CA1233104A - Chair with raisable seat, particularly for theaters - Google Patents
Chair with raisable seat, particularly for theatersInfo
- Publication number
- CA1233104A CA1233104A CA000475734A CA475734A CA1233104A CA 1233104 A CA1233104 A CA 1233104A CA 000475734 A CA000475734 A CA 000475734A CA 475734 A CA475734 A CA 475734A CA 1233104 A CA1233104 A CA 1233104A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- seat
- fixed
- shaped
- chair
- chair according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Abstract
CHAIR WITH RAISABLE SEAT, PARTICULARLY FOR THEATERS
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A chair for a theater comprises support means, an upwardly open U-shaped iron fitting fixed to the support means, its front limb bearing a seat hinged around an axis spaced from its rear edge, the latter retracting within the limbs of the U-shaped fitting when the seat is raised. The rear limb bears the backrest and, optionally, armrests.
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A chair for a theater comprises support means, an upwardly open U-shaped iron fitting fixed to the support means, its front limb bearing a seat hinged around an axis spaced from its rear edge, the latter retracting within the limbs of the U-shaped fitting when the seat is raised. The rear limb bears the backrest and, optionally, armrests.
Description
33~
DESCRIPTION
_ TITLE :
"Chair with raisable seat, particularly for theaters"
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to chairs of which the seat is raisable, and more particularly to chairs of this type designed for theaters.
In a theater, of course, the minimum distance between chairs of two successive rows is governed by safety standards. This distance is reckoned between the most pro-jecting part of a chair of a given row with respect to the backrest of the chair of the preceding row. It is therefore essential, in order to be able to install the maximum num-ber of chairs in a theater of given size, for the seat to be raisable as much as possible against the backrest.
The minimum overall dimension is determined by the length of the armrests designed in vlew of comfort if the raised seat is entirely received between these armrests.
Chairs comprising two lateral legs to which are fixed two hinge casings generally have this minimum overall dimension determined by that of the armrests. However, the mounting of seat assemblies of this type is complex and the number of parts to be adjusted important. Moreover, the lateral position of the legs can constitute a constraint for the spectators and the appearance thereof is unattractive.
These drawbac~s have been avoided by chairs with raisable seats for which the support means comprise a single central leg, such as that described in French patent N 2 155 042.
In this case, a single hinge casing is fixed to the leg, and the seat is connected to the casing through its rear edge.
'~Y~
Al ~:33~
However, the overall dimension of these chairs is relatively large, since the rear of the seat cushion abuts against the backrest is raised position so that the front edge of the seat projects distinctly forward of the end portion of the armrest. Here the overall dimension which must be satisfied to respect the safety standards is hence determined, not by the armrests, but by the raised seat.
In addition, considering the distance between lo the hinge axis and the center of gravity of the seat, a very powerful return spring is necessary to obtain auto-matic raising, and the hinge casing supporting considerable forces, it is of very heavy construction. The large return force necessary generally involves the use of a helical spring mounted around the hinge axis and working in torsion.
This type of use causes fairly rapid fatigue of the spring, which, associated with the contingent wear of the cushions, results in a raised positiGn less and less high with time as well as variations in the raised position over a row.
These variations constitute a threat to safety, detract from the appearance and entail upkeep costs.
Finally, in known chairs with a raisable seat, the hinge casings are welded to the support means or fixed to the latter at a well-determined angle with respect to its axis. The assembly of the support means and the casing must therefore be adapted to the slope of the floor on which the chair must be fixed, in order that the slope of the seat may correspond to the conformation of the theater.
If on delivery, there appears a difference between the theoretical and the actual slopes, the whole stock o support means and casings of all the chairs must be changed or chocks must be used, enormously complicating installa-tion. On the other hand, the angle formed with the floor by the axis of the support means varies with the theater, ~233~
and if a support cover is required, lt must be manufactured to order.
GENERAL DESC~IPTION OF THE INVENTION
To avoid these various drawbacks, an object of the invention is to provide a chair with a ralsable seat whose overall dimension is minimal, mounting simple, mecha-nism light, robust and reliable, aesthetic appearance favo-rable, comfort optimal and a1aptationto a floor slope easy.
The invention therefore provides for this purpose a chair comprising a support means supporting a backrest, a hinged seat and possibly armrests, said support means including a unit which, seen in profile, has a general shape of an upwardly-open U connected through its web to a stay fixed to the floor, one of the limbs being situated at the back and bearing the backrest, the other limb being situated at the front and bearing the seat through a hinge, the hinge axis being spaced from the rear end of the seat so that a portion of the latter is received between the limbs of the ~ when it is raised, wherein a leaf spring is fixed to the front limb of the generally ~-shaped unit, and cooperates with a lever-forming element fixed to the seat so as to urge it towards its raised position.
According to another advantageous feature of the invention, the generally U or V-shaped unit comprises a single part of stamped sheet-metal.
According to a further advantageous feature of the invention, the support means comprises a central leg fixed to the floor and to the upper end of which is remo-vably fixed, said generally ~-shaped unit.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Other features and advantages of the invention hill appear from the following description of a preferred embodiment explained with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which :
~Z33~
Figure 1 shows a chalr according to the invention seen in profile, with the seat raised ;
Figure 2 shows the chair of Figure 1 also in profile, with the seat lowered ;
Figure 3 is a vertical section of the chair through the middle plane ;
Figure 4 shows diagramatically in partly exploded perspective a detail of the chair seen from below ;
Figure 5 shows a view from below of the seat of the chair ;
Flgure 6 shows in perspective the leg of the chair with the supports of the backrests and of the armrests ;
E'igures 7, 8 ancl 9 show the adaptation of the leg ar.c' of its cover to a floor of given slope.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIME~TS
A chair 1 according to t~.e invention is shown as a whole in Figures 1 and 2 seen in profile. Its support means comprises a leg 2 at the top of which is fixed an iron fitting 3 which has, seen in profile, an upwardly-open general U-shape. A seat 4 is hinged to the limb or winq 3a of this iron fitting, whilst the limb or wing 3b is adapted to receive a backrest 5 and armrests 6 are fixed thereto.
The leg 2 comprises a shaft 8 of metal tubing with rectangular cross section whose lower end is cut at right angles and welded to a plate 9 of sheet metal, design-ed to be fixed to the floor by means of screws. A cover 10, of plastics material, for example injection-molded, conceals the whole of the leg 2. The upper end of the shaft 8 is cut at an angle determined as a function cf the slope of the floor and of the desired inclination of the seat 4, as indicated in Figures 7, 8 and 9. A metal plate 11 is welded to this end, and also comprises threaded orifices for fixing the iron fitting 3.
~33~
The latter i5 obtained by stamping an approxima-tely rectangular sheet metal plate. The rear wing or limb 3b of this generally U-shaped structure is substantially longer -than the front wing or llmb 3a, and both are orient-ed upwards and slightly inclined outwardly.
The later~l edges 3c are folded back to a right angle towards the inside of the ~ in order to stiffen the iron fitting. Web 3d connecting the two limbs 3a and 3b is almost flat and fixed by screws 12 to the plate 11.
An axle support 13, of acetal resin, for example, provided with side-notches 14 forming bearings, cap the upper edge of the wing 3a. To the practically flat lnner face of the latter is fixed a leaf-spring 15 by means of a screw 16 passing through the wing 3a and screwed intc a cage-nut 17 fast to the leaf spring 15. The upper end 15a of the latter is curved back towards the front to form a semi-cylindrical latching portion with axis parallel to the axis of the notches 14 but slightly shifted, situated opFcsite a cut-out 18 formed on the up~r edge of the wing 3a and masked by the support 13.
A fastening fork of the backrest 5 is fixed by means cf screws (not shown) on the inner surface of the upper end of the rear wing 3b of the structure 3. It comprises a sheet metal plate 19 to the lateral ends of which are welded to parallel square tubec 2G extending obliquely upwards. An adjusting screw 21 only the head of which is visible from outside the structure 3, is screwed into a threaded orifice 22 formed in the plate 19 to permit adjustmert of the inclination of the tubes 2C, and hence that of the backrest 5 fitted on these tubes 20.
A bridging member 23 is welded to the rear upper end of the lateral edges 3c, and supports rigld steel arms 24, to ~hich are fixed iron fittings 25 to which are attach-ed the armrests 6.
~;233~
A metal lug 26 is welded to the middle of the lower surface of the member 23 and serves as a stop for the seat 4 when it is lowered.
The latter comprlses essen-tially a foam cushion 27 covered with upholstery 28 and fixed to a rigid case 29, for example of plastics material molded by inj~ction under pressure. At the rear of the case 29 is provided a rectan-gular cavity to receive a plate 30 for hinging the seat, of stamped sheet-metal. Its lateral ~dges 30a are flanged and their rear ends 30b are folded back against the rear edge of the case to which they are fixed by screws 31.
An extension 30c from plate 30, covered with rubber or other elastic material .at its end, projects rearwards and upwards as shown in Figure 3.
An axle 32, constituted by a round steel rod bent into a crank shape is welded transversly to the lateral edges 30a.
This ax1e is slightly spaced vertically from the plate 30, and is at a distance from the edge of the seat of about a quarter of the total length of the latter (see Figure 4). The central portion 32a of this axle is parallel to its lateral portions 32b but slightly eccentric rearwards and downwards when the seat is lowered.
These lateral portions 32b are received in notches 25 14 of the suFport 13, whilst the portion 32a is in engage-ment with the hook-shaped portion 15a of the leaf-spring 15.
The latter therefore impresses a rotary torque on the axle 32 in anti-clockwise direction (seen in Figure 3) so that the seat 4 is always urged towards its raised position.
3G The seat 4 is hence hinged around the axle 32, and its extreme positions are determined on the one hand by the extension 30c and the lug 26 for the lowered position, and on the other hand by this same extension 30c and a foam pad 33 fixed, for example, by glueing to the bottom of the ~'~33~
iron fitting 3, as regards the raised position. In the latter position, the rear portion of seat 4 is received between the wings of the iron fitting 3 ~Figure 1). Conse-quently, the seat 4 can be turned back without obstacle against the b2ckrest S between the armrests 6, and the maximum longitudinal overall dimension of the chair is limited to a distance d (Figure 1) definec between the rear énd of the backrest 5 and the front end of the arm-rests 6. Moreover, the stop 26 and the extension 30c form lC an accurate and reliable stop d~vice for the raised posi-tion, so that this position does not vary in the course of the use of the chair.
On the other hand, the position of the axle 32 spaced from the rear edse of the seat 4, considerably 1~ red~ces the return torque necessary tc raise the seat 4, since the seat portion situated behind the axle 32, with its hinge plate 30, forms a ccunterweight when the seat is raising.
The spring therefore exerts less force on the support means and on the hinge which can thus be ligh~ened with respect to prior art structures.
In addition, a leaf spring 15 with a small range of movemer,t may be employed, which simplifies ccnstruction and mounting of the chair, since it is fixed and tensioned by a single screw 16. Also, the r~liability and life of the whole of the chair is increased, in spite of the lighter.ing of the parts.
In modifications which are not shown in the drawings, the U-shaped iron fitting 3 may be replaced by two lndependent metal members extending approximately vertically to the front and to the rear of the support means. These members can then be fixed to a floor plate with a certain separation between them to define the space into which the rear portiGn of seat 4 can be retracted.
~33~
In the same way, various structures may be adopted for the seat and the backrest ; the case 2, for example, can be replaced by a rigid structure provided with a vlsible covering also on its inner surface.
DESCRIPTION
_ TITLE :
"Chair with raisable seat, particularly for theaters"
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to chairs of which the seat is raisable, and more particularly to chairs of this type designed for theaters.
In a theater, of course, the minimum distance between chairs of two successive rows is governed by safety standards. This distance is reckoned between the most pro-jecting part of a chair of a given row with respect to the backrest of the chair of the preceding row. It is therefore essential, in order to be able to install the maximum num-ber of chairs in a theater of given size, for the seat to be raisable as much as possible against the backrest.
The minimum overall dimension is determined by the length of the armrests designed in vlew of comfort if the raised seat is entirely received between these armrests.
Chairs comprising two lateral legs to which are fixed two hinge casings generally have this minimum overall dimension determined by that of the armrests. However, the mounting of seat assemblies of this type is complex and the number of parts to be adjusted important. Moreover, the lateral position of the legs can constitute a constraint for the spectators and the appearance thereof is unattractive.
These drawbac~s have been avoided by chairs with raisable seats for which the support means comprise a single central leg, such as that described in French patent N 2 155 042.
In this case, a single hinge casing is fixed to the leg, and the seat is connected to the casing through its rear edge.
'~Y~
Al ~:33~
However, the overall dimension of these chairs is relatively large, since the rear of the seat cushion abuts against the backrest is raised position so that the front edge of the seat projects distinctly forward of the end portion of the armrest. Here the overall dimension which must be satisfied to respect the safety standards is hence determined, not by the armrests, but by the raised seat.
In addition, considering the distance between lo the hinge axis and the center of gravity of the seat, a very powerful return spring is necessary to obtain auto-matic raising, and the hinge casing supporting considerable forces, it is of very heavy construction. The large return force necessary generally involves the use of a helical spring mounted around the hinge axis and working in torsion.
This type of use causes fairly rapid fatigue of the spring, which, associated with the contingent wear of the cushions, results in a raised positiGn less and less high with time as well as variations in the raised position over a row.
These variations constitute a threat to safety, detract from the appearance and entail upkeep costs.
Finally, in known chairs with a raisable seat, the hinge casings are welded to the support means or fixed to the latter at a well-determined angle with respect to its axis. The assembly of the support means and the casing must therefore be adapted to the slope of the floor on which the chair must be fixed, in order that the slope of the seat may correspond to the conformation of the theater.
If on delivery, there appears a difference between the theoretical and the actual slopes, the whole stock o support means and casings of all the chairs must be changed or chocks must be used, enormously complicating installa-tion. On the other hand, the angle formed with the floor by the axis of the support means varies with the theater, ~233~
and if a support cover is required, lt must be manufactured to order.
GENERAL DESC~IPTION OF THE INVENTION
To avoid these various drawbacks, an object of the invention is to provide a chair with a ralsable seat whose overall dimension is minimal, mounting simple, mecha-nism light, robust and reliable, aesthetic appearance favo-rable, comfort optimal and a1aptationto a floor slope easy.
The invention therefore provides for this purpose a chair comprising a support means supporting a backrest, a hinged seat and possibly armrests, said support means including a unit which, seen in profile, has a general shape of an upwardly-open U connected through its web to a stay fixed to the floor, one of the limbs being situated at the back and bearing the backrest, the other limb being situated at the front and bearing the seat through a hinge, the hinge axis being spaced from the rear end of the seat so that a portion of the latter is received between the limbs of the ~ when it is raised, wherein a leaf spring is fixed to the front limb of the generally ~-shaped unit, and cooperates with a lever-forming element fixed to the seat so as to urge it towards its raised position.
According to another advantageous feature of the invention, the generally U or V-shaped unit comprises a single part of stamped sheet-metal.
According to a further advantageous feature of the invention, the support means comprises a central leg fixed to the floor and to the upper end of which is remo-vably fixed, said generally ~-shaped unit.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Other features and advantages of the invention hill appear from the following description of a preferred embodiment explained with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which :
~Z33~
Figure 1 shows a chalr according to the invention seen in profile, with the seat raised ;
Figure 2 shows the chair of Figure 1 also in profile, with the seat lowered ;
Figure 3 is a vertical section of the chair through the middle plane ;
Figure 4 shows diagramatically in partly exploded perspective a detail of the chair seen from below ;
Figure 5 shows a view from below of the seat of the chair ;
Flgure 6 shows in perspective the leg of the chair with the supports of the backrests and of the armrests ;
E'igures 7, 8 ancl 9 show the adaptation of the leg ar.c' of its cover to a floor of given slope.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIME~TS
A chair 1 according to t~.e invention is shown as a whole in Figures 1 and 2 seen in profile. Its support means comprises a leg 2 at the top of which is fixed an iron fitting 3 which has, seen in profile, an upwardly-open general U-shape. A seat 4 is hinged to the limb or winq 3a of this iron fitting, whilst the limb or wing 3b is adapted to receive a backrest 5 and armrests 6 are fixed thereto.
The leg 2 comprises a shaft 8 of metal tubing with rectangular cross section whose lower end is cut at right angles and welded to a plate 9 of sheet metal, design-ed to be fixed to the floor by means of screws. A cover 10, of plastics material, for example injection-molded, conceals the whole of the leg 2. The upper end of the shaft 8 is cut at an angle determined as a function cf the slope of the floor and of the desired inclination of the seat 4, as indicated in Figures 7, 8 and 9. A metal plate 11 is welded to this end, and also comprises threaded orifices for fixing the iron fitting 3.
~33~
The latter i5 obtained by stamping an approxima-tely rectangular sheet metal plate. The rear wing or limb 3b of this generally U-shaped structure is substantially longer -than the front wing or llmb 3a, and both are orient-ed upwards and slightly inclined outwardly.
The later~l edges 3c are folded back to a right angle towards the inside of the ~ in order to stiffen the iron fitting. Web 3d connecting the two limbs 3a and 3b is almost flat and fixed by screws 12 to the plate 11.
An axle support 13, of acetal resin, for example, provided with side-notches 14 forming bearings, cap the upper edge of the wing 3a. To the practically flat lnner face of the latter is fixed a leaf-spring 15 by means of a screw 16 passing through the wing 3a and screwed intc a cage-nut 17 fast to the leaf spring 15. The upper end 15a of the latter is curved back towards the front to form a semi-cylindrical latching portion with axis parallel to the axis of the notches 14 but slightly shifted, situated opFcsite a cut-out 18 formed on the up~r edge of the wing 3a and masked by the support 13.
A fastening fork of the backrest 5 is fixed by means cf screws (not shown) on the inner surface of the upper end of the rear wing 3b of the structure 3. It comprises a sheet metal plate 19 to the lateral ends of which are welded to parallel square tubec 2G extending obliquely upwards. An adjusting screw 21 only the head of which is visible from outside the structure 3, is screwed into a threaded orifice 22 formed in the plate 19 to permit adjustmert of the inclination of the tubes 2C, and hence that of the backrest 5 fitted on these tubes 20.
A bridging member 23 is welded to the rear upper end of the lateral edges 3c, and supports rigld steel arms 24, to ~hich are fixed iron fittings 25 to which are attach-ed the armrests 6.
~;233~
A metal lug 26 is welded to the middle of the lower surface of the member 23 and serves as a stop for the seat 4 when it is lowered.
The latter comprlses essen-tially a foam cushion 27 covered with upholstery 28 and fixed to a rigid case 29, for example of plastics material molded by inj~ction under pressure. At the rear of the case 29 is provided a rectan-gular cavity to receive a plate 30 for hinging the seat, of stamped sheet-metal. Its lateral ~dges 30a are flanged and their rear ends 30b are folded back against the rear edge of the case to which they are fixed by screws 31.
An extension 30c from plate 30, covered with rubber or other elastic material .at its end, projects rearwards and upwards as shown in Figure 3.
An axle 32, constituted by a round steel rod bent into a crank shape is welded transversly to the lateral edges 30a.
This ax1e is slightly spaced vertically from the plate 30, and is at a distance from the edge of the seat of about a quarter of the total length of the latter (see Figure 4). The central portion 32a of this axle is parallel to its lateral portions 32b but slightly eccentric rearwards and downwards when the seat is lowered.
These lateral portions 32b are received in notches 25 14 of the suFport 13, whilst the portion 32a is in engage-ment with the hook-shaped portion 15a of the leaf-spring 15.
The latter therefore impresses a rotary torque on the axle 32 in anti-clockwise direction (seen in Figure 3) so that the seat 4 is always urged towards its raised position.
3G The seat 4 is hence hinged around the axle 32, and its extreme positions are determined on the one hand by the extension 30c and the lug 26 for the lowered position, and on the other hand by this same extension 30c and a foam pad 33 fixed, for example, by glueing to the bottom of the ~'~33~
iron fitting 3, as regards the raised position. In the latter position, the rear portion of seat 4 is received between the wings of the iron fitting 3 ~Figure 1). Conse-quently, the seat 4 can be turned back without obstacle against the b2ckrest S between the armrests 6, and the maximum longitudinal overall dimension of the chair is limited to a distance d (Figure 1) definec between the rear énd of the backrest 5 and the front end of the arm-rests 6. Moreover, the stop 26 and the extension 30c form lC an accurate and reliable stop d~vice for the raised posi-tion, so that this position does not vary in the course of the use of the chair.
On the other hand, the position of the axle 32 spaced from the rear edse of the seat 4, considerably 1~ red~ces the return torque necessary tc raise the seat 4, since the seat portion situated behind the axle 32, with its hinge plate 30, forms a ccunterweight when the seat is raising.
The spring therefore exerts less force on the support means and on the hinge which can thus be ligh~ened with respect to prior art structures.
In addition, a leaf spring 15 with a small range of movemer,t may be employed, which simplifies ccnstruction and mounting of the chair, since it is fixed and tensioned by a single screw 16. Also, the r~liability and life of the whole of the chair is increased, in spite of the lighter.ing of the parts.
In modifications which are not shown in the drawings, the U-shaped iron fitting 3 may be replaced by two lndependent metal members extending approximately vertically to the front and to the rear of the support means. These members can then be fixed to a floor plate with a certain separation between them to define the space into which the rear portiGn of seat 4 can be retracted.
~33~
In the same way, various structures may be adopted for the seat and the backrest ; the case 2, for example, can be replaced by a rigid structure provided with a vlsible covering also on its inner surface.
Claims (8)
1. A chair comprising support means, a backrest, a hinged seat and optionally armrests supported on said support means, said support means comprising a unit which, seen in profile, has an upwardly open general U shape, and a stay fixed to the floor to which the web of the U-shaped means is connected, one of the limbs of the U-shaped means being situated at the rear and bearing the backrest, the other limb being situated at the front and bearing the seat through a hinge, the hinge axis being spaced from the rear edge of the seat so that a portion of the latter is received between the limbs of the U when it is raised, wherein 2 leaf spring is fixed to the front limb of the generally U-shaped unit, and a lever-forming element is fixed to the seat and cooperates with said leaf spring so as to urge the seat towards its raised position.
2. A chair according to claim 1, wherein the generally U-shaped unit is a single part of stamped sheet metal.
3. A chair according to claim 1, wherein the support means comprise a central leg fixed to the floor and to the upper end of which is removably fixed said generally U-shaped unit.
4. A chair according to claim 1, wherein the lever-forming element is an eccentric portion of a hinge axle of the seat, this axle having a crank shape and being received on rotation through its ends on the generally U-shaped unit.
5. A chair according to claim 1, wherein the seat has a rearward by projecting element, two stops being formed on the U-shaped unit to cooperate with said element to fix the extreme positions of the seat.
6. A chair according to claim 1, comprising arms borne by the rear limb of the unit, and iron fittings fixed to said arms, wherein the armrests are mounted on said fittings.
7. A chair according to claim 4, including an axle support, preferably of plastics material, disposed to cap said generally U-shaped front limb, and in which the ends of the hinge axle are received.
8. A chair according to claim 5, including an axle support, preferably of plastics material, disposed to cap said generally U-shaped front limb, and in which the ends of the hinge axle are received.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000475734A CA1233104A (en) | 1985-03-05 | 1985-03-05 | Chair with raisable seat, particularly for theaters |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000475734A CA1233104A (en) | 1985-03-05 | 1985-03-05 | Chair with raisable seat, particularly for theaters |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1233104A true CA1233104A (en) | 1988-02-23 |
Family
ID=4129959
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000475734A Expired CA1233104A (en) | 1985-03-05 | 1985-03-05 | Chair with raisable seat, particularly for theaters |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1233104A (en) |
-
1985
- 1985-03-05 CA CA000475734A patent/CA1233104A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |