CA1237111A - Light-source capsule containment device and lamp employing such device - Google Patents
Light-source capsule containment device and lamp employing such deviceInfo
- Publication number
- CA1237111A CA1237111A CA000437293A CA437293A CA1237111A CA 1237111 A CA1237111 A CA 1237111A CA 000437293 A CA000437293 A CA 000437293A CA 437293 A CA437293 A CA 437293A CA 1237111 A CA1237111 A CA 1237111A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- lamp
- shield
- light
- mesh
- containment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/30—Vessels; Containers
- H01J61/34—Double-wall vessels or containers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/50—Auxiliary parts or solid material within the envelope for reducing risk of explosion upon breakage of the envelope, e.g. for use in mines
Landscapes
- Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
- Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A light-source containment device and lamp employing such device; a metal halide arc discharge lamp having a light-transmissive shield enclosing the arc tube and a wire mesh surrounding the shield. In the event the arc tube bursts causing shattering of the shield, the wire mesh substantially restricts shards of the shield and arc tube from shattering the outer envelope of the lamp thereby providing improved safety characteristics of the lamp. A similar containment device encloses the light-source capsule and protects against lamp-containment failures in tungsten halogen lamps.
A light-source containment device and lamp employing such device; a metal halide arc discharge lamp having a light-transmissive shield enclosing the arc tube and a wire mesh surrounding the shield. In the event the arc tube bursts causing shattering of the shield, the wire mesh substantially restricts shards of the shield and arc tube from shattering the outer envelope of the lamp thereby providing improved safety characteristics of the lamp. A similar containment device encloses the light-source capsule and protects against lamp-containment failures in tungsten halogen lamps.
Description
~ L2~7~1 24,514 LIGHT-SOURCE CAPSULE CONTAINMENT
DEVICE AND LAMP EMPLOYING SUCH DEVICE
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
Canadian patent application serial number 437,015-5 filed concurrently herewith and assigned to the assignee of this application, contains related subject matter.
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to light-source capsule containment devices and electric lamps employing such devices.
BACKG~OUND ART
There is a small probability that a metal halide lamp or a tungsten halogen lamp will burst during operation of the lamp, hereinafter called a "containment failure" of the lamp. When a lamp containment failure occurs, the sequence of events internal to the lamp is as follows: the arc tube or tungsten halogen capsule bursts causing fragments of glass or shards to be propelled against the outer envelope; these shards shatter the outer envelope of the lamp. The external result ;s that the lamp bursts. It is this type of lamp failure that is the subject of this disclosure.
The causes of these infrequent lamp failures are varied and unpredictable. there is no know way to eliminate the possibility of such failures. Although occurrence of the failure is rare, nevertheless it could present a safety hazard to a person in the immediate vicinity of a lamp. ~here such failures can be anticipated, lamp manufacturers notify users by means of warnings on packages and other descriptive materials and by suggested precautions in specifications. This hazard may be avoided by operating the lamp in a fixture designed to contain such a failure.
-~ ' ' ':
D-24,514 ~23~
The requirement that the lamp be operated in a protective fixture is frequently employed in commercial usage. However, this procedural safeguard is less acceptable for consumer usage. For reasons of safety, economy, and convenience in both commercial and consumer 5 usage, it may be desirable to incorporate a reliable containment device as part of the lamp itself.
As used herein, the term "light-source capsule" denotes an arc tube of an arc discharge lamp, a halogen capsùle of a tungsten halogen lamp, or any light-emitting capsule within the outer envelope of a lamp where the possibility of a lamp-containment failure exists.
The terms "efficacy" or "luminous efficacy" used herein are a measure expressed in lumens per watt of the total luminous flux emitted by a light source over all wavelengths divided by the power 15 input of the source.
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,281,274, issued July 28, 1981, by Bechard et al, there is disclosed an enclosure of glass surrounding the arc tube wi$hin the outer envelope of an arc discharge lamp. The enclosure is suggested as being useful as a means to protect against 20 a containment failure of the lamp. While such enclosure may be effective in containing some arc tube bursts, it has been found that in a substantial percentage of cases the enclosure itself is shattered by the burst and containment failure of the lamp follows.
Thus, the glass enclosure device taught in the Bechard et al patent
DEVICE AND LAMP EMPLOYING SUCH DEVICE
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
Canadian patent application serial number 437,015-5 filed concurrently herewith and assigned to the assignee of this application, contains related subject matter.
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to light-source capsule containment devices and electric lamps employing such devices.
BACKG~OUND ART
There is a small probability that a metal halide lamp or a tungsten halogen lamp will burst during operation of the lamp, hereinafter called a "containment failure" of the lamp. When a lamp containment failure occurs, the sequence of events internal to the lamp is as follows: the arc tube or tungsten halogen capsule bursts causing fragments of glass or shards to be propelled against the outer envelope; these shards shatter the outer envelope of the lamp. The external result ;s that the lamp bursts. It is this type of lamp failure that is the subject of this disclosure.
The causes of these infrequent lamp failures are varied and unpredictable. there is no know way to eliminate the possibility of such failures. Although occurrence of the failure is rare, nevertheless it could present a safety hazard to a person in the immediate vicinity of a lamp. ~here such failures can be anticipated, lamp manufacturers notify users by means of warnings on packages and other descriptive materials and by suggested precautions in specifications. This hazard may be avoided by operating the lamp in a fixture designed to contain such a failure.
-~ ' ' ':
D-24,514 ~23~
The requirement that the lamp be operated in a protective fixture is frequently employed in commercial usage. However, this procedural safeguard is less acceptable for consumer usage. For reasons of safety, economy, and convenience in both commercial and consumer 5 usage, it may be desirable to incorporate a reliable containment device as part of the lamp itself.
As used herein, the term "light-source capsule" denotes an arc tube of an arc discharge lamp, a halogen capsùle of a tungsten halogen lamp, or any light-emitting capsule within the outer envelope of a lamp where the possibility of a lamp-containment failure exists.
The terms "efficacy" or "luminous efficacy" used herein are a measure expressed in lumens per watt of the total luminous flux emitted by a light source over all wavelengths divided by the power 15 input of the source.
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,281,274, issued July 28, 1981, by Bechard et al, there is disclosed an enclosure of glass surrounding the arc tube wi$hin the outer envelope of an arc discharge lamp. The enclosure is suggested as being useful as a means to protect against 20 a containment failure of the lamp. While such enclosure may be effective in containing some arc tube bursts, it has been found that in a substantial percentage of cases the enclosure itself is shattered by the burst and containment failure of the lamp follows.
Thus, the glass enclosure device taught in the Bechard et al patent
2~ offers only limited protection against lamp-containment failures, and such protection is especially tenuous in lamps having light-source capsules in which operating pressures may be as high as 20 or 30 atmospheres.
D-2~,514 ~;~37~1~
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVE~ITION
It is, therefore, an object of this invention to obviate the deficiencies in the prior art.
It is another object of this invention to improve the operating 5 safety characteristics of arc discharge lamps.
Another object of this invention is to improve the operating safety characteristics of tungsten halogen lamps.
These objects are accomplished, in one aspect of the invention, by the provision of a light-source capsule containment device 10 comprising a shield, containment means, and mounting means. The shield has a light-transmissive body enclosing a cavity. The body of the shield has at least one opening in it. The containment means substantially contains shards of the shield. The containment means has a minimal effect on the transmissiveness of the shield. The 15 mounting means provides for mounting the oontainment means operatively with respect to the shield.
These objects are further accomplished, in another aspect of the invention, by the proYiSion of a lamp having a light-source capsule containment device. Such 1amp comprises an outer envelope, a 20 light-source capsule, a stem, a shield, containment means, and mounting means. The light-source capsule is mounted on the stem within the outer envèlope. The shield has a light-transmissive body which encloses a cavity. The body of the shield has at least one opening in it. The shield is mounted such that the light-source ~5 capsule is substantially contained within the cavity of the shield.
The containment means substantially restricts shards of the shield and shards of the light-source capsule from colliding with and ~
shattering the outer envelope in the event the light-source capsule bursts and causes the shattering of the shield. The containment 30 means preferably has a minimal effect on the efficacy of the lamp.
The mounting means provides for operatively mounting the containment means ~ith respect to the shield.
D-24,514 1~7~
Lamps with light-source capsule containment devices constructed in accordance with the foregoing description will exhibit substantially improved operating safety characteristics when compared to lamps of the prior art.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a light-source capsule containment device, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of a light-source capsule containment device;
FIG. 3 is an elevational view of an arc discharge lamp employing an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged partial view of one embodiment of containment means; and FIG. 5 is an enlarged partial view of an alternate embodiment of 15 contaiment means.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
For a better understanding of the present invention, together with other and further objects, advantages, and capabilities thereof, reference is made to the following ~isclosure and appended 20 claims taken in conjunction with the above-described drawings.
Referring to the drawings with greater particularity, FIG. 1~
shows a light-source capsule containment device 2 comprising shield 1, containment means 3, and mounting means 5. Shield-l is a light-transmissive cylinder. Containment means 3 is a loosely woven . .
D-24,514 ~237~1~
wire mesh 4 which is wrapped around and substantially surrounds shield 1. Mesh 4 may be sewn or constructed such that the mesh forms a continuous cylinder around the exterior of shield 1.
Mounting means 5 comprises two metal straps 6 which secure mesh 4 to 5 shield 1. Metal straps 6 may be bound by appropriate means, such as welding or clamping.
FIG. 2 shows an alternate embodiment of light-source capsule containment device 2 comprising shield 9, containment means 11, and mounting means 13. Shield 9 comprises light-transmissive cylinder 10 15 and dome 17 fused into a single light-transmissive body. There is a circular opening 19 at the base of shield 9. Containment means 11 is a loosely-woven wire mesh 12 which surrounds shield 9 laterally and about dome 17. Mesh 12 may be sewn or constructed such that the mesh forms a continuous enclosure around the exterior 15 of shield 9 everywhere except in the vicinity of opening 19.
Mounting means 13 comprises a metal strap 14. Mesh 12 may be securely mounted to shield 9 with s~rap 14. `-Strap 14 may be bound by appropriate means, such as welding or clamping.
FIG 3 shows a lamp 8 with light-source containment device 2.
Lamp 8 comprises outer envelope 21, light-source capsule 23, stem 25, shield 1, containment means 3, and mounting means 5. In the embodiment of FIG. 3, lamp 8 is an arc discharge lamp and light-source capsule 23 is a double-ended arc tube 24. Containment 25 device 2, comprising shield 1, containment means 3, and mounting means 5, is the identical embodiment shown in FIG. 1 above.
Containment device 2 is mechanically mounted within outer envelope 21 to lamp mount 33 by means of support wires 31 such that containment device 2 substantially surrounds arc tube 24 laterally.
30 Strap 10, being the closer of the two straps of mounting means 5 to lamp mount 33~ is rigidly fastened to support wires 31. Support wires 31 are rigidly fastened to lamp mount 33. Lamp mount 33 i3 mounted on stem 25. Rigid mechanical fastening may be accomplished by welding, clamping, or other suitable--means.
D-24,514 ~37~
In the event arc tube 24 bursts, shield 1 will absorb a substantial portion of the shards and energy emanating from such burst. Frequently, shield 1 will be shattered by the effects of the burst. At this point, mesh 4 is critical, Mesh 4 ~ill substantially restrict shards of shield 1 and shards of arc tube 24 from shattering outer envelope 21. Thus, the protection against the possibility of a lamp-containment failure has been significantly improved.
FIG. 4 shows an enlarged partial view of mesh 4. The stitching of the mesh is approximately square. As shown in the diagram, distance x is size of the stitch.
FIG. 5 shows an enlarged partial view of another embodiment of containment means 3 comprising a rigid mesh 35. This type of mesh or screen is well known.
In the embodiments of the invention shown~in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, the containment means is exterior to the shield. There are other embodiments where the containment means may be imbedded in the shield.
In some embodiments, the containment means is a loosely woven wire mesh. In other embodiments, the containment means may be a rigid mesh. In some embodiments, the loosely woven mesh may be preferred because of its superior energy-containing capability. In other embodiments, the rigid mesh may be preferred because of its tractability or greater transmissiveness.
It is desirable that the mesh be nighly transmissiYe of visible light so that there will be a minimal effect on the efficacy of the lamp. A certain percentage of light will be reflected by the mesh on the light's first pass through the shield. A portion of the reflected light will be unobstructed by the mesh on the reflected light's subsequent pass or passes through the shield. Thus, the net reduction in luminous efficacy is less than would be expected by estimating the percentage of the area of the shield coYered by the D-24,514 ~23~
mesh. In all observed cases, efficacy was reduced by less than 5%
due to the presence of the Mesh. Because of the partial diffusion caused by the mesh, lamps with mesh-containment devices tend to have less glare.
The selection of construction materials for the shield and containment means is heavily influenced by the environment within the outer envelope during operation of the lamp and immediately following a burst of the light-source capsule. During lamp operation, the ambient temperature about the shield and contaiment means Inay be in excess of 300 C. Upon the burst of the light-source capsule, the ambient pressure about the shield and containment means may be in the neighborhood of 30 atmospheres.
Because of their excellent h;gh-temperature properties and transmissiveness, quartz, fused silica, Pyrex, and hard glass would be suitable materials for the construction of the shield.
Stainless-steel wire with a high chromium content is a preferred material for the construction of the conta;nment mesh and mounting strap or straps because of its superior high-temperature properties, relatively low coefficient of thermal expansion, good resistance to oxidation and corrosion, and high tensile strength.
In embodiments employing a containment mesh, the mesh size, i.e., the number of stitches per inch, should be selected such that the mesh will contain shards with mass large enough to be likely to cause a rupture of the outer envelope in the event of a burst of the light-source capsule. Thus, the selection of mesh size is dependent on many factors, such as the type of lamp, the properties of the light-source capsule, the atmosphere within the capsule, the type of mesh, the diameter and tensile strength of the wire in the mesh, etc.
In FIG. 3, there is shown an arc discharge lamp having a double-ended arc tube and a cylindrical containment device. There are equally feasible embodiments where arc discharge lamps with~
double-ended arc tubes employ domed containment devices like the device shown in FIG. 2. There are also feasible embodiments where arc discharge lamps with single-ended arc tubes employ domed D-24,514 ~37~
con-tainment devices. All o~ the benefits and variations of embodiments that have been disclosed with respect to arc discharge lamps apply with equal effectiveness and validity to tungsten halogen lamps and more generally to any electric lamps having a light-source capsule within an outer envelope where the possibility of lamp-containment failure exists~
Several example lamps were constructed. Each lamp employed a quartz shield. ~he containment means was a loosely woven wire mesh surrounding the shield. Mesh sizes ranged from 8 to 20 stitches per inch. The mesh was constructed of stainless-steel wire having a diameter of approximately .005 inches. The mounting means comprised one or two stainless-steel straps.
In some embodiments of the invention, the mounting means for securing the containment means to the shield may be inherent in the shield or containment means. One example is an embodiment wherein the containment means is imbedded in the shield. Another example is an embodiment wherein the containment means is secured to the shield-by means of elastic or adhesive forces exerted by the containment means itself.
Thus, there is provided a light-source capsule containment device and a lamp employing such a device which provide substantially improved operational safety characteristics.
While there have been shown and described what are at present considered to be the preferred embodiments of the-invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that uarious changes and modifications can be made herein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
D-2~,514 ~;~37~1~
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVE~ITION
It is, therefore, an object of this invention to obviate the deficiencies in the prior art.
It is another object of this invention to improve the operating 5 safety characteristics of arc discharge lamps.
Another object of this invention is to improve the operating safety characteristics of tungsten halogen lamps.
These objects are accomplished, in one aspect of the invention, by the provision of a light-source capsule containment device 10 comprising a shield, containment means, and mounting means. The shield has a light-transmissive body enclosing a cavity. The body of the shield has at least one opening in it. The containment means substantially contains shards of the shield. The containment means has a minimal effect on the transmissiveness of the shield. The 15 mounting means provides for mounting the oontainment means operatively with respect to the shield.
These objects are further accomplished, in another aspect of the invention, by the proYiSion of a lamp having a light-source capsule containment device. Such 1amp comprises an outer envelope, a 20 light-source capsule, a stem, a shield, containment means, and mounting means. The light-source capsule is mounted on the stem within the outer envèlope. The shield has a light-transmissive body which encloses a cavity. The body of the shield has at least one opening in it. The shield is mounted such that the light-source ~5 capsule is substantially contained within the cavity of the shield.
The containment means substantially restricts shards of the shield and shards of the light-source capsule from colliding with and ~
shattering the outer envelope in the event the light-source capsule bursts and causes the shattering of the shield. The containment 30 means preferably has a minimal effect on the efficacy of the lamp.
The mounting means provides for operatively mounting the containment means ~ith respect to the shield.
D-24,514 1~7~
Lamps with light-source capsule containment devices constructed in accordance with the foregoing description will exhibit substantially improved operating safety characteristics when compared to lamps of the prior art.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a light-source capsule containment device, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of a light-source capsule containment device;
FIG. 3 is an elevational view of an arc discharge lamp employing an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged partial view of one embodiment of containment means; and FIG. 5 is an enlarged partial view of an alternate embodiment of 15 contaiment means.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
For a better understanding of the present invention, together with other and further objects, advantages, and capabilities thereof, reference is made to the following ~isclosure and appended 20 claims taken in conjunction with the above-described drawings.
Referring to the drawings with greater particularity, FIG. 1~
shows a light-source capsule containment device 2 comprising shield 1, containment means 3, and mounting means 5. Shield-l is a light-transmissive cylinder. Containment means 3 is a loosely woven . .
D-24,514 ~237~1~
wire mesh 4 which is wrapped around and substantially surrounds shield 1. Mesh 4 may be sewn or constructed such that the mesh forms a continuous cylinder around the exterior of shield 1.
Mounting means 5 comprises two metal straps 6 which secure mesh 4 to 5 shield 1. Metal straps 6 may be bound by appropriate means, such as welding or clamping.
FIG. 2 shows an alternate embodiment of light-source capsule containment device 2 comprising shield 9, containment means 11, and mounting means 13. Shield 9 comprises light-transmissive cylinder 10 15 and dome 17 fused into a single light-transmissive body. There is a circular opening 19 at the base of shield 9. Containment means 11 is a loosely-woven wire mesh 12 which surrounds shield 9 laterally and about dome 17. Mesh 12 may be sewn or constructed such that the mesh forms a continuous enclosure around the exterior 15 of shield 9 everywhere except in the vicinity of opening 19.
Mounting means 13 comprises a metal strap 14. Mesh 12 may be securely mounted to shield 9 with s~rap 14. `-Strap 14 may be bound by appropriate means, such as welding or clamping.
FIG 3 shows a lamp 8 with light-source containment device 2.
Lamp 8 comprises outer envelope 21, light-source capsule 23, stem 25, shield 1, containment means 3, and mounting means 5. In the embodiment of FIG. 3, lamp 8 is an arc discharge lamp and light-source capsule 23 is a double-ended arc tube 24. Containment 25 device 2, comprising shield 1, containment means 3, and mounting means 5, is the identical embodiment shown in FIG. 1 above.
Containment device 2 is mechanically mounted within outer envelope 21 to lamp mount 33 by means of support wires 31 such that containment device 2 substantially surrounds arc tube 24 laterally.
30 Strap 10, being the closer of the two straps of mounting means 5 to lamp mount 33~ is rigidly fastened to support wires 31. Support wires 31 are rigidly fastened to lamp mount 33. Lamp mount 33 i3 mounted on stem 25. Rigid mechanical fastening may be accomplished by welding, clamping, or other suitable--means.
D-24,514 ~37~
In the event arc tube 24 bursts, shield 1 will absorb a substantial portion of the shards and energy emanating from such burst. Frequently, shield 1 will be shattered by the effects of the burst. At this point, mesh 4 is critical, Mesh 4 ~ill substantially restrict shards of shield 1 and shards of arc tube 24 from shattering outer envelope 21. Thus, the protection against the possibility of a lamp-containment failure has been significantly improved.
FIG. 4 shows an enlarged partial view of mesh 4. The stitching of the mesh is approximately square. As shown in the diagram, distance x is size of the stitch.
FIG. 5 shows an enlarged partial view of another embodiment of containment means 3 comprising a rigid mesh 35. This type of mesh or screen is well known.
In the embodiments of the invention shown~in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, the containment means is exterior to the shield. There are other embodiments where the containment means may be imbedded in the shield.
In some embodiments, the containment means is a loosely woven wire mesh. In other embodiments, the containment means may be a rigid mesh. In some embodiments, the loosely woven mesh may be preferred because of its superior energy-containing capability. In other embodiments, the rigid mesh may be preferred because of its tractability or greater transmissiveness.
It is desirable that the mesh be nighly transmissiYe of visible light so that there will be a minimal effect on the efficacy of the lamp. A certain percentage of light will be reflected by the mesh on the light's first pass through the shield. A portion of the reflected light will be unobstructed by the mesh on the reflected light's subsequent pass or passes through the shield. Thus, the net reduction in luminous efficacy is less than would be expected by estimating the percentage of the area of the shield coYered by the D-24,514 ~23~
mesh. In all observed cases, efficacy was reduced by less than 5%
due to the presence of the Mesh. Because of the partial diffusion caused by the mesh, lamps with mesh-containment devices tend to have less glare.
The selection of construction materials for the shield and containment means is heavily influenced by the environment within the outer envelope during operation of the lamp and immediately following a burst of the light-source capsule. During lamp operation, the ambient temperature about the shield and contaiment means Inay be in excess of 300 C. Upon the burst of the light-source capsule, the ambient pressure about the shield and containment means may be in the neighborhood of 30 atmospheres.
Because of their excellent h;gh-temperature properties and transmissiveness, quartz, fused silica, Pyrex, and hard glass would be suitable materials for the construction of the shield.
Stainless-steel wire with a high chromium content is a preferred material for the construction of the conta;nment mesh and mounting strap or straps because of its superior high-temperature properties, relatively low coefficient of thermal expansion, good resistance to oxidation and corrosion, and high tensile strength.
In embodiments employing a containment mesh, the mesh size, i.e., the number of stitches per inch, should be selected such that the mesh will contain shards with mass large enough to be likely to cause a rupture of the outer envelope in the event of a burst of the light-source capsule. Thus, the selection of mesh size is dependent on many factors, such as the type of lamp, the properties of the light-source capsule, the atmosphere within the capsule, the type of mesh, the diameter and tensile strength of the wire in the mesh, etc.
In FIG. 3, there is shown an arc discharge lamp having a double-ended arc tube and a cylindrical containment device. There are equally feasible embodiments where arc discharge lamps with~
double-ended arc tubes employ domed containment devices like the device shown in FIG. 2. There are also feasible embodiments where arc discharge lamps with single-ended arc tubes employ domed D-24,514 ~37~
con-tainment devices. All o~ the benefits and variations of embodiments that have been disclosed with respect to arc discharge lamps apply with equal effectiveness and validity to tungsten halogen lamps and more generally to any electric lamps having a light-source capsule within an outer envelope where the possibility of lamp-containment failure exists~
Several example lamps were constructed. Each lamp employed a quartz shield. ~he containment means was a loosely woven wire mesh surrounding the shield. Mesh sizes ranged from 8 to 20 stitches per inch. The mesh was constructed of stainless-steel wire having a diameter of approximately .005 inches. The mounting means comprised one or two stainless-steel straps.
