CA1233037A - Method of rock bolting and tube-formed expansion bolt - Google Patents
Method of rock bolting and tube-formed expansion boltInfo
- Publication number
- CA1233037A CA1233037A CA000524271A CA524271A CA1233037A CA 1233037 A CA1233037 A CA 1233037A CA 000524271 A CA000524271 A CA 000524271A CA 524271 A CA524271 A CA 524271A CA 1233037 A CA1233037 A CA 1233037A
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- bolt
- borehole
- rock
- deformed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Abstract
Abstract:
A tube-formed rock bolt is partly circular in its cross-section and opposite its circular portion (12) it has a deep depression (16-18).
Its ends are sealed and its outer end has a hole (44, 45) or a fit-ting (24) through which the bolt can be supplied with high pressure water that expands the tube to anchor it in the borehole.
A tube-formed rock bolt is partly circular in its cross-section and opposite its circular portion (12) it has a deep depression (16-18).
Its ends are sealed and its outer end has a hole (44, 45) or a fit-ting (24) through which the bolt can be supplied with high pressure water that expands the tube to anchor it in the borehole.
Description
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This invention relates to a method of rock bolting where-in a tube-formed bolt smaller than the hole is first inserted in-to the Barlow and then expanded against the hole so that it becomes anchored.
In a prior art method, a rock bolt is used that has a short tube attached to its inner end, In the tube that has a circular cross-section, a weak explosive is arranged to expand the tube when detonating. Such bolts do not satisfactorily anchor in all rocks and the method is not very simple and it causes safety problems.
The invention provides a method of reinforcing rock comprising:
providing a bolt that comprises an expansible elongated tube which has a deep continuous longitudinal depression which extends inwardly of the bolt toward the axis of the bolt and which extends longitudinally of the tube over substantially the complete length of the tube;
drilling a hole in the rock of a diameter large enough to permit the unexpanded bolt to be freely inserted in the Barlow;
inserting the bolt in the Barlow; and deforming said tube by bending by applying pressure to the interior of said tube to expand said tube against the Barlow over substantially the entire length of the bolt to expand said depression outwardly substantially without stretching the material of the tube so as to cause permanent gripping action of the tube I
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against the inner surface of the Barlow, and thereafter relieving said pressure.
The invention will further be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Figure 1 is a side view, partly in section of rock bolt accord-in to the invention.
Figure 2 is an end view-seen as indicated by the arrows 2-2 in Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a cross section on a larger scale taken along line 10. 3-3 in Figure 1. It is also a cross-section taken along line 3-3 in Figure 6 and along line 3-3 in Figure 8.
Figure 4 is an end view as indicated by the arrows 4-4 in Figure 1.
Figure 5 is a cross section corresponding to Figure 3 but showing the rock bolt anchored ion a Barlow.
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Fig. 6 is a side view, partly in section of the rock bolt shown in Fig. 1, the ends of the rock bolt being modified.
Fig 7 is an end view seen as indicated by the arrows 7-7 in Fig. 6.
Figs 8 and 9 are side views of the outer end and bottom end respect lively of another rock bolt according to the invention.
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Fig. 10 is an end view seen as indicated by the arrows 10-10 in Fig. 9.
! 10 Figs 11-13 show the steps in sealing the bottom end shown in Fig. 9, Fig. 13 being a view seen as indicated by arrows 13-13 in Fig. 12~
Figs 14, 15 and 16 are side views of the outer ends of other alterna-live designs of rock bolts according to the invention.
Fig. 17 is a side view of the outer end of still another design.
jig. 18 is a side view corresponding to Fig. 17 but showing the rock-bolt when it has been expanded.
Fig, 19 is a cross-section token along line 19-19 in Fig. 17.
Fig. 20 is a cross-section taken along line 20-20 in Fig. 18.
Figs 21 and 22 show two steps in joining two rock bolts in a Barlow.
The rock bolt shown in Fig. 1 comprises a tube 11 with a profile as shown in Fig. 3. Between the points 13 and 14 in Fig. 3, the purify-rye of the tube forms a circle arc 12 having a focus 15, a radius Rand a centre angle that exceeds 180 , actually the centre angle exceeds also 270. The tube 11 has been drawn, rolled or folded to have a deep depression that comprises two gently curved outer port lions 16, 17 and a gently curved bottom portion 18. These three port lions 16-18 can have the form of circle arcs as shown in Fig. 3. The outer portions 16, 17 are bent more than 180 as shown in Fig. 3 and the bottom portion 18 extends past the point lo and to or almost to thy circular outer portion 12 of the tube. The two outer portion 16, lZ~3303~
17 contact each other ore are at least adjacent each other. The die-meter of the circle arc 12 is the largest gauge of the tube if.
Strengthening sleeves 19, 20 are disposed on both ends 21, 22 of thy tube 11, and the bottom end 22 of the tube 11 is first punched and then sealed by means of a weld 23. A tubular fitting 24 is inserted in the outer end 21 of the tube before the end is punched and sealed by means of a weld 25. In Figs 1 and 3, the bolt is shown before being used.
In Fig. 5, the bolt is shown anchored in a Barlow 26 by being ox panted against the Barlow. Before being expanded, the bolt can be freely inserted in the Barlow 26 since it is substantially thinner than the Barlow. The tube 11 is expanded by being pressurized by ! a fluid for example water of a pressure ox for example 100-500 bar.
The water is supplied from an external source through the fitting 24.
The strengthening sleeves I 20 prevent the ends of the tube 11 prom being expanded and the welds 23, 25 from brea~ing.If the tubes 11 are thin-walled and made of mild steel, a lower water pressure than 100 bar may be sufficient, but if the tubes 11 are thick-walled and are made of harder steel, a higher pressure than 500 bar may be nieces-Spry.
When the bolt is pressurized the outer circular portion 12 of the tube 11 will be bent into contact with the Barlow and the recession 16, 17, 18 will "roll" out in its outer portions 16, 17. The purify-\ 25 fat length of the tube 11 is the same before and after the expansion ¦ which reduces the risk of cracking. Since the remaining recession 16-18 is so large as shown in Fig. 5, it widens inwardly as shown or at least it will have substantially parallel walls 27, 28. The pressure will act on the walls 27, 28 in the direction of compressing the feces-soon, and as a result, there is a force acting in the direction of widening the recession when the bolt is relieved of pressure, which increases the frictional grip between the bolt and the Barlow.
In Fig. 6 a bolt is shown that differs from the ode shown in Fig. 1 by its ends. Two end plates, 31, 32 have been friction welded to the tube 11 and the fitting 24 has been friction welded to the outer plate 31. The fitting 24 can of course instead be affixed to the end plate 31 by means of threads. It is an advantage that a threaded ~;~33~13~
fitting tube can be removed and replaced by a hook or another means in which for example conduits can be mounted when the bolt has been anchored.
In Fig. 8, the outer part ova bolt is shown that comprises a tube 11 which in contrast to the bolt shown in Fig. 1 has not the recession 16-18 along its entire length but which has a circular outer end 34 that is too wide to be inserted into the Barlow. An end plate 35 with a threaded hole 36 for 2 fitting tube has been friction welded to the outer end of the tube 11. In Fig. 9 there is shown the bottom end of the bolt shown in Fig. 8. In Figs 11-13, the steps of making the end are shown. The end of the tube 11 is flattened as shown in Fig. 11 and bent as shown in Figs 12 and 13 before the longitudinal recession 16-18 shown in Fig. 3 is made so that the bottom end of the bolt will be as shown in Fig. 9. Thus, a tube with a circular cross-section is used for making the bolt according to Figs 8 and 9 and the tube is given the profile shown in Fig. 3 as the lose step, whereas a tube having the profile shown in Fig. 3 is used for making the bolts shown in Figs 1 and 6.
In Fig. 14, the outer end of a rock bolt is shown which is modified from the rock bolt shown in Fig. 6 in that the outer strengthening sleeve 19 is threaded along its entire length so that a plate 41 can be clamped against the rock by means of a nut 42. The sleeve 19 can be secured to the tube for example by being welded to the tube 11 or to the end plate 31 of the tube.
In Fig. lo, the outer end of a bolt is shown on which a plate 43 is welded to the end of the tube 11. sigh pressure water can be supplied to the tube through a hole 44 in the plate 43.
In Fig. 16 which also shows the outer end of a bolt, there is a hole 45 in the sleeve 19 through which water can be supplied to expand the bolt. A rock engaging plate 46 has been loosely put onto the tube 11 before the sleeve 19 is mounted on the tube and fixed thereto. The plate 46 will take support on the sleeve 19 when the bolt is inserted in a Barlow and the plate 46 contacts the rock.
1~3303~7 on contrast to the design of Fig. lo the plates 43 and 46 shun in Figs 15 and 16 cannot be tightened after the bolts have been anchored.
Such tightening after the anchoring is, however, not necessary since, when the bolt is being expanded, it starts to expand at its axial mid portion and gets stuck there and as the expansion proceeds, the length of the bolt will decrease a few millimeters. This reduction of the length of the bolt will cause the plate to be forced against the rock provided that the plate is in contact with the rock before the expand soon starts.
In Fig. 17, the outer end of a rock bolt similar to the one in Fig. 16 is shown. A threaded bolt 47 is inserted in the outer end as shown and it is held in position while the bolt is being expanded. The-bolt will be clamped and affixed because of the expansion of the tube if as can be seen in Figs 18 and 20. The bolt 47 can be used as a support in which for example conduits can be suspended in a tunnel A bolt according to the invention, for example the bolt shown in Fig. 1 I can be provided with a cutting edge at the front end so that it can be 20 fused to drill its own hole. Flushing fluid can during the drilling be supplied through the depression 18 shown in Fig. 3.
In Figfi 21 and Thor is illustrated a way of joining short rock bolts to form a long rock bolt. At first, a bolt 38 according to Fig. 1 or Z5 Fig. 6 is inserted in the Barlow. It has a joining sleeve 39 attached to its outer end. Then when the bolt 38 is expanded the sleeve 39 be-comes Secured to the bolt by friction. Now, when this bolt 38 is an-cored in the Barlow, another bolt 40 is inserted in the Barlow to extend into the sleeve 39. When this bolt is expanded, it will be so-cured to the sleeve 39 by friction. Thus, the two bolts 3B, 40 and the joining sleeve 39 form a long rock bolt together.
The illustrated rock bolts are anchored by a friction grip along sub-staunchly their entire length. The bolts are preferably made of mild steel so what they will adapt to the irregularities of the Barlow, for example to the helical form of the Barlow. Most Berlioz are somewhat helical and also when they are so little helical that the he-local form is not easily noticed, the helical form improves the anchor-30~
coring.
The expansion as deacrîbed above is carried out by means of pressure fluid from a external source. Alternatively, it can be carried out in other wave, for example by means of an explosive in the bolt. The bolt can also be an open tube that has one or more longitudinal depress sons and the expansion can be carried out mechanically by means of a mandrel that is forced into the tube.
Although expansion rock bolts with a prime object of supporting the strata have b Den described above, expansion bolts according to the in-mention can by used for other purposes, for example when the prime object is to anchor a comparatively short bolt so that it can carry an external load of any kind.
This invention relates to a method of rock bolting where-in a tube-formed bolt smaller than the hole is first inserted in-to the Barlow and then expanded against the hole so that it becomes anchored.
In a prior art method, a rock bolt is used that has a short tube attached to its inner end, In the tube that has a circular cross-section, a weak explosive is arranged to expand the tube when detonating. Such bolts do not satisfactorily anchor in all rocks and the method is not very simple and it causes safety problems.
The invention provides a method of reinforcing rock comprising:
providing a bolt that comprises an expansible elongated tube which has a deep continuous longitudinal depression which extends inwardly of the bolt toward the axis of the bolt and which extends longitudinally of the tube over substantially the complete length of the tube;
drilling a hole in the rock of a diameter large enough to permit the unexpanded bolt to be freely inserted in the Barlow;
inserting the bolt in the Barlow; and deforming said tube by bending by applying pressure to the interior of said tube to expand said tube against the Barlow over substantially the entire length of the bolt to expand said depression outwardly substantially without stretching the material of the tube so as to cause permanent gripping action of the tube I
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against the inner surface of the Barlow, and thereafter relieving said pressure.
The invention will further be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Figure 1 is a side view, partly in section of rock bolt accord-in to the invention.
Figure 2 is an end view-seen as indicated by the arrows 2-2 in Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a cross section on a larger scale taken along line 10. 3-3 in Figure 1. It is also a cross-section taken along line 3-3 in Figure 6 and along line 3-3 in Figure 8.
Figure 4 is an end view as indicated by the arrows 4-4 in Figure 1.
Figure 5 is a cross section corresponding to Figure 3 but showing the rock bolt anchored ion a Barlow.
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Fig. 6 is a side view, partly in section of the rock bolt shown in Fig. 1, the ends of the rock bolt being modified.
Fig 7 is an end view seen as indicated by the arrows 7-7 in Fig. 6.
Figs 8 and 9 are side views of the outer end and bottom end respect lively of another rock bolt according to the invention.
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Fig. 10 is an end view seen as indicated by the arrows 10-10 in Fig. 9.
! 10 Figs 11-13 show the steps in sealing the bottom end shown in Fig. 9, Fig. 13 being a view seen as indicated by arrows 13-13 in Fig. 12~
Figs 14, 15 and 16 are side views of the outer ends of other alterna-live designs of rock bolts according to the invention.
Fig. 17 is a side view of the outer end of still another design.
jig. 18 is a side view corresponding to Fig. 17 but showing the rock-bolt when it has been expanded.
Fig, 19 is a cross-section token along line 19-19 in Fig. 17.
Fig. 20 is a cross-section taken along line 20-20 in Fig. 18.
Figs 21 and 22 show two steps in joining two rock bolts in a Barlow.
The rock bolt shown in Fig. 1 comprises a tube 11 with a profile as shown in Fig. 3. Between the points 13 and 14 in Fig. 3, the purify-rye of the tube forms a circle arc 12 having a focus 15, a radius Rand a centre angle that exceeds 180 , actually the centre angle exceeds also 270. The tube 11 has been drawn, rolled or folded to have a deep depression that comprises two gently curved outer port lions 16, 17 and a gently curved bottom portion 18. These three port lions 16-18 can have the form of circle arcs as shown in Fig. 3. The outer portions 16, 17 are bent more than 180 as shown in Fig. 3 and the bottom portion 18 extends past the point lo and to or almost to thy circular outer portion 12 of the tube. The two outer portion 16, lZ~3303~
17 contact each other ore are at least adjacent each other. The die-meter of the circle arc 12 is the largest gauge of the tube if.
Strengthening sleeves 19, 20 are disposed on both ends 21, 22 of thy tube 11, and the bottom end 22 of the tube 11 is first punched and then sealed by means of a weld 23. A tubular fitting 24 is inserted in the outer end 21 of the tube before the end is punched and sealed by means of a weld 25. In Figs 1 and 3, the bolt is shown before being used.
In Fig. 5, the bolt is shown anchored in a Barlow 26 by being ox panted against the Barlow. Before being expanded, the bolt can be freely inserted in the Barlow 26 since it is substantially thinner than the Barlow. The tube 11 is expanded by being pressurized by ! a fluid for example water of a pressure ox for example 100-500 bar.
The water is supplied from an external source through the fitting 24.
The strengthening sleeves I 20 prevent the ends of the tube 11 prom being expanded and the welds 23, 25 from brea~ing.If the tubes 11 are thin-walled and made of mild steel, a lower water pressure than 100 bar may be sufficient, but if the tubes 11 are thick-walled and are made of harder steel, a higher pressure than 500 bar may be nieces-Spry.
When the bolt is pressurized the outer circular portion 12 of the tube 11 will be bent into contact with the Barlow and the recession 16, 17, 18 will "roll" out in its outer portions 16, 17. The purify-\ 25 fat length of the tube 11 is the same before and after the expansion ¦ which reduces the risk of cracking. Since the remaining recession 16-18 is so large as shown in Fig. 5, it widens inwardly as shown or at least it will have substantially parallel walls 27, 28. The pressure will act on the walls 27, 28 in the direction of compressing the feces-soon, and as a result, there is a force acting in the direction of widening the recession when the bolt is relieved of pressure, which increases the frictional grip between the bolt and the Barlow.
In Fig. 6 a bolt is shown that differs from the ode shown in Fig. 1 by its ends. Two end plates, 31, 32 have been friction welded to the tube 11 and the fitting 24 has been friction welded to the outer plate 31. The fitting 24 can of course instead be affixed to the end plate 31 by means of threads. It is an advantage that a threaded ~;~33~13~
fitting tube can be removed and replaced by a hook or another means in which for example conduits can be mounted when the bolt has been anchored.
In Fig. 8, the outer part ova bolt is shown that comprises a tube 11 which in contrast to the bolt shown in Fig. 1 has not the recession 16-18 along its entire length but which has a circular outer end 34 that is too wide to be inserted into the Barlow. An end plate 35 with a threaded hole 36 for 2 fitting tube has been friction welded to the outer end of the tube 11. In Fig. 9 there is shown the bottom end of the bolt shown in Fig. 8. In Figs 11-13, the steps of making the end are shown. The end of the tube 11 is flattened as shown in Fig. 11 and bent as shown in Figs 12 and 13 before the longitudinal recession 16-18 shown in Fig. 3 is made so that the bottom end of the bolt will be as shown in Fig. 9. Thus, a tube with a circular cross-section is used for making the bolt according to Figs 8 and 9 and the tube is given the profile shown in Fig. 3 as the lose step, whereas a tube having the profile shown in Fig. 3 is used for making the bolts shown in Figs 1 and 6.
In Fig. 14, the outer end of a rock bolt is shown which is modified from the rock bolt shown in Fig. 6 in that the outer strengthening sleeve 19 is threaded along its entire length so that a plate 41 can be clamped against the rock by means of a nut 42. The sleeve 19 can be secured to the tube for example by being welded to the tube 11 or to the end plate 31 of the tube.
In Fig. lo, the outer end of a bolt is shown on which a plate 43 is welded to the end of the tube 11. sigh pressure water can be supplied to the tube through a hole 44 in the plate 43.
In Fig. 16 which also shows the outer end of a bolt, there is a hole 45 in the sleeve 19 through which water can be supplied to expand the bolt. A rock engaging plate 46 has been loosely put onto the tube 11 before the sleeve 19 is mounted on the tube and fixed thereto. The plate 46 will take support on the sleeve 19 when the bolt is inserted in a Barlow and the plate 46 contacts the rock.
1~3303~7 on contrast to the design of Fig. lo the plates 43 and 46 shun in Figs 15 and 16 cannot be tightened after the bolts have been anchored.
Such tightening after the anchoring is, however, not necessary since, when the bolt is being expanded, it starts to expand at its axial mid portion and gets stuck there and as the expansion proceeds, the length of the bolt will decrease a few millimeters. This reduction of the length of the bolt will cause the plate to be forced against the rock provided that the plate is in contact with the rock before the expand soon starts.
In Fig. 17, the outer end of a rock bolt similar to the one in Fig. 16 is shown. A threaded bolt 47 is inserted in the outer end as shown and it is held in position while the bolt is being expanded. The-bolt will be clamped and affixed because of the expansion of the tube if as can be seen in Figs 18 and 20. The bolt 47 can be used as a support in which for example conduits can be suspended in a tunnel A bolt according to the invention, for example the bolt shown in Fig. 1 I can be provided with a cutting edge at the front end so that it can be 20 fused to drill its own hole. Flushing fluid can during the drilling be supplied through the depression 18 shown in Fig. 3.
In Figfi 21 and Thor is illustrated a way of joining short rock bolts to form a long rock bolt. At first, a bolt 38 according to Fig. 1 or Z5 Fig. 6 is inserted in the Barlow. It has a joining sleeve 39 attached to its outer end. Then when the bolt 38 is expanded the sleeve 39 be-comes Secured to the bolt by friction. Now, when this bolt 38 is an-cored in the Barlow, another bolt 40 is inserted in the Barlow to extend into the sleeve 39. When this bolt is expanded, it will be so-cured to the sleeve 39 by friction. Thus, the two bolts 3B, 40 and the joining sleeve 39 form a long rock bolt together.
The illustrated rock bolts are anchored by a friction grip along sub-staunchly their entire length. The bolts are preferably made of mild steel so what they will adapt to the irregularities of the Barlow, for example to the helical form of the Barlow. Most Berlioz are somewhat helical and also when they are so little helical that the he-local form is not easily noticed, the helical form improves the anchor-30~
coring.
The expansion as deacrîbed above is carried out by means of pressure fluid from a external source. Alternatively, it can be carried out in other wave, for example by means of an explosive in the bolt. The bolt can also be an open tube that has one or more longitudinal depress sons and the expansion can be carried out mechanically by means of a mandrel that is forced into the tube.
Although expansion rock bolts with a prime object of supporting the strata have b Den described above, expansion bolts according to the in-mention can by used for other purposes, for example when the prime object is to anchor a comparatively short bolt so that it can carry an external load of any kind.
Claims (9)
OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method of reinforcing rock comprising:
providing a bolt that comprises an expansible elongated tube which has a deep continuous longitudinal depression which extends inwardly of the bolt toward the axis of the bolt and which extends longitudinally of the tube over substantially the complete length of the tube;
drilling a hole in the rock of a diameter large enough to permit the unexpanded bolt to be freely inserted in the borehole;
inserting the bolt in the borehole;
deforming said tube by bending by applying pressure to the interior of said tube to expand said tube against the borehole over substantially the entire length of the bolt to expand said depres-sion outwardly substantially without stretching the material of the tube so as to cause permanent gripping action of the tube against the inner surface of the borehole; and thereafter reliev-ing said pressure.
providing a bolt that comprises an expansible elongated tube which has a deep continuous longitudinal depression which extends inwardly of the bolt toward the axis of the bolt and which extends longitudinally of the tube over substantially the complete length of the tube;
drilling a hole in the rock of a diameter large enough to permit the unexpanded bolt to be freely inserted in the borehole;
inserting the bolt in the borehole;
deforming said tube by bending by applying pressure to the interior of said tube to expand said tube against the borehole over substantially the entire length of the bolt to expand said depres-sion outwardly substantially without stretching the material of the tube so as to cause permanent gripping action of the tube against the inner surface of the borehole; and thereafter reliev-ing said pressure.
2. A method of reinforcing rock comprising;
providing a bolt that comprises an expansible elongated tube which has a deep continuous longitudinal depression which extends inwardly of the bolt toward the axis of the bolt and which extends longitudinally of the tube over substantially the complete length of the tube, the tube having a closed cross-sectional portion in the area of the deep longitudinal depression, and the tube being closed at one end thereof which is the bottom end thereof;
drilling a hole in the rock of a diameter large enough to permit the unexpanded bolt to be freely inserted in the bore-hole;
inserting the bolt in the borehole with said closed bottom end first;
coupling the other end of said tube to an external source of hydraulic high pressure fluid;
deforming said tube by bending by temporarily applying said high pressure fluid to the interior of said tube to expand said tube against the borehole over substantially the entire length of the bolt by expanding said depression outwardly substantially without stretching the material of the tube so as to cause permanent gripping action of the tube against the inner surface of the borehole; and then relieving said tube of pressure and leaving the bolt anchored in the borehole.
providing a bolt that comprises an expansible elongated tube which has a deep continuous longitudinal depression which extends inwardly of the bolt toward the axis of the bolt and which extends longitudinally of the tube over substantially the complete length of the tube, the tube having a closed cross-sectional portion in the area of the deep longitudinal depression, and the tube being closed at one end thereof which is the bottom end thereof;
drilling a hole in the rock of a diameter large enough to permit the unexpanded bolt to be freely inserted in the bore-hole;
inserting the bolt in the borehole with said closed bottom end first;
coupling the other end of said tube to an external source of hydraulic high pressure fluid;
deforming said tube by bending by temporarily applying said high pressure fluid to the interior of said tube to expand said tube against the borehole over substantially the entire length of the bolt by expanding said depression outwardly substantially without stretching the material of the tube so as to cause permanent gripping action of the tube against the inner surface of the borehole; and then relieving said tube of pressure and leaving the bolt anchored in the borehole.
3. A method of rock bolting comprising:
providing a bolt that comprises a radially expansible elongated tube which, before being used, has a deep continuous longitudinal depression extending inwardly of the tube toward the axis of the tube and which extends longitudinally of the tube over substantially the complete length of the tube, the tube being closed at one end thereof which is the bottom end thereof, the tube having a closed cross-sectional portion at least over the longitudinally depressed portion thereof;
drilling a hole in the rock of a diameter that is larger than the largest transverse dimension of the bolt before being used but smaller than the largest transverse dimension of the bolt if said longitudinal depression is fully expanded, so that the longitudinal depression cannot be fully expanded when the bolt is in the borehole;
inserting the bolt in the borehole with said closed bottom end first;
temporarily coupling the other end of said tube to an external source of hydraulic high pressure fluid to temporarily fill the interior of the tube with the high pressure fluid so that the tube is deformed by bending under the influence of said high pressure fluid to expand said depression outwardly of the tube so as to cause permanent gripping action of the tube against the inside surface of the borehole over substantially the entire length of the tube; and then relieving said tube of pressure by removing the external source of hydraulic high pressure fluid and leaving the bolt anchored in the borehole.
providing a bolt that comprises a radially expansible elongated tube which, before being used, has a deep continuous longitudinal depression extending inwardly of the tube toward the axis of the tube and which extends longitudinally of the tube over substantially the complete length of the tube, the tube being closed at one end thereof which is the bottom end thereof, the tube having a closed cross-sectional portion at least over the longitudinally depressed portion thereof;
drilling a hole in the rock of a diameter that is larger than the largest transverse dimension of the bolt before being used but smaller than the largest transverse dimension of the bolt if said longitudinal depression is fully expanded, so that the longitudinal depression cannot be fully expanded when the bolt is in the borehole;
inserting the bolt in the borehole with said closed bottom end first;
temporarily coupling the other end of said tube to an external source of hydraulic high pressure fluid to temporarily fill the interior of the tube with the high pressure fluid so that the tube is deformed by bending under the influence of said high pressure fluid to expand said depression outwardly of the tube so as to cause permanent gripping action of the tube against the inside surface of the borehole over substantially the entire length of the tube; and then relieving said tube of pressure by removing the external source of hydraulic high pressure fluid and leaving the bolt anchored in the borehole.
4. A method according to claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein said hole is drilled by means of cutting edge provided on the bottom end of the bolt and used as a drill for drilling the borehole.
5. In a method of rock bolting wherein an elongated tubular bolt is first inserted in a borehole and then expanded against the borehole, the improvement comprising:
inserting freely into the borehole a bolt which, before being expanded, in its tubular cross-section has a peripheral length in a direction transverse to the axial direction of the bolt that exceeds the circumference of the borehole, the bolt having a closed cross-section and having at least a part of its closed cross-section initially inwardly collapsed toward the axis of the tube continuously along a substantial length of the tube so that in its initially collapsed state it is slimmer than the borehole and so that it can be freely inserted into the borehole; then expanding at least the collapsed portion of said bolt by temporarily applying an expansion medium internally of the tube such that at least the non-collapsed portion of the tube is moved into contact with the borehole to frictionally clamp against the walls of the borehole; and then removing the application of said expansion medium after expansion and clamping of the expanded portion of the tube against the walls of the borehole, the expanded portion of the tube remaining frictionally clamped against the walls of the borehole even after removal of application of said expansion medium.
inserting freely into the borehole a bolt which, before being expanded, in its tubular cross-section has a peripheral length in a direction transverse to the axial direction of the bolt that exceeds the circumference of the borehole, the bolt having a closed cross-section and having at least a part of its closed cross-section initially inwardly collapsed toward the axis of the tube continuously along a substantial length of the tube so that in its initially collapsed state it is slimmer than the borehole and so that it can be freely inserted into the borehole; then expanding at least the collapsed portion of said bolt by temporarily applying an expansion medium internally of the tube such that at least the non-collapsed portion of the tube is moved into contact with the borehole to frictionally clamp against the walls of the borehole; and then removing the application of said expansion medium after expansion and clamping of the expanded portion of the tube against the walls of the borehole, the expanded portion of the tube remaining frictionally clamped against the walls of the borehole even after removal of application of said expansion medium.
6. Method according to claim 5, wherein said bolt is closed at its bottom end; and said expanding step comprises temporarily pressurizing said bolt to expand same.
7. Method according to claim 6, wherein said pressurizing step comprises connecting said bolt to an external source of pre-ssurized fluid to expand same by said pressurized fluid, said pre-ssurized fluid comprising said expansion medium.
8. A method of reinforcing rock comprising:
providing a bolt that comprises an expansible elongated tube which as a deep continuous longitudinal depression which extends inwardly of the bolt toward the axis of the bolt, the tube having a major closed cross-sectional portion in the area of the deep longitudinal depression, and the tube being closed at one end thereof which is the bottom end thereof;
drilling a hole in the rock of a diameter large enough to permit the unexpanded bolt to be freely inserted in the borehole;
inserting the bolt in the borehole with said closed bottom end first;
coupling the other end of said tube to an external source of hydraulic pressure fluid;
deforming said tube by temporarily applying said high pressure fluid to the interior of said tube to expand said tube against the borehole over substantially the entire length of the bolt by ex-panding said depression outwardly substantially without stretching the material of the tube so as to cause permanent gripping action of the tube against the inner surface of the borehole; and then relieving said tube of pressure and leaving the bolt anchored in the borehole.
providing a bolt that comprises an expansible elongated tube which as a deep continuous longitudinal depression which extends inwardly of the bolt toward the axis of the bolt, the tube having a major closed cross-sectional portion in the area of the deep longitudinal depression, and the tube being closed at one end thereof which is the bottom end thereof;
drilling a hole in the rock of a diameter large enough to permit the unexpanded bolt to be freely inserted in the borehole;
inserting the bolt in the borehole with said closed bottom end first;
coupling the other end of said tube to an external source of hydraulic pressure fluid;
deforming said tube by temporarily applying said high pressure fluid to the interior of said tube to expand said tube against the borehole over substantially the entire length of the bolt by ex-panding said depression outwardly substantially without stretching the material of the tube so as to cause permanent gripping action of the tube against the inner surface of the borehole; and then relieving said tube of pressure and leaving the bolt anchored in the borehole.
9. A method of reinforcing rock comprising:
deforming a transverse cross-section of a circular tube so that its transverse size is reduced, at least a continuous portion of said tube in its longitudinal direction having said deformed cross-section to form a deformed portion of the tube;
drilling a hole in the rock, the hole having a diameter larger than the reduced transverse size of the deformed tube so that the deformed tube can be freely inserted into the borehole;
inserting the deformed tube in the borehole; and then further deforming the deformed tube in the borehole sub-stantially without stretching the material of the tube by temp-orarily applying an expansion medium to the interior of the tube so that it expands the deformed portion of the tube in the trans-verse direction of the tube and thereby clamps at least the non-deformed exterior of the tube frictionally against the inner sur-face of the borehole; and then removing the application of said expansion medium after ex-pansion and clamping of the expanded portion of the tube against the inner surface of the borehole, the expanded portion of the tube remaining clamped against the inner surface of the borehole even after removal of application of said expansion medium.
deforming a transverse cross-section of a circular tube so that its transverse size is reduced, at least a continuous portion of said tube in its longitudinal direction having said deformed cross-section to form a deformed portion of the tube;
drilling a hole in the rock, the hole having a diameter larger than the reduced transverse size of the deformed tube so that the deformed tube can be freely inserted into the borehole;
inserting the deformed tube in the borehole; and then further deforming the deformed tube in the borehole sub-stantially without stretching the material of the tube by temp-orarily applying an expansion medium to the interior of the tube so that it expands the deformed portion of the tube in the trans-verse direction of the tube and thereby clamps at least the non-deformed exterior of the tube frictionally against the inner sur-face of the borehole; and then removing the application of said expansion medium after ex-pansion and clamping of the expanded portion of the tube against the inner surface of the borehole, the expanded portion of the tube remaining clamped against the inner surface of the borehole even after removal of application of said expansion medium.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000524271A CA1233037A (en) | 1979-03-09 | 1986-12-01 | Method of rock bolting and tube-formed expansion bolt |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE7902129A SE427764B (en) | 1979-03-09 | 1979-03-09 | MOUNTAIN CULTURAL PROCEDURES REALLY RUCH MOUNTED MOUNTAIN |
| SE7902129-1 | 1979-03-09 | ||
| CA000347209A CA1245486A (en) | 1979-03-09 | 1980-03-07 | Tubular expansion bolt |
| CA000524271A CA1233037A (en) | 1979-03-09 | 1986-12-01 | Method of rock bolting and tube-formed expansion bolt |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000347209A Division CA1245486A (en) | 1979-03-09 | 1980-03-07 | Tubular expansion bolt |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1233037A true CA1233037A (en) | 1988-02-23 |
Family
ID=25669052
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000524271A Expired CA1233037A (en) | 1979-03-09 | 1986-12-01 | Method of rock bolting and tube-formed expansion bolt |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1233037A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7794179B2 (en) | 2004-01-14 | 2010-09-14 | Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd. | Rockbolt of high strength steel pipe and method of manufacturing the same |
-
1986
- 1986-12-01 CA CA000524271A patent/CA1233037A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7794179B2 (en) | 2004-01-14 | 2010-09-14 | Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd. | Rockbolt of high strength steel pipe and method of manufacturing the same |
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