CA1251653A - Coating for seed - Google Patents
Coating for seedInfo
- Publication number
- CA1251653A CA1251653A CA000480051A CA480051A CA1251653A CA 1251653 A CA1251653 A CA 1251653A CA 000480051 A CA000480051 A CA 000480051A CA 480051 A CA480051 A CA 480051A CA 1251653 A CA1251653 A CA 1251653A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- seed
- titanium dioxide
- coating
- outermost
- colourant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The present invention relates generally to new compositions for coating seed comprising, in part, titanium dioxide having an average particle size of from about 0.05 to 3.0 microns and improved methods for coating seeds. The outermost seed coating composition disclosed herein will comprise 5-90 parts agricultural chemical, 0-10 parts colourant and 1-50 parts titanium dioxide. The treatment makes it possible to provide seeds having coatings with increased opacity and brightness.
The present invention relates generally to new compositions for coating seed comprising, in part, titanium dioxide having an average particle size of from about 0.05 to 3.0 microns and improved methods for coating seeds. The outermost seed coating composition disclosed herein will comprise 5-90 parts agricultural chemical, 0-10 parts colourant and 1-50 parts titanium dioxide. The treatment makes it possible to provide seeds having coatings with increased opacity and brightness.
Description
r- ~ç~
IMPROVED COATING FOR SEE~D
.
Field of the Invention The presen~ invention relates generally to new compositions for coating seed comprising, in part, titanium dioxide having an average particle size of from about 0.05 to 3.0 microns and improved methods for coating seeds.
Background of the Invention The applica~ion of coatings to seed is well known in the agricultural arts and the coatings usually incorpor-ate one or more agricultural chemicals as plan~ growth regulators, pesticides, fertilizers and the like. It is preferred that such coatings include a colouring agent, such as a dye, so that an observer can determine that the seeds have been treated. For example, such colouring could prevent seed, which may have coated thereon toxic pesticides or the like~ from being intermixed with seed, e.g., grain or oilseed, which might be ingested or otherwise e~posed to humans or farm animals.
The colouring of coated seed has been found to be advantageous for reasons other than safety. A coloured coating can be used to indicate to the manufacturer and/or consumer the degree of uniformity of the coating applied when uniformity is important, e.g., seeds coated to delay germination. Also, colouring can make the seed ~-~s~
more visible so that the planter can more easily ascer-tain that his equipment is depositing the seed in the ground.
The coloured coatings which are commonly used in S conjunction with seed coatings have usually resulted in a translucent coloured seed coating which, though generally sufficient for distinguishing coated seed from non-coated - seed under close scrutiny, may be too faint for deter-mining the uniformity of coating, to hide seed blemishes or to be clearly visible in contrast to the soil from atop farm machinery. Many seeds have a dark brown or black colour on which translucent coloured coatings show up poorly. Variegated or mottled seeds, such as sunflower seeds, may appear to be unevenly coated if coated with a weakly coloured coating, yet it is important that coated seed have distinct colouring so that there is no mistaking the presence of foreign substances thereon.
Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide seeds having coatings with increased opacity and brightness.
Additionally, the coloured coatings should adhere to the seeds during shipping and storage.
U.S. Patent No. 4,368,591, which issued January 18, 1983 to Barke et al, discloses the use of a seed coating containing titanium dioxide (TiO2) having an average particle size of from greater than 10 microns to less than 8~ microns.
~ 5 Summary of the Invention It has now been found that compositions containing agricultural chemical, optionally a colourant and titanium dioxide with an average particle size of from about 0.05 ~o 3 microns provide bright~ highly visible coatings on seeds.
Detailed Description of the Invention This invention relates to the discovery that seed may be treated more effec~ively than those of the . .
prior art by using coating compositions containing the following basic components (percent by weight based on the total co~ting weight): agricultural chemical from about 5 to 90%; colourant from about 0 to 10%; and titanium dioxide from about 1 to 50% with an average particle size in microns of from about 0.05 to 3.
Preferably, the agricultural chemical should be present from about 25 to 80 weight percent based on the total coating composition; the colourant from about 0.1 to percent and the titanium dioxide from about 2 to 25 ~percent with an average titanium dioxide particle size in microns of from about 0.1 to 1Ø The most preferred coating compositions contain rom about 50 to 75% agri-cultural chemical; from about 0.5 to 2.5~ colourant and from about 3% to 10% titanium dioxide (all of the fore-going in percent weight based on t~e total seed coating composition) with the titanium dioxide average particle size being from about 0.15 to 0.3 microns.