In some embodiments of the invention, the mounting means for securing the containment means to the shield may be inherent in the shield or containment means. One example is an embodiment wherein the containment means is imbedded in the shield. Another example is an embodiment wherein the containment means is secured to the shield-by means of elastic or adhesive forces exerted by the containment means itself.
Thus, there is provided a light-source capsule containment device and a lamp employing such a device which provide substantially improved operational safety characteristics.
While there have been shown and described what are at present considered to be the preferred embodiments of the-invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that uarious changes and modifications can be made herein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (15)
1. A double-enveloped arc discharge lamp comprising:
(a) an outer envelope;
(b) an arc tube mounted within said outer envelope, said arc tube being subject to burst on rare occasions;
(c) a light-transmissive shield mounted within said outer envelope and substantially surrounding said arc tube, said shield being subject to being shattered by a burst of said arc tube;
(d) containment means mounted within said outer envelope and substantially surrounding said shield, said containment means being capable of containing shards with mass large enough to be likely to cause a rupture of the outer envelope, said containment means being capable of withstanding a temperature of approximately 300°C and a pressure of approximately 30 atmospheres; and (e) means for structurally and electrically completing said lamp.
(a) an outer envelope;
(b) an arc tube mounted within said outer envelope, said arc tube being subject to burst on rare occasions;
(c) a light-transmissive shield mounted within said outer envelope and substantially surrounding said arc tube, said shield being subject to being shattered by a burst of said arc tube;
(d) containment means mounted within said outer envelope and substantially surrounding said shield, said containment means being capable of containing shards with mass large enough to be likely to cause a rupture of the outer envelope, said containment means being capable of withstanding a temperature of approximately 300°C and a pressure of approximately 30 atmospheres; and (e) means for structurally and electrically completing said lamp.
2. A lamp as described in Claim 1 wherein said containment means is mounted on said shield.
3. A lamp as described in Claim 2 wherein said containment means is embedded in the body of said shield.
4. A lamp as described in Claim 1 wherein said containment means is a mesh formed from light-reflecting metal wire.
5. A lamp as described in Claim 4 wherein:
(a) the diameter of said metal wire is approximately .005 inch or greater;
(b) the size of said mesh ranges between eight and twenty stitches per inch inclusive; and (c) the luminous efficacy of said lamp is reduced by less than five percent because of the presence of said mesh.
(a) the diameter of said metal wire is approximately .005 inch or greater;
(b) the size of said mesh ranges between eight and twenty stitches per inch inclusive; and (c) the luminous efficacy of said lamp is reduced by less than five percent because of the presence of said mesh.
6. a lamp as described in Claim 1 wherein said shield has an elongated cylindrical body with a dome at one end and an opening at the other end.
7. A lamp as described in Claim 1 wherein said shield has an elongated cylindrical body with openings at both ends.
8. A lamp as described in Claim 4 wherein said mesh is loosely woven.
9. A lamp as described in Claim 8 wherein said loosely woven mesh is mounted on said shield by means of elastic and adhesive forces exerted on said shield by said mesh itself.
10. A lamp as described in Claim 1 wherein said shield is formed from quartz glass.
11. A lamp as described in Claim 4 wherein said light-reflecting metal wire is stainless steel.
12. A lamp as described in Claim 1 wherein said arc tube is single ended.
13. A lamp as described in Claim 1 wherein said arc tube is double-ended.
14. A lamp as described in Claim 1 wherein said lamp is a metal-halide arc discharge lamp.
15. A lamp as described in Claim 1 wherein said lamp is a high-pressure sodium arc discharge lamp.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US42231282A | 1982-09-23 | 1982-09-23 | |
| US422,312 | 1982-09-23 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1237111A true CA1237111A (en) | 1988-05-24 |
Family
ID=23674305
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000437293A Expired CA1237111A (en) | 1982-09-23 | 1983-09-22 | Light-source capsule containment device and lamp employing such device |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0104594B1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU570012B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1237111A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3379089D1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT1190369B (en) * | 1985-06-19 | 1988-02-16 | Montefluos Spa | COVULCANISABLE COMPOSITIONS OF FLUOROELASTOMERS WITH IMPROVED CHEMICAL STABILITY |
| GB8604117D0 (en) * | 1986-02-19 | 1986-03-26 | Mclauchlan R A | Light tube protector |
| CA1305995C (en) * | 1987-08-28 | 1992-08-04 | William M. Keeffe | Double-enveloped lamp having a shield surrounding a light-source capsule within a thick-walled outer envelope |
| US4942330A (en) * | 1988-09-30 | 1990-07-17 | Gte Products Corporation | Lamp assembly utilizing shield and ceramic fiber mesh for containment |
| US5043623A (en) * | 1990-12-06 | 1991-08-27 | Gte Products Corporation | Reflector lamp assembly including metal halide arc tube |
| US6995513B2 (en) | 2001-05-08 | 2006-02-07 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Coil antenna/protection for ceramic metal halide lamps |
| DE102010044045A1 (en) * | 2010-11-17 | 2012-05-24 | Osram Ag | discharge lamp |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE432316A (en) * | 1938-01-25 | |||
| NL50256C (en) * | 1938-04-02 | |||
| DE1080225B (en) * | 1954-03-17 | 1960-04-21 | Viktor Weiss | Elongated tubular electric lamp |
| US4281274A (en) * | 1979-08-01 | 1981-07-28 | General Electric Co. | Discharge lamp having vitreous shield |
-
1983
- 1983-09-20 DE DE8383109346T patent/DE3379089D1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-09-20 EP EP83109346A patent/EP0104594B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-09-22 CA CA000437293A patent/CA1237111A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-09-23 AU AU19507/83A patent/AU570012B2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU570012B2 (en) | 1988-03-03 |
| AU1950783A (en) | 1984-03-29 |
| EP0104594A3 (en) | 1984-11-07 |
| DE3379089D1 (en) | 1989-03-02 |
| EP0104594A2 (en) | 1984-04-04 |
| EP0104594B1 (en) | 1989-01-25 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4721876A (en) | Light-source capsule containment device and lamp employing such device | |
| US4888517A (en) | Double-enveloped lamp having a shield surrounding a light-source capsule within a thick-walled outer envelope | |
| US4625140A (en) | Tungsten halogen lamp with light source capsule containment device | |
| US4942330A (en) | Lamp assembly utilizing shield and ceramic fiber mesh for containment | |
| EP0306269B1 (en) | Double-enveloped electric lamp | |
| CA1237111A (en) | Light-source capsule containment device and lamp employing such device | |
| US5122706A (en) | Arc lamp assembly with containment means surrounding light source capsule | |
| US4598225A (en) | Electric lamp with high outer-envelope to inner-envelope wall-thickness ratio | |
| US4039893A (en) | Discharge lamp having disconnect effective upon jacket failure | |
| JP4431981B2 (en) | High pressure discharge lamp | |
| US5719463A (en) | Retaining spring and stop means for lamp mount | |
| CA1214194A (en) | Tungsten-halogen lamp with light-source capsule containment device | |
| JP2007165314A (en) | Lamp provided with outer tube | |
| US5731662A (en) | Metal halide lamp with getter | |
| JPH03147247A (en) | Lamp assembly body using shielding body for containment and ceramic fiber mesh | |
| US7511406B2 (en) | Metal halide arc discharge lamp | |
| US6459191B1 (en) | Dome shield for protected metal halide lamps | |
| JP2006228583A (en) | High-pressure discharge lamp | |
| JPH06295708A (en) | Metal halide arc lamp with shroud for containment made of glass | |
| JPH05325897A (en) | Metal halide lamp | |
| JP2009206056A (en) | High-pressure discharge lamp and lighting device | |
| JP2006228584A (en) | High pressure discharge lamp | |
| JPH0594806A (en) | Metal halide lamp | |
| JP2003100252A (en) | High-pressure metal vapor discharge lamp and lighting apparatus | |
| JPH07142033A (en) | Metal halide lamp |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |