CA1227056A - Masonry wall anchor system - Google Patents

Abstract

MASONRY WALL ANCHOR SYSTEM

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A building wall construction incorporates an improved anchoring system for securing a facing masonry wall to an inner wall framework. The anchoring system includes plates each having a recess therein, the plates adapted to interlock with flanges of studs forming part of a supporting framework. Tie elements extend between the plates and the masonry wall to secure same to the framework.

Description

~'7~6 .

MASONRY WALL ANCHOR SYSTEM

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE

A building wall construction incorporates an improved anchoring system for securing a facing masonry wall to an inner wall framework. The anchoring system includes plates each having a recess therein, the plates adapted to interlock with flanges of studs forming part of a supporting framework. Tie elements extend between the plates and the masonry wall to secure same to the framework.

1~ BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

-This invention relates to a building wall construction incorporating an anchoring system for securing an outer masonry wall to an inner wall frameworX.
The prior art has provided numerou~ systems for 15 securing masonry walls to a support structure. Many of these systems have the disadvantage that they are unduly complex, time consuming to erect or assemble and provide inadequate ~upport to the masonry wall~ In the case where metal frame-works are involved, the known anchoring syste~s often re~uire 20 that a part o~ the anchorage be welded, bolted, or secured with suitable screw fasteners to the metal frame. This in-volves extra ~ime and expense, ~oth significant factors in today's highly competitive construction industry. In ~he case where threaded fasteners are used the nature of the anchorage 25 is such that it is highly susceptible to corr~sion and failure. The thin metal root or core portion of the screw provides the anchorage to the stud. Two factors undermine ~ .

'7()5~i - la -this anchorage. Firstly, the thin root portion of the screw is quickly weakened by corrosion if and when corrosion sets in.
Secondly, when the screw penetrates the stud it also penetrates (and may chip off) the protective coating thus causing the stud portions directly adjacent to the screw to be very su~ceptible to corroslon. As a result of these factors, premature failure of the anchorage is all too common.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
.
The main object of the present invention is to 10 alleviate the problems associated with the prior art and to provide a building wall construction having a system for anchoring an outer masonry wall, which system is extremely simple, inexpensive, and easy to install, thus reducing construction costs, and which system at the same time is 15 durable, i.e. capable of withstanding the ef~ects of moisture without significant danger of failure due to corrosion.
Another object is to provide an anchor which efficiently performs the function it is designed to carry out, i.e. to provide an anchor which effectively transfers the load to the

2~ stud framework.
In one aspect of ~he invention there is provided a building wall construction COmprJ.Sing a wall framework in-cluding a series of spaced apart :Erame members; ~ach frame member having thereon a plurality of anchor membe~s, each anchor m~mber being laterally restrained relative to its associated frame member but being movable or adjustable longitudinally of such frame member, the anchor members pro-~705~

jecting laterally outwardly from said frame members, afacing masonry wall spaced from said wall Eramework; and a series of tie elements each connected between an associated one of said anchor members and said masonry wall to secure the masonry wall to the wall framework.
In a preferred fo~n of the invention each of the above-noted frame members comprises a stud.
A typical wall construction further includes a plurality of courses of panel members overlying the studs such 10 as to be located in the space between the framework and the masonr~ wall. The anchor members are arranged to project outwardly through seams defined between adjacent courses of the panel members.
The above-noted studs are typically of metal and 15 includ~ a longitudinal flange thereon. Each such anchor member typically comprises a plate having a slot the~ein receiving an~ engaging the flange of the stud in mating relationship.
In a preferred form of the invention, each flange has a longitudinal bead or enlargement thereon and the slot in 20 the anchor plate has a corresponding enlarged portion receiving the bead in such a way as to prevent removal of the anchor plate from the stud in the lateral direction but permittin~
longitudinal relative movement therebetween d~rin~ the assembly procedure.
In a preferred arrangement, portions of the anchor plates which project outwardly o~ the panel members each have an aperture therein to enga~e ~he associated tie rnember. Each tie member typically comprises a rod having a pair of bends therein defining three sections at approximatel~ right angles 30 to each other~ The rirst such ~ection may engage in the aperture provided in ~he anchor plate while the second section spans the distance between the plate and ~he masonry wall ~hile the third section is embedded in the masonry wall. The maso~ry wall is typically a brick wall and the third ~ie member section C'~S~

