CA1253361A - Means for maintaining the vacuum in the vacuum jacket of thermally insulated vessels - Google Patents
Means for maintaining the vacuum in the vacuum jacket of thermally insulated vesselsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1253361A CA1253361A CA000491494A CA491494A CA1253361A CA 1253361 A CA1253361 A CA 1253361A CA 000491494 A CA000491494 A CA 000491494A CA 491494 A CA491494 A CA 491494A CA 1253361 A CA1253361 A CA 1253361A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- vacuum
- alloy
- formula
- jacket
- maintaining
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
- C22C27/02—Alloys based on vanadium, niobium, or tantalum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
- A47J41/00—Thermally-insulated vessels, e.g. flasks, jugs, jars
- A47J41/02—Vacuum-jacket vessels, e.g. vacuum bottles
- A47J41/022—Constructional details of the elements forming vacuum space
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
- B01J3/006—Processes utilising sub-atmospheric pressure; Apparatus therefor
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Thermally Insulated Containers For Foods (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The use of an alloy of the formula Ti(V1-a-bFeaAlb)xCryMnz where x = greater than 1 and up to 2, y = 0 to 0.2 x + y = at most 2 a = 0 to 0.4 b = 0 to 0.2 a + b = at most 0.5 (1-a-b) . x = at least 1 Z = 0 to (2-x-y) as an agent to maintain the vacuum in the vacuum jacket of thermally insulated vessels. A vacuum of better than 10-4 mbar can be maintained by means of such alloy for long periods.
The use of an alloy of the formula Ti(V1-a-bFeaAlb)xCryMnz where x = greater than 1 and up to 2, y = 0 to 0.2 x + y = at most 2 a = 0 to 0.4 b = 0 to 0.2 a + b = at most 0.5 (1-a-b) . x = at least 1 Z = 0 to (2-x-y) as an agent to maintain the vacuum in the vacuum jacket of thermally insulated vessels. A vacuum of better than 10-4 mbar can be maintained by means of such alloy for long periods.
Description
~-2S336~L
The present invention relates to a means for maintaining the vacuum in the vacuum jacket of thermally insulated vessels.
~ouble-walled vessels, in which the interspace between the walls is evacuated, are of the type of vessels having the best thermal insulation capacities. Whereas relatively small vessels are usually made from glass (thermos flask), larger vessels can be made only with walls of steel. It has been found, however, that the vacuum in the vacuum jacket of insulating vessels of steel deteriorates over longer periods of time, especially also if radiation-reflecting shields are additionally provided in the vacuum space. This deterioration in the vacuum is to be ascribed to the fact that, on the one hand, gases absorbed in the wall and in the radiation shields are released and, on the other hand, that gases, for example, hydrogen, can diffuse through the steel walls. However, the thermal insulation by means of vacuum drops sharply at the moment when the pressure in the vacuum jacket rises above 10 4 mbar. It has therefore also already been disclosed to introduce means for maintaining the vacuum, for example, activated carbon, into the vacuum jacket.
It is the object of the present invention to provide a further, inexpensive, highly effective means which is capable, when introduced into the vacuum jacket, of absorbing gases appearing thereat and maintaining a vacuum of better than 10 4 mbar.
This object is achieved by the use of the alloy as the means for maintaining the vacuum in the vacuum jacket of thermally insulated vessels, which has the general formula of Ti(Vl a_bFeaAlb)xCryMnz ~.-~25336~
x = greater than 1 and up to 2, y = 0 to 0.2 x + y = at most 2 a = 0 to 0.4 b = 0 to 0.2 a ~ b = at most 0.5 (l-a-b~ . x = at least 1 Z = 0 to (2-x-y) The alloy is used here in the form of powder, in a quantity of 2 to 4 g per 1 of the volume of the vacuum space. After the alloy has been intxoduced into the vacuum space and vacuum has been applied, the alloy is either activated at 300C. or, before it is introduced into the vacuum space, the alloy is charged with hydrogen at temperatures from 20 to 100C. and then activated automatically in the course of evacuation of the vacuum jacket (pumping out of the gases) at room temperature or at temperatures up to 100C.
The preparation of the alloy is carried out in a manner known per se by fusing the alloy constituents or appropriately selected master alloys under a blanketing gas, a melt of the high~r-melting constituents being produced first in a manner known per se, into which melt the lower-melting constituents are then introduced, in order to minimize the evaporation rates. To reduce the oxygen content of the alloy, the melt is then deoxidized in a conventional manner by the addition of known deoxidizing agents (lanthanum, mischmetal and the like).
The solidifiPd melt is then comminuted under a blanketing gas. The material obtained can be comminutad further by repeated absorption and desorption of hydrogen, ~253~6~
so that the particle size of the alloy can be reduced to less than 1 ~ m by repeated charging and discharging of the alloy with hydrogen. The desorption is thereby carried out at temperatures of about 100 to 150C. For the use of the alloy as a means for maintaining the vacuum in the vacuum jacket, however, a particularly finely dispersed powder is not absolutely necessary since the deterioration of the vacuum in the vacuum jacket takes place only very slowly and a high rate of absorption of the gases by the alloy is therefore not necessary. (This applies, above all, to hydrogen.) The alloy reliably absorbs the gases usually appearing in the vacuum jacket, such as oxygen, hydrogen, water vapor, carbon monoxide and the like, so that a vacuum of better than 10 6 mbar, frequently even 10 7 to 10 8 mbar, can be maintained. Alloys of the compositions TiVl 5FeO 4Mno 1 TiV Fe or TiVl 6FeO 2Cro.lMnO.l particularly suitable.
While I have described sevexal specific embodiments in accordance with the present invention, it is to be understood that the same i8 not limited thereto but is susceptible of numerous change~ and modifications as known to those skilled in the art, and I therefore do not wish to be limited to the embodiments described but intend to cover all such changes and modifications as are encompassed by the scope of the appended claims.
The present invention relates to a means for maintaining the vacuum in the vacuum jacket of thermally insulated vessels.
~ouble-walled vessels, in which the interspace between the walls is evacuated, are of the type of vessels having the best thermal insulation capacities. Whereas relatively small vessels are usually made from glass (thermos flask), larger vessels can be made only with walls of steel. It has been found, however, that the vacuum in the vacuum jacket of insulating vessels of steel deteriorates over longer periods of time, especially also if radiation-reflecting shields are additionally provided in the vacuum space. This deterioration in the vacuum is to be ascribed to the fact that, on the one hand, gases absorbed in the wall and in the radiation shields are released and, on the other hand, that gases, for example, hydrogen, can diffuse through the steel walls. However, the thermal insulation by means of vacuum drops sharply at the moment when the pressure in the vacuum jacket rises above 10 4 mbar. It has therefore also already been disclosed to introduce means for maintaining the vacuum, for example, activated carbon, into the vacuum jacket.
It is the object of the present invention to provide a further, inexpensive, highly effective means which is capable, when introduced into the vacuum jacket, of absorbing gases appearing thereat and maintaining a vacuum of better than 10 4 mbar.
This object is achieved by the use of the alloy as the means for maintaining the vacuum in the vacuum jacket of thermally insulated vessels, which has the general formula of Ti(Vl a_bFeaAlb)xCryMnz ~.-~25336~
x = greater than 1 and up to 2, y = 0 to 0.2 x + y = at most 2 a = 0 to 0.4 b = 0 to 0.2 a ~ b = at most 0.5 (l-a-b~ . x = at least 1 Z = 0 to (2-x-y) The alloy is used here in the form of powder, in a quantity of 2 to 4 g per 1 of the volume of the vacuum space. After the alloy has been intxoduced into the vacuum space and vacuum has been applied, the alloy is either activated at 300C. or, before it is introduced into the vacuum space, the alloy is charged with hydrogen at temperatures from 20 to 100C. and then activated automatically in the course of evacuation of the vacuum jacket (pumping out of the gases) at room temperature or at temperatures up to 100C.
The preparation of the alloy is carried out in a manner known per se by fusing the alloy constituents or appropriately selected master alloys under a blanketing gas, a melt of the high~r-melting constituents being produced first in a manner known per se, into which melt the lower-melting constituents are then introduced, in order to minimize the evaporation rates. To reduce the oxygen content of the alloy, the melt is then deoxidized in a conventional manner by the addition of known deoxidizing agents (lanthanum, mischmetal and the like).
The solidifiPd melt is then comminuted under a blanketing gas. The material obtained can be comminutad further by repeated absorption and desorption of hydrogen, ~253~6~
so that the particle size of the alloy can be reduced to less than 1 ~ m by repeated charging and discharging of the alloy with hydrogen. The desorption is thereby carried out at temperatures of about 100 to 150C. For the use of the alloy as a means for maintaining the vacuum in the vacuum jacket, however, a particularly finely dispersed powder is not absolutely necessary since the deterioration of the vacuum in the vacuum jacket takes place only very slowly and a high rate of absorption of the gases by the alloy is therefore not necessary. (This applies, above all, to hydrogen.) The alloy reliably absorbs the gases usually appearing in the vacuum jacket, such as oxygen, hydrogen, water vapor, carbon monoxide and the like, so that a vacuum of better than 10 6 mbar, frequently even 10 7 to 10 8 mbar, can be maintained. Alloys of the compositions TiVl 5FeO 4Mno 1 TiV Fe or TiVl 6FeO 2Cro.lMnO.l particularly suitable.
While I have described sevexal specific embodiments in accordance with the present invention, it is to be understood that the same i8 not limited thereto but is susceptible of numerous change~ and modifications as known to those skilled in the art, and I therefore do not wish to be limited to the embodiments described but intend to cover all such changes and modifications as are encompassed by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (16)
1. An alloy of the general formula Ti(V1-a-bFeaAlb)xCryMnZ where x = greater than 1 and up to 2, y = 0 to 0.2 x + y = at most 2 a = 0 to 0.4 b = 0 to 0.2 a + b = at most 0.5 (1-a-b) . x = at least 1 Z = 0 to (2-x-y) as a means for maintaining the vacuum in the vacuum jacket of thermally insulated vessels.
2. An alloy for use to maintain the vacuum in the vacuum jacket according to claim 1 in a quantity of 2 to 4 g per 1 of vacuum space.
3. An alloy according to claim 1, in which the composition has the formula of TiV1.5Fe0.4Mn0.1.
4. An alloy according to claim 1, in which the composition has the formula of TiV1.6Fe0.4.
5. An alloy according to claim 1, in which the composition has the formula of TiV1.6Fe0.2Cr0.1Mn0.1.
6. An alloy according to claim 2, in which the composition has the formula of TiV1.5Fe0.4Mn0.1.
7. An alloy according to claim 2, in which the composition has the formula of Tiv1.6Fe0.4.
8. An alloy according to claim 2, in which the composition has the formula of Tiv1.6Fe0.2Cr0.1Mn0.1.
9. A method for maintaining a vacuum in a vacuum jacket of thermally insulated vessels by using an alloy of the general formula Ti(V1-a-bFeaAlb)xCryMnZ where x = greater than 1 and up to 2, y = 0 to 0.2 x + y = at most 2 a = 0 to 0.4 b = 0 to 0.2 a + b = at most 0.5 (1-a-b). x = at least 1 Z = 0 to (2-x-y) as a means for maintaining the vacuum in the vacuum jacket.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the alloy used to maintain the vacuum in the vacuum jacket is in a quantity of 2 to 4 g per 1 of vacuum space.
11. The method of claim 9, wherein the alloy has the formula of TiV1.5Fe0.4Mn0.1.
12. The method of claim 9, wherein the alloy has the formula of TiV1.6Fe0.4.
13. The method of claim 9, wherein the alloy has the formula of TiV1.6Fe0.2Cr0.1Mn0.1.
14. The method of claim 10, wherein the alloy has the formula of TiV1.5Fe0.4Mn0.1.
15. The method of claim 10, wherein the alloy has the formula of TiV1.6Fe0.4.
16. The method of claim 10, wherein the alloy has the formula of TiV1.6Fe0.2Cr0.1Mn0.1.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3436754A DE3436754C1 (en) | 1984-10-06 | 1984-10-06 | Means for maintaining the vacuum in the vacuum jacket of thermal insulating containers |
| DEP3436754.3-24 | 1984-10-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1253361A true CA1253361A (en) | 1989-05-02 |
Family
ID=6247301
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000491494A Expired CA1253361A (en) | 1984-10-06 | 1985-09-25 | Means for maintaining the vacuum in the vacuum jacket of thermally insulated vessels |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6190621A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1253361A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3436754C1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2571385B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2165262B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1184652B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3775639B2 (en) * | 2000-02-22 | 2006-05-17 | 株式会社日本製鋼所 | Method for producing hydrogen storage alloy |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4358316A (en) * | 1980-12-29 | 1982-11-09 | University Patents, Inc. | Alloys for hydrogen storage |
| US4360445A (en) * | 1981-06-16 | 1982-11-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Oxygen stabilized zirconium-vanadium-iron alloy |
| DE3210381C1 (en) * | 1982-03-20 | 1983-05-19 | Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart | Alloy for storing hydrogen |
| DE3425055C1 (en) * | 1984-07-07 | 1985-07-25 | Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart | Getter substance |
-
1984
- 1984-10-06 DE DE3436754A patent/DE3436754C1/en not_active Expired
-
1985
- 1985-09-25 CA CA000491494A patent/CA1253361A/en not_active Expired
- 1985-09-27 JP JP60212801A patent/JPS6190621A/en active Granted
- 1985-10-02 GB GB8524342A patent/GB2165262B/en not_active Expired
- 1985-10-03 IT IT48627/85A patent/IT1184652B/en active
- 1985-10-04 FR FR8514745A patent/FR2571385B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT8548627A0 (en) | 1985-10-03 |
| JPS6190621A (en) | 1986-05-08 |
| JPH0159006B2 (en) | 1989-12-14 |
| IT1184652B (en) | 1987-10-28 |
| IT8548627A1 (en) | 1987-04-03 |
| GB8524342D0 (en) | 1985-11-06 |
| DE3436754C1 (en) | 1985-08-14 |
| FR2571385B1 (en) | 1992-12-31 |
| FR2571385A1 (en) | 1986-04-11 |
| GB2165262A (en) | 1986-04-09 |
| GB2165262B (en) | 1989-05-24 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |