action of the pump 2.
The nozzles 71, 72, 73 mentioned above are formed in outer plates constituting the sides of the ship's hull. As best shown in Fig. ~, the plurality of lower nozzles 71 which receive the warm seawater or steam from the heater 3 via the pipe 6 are provided near the ship's bottom and point upwardly toward the surface of the sea to form a warm seawater layer directed toward the sea surface and along the sides of the hull. The plurality of backflow nozzles 72 which also receive the ' _. . .
``` 12S~7~10 warm seawater or steam from the heater 3 via the p~ipe 6 are disposed just below the sea surface and are adapted to eject the warm seawater or steam toward the stern of the ship. The plurality of upper nozzles 73 are disposed in the outer plates at the sides of the hull at positions above the sea surface and point downwardly toward the sea to repel chunks of floating ice from the hull. To this end, the upper nozzles 73 are connected by piping directly to the pump 2 so as to eject seawater taken up by the pump. It should be noted that the uoper nozzles 73 can be connected to the pipe 6 so as to eject warm water in the manner of the nozzles 71, 72.
The positions, distribution, number and ejection pressure OL the lower nozzles, 71, backflow nozzles 72 and upper nozzles 73 preferably are selected in accordance with the distribution of frictional forces that act upon the hull owing to the presence of ice during the course of the ship's travel.
( In operation in icy seas, seawater is expelled from the lower nozzles 71 to form an upwardly directed seawater layer along the sides of the hull while repelling chunks of floating ice from the hull. Where necessary, seawater is also ejected from the upper nozzles 73 toward the sea surface to repel floating ice from the sides oF the hull. The lower and upper nozzles 71, 73 may thus cooperate to more effectively form a water layer between the hull and the surrounding -- .
7~3~0 _~_ ice. The resistanc~ which the hull meets during travel through icy seas can be reduced even further by simultaneously expelling seawater from the backflow nozzles 72. Moreover, since the seawater expelled by the nozzles 71, 72, 73 can be heated or converted into steam by the heater as described above, a water layer can be formed between the hull and the surrounding ice in a very e~Cective manner.
1~
,~ -
energy and an overall reduction in the size of the system.
The seawater may be expelled from the nozzles in the form of warm seawater or steam depending upon type of heat source provided internally of the ship. Seawater expelled as steam will warm the seawater in the vicinity of the nozzles immediately upon contact. Much the same effect i s obta i ned by expelling warm seawater from the nozzles.
An additional set of nozzles may provided in the outer plates at a position above the sea surface and arranged to point toward the sea, thereby enhancing the effect of repelling floating ice from the sides of the ship. The seawater expelled from this set of nozzles need not be heated.
A set of nozzles for expelling seawater toward the stern Oc the ship can also be provided in the outer plates at a position below the sea surface. Such a configuration wil7 induce a backward flow of floating ice and greatly reduce the frictional resistance between the ship's hull and sea water. Much the same effect can be obtained if the upwardly facing nozzles located below the sea surface are so oriented as to produce a flow component directed toward the stern of the ship.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description taken in coniunction with the accompanying drawings, in which li~e reference characters designate the same or similar parts throughout the figures thereof.
Fig. 1 is a side view illustrating the entirety of the hull of a ship embodying the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of Fig. l;
Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing one example of the general construction of a heater depicted in Fig.
2; and Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing another example of the general construc~ion of the heater depicted in Fig. 2.
Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate an embodiment o a ship according to the present invention. The ship has a hull which includes a bottom provided with a seawater inta'~e 1. ~ pu~p 2 is connected to the intake l for drawing in seawater and is further connected to a heater 3 and to a plurality of upper nozzles 73, described below.
The heater 3 relies upon a heat source for heating the seawater taken in through the intake 1. In the embodiment of Fig. 3 where the heat source is high-temperature discharge water obtained from cooling of the ship's engine, the heater 3 is connected to a pipe 4 the other end of which is connected to the pump 2, a pipe 5 for introducing the high-temperature discharge water, and a pipe 6 ,he other eqd of which is connected to a plurality of lower nozzles 71 and to a plurality of backflow nozzles 72. In Fig. 3, the heater 3 defines a chamber for mixing the seawater received via the pipe 4 by the action of the pump 2, and the high-temperature discharge water received via the pipe 5. The warm mixture of seawater and high-temperature discharge water is fed to the nozzles 71, 72, described below, via the pipe 6 by the action of the pump 2.
.
~....
7~310 Where the heat source is high-temperature, high-pressure steam obtained from the ship's boiler, as shown in the embodiment of Fig. 4, the heater 3 defines a chamber for internally accommodating a segment of a pipe 5' through which the steam is conveyed. As in Fig. 3, the heater 3 is connected to the pipe 4 the other end of which is connected to the pump 2, and to the pipe 6 connected to ~he nozzles 71, 72. The s~eam fro~ the boiler is passed through the pipe 5', which guides the steam through the chamber of the heater 3 and then circulates it back to the boiler. The pump 2 draws seawater from the intake 1 and feeds it into the chamber of the heater 3 via the pipe 4. Heat possessed by the steam is transferred through the walls of the pipe ~' to the seawater within the chamber of the heater 3 before the seawater is guided as warmed sea~ater or as steam to the plurality of lower nozzles 71 and backflow nozzles 72 by the pipe 6 through the action of the pump 2.
The nozzles 71, 72, 73 mentioned above are formed in outer plates constituting the sides of the ship's hull. As best shown in Fig. ~, the plurality of lower nozzles 71 which receive the warm seawater or steam from the heater 3 via the pipe 6 are provided near the ship's bottom and point upwardly toward the surface of the sea to form a warm seawater layer directed toward the sea surface and along the sides of the hull. The plurality of backflow nozzles 72 which also receive the ' _. . .
``` 12S~7~10 warm seawater or steam from the heater 3 via the p~ipe 6 are disposed just below the sea surface and are adapted to eject the warm seawater or steam toward the stern of the ship. The plurality of upper nozzles 73 are disposed in the outer plates at the sides of the hull at positions above the sea surface and point downwardly toward the sea to repel chunks of floating ice from the hull. To this end, the upper nozzles 73 are connected by piping directly to the pump 2 so as to eject seawater taken up by the pump. It should be noted that the uoper nozzles 73 can be connected to the pipe 6 so as to eject warm water in the manner of the nozzles 71, 72.
The positions, distribution, number and ejection pressure OL the lower nozzles, 71, backflow nozzles 72 and upper nozzles 73 preferably are selected in accordance with the distribution of frictional forces that act upon the hull owing to the presence of ice during the course of the ship's travel.
( In operation in icy seas, seawater is expelled from the lower nozzles 71 to form an upwardly directed seawater layer along the sides of the hull while repelling chunks of floating ice from the hull. Where necessary, seawater is also ejected from the upper nozzles 73 toward the sea surface to repel floating ice from the sides oF the hull. The lower and upper nozzles 71, 73 may thus cooperate to more effectively form a water layer between the hull and the surrounding -- .
7~3~0 _~_ ice. The resistanc~ which the hull meets during travel through icy seas can be reduced even further by simultaneously expelling seawater from the backflow nozzles 72. Moreover, since the seawater expelled by the nozzles 71, 72, 73 can be heated or converted into steam by the heater as described above, a water layer can be formed between the hull and the surrounding ice in a very e~Cective manner.
1~
,~ -
Claims (4)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A ship adapted for travel in icy seas, comprising:
a hull which includes a bottom having a seawater intake, and outer plates forming the sides of the ship; a plurality of noz-zles provided in the outer plates; and a pump connected to the seawater intake and to said nozzles for drawing in seawater from the seawater intake and for expelling the seawater into the sea from said nozzles, a set of said nozzles being arranged below the sea surface and directed upwardly toward the sea surface.
a hull which includes a bottom having a seawater intake, and outer plates forming the sides of the ship; a plurality of noz-zles provided in the outer plates; and a pump connected to the seawater intake and to said nozzles for drawing in seawater from the seawater intake and for expelling the seawater into the sea from said nozzles, a set of said nozzles being arranged below the sea surface and directed upwardly toward the sea surface.
2. The ship according to claim 1, wherein some said nozzles include a first set located below and directed upwardly toward the sea surface, and a second set located above and directed downwardly toward the sea surface.
3. The ship according to claim 1 or 2, wherein some of said nozzles arranged below the sea surface are directed toward the stern of the ship.
4. The ship according to claim 1, including a heater inserted between said pump and said nozzles for heating the sea-water to convert the seawater into steam.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1984056282U JPS60168694U (en) | 1984-04-17 | 1984-04-17 | ice sea ship |
| JP59-56282 | 1984-04-17 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1257810A true CA1257810A (en) | 1989-07-25 |
Family
ID=13022738
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000478187A Expired CA1257810A (en) | 1984-04-17 | 1985-04-02 | Ship for icy seas |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS60168694U (en) |
| KR (1) | KR890006135Y1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1257810A (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100394826B1 (en) * | 2001-03-26 | 2003-08-19 | 박창덕 | Several colors zipper poll and that production method through melting adhesion |
| FI125245B (en) | 2009-03-12 | 2015-07-31 | Aker Arctic Technology Inc | Vessels or floating construction operating in iced water and operating procedures therefore |
| KR101362937B1 (en) * | 2012-02-24 | 2014-02-13 | 삼성중공업 주식회사 | Ice removing system |
| KR101422182B1 (en) * | 2013-01-17 | 2014-07-22 | 삼성중공업 주식회사 | Ice breaker |
| KR101958365B1 (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2019-07-04 | 한국해양과학기술원 | Apparatus for reduction of ice resistance and its method |
| KR102183466B1 (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2020-11-26 | 대우조선해양 주식회사 | Apparatus of injecting heated water for reducing ice resistance in arctic vessel |
-
1984
- 1984-04-17 JP JP1984056282U patent/JPS60168694U/en active Pending
-
1985
- 1985-04-02 CA CA000478187A patent/CA1257810A/en not_active Expired
- 1985-04-15 KR KR2019850004198U patent/KR890006135Y1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS60168694U (en) | 1985-11-08 |
| KR890006135Y1 (en) | 1989-09-12 |
| KR850010630U (en) | 1985-12-30 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |