CA1219140A - Liquid herbicidal composition having extended penetrating and systemic activity - Google Patents
Liquid herbicidal composition having extended penetrating and systemic activityInfo
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- CA1219140A CA1219140A CA000456815A CA456815A CA1219140A CA 1219140 A CA1219140 A CA 1219140A CA 000456815 A CA000456815 A CA 000456815A CA 456815 A CA456815 A CA 456815A CA 1219140 A CA1219140 A CA 1219140A
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- herbicidal composition
- liquid herbicidal
- salts
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Abstract
LIQUID HERBICIDAL COMPOSITION HAVING
EXTENDED PENETRATING AND SYSTEMIC ACTIVITY
Abstract of the Disclosure A liquid herbicidal composition is dis-closed which retains its penetrating and systemic activity after application to susceptible flora under normal ambient conditions for a period of at least six hours by combining at least two different salts of at least one herbicidally active compound and a polyhydric alcohol. The salts are preferably amine, ammonium or alkali metal salts of herbicidally active acidic compounds which are halogenated carboxylic acids, aromatic carboxylic acids and the halogenated aromatic carboxylic acids and particularly deriva-tives of phenoxy acids or benzoic acids, organic arsenic acids as well as halogenated aliphatic car-boxylic acids. The polyhydric alcohol is preferably a polyhydric diol having 2 to 6 carbon atoms or glycerol. Chelating and dispersing agents may also be included in the formulation. The herbicidal composition upon application to noxious vegetation has the unexpected property of retaining its phyto-toxic activity throughout the maximum residence time necessary for effective weed and brush control by virtue of the fact that the composition not only resists crystallization but also displays no tendency throughout such maximum exposure time to either burn or otherwise damage the external cellular layers of the plant being treated which would impede active agent penetration into the plant, or reversion to acid form that could produce outer cellular layer burn or scaling with the same detrimental effect on penetration of the herbicide and systemic activity.
EXTENDED PENETRATING AND SYSTEMIC ACTIVITY
Abstract of the Disclosure A liquid herbicidal composition is dis-closed which retains its penetrating and systemic activity after application to susceptible flora under normal ambient conditions for a period of at least six hours by combining at least two different salts of at least one herbicidally active compound and a polyhydric alcohol. The salts are preferably amine, ammonium or alkali metal salts of herbicidally active acidic compounds which are halogenated carboxylic acids, aromatic carboxylic acids and the halogenated aromatic carboxylic acids and particularly deriva-tives of phenoxy acids or benzoic acids, organic arsenic acids as well as halogenated aliphatic car-boxylic acids. The polyhydric alcohol is preferably a polyhydric diol having 2 to 6 carbon atoms or glycerol. Chelating and dispersing agents may also be included in the formulation. The herbicidal composition upon application to noxious vegetation has the unexpected property of retaining its phyto-toxic activity throughout the maximum residence time necessary for effective weed and brush control by virtue of the fact that the composition not only resists crystallization but also displays no tendency throughout such maximum exposure time to either burn or otherwise damage the external cellular layers of the plant being treated which would impede active agent penetration into the plant, or reversion to acid form that could produce outer cellular layer burn or scaling with the same detrimental effect on penetration of the herbicide and systemic activity.
Description
~9~ o EXTENDED PENETRATING AND SYSTEMIC ACTIVITY
Background of the Invention l. Field of the Invention . ~
This invention relates to herbicidal compo-sitions in liquid form having extended penetrating and systemic activity upon application to susceptible flora. The phytotoxic agent is resistant to initial plant outer cell layer burn that would interfere with its activity but also has been found to be free of such cell damage properties during the extended period of exposure of the plant to the active agent which is a major feature of its total efficacy since the product also resists crystallization for an extended period under normal ambient conditions after applicationO These desirable characteristics are realized in part because the pH of the material is at least 6 or above at the time of application and remains at such level long periods of time involving many days thus preventing reversion of the toxicant to an acid form which could adversely affect the surface cellular structure of the plants and thus impede the permeation of the material into the plants as well as translocation thereof to the root system.
Background of the Invention l. Field of the Invention . ~
This invention relates to herbicidal compo-sitions in liquid form having extended penetrating and systemic activity upon application to susceptible flora. The phytotoxic agent is resistant to initial plant outer cell layer burn that would interfere with its activity but also has been found to be free of such cell damage properties during the extended period of exposure of the plant to the active agent which is a major feature of its total efficacy since the product also resists crystallization for an extended period under normal ambient conditions after applicationO These desirable characteristics are realized in part because the pH of the material is at least 6 or above at the time of application and remains at such level long periods of time involving many days thus preventing reversion of the toxicant to an acid form which could adversely affect the surface cellular structure of the plants and thus impede the permeation of the material into the plants as well as translocation thereof to the root system.
2. Description of the Prior Art Acidic herbicides such as 2,~-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid have long been used to control unwanted vegetation. 2,4-D as it is generally known is an insoluble crystalline material having a pH of approximately 2. For convenient application, it is normally converted to liquid form by conversion to water soluble salts or emulsified esters. The ester formulations have been found to be more effective ~L
1~9~
l than the salts in the control of noxious vegetation but have the unwanted characteristic of migrating to adjacent desirable vegetation because of the volatil-ity thereof with unacceptable resultant damage.
Efforts to solve the volatility problem including preparation of water soluble salts such as the dimethylamine salt of 2,4-D have not been totally satisfactory because upon volatilization of the amine the herbicide reverts back to its initial acidic form. The acidic composition on the plant surface damages the plant cells thus forming a ~echanical barrier o~ dead tissue which prevents effective penetra~ion of the herbicide into the plant and translocation to all of the above ground and below ground segments.
Canadian Patent No. 879,602 of Ciba-Geigy Canada Ltdo dated August 31, 1971 describes relative-ly non-volatile herbicidal compositions produced by reacting amines, ammonium, sodium, potassium and lithium compounds with acidic compounds containing for example acid moieties preferably comprising halogenated carboxylic acids, aromatic carboxylic acidsJ and the halogenated aromatic carboxylic acids, with particularly preferred groups being derivatives of phenoxy acids, and derivatives of benzoic acids.
Other groups of compounds are defined as including organo arsenic acids, as well as halogenated ali-phatic carboxylic acids. In its preferred embodi-ments, the compositions of the Canadian Patent in-volve ~he mixture of two or more different salts containing the different salts in varying propor-tions. One or more surfactants are described as being added to the composition causing the liquid to be relatively non-volatile at normal ambient tempera-ture conditions.
9~L~0 l Although the formulations of the referenced Canadian '602 Patent did exhibit the desired low volatility, the pH of the herbicidal compositions was sufficiently on the acid side to cause the material to in effect burn the surface layers of the plants on which the herbicide was applied thereby creating a barrier to phytotoxic activity of the herbicide and limiting its effectiveness over desired extended periods of time. As a consequence, the compositions disclosed in the '602 Canadian Patent, although in commercial use, do not lend themselves to use in many aerial applications where extended activity under varying ambient conditions is an essential property of the composition and suffer from the defect of causing plant burn in many instances which signifi-cantly reduces its activity in a relatively short period of time after application.
A herbicidal composition especially de-signed for agricultural spraying is described in Guth Patent No. 3,764,293 of October 9, 1973 wherein the patentee suggests that acidic herbicidal agents reacted with metal hydroxides to produce salts are combined with polyhydric diols to assist in dispers-ion of the herbicidal material in the base water.
Here again, the formulation although clearly capable of exhibitin~ initial herbicidal activity had the tendency to burn the surface cellular structure of susceptible plants which limited activity of the material over extended periods of time and required more frequent application of the phytotoxic agent than is desirable.
Summary of the Invention The present invention solves the problems inherent in herbicidal compositions of the prior art 12~9~;~0 1 by providing an improved formulation prepared fro~
acidic herbicides which can be applied to unwanted vegetation in a physical and chemical form such that the solubilizing agents do not undergo chemical change or volatilize to an extent that the salt can revert bac~ to lts acidic form in a relatively short period of time. Instead, a relatively non-acidic herbicidal composition has now been discovered which can be deposited on susceptible flora in a relatively viscous form which is resistant to reversion back to acidic form. The resulting viscous droplets may reside upon the plant surface without damage to the tissue and is able to penetrate for an extended period of time and translocate to all parts of the plant.
The preferred formulation consists of the dimethylamine and diethanolamine salts of 2,4-D
having a pH above 6~0 along with a sufficient quant-ity of ethylene glycol to cause the liquid herbicidal composition to remain non-crystalline at a pH no less than about 6.0 under normal ambient conditions fol-lowing application to susceptible flora for a period of at least about six hours. Citric acid as a che-lating agent as well as a ligno-sulfonate type dis-persing a~ent may also be included in the formulationalong witll an adequate quantity of water to provide a composition of desired viscosity for a particular application.
Preferred formulations having the general characteristics described applied to unwanted vegeta-tion in tolerant crops or in fallow land have been found to exhibit increased herbicidal efficacy over extended periods of time. Deep rooted perennial weeds such as bindweed and leafy spurge normally fully recover and regrow from applications of 2,4-D.
~,Z~ 0 1 However, compositions of the present invention have demonstratably better regrowth inhibition and eventu-ally completely destroy the plants. Data taken from field trials in which ~ild Mustard, Lamb's Quarter~s, Stinkweed, Smartweed, Canada Thistle, Wild Buckwheat, Cowcockle, Volunteer Rape, Tansy Mustard, Hempnettle, Prostrate Pigweed, and Redroot pigweed were present resulted in improved control.
A further advantage exhibited by composi-tion's of this invention is an increase in the amountof deposition of a herbicide in a target area using ultra low volumes from aircraft applications compared to conventional ~ethods of applying si~ilar compounds in usual amounts of water. The normal aircraft application of pesticides occurs under warm dry conditions and the resulting environmental influence produces very small droplets which move from the target area on air currents. The preferred embodi-ment of the invention results in drops with higher surface tension and a viscosity which combine to result in droplets which resist breakup between discharge from the spray nozzle and the target area.
The larger droplets which are airborne for a lesser period of time have a greater propensity to fall within the area of the target than with previous formulations.
Description of the Preferred Embodiment The preferred liquid herbicidal composition is made by preparing a liquid mixture of at least two different salts of at least one herbicidally active compound, said salts having a stable pH of no less than about 6.0 being selected from the group consist-ing of methylamine, ethylamine, isopropylamine, mono-methanolamine, monoethanolamine, monoisopropanol-~2'.~g~
1 amine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, diisopropylamine,dimethanolamine, diethanolamine, diisopropanolamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, triisopropylamine, trimethanolamine, triethanolamine, triisopropanol-amine, ammonium, sodium, potassium, and lithium saltsof herbicidally active acidic compounds selected from the group consisting of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxypropionic acid, 2,4-dichlor-ophenoxybutyric acid, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxypropionic acid, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxybutyric acid, 2,4,5-trichloro-phenoxyacetic acid, 2,3,6-trichlorobenzoic acid, 2 methoxy-3, 6-~ichlorob~nzoic acid, 2-methoxy-3, 5, 6-trichlorobenzoic acid, 4-chloro-2-oxobenzothiazolin-
1~9~
l than the salts in the control of noxious vegetation but have the unwanted characteristic of migrating to adjacent desirable vegetation because of the volatil-ity thereof with unacceptable resultant damage.
Efforts to solve the volatility problem including preparation of water soluble salts such as the dimethylamine salt of 2,4-D have not been totally satisfactory because upon volatilization of the amine the herbicide reverts back to its initial acidic form. The acidic composition on the plant surface damages the plant cells thus forming a ~echanical barrier o~ dead tissue which prevents effective penetra~ion of the herbicide into the plant and translocation to all of the above ground and below ground segments.
Canadian Patent No. 879,602 of Ciba-Geigy Canada Ltdo dated August 31, 1971 describes relative-ly non-volatile herbicidal compositions produced by reacting amines, ammonium, sodium, potassium and lithium compounds with acidic compounds containing for example acid moieties preferably comprising halogenated carboxylic acids, aromatic carboxylic acidsJ and the halogenated aromatic carboxylic acids, with particularly preferred groups being derivatives of phenoxy acids, and derivatives of benzoic acids.
Other groups of compounds are defined as including organo arsenic acids, as well as halogenated ali-phatic carboxylic acids. In its preferred embodi-ments, the compositions of the Canadian Patent in-volve ~he mixture of two or more different salts containing the different salts in varying propor-tions. One or more surfactants are described as being added to the composition causing the liquid to be relatively non-volatile at normal ambient tempera-ture conditions.
9~L~0 l Although the formulations of the referenced Canadian '602 Patent did exhibit the desired low volatility, the pH of the herbicidal compositions was sufficiently on the acid side to cause the material to in effect burn the surface layers of the plants on which the herbicide was applied thereby creating a barrier to phytotoxic activity of the herbicide and limiting its effectiveness over desired extended periods of time. As a consequence, the compositions disclosed in the '602 Canadian Patent, although in commercial use, do not lend themselves to use in many aerial applications where extended activity under varying ambient conditions is an essential property of the composition and suffer from the defect of causing plant burn in many instances which signifi-cantly reduces its activity in a relatively short period of time after application.
A herbicidal composition especially de-signed for agricultural spraying is described in Guth Patent No. 3,764,293 of October 9, 1973 wherein the patentee suggests that acidic herbicidal agents reacted with metal hydroxides to produce salts are combined with polyhydric diols to assist in dispers-ion of the herbicidal material in the base water.
Here again, the formulation although clearly capable of exhibitin~ initial herbicidal activity had the tendency to burn the surface cellular structure of susceptible plants which limited activity of the material over extended periods of time and required more frequent application of the phytotoxic agent than is desirable.
Summary of the Invention The present invention solves the problems inherent in herbicidal compositions of the prior art 12~9~;~0 1 by providing an improved formulation prepared fro~
acidic herbicides which can be applied to unwanted vegetation in a physical and chemical form such that the solubilizing agents do not undergo chemical change or volatilize to an extent that the salt can revert bac~ to lts acidic form in a relatively short period of time. Instead, a relatively non-acidic herbicidal composition has now been discovered which can be deposited on susceptible flora in a relatively viscous form which is resistant to reversion back to acidic form. The resulting viscous droplets may reside upon the plant surface without damage to the tissue and is able to penetrate for an extended period of time and translocate to all parts of the plant.
The preferred formulation consists of the dimethylamine and diethanolamine salts of 2,4-D
having a pH above 6~0 along with a sufficient quant-ity of ethylene glycol to cause the liquid herbicidal composition to remain non-crystalline at a pH no less than about 6.0 under normal ambient conditions fol-lowing application to susceptible flora for a period of at least about six hours. Citric acid as a che-lating agent as well as a ligno-sulfonate type dis-persing a~ent may also be included in the formulationalong witll an adequate quantity of water to provide a composition of desired viscosity for a particular application.
Preferred formulations having the general characteristics described applied to unwanted vegeta-tion in tolerant crops or in fallow land have been found to exhibit increased herbicidal efficacy over extended periods of time. Deep rooted perennial weeds such as bindweed and leafy spurge normally fully recover and regrow from applications of 2,4-D.
~,Z~ 0 1 However, compositions of the present invention have demonstratably better regrowth inhibition and eventu-ally completely destroy the plants. Data taken from field trials in which ~ild Mustard, Lamb's Quarter~s, Stinkweed, Smartweed, Canada Thistle, Wild Buckwheat, Cowcockle, Volunteer Rape, Tansy Mustard, Hempnettle, Prostrate Pigweed, and Redroot pigweed were present resulted in improved control.
A further advantage exhibited by composi-tion's of this invention is an increase in the amountof deposition of a herbicide in a target area using ultra low volumes from aircraft applications compared to conventional ~ethods of applying si~ilar compounds in usual amounts of water. The normal aircraft application of pesticides occurs under warm dry conditions and the resulting environmental influence produces very small droplets which move from the target area on air currents. The preferred embodi-ment of the invention results in drops with higher surface tension and a viscosity which combine to result in droplets which resist breakup between discharge from the spray nozzle and the target area.
The larger droplets which are airborne for a lesser period of time have a greater propensity to fall within the area of the target than with previous formulations.
Description of the Preferred Embodiment The preferred liquid herbicidal composition is made by preparing a liquid mixture of at least two different salts of at least one herbicidally active compound, said salts having a stable pH of no less than about 6.0 being selected from the group consist-ing of methylamine, ethylamine, isopropylamine, mono-methanolamine, monoethanolamine, monoisopropanol-~2'.~g~
1 amine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, diisopropylamine,dimethanolamine, diethanolamine, diisopropanolamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, triisopropylamine, trimethanolamine, triethanolamine, triisopropanol-amine, ammonium, sodium, potassium, and lithium saltsof herbicidally active acidic compounds selected from the group consisting of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxypropionic acid, 2,4-dichlor-ophenoxybutyric acid, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxypropionic acid, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxybutyric acid, 2,4,5-trichloro-phenoxyacetic acid, 2,3,6-trichlorobenzoic acid, 2 methoxy-3, 6-~ichlorob~nzoic acid, 2-methoxy-3, 5, 6-trichlorobenzoic acid, 4-chloro-2-oxobenzothiazolin-
3-ylacetic acid, 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid, trichloroacetic acid, 2,2-dichloropropionic acid, 3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid, methane arsonic acid, 2,3,6-trichlorophenylacetic acid and 3,6-endoxohexahydrophthalic acld. A sufficien~
quantity of polyhydric alcohol is also included in the composition to cause the product to have eutectic characteristics and thereby remain non-crystalline and at a pH of no less than about 6.0 under normal ambient conditions following application to suscept-ible flora for a period of at least six hours. Thepreferred eutectic formulation is prepared by use of a polyhydric diol having 2 to 6 carbon atoms or glycerol with best results being obtained when a glycol such as ethylene glycol, 2,3-hexane diol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentane diol, l,6-hexane diol and 2-methyl-l,2 butane diol or glycerine is employed.
Chelating agents may be added such as citric acid, lactic acid or ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid to stabilize the composition, particul-1~9~0 1 arly where water is added as a diluent that maycontain various metal or salts of metals.
Dispersing or wetting agents such as a substituted phenyl propane ligno-sulfonates may be added.
A polar solvent such as water may be added to adjus~ the concentration of the preferred formula-tion for maximum economic and biological benefit.
The concentrations of salts may vary from 10 to 90 parts by weight of one of the salts and from 10 to 90 parts by weight of a second different salt of the herbicidally active compound with preferred formulations usually being in the range of about 1 part of one salt to about 2 parts of the other salt.
A particularly preferred composition in-cludes on a parts by weight basis of 3.9 parts of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 1.7 parts of di-methylamine (40%), 0.5 part of diethanolamine (98%), .2 part of citric acid, .02 part of a substituted phenyl propane ligno-sulfonate, 1 part of ethylene glycol, and 2.6 parts of water. The pH of this composition varies from about 7.6 to about 8Ø
Typical tests as recorded herein have demonstrated ~hat this formulation when applied and exposed to ambient conditions will retain a pH exceeding 6.5 for periods up to 20 days.
A specific embodiment of the best mode of this invention is as follows:
~z~c~
_ngredient Parts by Weight Tech. 2,4-D Acid (98%) 3.9021 Dimethylamine (40%) 1.6586 Diethanolamine (98~o) 0.5292 Citric Acid 0.2100 Marasperse CB* O 0178 Ethylene Glycol 1 0000 Water 2 5742 *Substituted phenyl propane ligno-s;llfonate -- carbon black dispersion.
A composition of Formula I above was com-pared with a typical formulation of Canadian Patent No. 879,602 (hereinafter exemplified by Formula II) and a standard commercial formulatio~ of 2,4-D typic-ally used in agriculture and commerce (hereinafterexemplified by Formula III). Formula II (Code EH712-3) __ _ _ _ . _ In~redients Part _by Weight Tech. 2,4-D Acid (98%) 4.2133 Dimethylamine (40%) 1.7736 Diethanolamine (98%) 1.0075 Igepal CA-630~ 0 4163 Citric Acid 0 2082 Water 2.3481 *An alkylphenoxypoly (oxyethylene) ethanol Formula III (Code 814) . .
Ingredients Parts by Weight Dimethylamine Salt of 2,4-D Acid (98%)* 46.4 Inert Ingredients 53.6 *3.8 parts by weight of 2,4-D acid per gallon (isomer specified in accordance with AOAC Method No. 6 D01-5) ~z~ o 1 Field tests utilizing Formula I compared with Formula III were conducted on the following species:
Flora Abbrevia~ion Lamb's Quarters LQ
Stinkweed SW
Smartweed SMW
Canada Thistle CT
Wild Buckwheat WB
Cowcockle CC
Volunteer Rape VR
Prostrate Pigweed PPW
Redroot Pigweed RRPW
LOCATION: 1 WEED CONTROL RATING
Formula Rate/A VR S~ CT WB LQ
Crop: Wheat I 6.6 oz. 6 6 6 6 8 III 6 oz. 5 5 4 5 7 Untreated 0 0 0 0 0 Crop: Oats, Barley I 6.6 oz. 9 6 5 5 7 III 6 oz. 8 5 5 4 7 Untreated 0 0 0 0 O
LOCATION: 2 Crop: Barlev _ Formula Rate/A CT WB LO RRPW
I 8 oZ. 7 7 7 8 III 8 oz. 5 5 7 7 30Untreated 0 0 0 O
LOCATION: 3 Croe: Oats, Barley Formula Rate/A LQ RRPW SW WB VR CT
I 8 oz. 9 9 9 5.5 8 8 III 8 oz. 7 7 G S 7 7 Untreated 0 0 0 0 0 0 LOCATION: 4 Crop- Wheat Formula Rate/A LQ SW RRPW PPW WB CC
I 8 oz. 9 8 ~ 7 6 5 III 8 oz. 8 7 7 6 5 5 Untreated 0 0 0 0 0 0 In all of the four locations in all of the crop species the rating for all treatments for crop tolerance was 9 representing no injury from any of the applications.
In field evaluations in the control of hard to l~ill, deep rooted perennial weeds applications were made to stands of leafy spurge, Canada Thistle and field bindweed (perennial morning glory). Field data are presented in the following tables:
L fy Spurge Average No. of Stems Per Plant Formula Rate 19801981~ 1982 I 4 lb/A 73.67 7 Untreated 63.6770.333.0 ~9~o l Canada Thistle Average ~o. ot Stems Per Sq. Yd.
Formula ~ate 1980 1981 1982 1983 1 4 lb/A 176 12 2 1.2 Untreated 212 213 212 213 Field Bind Weed Average No. of Stems Per Sq. Yd.
Formula Rate 1 _ 1 _ 1982 I 3 lb/A 11 3 Un~reated 10 14 9 Studies to evaluate the pH of Formulas I, II and III above after the material had beel1 allowed to stand on glass plates under the same ambient conditions for a period of 20 day.
pH
Formula Initial Final I 7.7 6.5 II 7.5 5.0 III 8.3 5.3 Leaves from several species of plants were excised and removed to a laboratory where measured droplets of Formulas I, II and III were applied.
Observations were made at intervals during a three-day period. Necrotic areas appeared under all of the droplets from Formulas II and III under certain species in a matter of hours and in the others at least by the end of the three-day observation period, but not under the droplets of Formula I. This obser-vation confirms that Formulas II and III sufficiently damaged the epithelial and palisade cells of the plants to an extent that penetration of the herbicide would have been sufficiently inhibited to adversely affect the systemic activity of the composi~ion.
O
1 These findings relate directly to and explain the efficacy of Formula I as compared with Formula III
recorded in the tables above.
quantity of polyhydric alcohol is also included in the composition to cause the product to have eutectic characteristics and thereby remain non-crystalline and at a pH of no less than about 6.0 under normal ambient conditions following application to suscept-ible flora for a period of at least six hours. Thepreferred eutectic formulation is prepared by use of a polyhydric diol having 2 to 6 carbon atoms or glycerol with best results being obtained when a glycol such as ethylene glycol, 2,3-hexane diol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentane diol, l,6-hexane diol and 2-methyl-l,2 butane diol or glycerine is employed.
Chelating agents may be added such as citric acid, lactic acid or ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid to stabilize the composition, particul-1~9~0 1 arly where water is added as a diluent that maycontain various metal or salts of metals.
Dispersing or wetting agents such as a substituted phenyl propane ligno-sulfonates may be added.
A polar solvent such as water may be added to adjus~ the concentration of the preferred formula-tion for maximum economic and biological benefit.
The concentrations of salts may vary from 10 to 90 parts by weight of one of the salts and from 10 to 90 parts by weight of a second different salt of the herbicidally active compound with preferred formulations usually being in the range of about 1 part of one salt to about 2 parts of the other salt.
A particularly preferred composition in-cludes on a parts by weight basis of 3.9 parts of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 1.7 parts of di-methylamine (40%), 0.5 part of diethanolamine (98%), .2 part of citric acid, .02 part of a substituted phenyl propane ligno-sulfonate, 1 part of ethylene glycol, and 2.6 parts of water. The pH of this composition varies from about 7.6 to about 8Ø
Typical tests as recorded herein have demonstrated ~hat this formulation when applied and exposed to ambient conditions will retain a pH exceeding 6.5 for periods up to 20 days.
A specific embodiment of the best mode of this invention is as follows:
~z~c~
_ngredient Parts by Weight Tech. 2,4-D Acid (98%) 3.9021 Dimethylamine (40%) 1.6586 Diethanolamine (98~o) 0.5292 Citric Acid 0.2100 Marasperse CB* O 0178 Ethylene Glycol 1 0000 Water 2 5742 *Substituted phenyl propane ligno-s;llfonate -- carbon black dispersion.
A composition of Formula I above was com-pared with a typical formulation of Canadian Patent No. 879,602 (hereinafter exemplified by Formula II) and a standard commercial formulatio~ of 2,4-D typic-ally used in agriculture and commerce (hereinafterexemplified by Formula III). Formula II (Code EH712-3) __ _ _ _ . _ In~redients Part _by Weight Tech. 2,4-D Acid (98%) 4.2133 Dimethylamine (40%) 1.7736 Diethanolamine (98%) 1.0075 Igepal CA-630~ 0 4163 Citric Acid 0 2082 Water 2.3481 *An alkylphenoxypoly (oxyethylene) ethanol Formula III (Code 814) . .
Ingredients Parts by Weight Dimethylamine Salt of 2,4-D Acid (98%)* 46.4 Inert Ingredients 53.6 *3.8 parts by weight of 2,4-D acid per gallon (isomer specified in accordance with AOAC Method No. 6 D01-5) ~z~ o 1 Field tests utilizing Formula I compared with Formula III were conducted on the following species:
Flora Abbrevia~ion Lamb's Quarters LQ
Stinkweed SW
Smartweed SMW
Canada Thistle CT
Wild Buckwheat WB
Cowcockle CC
Volunteer Rape VR
Prostrate Pigweed PPW
Redroot Pigweed RRPW
LOCATION: 1 WEED CONTROL RATING
Formula Rate/A VR S~ CT WB LQ
Crop: Wheat I 6.6 oz. 6 6 6 6 8 III 6 oz. 5 5 4 5 7 Untreated 0 0 0 0 0 Crop: Oats, Barley I 6.6 oz. 9 6 5 5 7 III 6 oz. 8 5 5 4 7 Untreated 0 0 0 0 O
LOCATION: 2 Crop: Barlev _ Formula Rate/A CT WB LO RRPW
I 8 oZ. 7 7 7 8 III 8 oz. 5 5 7 7 30Untreated 0 0 0 O
LOCATION: 3 Croe: Oats, Barley Formula Rate/A LQ RRPW SW WB VR CT
I 8 oz. 9 9 9 5.5 8 8 III 8 oz. 7 7 G S 7 7 Untreated 0 0 0 0 0 0 LOCATION: 4 Crop- Wheat Formula Rate/A LQ SW RRPW PPW WB CC
I 8 oz. 9 8 ~ 7 6 5 III 8 oz. 8 7 7 6 5 5 Untreated 0 0 0 0 0 0 In all of the four locations in all of the crop species the rating for all treatments for crop tolerance was 9 representing no injury from any of the applications.
In field evaluations in the control of hard to l~ill, deep rooted perennial weeds applications were made to stands of leafy spurge, Canada Thistle and field bindweed (perennial morning glory). Field data are presented in the following tables:
L fy Spurge Average No. of Stems Per Plant Formula Rate 19801981~ 1982 I 4 lb/A 73.67 7 Untreated 63.6770.333.0 ~9~o l Canada Thistle Average ~o. ot Stems Per Sq. Yd.
Formula ~ate 1980 1981 1982 1983 1 4 lb/A 176 12 2 1.2 Untreated 212 213 212 213 Field Bind Weed Average No. of Stems Per Sq. Yd.
Formula Rate 1 _ 1 _ 1982 I 3 lb/A 11 3 Un~reated 10 14 9 Studies to evaluate the pH of Formulas I, II and III above after the material had beel1 allowed to stand on glass plates under the same ambient conditions for a period of 20 day.
pH
Formula Initial Final I 7.7 6.5 II 7.5 5.0 III 8.3 5.3 Leaves from several species of plants were excised and removed to a laboratory where measured droplets of Formulas I, II and III were applied.
Observations were made at intervals during a three-day period. Necrotic areas appeared under all of the droplets from Formulas II and III under certain species in a matter of hours and in the others at least by the end of the three-day observation period, but not under the droplets of Formula I. This obser-vation confirms that Formulas II and III sufficiently damaged the epithelial and palisade cells of the plants to an extent that penetration of the herbicide would have been sufficiently inhibited to adversely affect the systemic activity of the composi~ion.
O
1 These findings relate directly to and explain the efficacy of Formula I as compared with Formula III
recorded in the tables above.
Claims (14)
1. An aqueous liquid herbicidal composition especially adapted for aircraft application while retaining the properties of extended penetrating and systemic activity comprising:
a liquid eutectic mixture consisting essentially of at least two different salts of at least one herbicidially active compound, said salts having a stable pH of no less than about 6 and being selected from the group consisting of methylamine, ethylamine, isopropylamine, monomethanolamine, monoethanolamine, monoisopropanolamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, diisopropylamine, dimethanolamine, diethanolamine, diisopropanolamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, triisopropylamine, trimethanolamine, triethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, ammonium, sodium, potassium, and lithium salts of herbicidally active acidic compounds selected from the group consisting of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxypropionic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxybutyric acid, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxypropionic acid, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxybutyric acid, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid, 2,3,6-trichlorobenzoic acid, 2-methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzoic acid, 2-methoxy-3,5,6-trichlorobenzoic acid, 4-chloro-2-oxobenzothiazolin-3-ylacetic acid, 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid, trichloroacetic acid, 2,2-dichloropropionic acid, 3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid, methane arsonic acid, 2,3,6-trichlorophenylacetic acid and 3,6-endoxohexahydro phthalic acid; and a sufficient quantity of a polyhydric alcohol selected from the group consisting of polyhydric diols having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and glycerine which is capable of causing the liquid herbicidal composition to remain noncrystalline and exhibit a pH of no less than about 6 under normal ambient conditions following application to susceptible flora for a period of at least six hours.
a liquid eutectic mixture consisting essentially of at least two different salts of at least one herbicidially active compound, said salts having a stable pH of no less than about 6 and being selected from the group consisting of methylamine, ethylamine, isopropylamine, monomethanolamine, monoethanolamine, monoisopropanolamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, diisopropylamine, dimethanolamine, diethanolamine, diisopropanolamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, triisopropylamine, trimethanolamine, triethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, ammonium, sodium, potassium, and lithium salts of herbicidally active acidic compounds selected from the group consisting of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxypropionic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxybutyric acid, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxypropionic acid, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxybutyric acid, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid, 2,3,6-trichlorobenzoic acid, 2-methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzoic acid, 2-methoxy-3,5,6-trichlorobenzoic acid, 4-chloro-2-oxobenzothiazolin-3-ylacetic acid, 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid, trichloroacetic acid, 2,2-dichloropropionic acid, 3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid, methane arsonic acid, 2,3,6-trichlorophenylacetic acid and 3,6-endoxohexahydro phthalic acid; and a sufficient quantity of a polyhydric alcohol selected from the group consisting of polyhydric diols having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and glycerine which is capable of causing the liquid herbicidal composition to remain noncrystalline and exhibit a pH of no less than about 6 under normal ambient conditions following application to susceptible flora for a period of at least six hours.
2. A liquid herbicidal composition as set forth in Claim 1, wherein said polyhydric alcohol is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, isopropylene glycol, glycerine, 2,3-hexane diol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentane diol, 1,2-pentane diol, 1,6-hexane diol and 2-methyl-1,2 butane diol.
3. A liquid herbicidal composition as set forth in Claim 1, wherein is included a chelating agent.
4. A liquid herbicidal composition as set forth in Claim 1, wherein is included a dispersing agent.
5. A liquid herbicidal composition as set forth in Claim 1, wherein said mixture includes a quantity of water.
6. A liquid herbicidal composition as set forth in Claim 1, wherein is provided from 10 to 90 parts by weight of one of said salts and from 10 to 90 parts by weight of a second different salt of said herbicidally active compound.
7. A liquid herbicidal composition as set forth in Claim 1, wherein said herbicidally active compound is 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.
8. A liquid herbicidal composition as set forth in Claim 7, wherein one of said salts is the dimethylamine alt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.
9. A liquid herbicidal composition as set forth in Claim 8, wherein is the diethanolamine salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.
10. A liquid herbicidal composition as set forth in Claim 3, wherein said chelating agent is citric acid.
11. A liquid herbicidal composition as set forth in Claim 4, wherein said dispersing agent is a substituted phenyl propane ligno-sulfonate.
12. A liquid herbicidal composition having extended penetrating and systemic activity comprising the mixture of the dimethylamine and diethanolamine salts of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and a sufficient quantity of ethylene glycol to cause the liquid herbicidal composition to remain noncrystalline under normal ambient conditions for a period of at least six hours.
13. A liquid herbicidal composition having extended penetrating and systemic activity comprising the mixture of on a parts by weight basis of 3.9 parts of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 1.7 parts of dimethylamine (40%), .5 part of diethanolamine (98%), .2 part of citric acid, .02 part of a substituted phenyl propane ligno-sulfonate, 1 part of ethylene glycol, and 2.6 parts of water.
14. A method of controlling noxious vegetation comprising the steps of:
applying to said vegetation by aircraft an effective amount of a liquid eutectic mixture consisting essentially of at least two different salts of at least one herbicidally active compound, said salts having a stable pH of no less than about 6 and being selected from the group consisting of methylamine, ethylamine, isopropylamine, monomethanolamine, monoethanolamine, monoisopropanolamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, diisopropylamine, dimethanolamine, diethanolamine, diisopropanolamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, triisopropylamine, trimethanolamine, triethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, ammonium, sodium, potassium, and lithium salts of herbicidally active acidic compounds selected from the group consisting of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxypropionic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxybutyric acid, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxypropionic acid, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxybutyric acid, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,3,6-trichlorohenzoic acid, 2-methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzoic acid, 2-methoxy-3,5,6-trichlorobenzoic acid, 4-chloro-2-oxobenzothiazolin-3-ylacetic acid, 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid, trichloroacetic acid, 2,2-dichloropropionic acid, 3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid, methane arsonic acid, 2,3,6-trichlorophenylacetic acid and 3,6-endoxohexahydrophthalic acid, and a sufficient quantity of a polyhydric alcohol selected from the group consisting of polyhdric diols having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and glycerine which is capable of causing the liquid herbicidal composition to remain noncrystalline and exhibit of pH of no less than about 6 under normal ambient conditions following application to susceptible flora for a period of at least six hours.
applying to said vegetation by aircraft an effective amount of a liquid eutectic mixture consisting essentially of at least two different salts of at least one herbicidally active compound, said salts having a stable pH of no less than about 6 and being selected from the group consisting of methylamine, ethylamine, isopropylamine, monomethanolamine, monoethanolamine, monoisopropanolamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, diisopropylamine, dimethanolamine, diethanolamine, diisopropanolamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, triisopropylamine, trimethanolamine, triethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, ammonium, sodium, potassium, and lithium salts of herbicidally active acidic compounds selected from the group consisting of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxypropionic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxybutyric acid, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxypropionic acid, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxybutyric acid, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,3,6-trichlorohenzoic acid, 2-methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzoic acid, 2-methoxy-3,5,6-trichlorobenzoic acid, 4-chloro-2-oxobenzothiazolin-3-ylacetic acid, 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid, trichloroacetic acid, 2,2-dichloropropionic acid, 3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid, methane arsonic acid, 2,3,6-trichlorophenylacetic acid and 3,6-endoxohexahydrophthalic acid, and a sufficient quantity of a polyhydric alcohol selected from the group consisting of polyhdric diols having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and glycerine which is capable of causing the liquid herbicidal composition to remain noncrystalline and exhibit of pH of no less than about 6 under normal ambient conditions following application to susceptible flora for a period of at least six hours.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US51423983A | 1983-07-15 | 1983-07-15 | |
| US06/514,239 | 1983-07-15 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1219140A true CA1219140A (en) | 1987-03-17 |
Family
ID=24046371
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000456815A Expired CA1219140A (en) | 1983-07-15 | 1984-06-18 | Liquid herbicidal composition having extended penetrating and systemic activity |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1219140A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007147208A1 (en) * | 2006-06-23 | 2007-12-27 | Nufarm Australia Limited | Phenoxy alkanoate herbicidal composition and method of preparation and use |
| WO2019173859A1 (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2019-09-19 | Adama Australia Pty Ltd | Herbicide formulation |
-
1984
- 1984-06-18 CA CA000456815A patent/CA1219140A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007147208A1 (en) * | 2006-06-23 | 2007-12-27 | Nufarm Australia Limited | Phenoxy alkanoate herbicidal composition and method of preparation and use |
| WO2019173859A1 (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2019-09-19 | Adama Australia Pty Ltd | Herbicide formulation |
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