is engaged in mortar located between adjacent layers of the brick.
The above-noted panel members located between the studs and the masonry wall typically comprise sheets of 5 plastics foam insulation or other suitable sheathing.
In accoxdance with a further major aspect of the invention there is provided a method of erecting a building wall comprising providing a series of frame members; placing a plurality of anchor members on each frame member, which 10 anchor members are slidably adjustable longitudinally of their associated frame members, erecting the ~rame members and fixing them in selected ~paced apart relation to one another to provide a framework wall; positioning the anchor members at ~elected locations along the frame members; erecting a masonry 15wall in parallel relation to said framework wall; and during erection of the masonry wall, securing the latter to the frame ~ork wall by attaching tie members between the respective anchor members and mortar used in the construction of the masonry wall.
The above-noted frame mer~ers typically comprise studs which are erected in spaced apart vertical positions to fo~m the framewoxk wall. The anchor mPmbers are placed onto the ends of and slid along their associated studs ~o enable them to be po~itioned at any desired location.
The method aspect of the invention may further include the step of afixing several courses of panels (such as insulating panels) to the studs with the anchor members being positioned such that they project outwardly from the studs through horizontal seams defined between adjacent courses of 30the panels.
Further according to the method of ~he invention, the studs maY each have a longitudinal flange with a bead thereon with each anchor member being a pla~e with a slot therein shaped to receive the bead in the flange to allow sliding adjustment of the anchor plate along the stud flange while at the same time release of the anchor plate from the stud flange in a direction transverse to the longitudinal dimension of the stud is pre~ented.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a layer of building paper is applied over the panels with the paper being slit at the locations of the plates to allow the pl.ates to project therethrough with a suitable sealant being applied to prevent air and water leakage between the paper and the 1~ anchor plates.
As noted previously each anchor plate has a hole in the end thereof which is remote from the stud for attachment of the connecting tie member to it. The tie members are installed as the masonry wall is built up with an end portion of each tie member being secured to the anchor plate and the opposite end portion of the tie member being secured in the mortar forming a part of the masonry wall.
As a further aspect of t~e inventiont there i~
provided an anchor for securing a ~acing masonry wall to a stud wall fr~mework comprising an anchor member having a recess leading inwardly thereof for engaging a flange of a stud, said recess having a con~igu~ation such that said anchor memb~r is interlocked on the stud flanc3e to prevent removal o~ the anchor member in a direction transverse to the length of the stud while permitting ~he anchor member to be slid lengthwise of the s~ud and means in or on ~aid anchor member to secure a wall tie member thereto.
Furthex aspects of the invention and the advantages asso~iated therewith will become more apparent from the followiny d~scription of a preferred embodiment of the invention and from the claim~ appended hereto~
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE VIEWS OP D~AWINGS
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a portion of a wall construction lncorporating the principles of the present inven~ion;

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Fig. 2 is a vertical section view of the wall; and Fig. 3 is a further section view of the wall looking dc~wnwardly from above.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to the drawings there is shown a wall framework 10 comprising a plurality of spaced apart vertical studs 12 secured by angle brackets 13 between upper and lower horizontal frame members 14 and 16, the latter, in turn, being secured to concrete floor slabs 18 and 20~ Slip joint 10 conneetions (not shown) between studs 12 and brackets 13 are recommended to take up thermal expansion and avoid any buckling of the studs under compressive loadings, the latter7 in some cases, being caused bv the phenomenon called concrete creep The studs are of conventional U-channel sha~e, each including a pair of spaced, parallel flanges 22 (Fig.3), the terminal longitudinal ed~es of which are inturned to define longitudinal beads or enlargements 24 thereon. The studs 12 are typically made from metal, such as galvanized steel.
A Dlurality of courses of insulating panels ~6 are secured in any suitable fashion to the outer flanges 22 of studs 12 such that horizontal seams 28 are defined between these panels. The panels 26 are typically made from polystyrene foam to provide the desired thermal insulating effect.
Additionally or alternatively panels 26 may comprise gypsum board or even plywood to provide additional rigidity to the system.
The studs 12 each carxy a plurality of metal anchor plates 30. ~ach ~nchor plate 30 i~ a unitary mem~er of generally rectangulax outline having a slot 32 adjacent one of it~ ends leading inwardlv from a marginal edge portion of ~he plate. Slot 3~ serves to receive the stud flange 22.
Slot 32 has an inwardly disposed enlarged poxtlon 34, within which is en~aged the above-noted longitudiDal bead 24 of ~he stud flange. The anchor plates 30 can slide along their 3r associated stud flanges but cannot be removed therefrom in a direction lateral of the stud owing to the presence of the longitudinal bead 24 and the manner in which it cooperates with slot 32 and the enlarged portion 34. The opposi.-te end of each anchor plate 30 has an aperture 36 in it which receives a respective tie rod 38.
As clearly shown in the drawings, the anchor plates 30 project outwardly from the studs 12 through the seams 28 de-fined between adjacent courses of the inslllating panels 26.
Panels 26 thus serve to position the anchor plates and to de:Eine 10 the vertical spacing between them. Because of the fact that the anchor plates 30 are relatively thin, the seams 28 between the insulating panels are relatively small (or non-existent ~s the panels may be compressed around the plates) and do not give rise to any significant reduction in thermal insulating 15 efficiency.
A layer of heavy building paper 40 extends over the outer face of the insulating panels 26 to prevent any significant movement of air and water through the wall structure.
The paper 40 has slits in it at selected intervals, which slits are made as construction proceeds, to allow the anchor ~lates 30 to project outwardly therethrough. A suitable caulking compound 42 is applied to seal the paper to the outwardly pro-jecting ends of the anchor plates 30 to prevent air and water leakage therebetween.
The tie rods 38 each include a pair of right angle bends therein thereby to define three tie rod sections. The first vertical section 38a is engaged in the aperture 36 in the anchor plate. The horizontal intermediate section 38b spans ~he distance between the anchor plate 30 and the masonry (bric~) wall 44 which is located in spaced parallel relation to the wall framework 10. The third tie rod section 38c extends parallel to the wall structure between adjacent courses of brick work and is securely retained by the mortar 46 between the bricXs.
~uring construction of the wall, as the ~tuds 12 are being put into place, the re~uired number of anchor plates 30 are slipped onto the end of each stud and are simply allowed t3sq6 to fall to the bottom of the stud and to remain there until the rest o~ the wall is to be erected. When it comes time to apply the insulation panels 26, the anchor plates 30 are lifted upwardly and then are positioned so AS to project outwardly ~hrough the seams formed between the adjacent sections or courses of the rigid insulating panels. After the insulating panels 26 have been fixed in position (as by way of suitable screw fasteners which engage the metal studs 12), the above-noted layer of heavy building paper 40 is applied over the panel surfaces, with the slits being cut in it so that the anchor plates 30 can project outwardly through the paper, following which the caulking and sealing compound 42 is applied to provide a suitable seal between the building paper and the anchor plates.
The mason builds up the tiers of brick forming the masonry wall 44 in the usual fashion, there being a space between the inner face of the bricks and the outer face of the buildin~ paper, which space receives the outwardly projecting portions of the anchor plates 30. As the height of the brick wall approaches that of the first series of anchor plates 30, the mason inserts the angled tie rods 38 such that the sections 38a thereo~ are engaged in the apertures 36 in the anchor plates with the outer end ~ections of each tie rod 38c being ~ositioned on ~op of the up~ermost course of bricks with mortax thereafter being applied thereto in the usual fashion such that the tie rod is securely affixed in position.
This procedure is continued as the brick facing i5 built up with the result being that ~he brick facing is securely attached to the studs. The vertical leg 38a of the tie rod 38 is sufficiently long that the mason has a degree of latitude available to him when building up the different layers of brick. If desired~ in certain in~ances, the tie rods 38 may be inverted from the position shown in the drawings so that the free end of the ~irs-t sectîon 38a projects upwardly.

7~i6 The numerous advantages associated wlth the present invention will be readil~ apparent to those skilled in the art from the above description. As noted previously, many systems reauired that the anchoring means be attached by screws to the metal stud. This involved extra time as holes had to be drilled and tapped and the ~crews moreover were subject to ~orrosion.
With the present system of slotted anchor plates, such anchor plates may be very readily moved upwardly or downwardly along their associated studs and located in their correct positions.
10 Owing to the ease of assembly and erection, wall construction times can be shortened considerably thus reducing overall construction costs. The sturdy (e.g. 14 gauge galvani2ed steel) anchor plates are not susceptible to failure by corrosion thus making it very easy to satisfy building code reauire-15 ments. Since the individual anchor plates comprise simplemetal stampings, they can be produced in large quantities at an extremely low cost. Another advantage of the structure described is that the anchor plates only penetrate a short distance into the insulating portion of the wall 2~ structure and hence they conduct less heat away from the ~tructure than conventional anchor plates which tend to provide a much larger path for heat flow as compared with th~ structure of the present invention. It is also very easy to effect a proper seal around the anchor plates thereby ~o avoid excess 2~ movement of water and air in the building. A further major advantage i5 that the anchor system provides rigid lateral support to the masonry wall and thus effectively serves to transmit lateral loadings, e.g. wind loadings, to the studs, with the studs, in turn, transmitting the lateral loadings to the structure. In many prior art anchorages such lateral loadings tended to cause deflection of the masonr~ wall before transfer of the loading took place. This resulted in cracking of the mortar and admission of water into the structure, with 7~5~

resulting joint damage, damage -to in-terior structure, spalling of brick under freeæing conditions, corrosion of anchors and other building elements and other water damage to the interior. Use of the invention described herein grea-tly reduces these problems.
While a preferred embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, it will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that many changes, modifications and improvements can be made therein without 10 departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as hereafter claimed.

Claims (21)

CLAIMS:

1. A building wall construction comprising:
a wall framework including a series of spaced apart elongated frame members; each frame member having thereon a plurality of anchor members, each anchor member being laterally restrained relative to its associated frame member hut being movable or adjustable longitudinally of such frame member, the anchor members projecting laterally outwardly from said frame members, a facing masonry wall spaced from said wall framework;
and a series of tie elements each connected between an associated one of said anchor members and said masonry wall to secure the masonry wall to the wall framework.

2. The wall construction of claim 1 wherein each frame member comprises a stud.

3. The wall construction of claim 2 further including a plurality of courses of panel members overlying said studs so as to be located in the space between said framework and the masonry wall with said anchor members projecting outwardly through seams defined between adjacent courses of the panel members.

4. The wall construction of claim 2 or 3 wherein said studs are of metal and each includes a longitudinal flange thereon, and each said anchor member having a recess therein shaped to mate and interlock with the stud flange to prevent removal of the anchor member therefrom in the lateral direction while permitting sliding movement of the anchor member longitudinally of the flange.

5. The wall construction of claim 3 wherein said studs are of metal and include a longitudinal flange thereon, and each said anchor member comprising a plate having a slot therein receiving and engaging said flange of the stud.

6. The wall construction of claim 5 wherein each said flange has a longitudinal bead or enlargement thereon, and the slot in the anchor plate has a corresponding enlargement receiving said bead for preventing removal of the anchor plate from the stud in the lateral direction, but permitting longitudinal relative movement therebetween during the assembly thereof.

7. The wall construction of claim 6 wherein portions of said anchor plates which project outwardly of said panel members each have an aperture therein to engage the associated tie member.

8. The wall construction of claim 7 wherein each tie member comprises a rod member having pair of bends therein defining three sections at approximate right angles to each other, the first said section engaging in the aperture in the anchor plate, the second section spanning the distance between the plate and the masonry wall, and the third section being embedded in the masonry wall.

9. The wall construction of claim 8 wherein the masonry wall is a brick wall and said tie member third section is engaged in the mortar located between adjacent layers of the brick.

10. The wall construction of claim 9 wherein said panel members between said studs and masonry wall comprise sheets of insulating or sheathing material.

11. A method of erecting a building wall comprising:
(a) providing a series of elongated frame members;
(b) placing a plurality of anchor members on each frame member, which anchor members are slidably adjustable longitudinally of their associated frame members;
(c) erecting the frame members and fixing them in selected spaced apart relation to one another to provide a framework wall;
(d) positioning the anchor members at selected locations along the frame members;
(e) erecting a masonry wall in parallel relation to said framework wall; and (f) during erection of the masonry wall, securing the latter to the framework wall by attaching tie members between the respective anchor members and mortar used in the construction of the masonry wall.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein said frame members comprise studs which are erected in spaced apart vertical positions to form the framework wall,and said anchor members being placed onto the ends of and slid along their associated studs to position them at their selected locations.

13. The method of claim 12 further including affixing several courses of panels to said studs with said anchor members being positioned such that they project outwardly from said studs through horizontal seams defined between adjacent courses of said panels.

14. The method of claim 12 or 13 wherein said studs each have a longitudinal flange, each anchor member having a recess therein shaped to receive, mate and interlock with the flange to allow the sliding adjustment of the anchor member along the stud flange while preventing release of the anchor member therefrom in a direction transverse to the longitudinal dimension of the stud.

15. The method of claim 13 wherein said studs each have a longitudinal flange with a bead thereon, each anchor member being a plate with a slot therein shaped to receive said bead in the flange to allow the sliding adjustment of the anchor plate along the stud flange while preventing release of the anchor plate therefrom in a direction transverse to the longitudinal dimension of the stud.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein said panels are of an insulating material,and wherein a layer of building paper is applied over said panels, and slitting the paper at the locations of said plates to allow the plates to project therethrough, and applying a sealing material to prevent air and water leakage between the paper and the anchor plates.

17. The method of claim 15 or 16 wherein each anchor plate has a hole in the end thereof which is remote from the stud for attachment of the connecting tie member thereto, said tie members being installed as the masonry wall is built up, with an end portion of each tie member being secured to the anchor plate, and the opposite end portion of the tie member being secured in mortar forming a part of the masonry wall.

18. An anchor for securing a facing masonry wall to a stud wall framework comprising an anchor member having a recess leading inwardly thereof for engaging a flange on a stud, said recess having a configuration such that said anchor member can be interlocked on the stud flange to prevent removal of the anchor member in a direction transverse to the length of the stud while permitting the anchor member to be slid lengthwise of the stud, and means in or on said anchor member to secure a wall tie member thereto.

19. The anchor of claim 18 wherein the anchor member comprises a metal plate.

20. The anchor of claim 19 wherein the means in or on the anchor member to secure the wall tie member thereto comprises an aperture spaced from said recess.

21. The anchor of claim 18, 19 or 20 wherein said recess comprises a slot adjacent one end of such anchor member and leading inwardly from a marginal edge portion thereof, said slot having an enlarged portion located inwardly from the marginal edge portion for receiving therein in said interlocked relation a bead or enlargement on the stud flange.

--22. A building wall construction comprising a framework for supporting a facing wall and including a series of spaced apart studs each having a longitudinal flange; a plurality of anchor members projecting laterally outward from each stud, each anchor member having means including a slot receiving a flange of an associated stud for restraining the anchor member with respect to movement laterally outward of the stud but for permitting longitudinal adjustment along the stud;
a masonry facing wall spaced outward from the frame-work; and a plurality of tie elements, each connected between an associated one of said anchor members and said masonry facing wall to secure the masonry facing wall to the framework.----23. The wall construction of Claim 22, wherein each anchor member is a plate having an aperture therein to engage the associated tie member, and wherein each tie member comprises a rod member having a pair of bends therein defining three sections at approximate right angles to each other, a first of said sections engaging in the aperture in the anchor plate, a second of said sections spanning the distance between the plate and the masonry facing wall, and a third of said sections being embedded in the masonry facing wall.----24. The wall construction of Claim 22, wherein each flange has an enlargement thereon and the slot in each anchor member has a corresponding enlargement interlocked with the first-mentioned enlargement to hold the anchor member on the flange.----25. The wall construction of Claim 22, further including a plurality of courses of panel members attached to said studs and disposed in the space between said framework and said masonry facing wall, vertically adjacent panel members having horizontal seams therebetween through which said anchor members project outward.----26. A method of erecting a building wall comprising providing a framework for supporting a facing wall, said framework including a series of studs each having a longitudinal flange, providing a plural-ity of anchor members each having a slot, engaging the flange of each stud in the slots of a plurality of said anchor members with the anchor members projecting laterally outward from the framework/ positioning the anchor members on each stud at selected locations along the stud, erecting a masonry facing wall laterally outward of the framework and with a space therebetween, and, during the erection of the masonry facing wall, securing the anchor members to the masonry facing wall by attaching tie members therebetween.----27. The method of Claim 26, further comprising affixing several courses of panels to said studs such that on completion of said wall, said panels are located in the space between said framework and said masonry facing wall, and wherein said anchor members are plates that are positioned so as to project outward through horizontal seams defined between vertically adjacent panels.----28. The method of Claim 27, further comprising providing a layer of building paper over said panels and slitting the paper at the locations of said plates to allow the plates to project therethrough, and applying a sealing material to the slitted paper to prevent air and water leakage between the paper and the anchor plates.----29. The method of Claim 26, wherein the anchor members on each stud are placed at an initial location on the stud and are slid along the stud to position them at the selected locations as the masonry facing wall is erected.--