~ 4~ 3 The pesticides commonly used for the protection of seed include fungicides, insecticides, nematocides, miticides, rodenticides and the like.
Typical pesticides applicable to seeds in the compositions of this invention include thiram, carba-thiin, pentachloronitrobenzene; malathion, methoxychlor, captan and lindane.
Suitable colourants, i.e., dyes and pigments, for this invention include rhodamine B, methyl violet, phthalo blu~, malachite green, elcomine orange, auramine yellow, rubine toner and others. Titanium dioxide, either in its rutile or anatase form, has the tendency to enhance the intensity of such colourants.
The titanium dioxide may be employed either alone or in combination with kaolin clay, calcium carbonate, or other fillers provided that an opacity rating of 30 or less is maintained as measured by a Black and White Pfund Cryptometer (trademark of Pacific Scientific) Model No.
CR-3301 utilizing a 0.007 wedge constant (Model No.
CR-3303) using a 50% by weight suspension of the composi-tions of this invention in water. It is essential that the average particle size of the titanium dioxide does not exceed 3 microns otherwise the beneficial Rffects of these compositions may be unattainable.
Any manner known in the art can be used to apply the compositions of this invention to the seed. Preferably~
howev~r, the compositions are prepared and applied as aqueous dispersions.
Suitable wetting and dispersing agents include DAXAD
(trademark) 30, SPONTO (trademark) 500 T, 934 and 168 D, WITCOLATE (trademark~ 1075 X, PETRO MORWET (trademark) EFW and D425 and many others.
In addition to dispersing agents, thickening agents may be included in the compositions in amounts sufficient to adjust the viscosity for suspension stability.
Thickening agents include attapulgite clay, methyl cellulose, fumed silica and others.
Certain colouring agents may have a tendency to . .
destabilize seed coating compositions. In order to overcome such instability it is helpful to add solvents such as polyols, especially ethylene glycol, hexylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol and glycerol.
After the aqueous dispersion has been appli~d to the seed, the water is caused to evaporate leaving the coating compositions of this invention. More preferably, these suspensions are prepared at concentra~ions of from about 5 to about 90 percent of the composition based on the total suspension of composition and water.
The titanium dioxide in these compositions adheres well to most seeds, but for some seeds, particularly those with a waxy coating or for applications where it is expected that the seed will be subjected to rough ship-ping and handling, it is advantageous to include in thecoating compositions oils in sufficient quantity-to increase the adherence to the seed, but not decrease the opacity of the titanium dioxide.
When applying the coating composition to the seed, the essential coating components should be present in amounts described as follows (in grams of component per one kilogram of seed). The agricultural chemical should be present from about 0.01 to 50, preferably from 0.03 to 30 and most preferably from 0.05 to 20 grams. The colourant should be present from about 0 to 10; preferably from 0.005 to 1 and most preferably from 0.01 to 0.6 grams and the titanium dioxide should be present from about 0.2 to 10; preferably from 0.5 to 5; and most preferably from 0.75 to 2.5 grams all of the foregoing per kilogram of seed.
The following examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended as a limitation on the scope thereof.
A number of coating compositions were prepared with a Bantam (trademark) Mikro Pulverizer Model SH using the ingredients and amounts set forth in Table I tall in parts by weight).
. :
~ _,7~
TABLE I
Composition No. _ 2 A B 3 4 Agricultural Chemical I I I II II II
Agricultural Chemical, parts 78 78 78 10 10 10 Colourant I I I II II
Colourant, parts 2 0.2 2 10 10 TiO2 (0.2 micron), parts 15 15 - - 37.5 37.5 TiO2 (9-0 micron3, parts - - 15 Kaolin, parts - 1.8 - 7537.5 47.5 Surfactants, parts 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.83.8 3.8 Fumed Silica, parts 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.20O2 0.2 Mineral Oil, parts 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.01.0 1.0 Remarks:
Agricultural Chemical I: Lindane, insecticide Agricultural Chemical II: Thiram, fungicide Colourant I: Malachite green 20 Colourant II: Rubine toner 2BO
Surfactants: Petro Morwet D-425 (2.8 pts) Petro Morwe~ EFW ~l pt) The above compositions were tested on the Pfund Cryptometer afore described as 50% suspensions in water ~or the purpose of determining their opacity. The results are listed in Table II (compositions A and B are outside of this invention).
TABLE II
99~-5L~ CJ~ 2 A B 3 4 Cryptometer:
50% suspension 24 22 50 33 12 ~l Compositions 1 and 2 provided highly contrasting and light reflecting coatings as compared to that realized by composition A. Similarly, composition 3 exhibited superior visual coating as compared to composition B.
The seeds coated with composition 4 (without colourant) similarly exhibited superior visual properties as com-pared to that realized by co~positions A and B, EXAMPLE _ Rapeseed was treated at an application rate of 3.0 grams per kilogram of seed with Composition Nos, 1 and 2 and Composition Nos. 3 and 4 corresponding to an effec-tive amount of titanium dioxide of 0.45 and 1.125 grams per kilogram respectively.
The cpacity of the coatings was determined by visual examination using Composition A which is similar to the _9 _ composition disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,368,591 as the standard.
The intensity of the coatings of this invention rendered them significantly more opaque than the coatings realized by the Composition A control.
The data clearly demonstrate that the compositions of this invention employing titanium dioxide having an average particle size of 3 microns or less provide an unexpected improvement in coating efficiency over coating compositions not containing titanium dioxide or titanium dioxide having an average particle size of 9.0 microns or greater as essentially taught by U.S. Patent 4,368,591.
IMPROVED COATING FOR SEE~D
.
Field of the Invention The presen~ invention relates generally to new compositions for coating seed comprising, in part, titanium dioxide having an average particle size of from about 0.05 to 3.0 microns and improved methods for coating seeds.
Background of the Invention The applica~ion of coatings to seed is well known in the agricultural arts and the coatings usually incorpor-ate one or more agricultural chemicals as plan~ growth regulators, pesticides, fertilizers and the like. It is preferred that such coatings include a colouring agent, such as a dye, so that an observer can determine that the seeds have been treated. For example, such colouring could prevent seed, which may have coated thereon toxic pesticides or the like~ from being intermixed with seed, e.g., grain or oilseed, which might be ingested or otherwise e~posed to humans or farm animals.
The colouring of coated seed has been found to be advantageous for reasons other than safety. A coloured coating can be used to indicate to the manufacturer and/or consumer the degree of uniformity of the coating applied when uniformity is important, e.g., seeds coated to delay germination. Also, colouring can make the seed ~-~s~
more visible so that the planter can more easily ascer-tain that his equipment is depositing the seed in the ground.
The coloured coatings which are commonly used in S conjunction with seed coatings have usually resulted in a translucent coloured seed coating which, though generally sufficient for distinguishing coated seed from non-coated - seed under close scrutiny, may be too faint for deter-mining the uniformity of coating, to hide seed blemishes or to be clearly visible in contrast to the soil from atop farm machinery. Many seeds have a dark brown or black colour on which translucent coloured coatings show up poorly. Variegated or mottled seeds, such as sunflower seeds, may appear to be unevenly coated if coated with a weakly coloured coating, yet it is important that coated seed have distinct colouring so that there is no mistaking the presence of foreign substances thereon.
Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide seeds having coatings with increased opacity and brightness.
Additionally, the coloured coatings should adhere to the seeds during shipping and storage.
U.S. Patent No. 4,368,591, which issued January 18, 1983 to Barke et al, discloses the use of a seed coating containing titanium dioxide (TiO2) having an average particle size of from greater than 10 microns to less than 8~ microns.
~ 5 Summary of the Invention It has now been found that compositions containing agricultural chemical, optionally a colourant and titanium dioxide with an average particle size of from about 0.05 ~o 3 microns provide bright~ highly visible coatings on seeds.
Detailed Description of the Invention This invention relates to the discovery that seed may be treated more effec~ively than those of the . .
prior art by using coating compositions containing the following basic components (percent by weight based on the total co~ting weight): agricultural chemical from about 5 to 90%; colourant from about 0 to 10%; and titanium dioxide from about 1 to 50% with an average particle size in microns of from about 0.05 to 3.
Preferably, the agricultural chemical should be present from about 25 to 80 weight percent based on the total coating composition; the colourant from about 0.1 to percent and the titanium dioxide from about 2 to 25 ~percent with an average titanium dioxide particle size in microns of from about 0.1 to 1Ø The most preferred coating compositions contain rom about 50 to 75% agri-cultural chemical; from about 0.5 to 2.5~ colourant and from about 3% to 10% titanium dioxide (all of the fore-going in percent weight based on t~e total seed coating composition) with the titanium dioxide average particle size being from about 0.15 to 0.3 microns.
~ 4~ 3 The pesticides commonly used for the protection of seed include fungicides, insecticides, nematocides, miticides, rodenticides and the like.
Typical pesticides applicable to seeds in the compositions of this invention include thiram, carba-thiin, pentachloronitrobenzene; malathion, methoxychlor, captan and lindane.
Suitable colourants, i.e., dyes and pigments, for this invention include rhodamine B, methyl violet, phthalo blu~, malachite green, elcomine orange, auramine yellow, rubine toner and others. Titanium dioxide, either in its rutile or anatase form, has the tendency to enhance the intensity of such colourants.
The titanium dioxide may be employed either alone or in combination with kaolin clay, calcium carbonate, or other fillers provided that an opacity rating of 30 or less is maintained as measured by a Black and White Pfund Cryptometer (trademark of Pacific Scientific) Model No.
CR-3301 utilizing a 0.007 wedge constant (Model No.
CR-3303) using a 50% by weight suspension of the composi-tions of this invention in water. It is essential that the average particle size of the titanium dioxide does not exceed 3 microns otherwise the beneficial Rffects of these compositions may be unattainable.
Any manner known in the art can be used to apply the compositions of this invention to the seed. Preferably~
howev~r, the compositions are prepared and applied as aqueous dispersions.
Suitable wetting and dispersing agents include DAXAD
(trademark) 30, SPONTO (trademark) 500 T, 934 and 168 D, WITCOLATE (trademark~ 1075 X, PETRO MORWET (trademark) EFW and D425 and many others.
In addition to dispersing agents, thickening agents may be included in the compositions in amounts sufficient to adjust the viscosity for suspension stability.
Thickening agents include attapulgite clay, methyl cellulose, fumed silica and others.
Certain colouring agents may have a tendency to . .
destabilize seed coating compositions. In order to overcome such instability it is helpful to add solvents such as polyols, especially ethylene glycol, hexylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol and glycerol.
After the aqueous dispersion has been appli~d to the seed, the water is caused to evaporate leaving the coating compositions of this invention. More preferably, these suspensions are prepared at concentra~ions of from about 5 to about 90 percent of the composition based on the total suspension of composition and water.
The titanium dioxide in these compositions adheres well to most seeds, but for some seeds, particularly those with a waxy coating or for applications where it is expected that the seed will be subjected to rough ship-ping and handling, it is advantageous to include in thecoating compositions oils in sufficient quantity-to increase the adherence to the seed, but not decrease the opacity of the titanium dioxide.
When applying the coating composition to the seed, the essential coating components should be present in amounts described as follows (in grams of component per one kilogram of seed). The agricultural chemical should be present from about 0.01 to 50, preferably from 0.03 to 30 and most preferably from 0.05 to 20 grams. The colourant should be present from about 0 to 10; preferably from 0.005 to 1 and most preferably from 0.01 to 0.6 grams and the titanium dioxide should be present from about 0.2 to 10; preferably from 0.5 to 5; and most preferably from 0.75 to 2.5 grams all of the foregoing per kilogram of seed.
The following examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended as a limitation on the scope thereof.
A number of coating compositions were prepared with a Bantam (trademark) Mikro Pulverizer Model SH using the ingredients and amounts set forth in Table I tall in parts by weight).
. :
~ _,7~
TABLE I
Composition No. _ 2 A B 3 4 Agricultural Chemical I I I II II II
Agricultural Chemical, parts 78 78 78 10 10 10 Colourant I I I II II
Colourant, parts 2 0.2 2 10 10 TiO2 (0.2 micron), parts 15 15 - - 37.5 37.5 TiO2 (9-0 micron3, parts - - 15 Kaolin, parts - 1.8 - 7537.5 47.5 Surfactants, parts 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.83.8 3.8 Fumed Silica, parts 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.20O2 0.2 Mineral Oil, parts 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.01.0 1.0 Remarks:
Agricultural Chemical I: Lindane, insecticide Agricultural Chemical II: Thiram, fungicide Colourant I: Malachite green 20 Colourant II: Rubine toner 2BO
Surfactants: Petro Morwet D-425 (2.8 pts) Petro Morwe~ EFW ~l pt) The above compositions were tested on the Pfund Cryptometer afore described as 50% suspensions in water ~or the purpose of determining their opacity. The results are listed in Table II (compositions A and B are outside of this invention).
TABLE II
99~-5L~ CJ~ 2 A B 3 4 Cryptometer:
50% suspension 24 22 50 33 12 ~l Compositions 1 and 2 provided highly contrasting and light reflecting coatings as compared to that realized by composition A. Similarly, composition 3 exhibited superior visual coating as compared to composition B.
The seeds coated with composition 4 (without colourant) similarly exhibited superior visual properties as com-pared to that realized by co~positions A and B, EXAMPLE _ Rapeseed was treated at an application rate of 3.0 grams per kilogram of seed with Composition Nos, 1 and 2 and Composition Nos. 3 and 4 corresponding to an effec-tive amount of titanium dioxide of 0.45 and 1.125 grams per kilogram respectively.
The cpacity of the coatings was determined by visual examination using Composition A which is similar to the _9 _ composition disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,368,591 as the standard.
The intensity of the coatings of this invention rendered them significantly more opaque than the coatings realized by the Composition A control.
The data clearly demonstrate that the compositions of this invention employing titanium dioxide having an average particle size of 3 microns or less provide an unexpected improvement in coating efficiency over coating compositions not containing titanium dioxide or titanium dioxide having an average particle size of 9.0 microns or greater as essentially taught by U.S. Patent 4,368,591.
Claims (7)
1. An outermost seed coating composition com-prising, in percent by weight based on the total coating weight, 5-90 percent agricultural chemical, 0-10 per-cent colourant and 1-50 percent titanium dioxide, wherein said titanium dioxide has an average particle size of from 0.05 to 3.0 microns.
2. The outermost seed coating composition of claim 1 wherein said titanium dioxide has an average particle size of from about 0.1 - 1 microns.
3. The outermost seed coating composition of claim 1 wherein said titanium dioxide has an average particle size of from about 0.15 to 0.3 microns.
4. A method for providing an outermost covering having an opacity rating of 30 or less to seed com-prising applying to such seed an effective amount of the coating composition of claim 1.
5. Seed with an outermost covering comprising the coating composition of claim 1.
6. The outermost seed coating of claim 2 wherein the agricultural chemical is present from about 25 to 80 weight percent; the colourant from about 0.1 to 6 weight percent; and the titanium dioxide from about 2 to 25 weight percent, all based on the total coating weight.
7. The outermost seed coating of claim 3 wherein the agricultural chemical is present from about 50 to 75 weight percent; the colourant from about 0.5 to 2.5 weight percent; and titanium dioxide from about 3 to 10 weight percent, all based on the total coating weight.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000480051A CA1251653A (en) | 1985-04-25 | 1985-04-25 | Coating for seed |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000480051A CA1251653A (en) | 1985-04-25 | 1985-04-25 | Coating for seed |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1251653A true CA1251653A (en) | 1989-03-28 |
Family
ID=4130357
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000480051A Expired CA1251653A (en) | 1985-04-25 | 1985-04-25 | Coating for seed |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1251653A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5717129A (en) * | 1995-02-16 | 1998-02-10 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Methods for maintaining sterility in plants |
| EP1103173A1 (en) * | 1999-11-12 | 2001-05-30 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Solid pigment preparations for colouring seeds and liquid-treated seeds |
| CN102273480A (en) * | 2010-06-13 | 2011-12-14 | 李爱华 | Composite seed coating agent containing thiacloprid component |
-
1985
- 1985-04-25 CA CA000480051A patent/CA1251653A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5717129A (en) * | 1995-02-16 | 1998-02-10 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Methods for maintaining sterility in plants |
| EP1103173A1 (en) * | 1999-11-12 | 2001-05-30 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Solid pigment preparations for colouring seeds and liquid-treated seeds |
| US6646023B1 (en) | 1999-11-12 | 2003-11-11 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Solid pigment preparation for coloring seed/seed-dressing materials |
| CN102273480A (en) * | 2010-06-13 | 2011-12-14 | 李爱华 | Composite seed coating agent containing thiacloprid component |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |