CA1198565A - Procedure for raising a building and an arrangement for carrying out the procedure - Google Patents

Abstract

Abstract:

The invention relates to a procedure for producing a well insulated building raised upon a foundation (2) and comprising a framework (1) with metal wall beams (3) consisting mainly of steel profiles, and wall panels (4) which are arranged between the wall beams and are made of plastic material giving good insulation against both heat and cold and consisting mainly of aerated plastic such as polyurethane. On the framework is arranged a system of joists made of similar material, and where desired further wall panels for a first floor plus roof trusses and roof.

The wall beams (3) are enclosed by the wall panels (4) which determine the necessary thickness of the wall and provide the necessary insulation as with the arranged joist system.

The insulated inner space is surrounded with the plastic material giving good insulation.

The wall beams (3) are secured to the foundation (2) and are enclosed longitudinally by the wall panels. Walls raised in this manner are made to enclose one or several inner spaces which are covered by a system of joists in the form of blocks (6) and roof trusses are secured to the wall beams or joist system blocks. The joist system blocks rest upon the framework and are secured to it with locking devices (16, 28 or 77, 78) which brace the framework or the framework is braced by means of the tie bars arranged in the roof trusses and joist system (87, 89).

Description

A BUILDING AND BUILDING S~RUCTURES

The invention relates to b~ ings. More particularly~ the invention relates to a well insulated b~ ng where the building is erected upon a foundation. The founda~ion can hereby consist of a base of reinforced concrete, a cellar or a system of ~oists, plinths or o~her permanent base.
The b~ in~ comprises a framework comprising metal uprights and wall panels of plastics material having good insulation properties against heat and cold. Said uprights being anchored to a sill a~tached ~o the founda-tion. An upper floor or ceiling comprising load bearable panels or ceilingsection blocks comprising materlal having good insulation proper~ies against heat and cold. Members are provided between two opposed walls of the ~1 ..Jrk to rigidify it.

There is a need for a b~ ;n~ which insulates the inner space from ex-ternal temperature. There is also a ~urther need to be able to reduce the cost of a b~ldin~ and of course even to reduce the now heavy cost of raising and ereeting a b~ ;n~. It is ~ell kno~n how one tries ~o meet the requirements specified when ~~ ;n~ today where one, to achieve better insulation9 applies additional insulation to the bll;l~;n~ or incre-ases the thlckness of the insulation material. Furthermore even ~h~n;cal devices are often ut;l;~ed nowadays for heat recovery~

These measures naturally can not reduce the cost of a b~ ;n~ and neither of course the cost of the ~tll;l~;n~ process9 which must therefore be con-sidered as having become more complicated despite increased prefabrication of b~ ing sections. If one has to any great extent succeeded in meeting the demands for the insulation and sealing of b~ ;ng~, one has instead, after util i71ng the buildings a while, got other problems such as ,ot and mildew, especially in b~ ;ngs of wooden construction, which in turn gi~e heavy restoration costs such as for the replacement of windows and doors and even wall beams and wall panels. Despite increased efforts with the insulation and sealing of b~ ;ng~ it has in fac~ been sho~n that the ~ .n~ are often surprisingly badly sealed, which depend3 upon the material in the ~ ngs and is accen~uated by snort buildlng tiL~æs ~rith 1 ~;ate use o~ the buildings after they are raised and al~o often due to the b~-~ldi n~s being erected during Lhe wrong time of ~he year. Wi~Ah regard to the present development within the bl~ ;n~ induslry one must pernaps realize ~hat the m~terial used ln buildings is the decisive problc~. '-lere , . . ... .... .... , . _ .. ... . . ~ . . ... ...... . . ... .. . . . ... ..... .. .. .. ... . . . .. . . . .. ....
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one ~hinks mainly of wooden members such as wooden beams and posts9 wood fibre panels and b~ ing.~ constructed of other living materials. In order to avoid these problems and mee~ the requirernents specified a new way of th;nk;ng as regards the erection of b~ ;n~ is apparently necessary.

It is prior known a ~ ;ng or more particularly a bl~ ;ng panel struc-ture comprising wall panels of plastics material being situated between pos~s consisting of tubular steel. Said panel structure is described in EP-A-0 006 756 and showing wall panels with a pair of recesses being disposed along each of the longitudinal side edges of the panels to define a tongue projectlng outwardly from a mid-~hickness region of the panel.
The panels are disposed in side by side relation with the tongues of the - respective panels being in opposed abutting relationship and the adjacen~
recesses together defining opposed grooves located at the junctions bet-ween the panels. A post or rigid framing member is disposed in each of these grooves with the opposing pairs of framing members serving to "sandwich" the abutting ~ongues of the adjacent panels therebetween. Each of the opposing ends of the pancl structure has a pair of peri~eter framing metal s~rips connec~ed to the framing members and comprising a cap and a sill respectively. Besides said panel structure forming side walls the panel structure is usable to fGrm roof and interior partitions.
l~is structure means tightening difflculties, The connections between wall panels and roof panels and all panel corners involve also tightening problems. The only thermal barrier herewith is angle members or the like of metal strips. The panel structure does not result ln a complete solu-tion of an insulated buil~i ng according to the invention, and gives no 831ution of constructing a joist, not either insulation of an inner space defining a flat.
A b~ lng in accordance with one aspect of the invention includes wall panels having recessed edges such that adjacent wall panels enclose longitudinally an upright, the adjacent wall panels abutting eacn other on the lnwardly and outwardly faclng surfaces of the upright9 a lower recessed edge of each wall panel receiving a portion of the sill to en-close the portion bet~een the panel and the foundation, an upper recessed ~, ~
~ edge of the wal], pa7etls receiving capping plates or hooking d~ices which r~s s, reacll between,lthe capping plates or hooking devices being enclosed longi-t~ Ally between respective load bearable panels or ceiling sectioll .. . ~.. . . , ,, . .. . _ , , . " . . . .. . .. .... ... . ..... . .. .... ... . .. .. .. .. . . . ... .....
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blocks and the upper recessed edges of respective wall panelss the arrange-ment being such ~hat the lnner space of the bllilr~in~ is insulated from the outside and from the uprights and sill.

S The load bearable panels form a floor of an upper room and may be formed of plastics material which may include joists per se~ in a known manner.

Members are provided between two opposed walls of the bll~ ng structure to rigidify the framework~ whereby the members comprise beams, a lo~er frame of roof trusses, a joist systemp load bearable panels, ceiling blocks or locking devi~es extending into the joist system or the ceiling, said locklng devices having a length which exceeds the distance between the said opposed walls.

Preferably, the load bearable panels or ceiling section blocks have a recessed edge, whereby a first side of the recess engages with an upper edge of a respective wall panel and a second side of ~he recess engages wlth the inward facing surface of the panel.

Preferably, the wall panels, the load bearable panels or the ceiling sec~ion blocks provide the necessary insulation of the walls and the joist system or the ceiling.

The present invention aims to remove the inconveniences with known types of ~ in~T~ èven constructed of said kno~n panel structure whilst at the same time meeting the requirements specified. Thus one starts from the principle of achieving structural precision and a b~ ing which can be built in a simple manner and in such short time that the cost of erec~ing th~ bllilrlin~ can be considerably reduced. In addition the b~ l;ng is so slmple to raise that i~ can be done by anybody, this being also facili-tated by the low weight of the structural parts of the b~ in~, requiring only the use of manual labour. Here it is also important that the frame-work of the b1lildin~ can be raised without ~he usP of any tools or compli-cated devices whatsoever, and the raising of the res~ of the bnilrlin~ ~s achieved with the aid of uncomplicated tools. The most important ~hing with this proeedure in accordance wqth the invention is perhaps that the ~ ng structure is designed w~th materials other than wood or wood based bllil~in~ ~aterials. Instead a materlal with high insulation prope-L--ties ls used extensively, and for cartain structural parts of the building a material with low or almost no conductive ability. This is combination with the ability of erecting the b~ ng with the materials in question, ~s~ gn~d in such a manner that the inner space will be tightly sealed and that heat loss by conduction can be avoided, is basic for the invention.
Ths supporting structure furthermore is designed with strong material having a low coe~ficient of thermal expansion.

~hrther preferred features and advantages will be apparent from the following ~ ry description of the invention~ whereby at the same time reference will be made to the appended diagrammatic drawings of which Fig. 1 shows diagrammatica~ly and in perspective a ~ ;ng framework, Fig. 2 shows partly in enlarged scale the upper portion of a wall accord-ing to section A-A in Fig. 1 and partly a lower portion of a wall accord-ing to ~ection B-B in Fig. 1, Fig. 3 shows a portion of a wall according to section C-C in Fig. 1 and a corner portion of a b~ ing according to section D-D in Fig~ 1, Fig. 4 shows a cross-section through a joist system according to section E-E in Fig. 2, Fig. S shows a perspective view of a portion of an upright and a sill prior to securing of the upright9 Fig~ 6 shows an upright and ~ sill when achoring the upright to th~ sill7 Fig. 7 shows a perspective view of an upper portion of an upright and parts of a capping plate prior to attachment and fixing of the capping plate, Fig. 8 shows a perspective view of an upper por~ion of a wall prior to mounting a joist system or c~;ling9 Fig. 9 shows a perspectiYe view according to Fig. 8 with the mounted joist system or ceiling, Fig. 10 shows a cross-section of part of a building~ Fig. 11 shows a par~ of a b~ ing sec~ionaccording to section F-F in Fig. 10, Fig. 12 shows diagram~atically part of an eave according to section G-G in Fig. 10, Fig. 13 shows a cross-section through part of a b~ ing with blJil~ing panels and sect~ions9 Fig. 14 shows part of a partially raised b~ ;ng, Fig. 15 shows part of a foundation on whieh a framework is raised, Fig. 16 shows ln enlarged scale part of an upright, Fig. 17 shows in enlarged scale part of an up-ri~ht and a sill prior to fittin~ of the upright to the sill, Fig. 18 shows in enlarged scale part of a hooking deviceg Flgs~ 19-21 show in vertical section part of a ~ ;ng~ Figo 22 shows in horizontal section part of a framework, Fig. 23 shows a perspective view of a framework and joist system, ~ig. 24 shows a perspective view of part of an intermediate supporting wall, Pig. 25 shows a roof truss and in perspective roof truss details, Fig~ 26 shows ~art of a roof section, celling section9 wall sec--tion and floor or joist section, Fig. 27 shows a 7'00~ truss from the side~

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Fig. 28 shows part of a tie bar, Fig~ 29 shows part of ~ roof tI~SS, and Flg. 30 shows a light upright.

Reference 1 in Fig. 1 indicates a h~ n~ f{amework where the framework is raised upon a foundation 2 consisting of e.g. a base of reinforced concrete 9 a cellar, a system of cellar joists, plinths or similar. The framework consis~s of wall panels 4 and 1~nlcln~ uprights 3 arranged in the middle of a thic~ened part 14 of the wall panel, uprights 3 in two opposite wall sections of the bl~ n~ have anchoring devices 13 for anchoring devices 13 for anchoring roof trusses 10 thereto, see also Figs. 2 and 14. The anchoring device 13 consists of flanges arranged in pairs with e.g. a hole 33 Eor fixing the anchoring device.

Uprights 3 are made of metal, preferably in the form of steel profiles while the wall panel 4 are made of plastics material giving good insu-lation from both heat and cold, and consisting preferably of aerated plastics such as polyurethane. The wall panels are provided ~lth windows, doors, ventilators, ventilation ~h~nn~ls and other wall openings as required.
Uprights 3 are anchored in the foundation 2. For this purpose the founda-tion has sills 7. As the b~ in~ and its s~ructural sections are preci sion designed and optimally prefabrica~ed, it is impor~ant ~hat sill 7 has a secure anchorage and is correctly positioned upon the foundation.
Therefore foundation 2 is provided with pla~es 17 of e.g. steel which are moulded into the foundation, see also Fig. 10. The sill is secured to foundation 2 by ~ lng to the moulded-in s~eel plates.

Figs. 15, 16 and 19 show sills 7 with ears 61. With foundations of croft9 cellar or bottom plate type on the ground having a base layer of insula-tion material the sill has tie irons 62 located in concrete 63. The bottom section 65 also has a tie iron 64 located in the concrete 63. A wall beam 66 can be arranged as reinforcement against wind loading and e~ternal pressures. When casting, the ears 61 hold the sill in posil;ion while the concrete sets. The ears can be secured wi~.h pins, nails, bolts or the equivalent o7. If a base with insulation underneath is utilized, or during cold weather, sill 7 car. be secured by bolts or the equivalent through he ears 61.

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s Sill 7 for an inner supporting wall 44 can be attached to ~he founda~ion in a similar manner9 see Figs. 21 and 24. Bottom connecting section 65 is anchored with tie irons 64 to the concrete 63 and oan be hooked into rein-forcement 68 ln foundation 2. Sill 7 h~re consists of a horizon~al U-profile, preferably with ears 61. The uprights have a groove or recess 69and can be slid onto the sill to lie against the adjacent wall panel 4 and in~o its groove 70, then the next wall panel wi~h a groove ls itted in~o the wall beam to encloxe the upright between the two panel edgesO

Fig. 20 shows the joining of bottom section 65 and an intermediate wall71. Here, two Y-shaped plates 72 are attached to the ~oint and e.g. V-shaped tie irons 73 a}e inser~ed through joint section 72 and rll~ed into the concrete.

Fig. 17 shows ~hat uprights 3 can be provided with protruding ears 75 with which the upright can be anchored to the sill 7.

With further reference to Fig. 5 is seen the shape of the lower part of an upright 3 and a sill 7. The upright has an aperture 23 so ~hat it can be plaeed astride the sill. Furthermore there is shown an anchoring device 25 on the upright in the form of a hook which is intended to enter the hole 27 in the ~sill. To facilitate hooking-in of the upright its 3ower edge is rounded of, see reerence 26. By means oif ~his design the up-right can be anchored to the foundation without the aid of tools. The hook is entered into the sill by l~nlng the upright toward the sill and there-af~er raising it against a previously positioned adjacent wall panel which the upright is to secure. For locking the upright the hook can have an upright tongue 31 which is inserted into another hole 29 in the sill.

Wall panel 4 situated between two uprights 3 has a recess in the ~oint edge 15 thereof whereby two adjacent wall panels are arranged to enclose an upright longitudinally9 see Figs. 3, 14. 15 ar.d 22. Furthermore the lower edge of the wall has an aperture 24, see Fig. ]0 and 21, whereby the wall panel can sit astride the sill 7. To ensure sealing between the lower edge of the wall panel and the foundation, a sealing stri~ 51 of e.g. aerated plastic can be placed on each side of th~ sill prior to mounting the upright. As can be seen in Fig. 2 a space 52 arises bet~een the inner surface of wall panel and the foundation. This space can be filled with e.g. sealing com~und of polyes~er or similar material and can 7 ~ 5~

be carried out e.g. in connection wlth floor levelling. ReEerence 53 shows diagrammatically that the foundation can be provided with heating coils.

The up~er edge of wall panel 4 has a recess 18, see Figs. 81 14 and 15~S for receiving capping plate 8 or hookin~ device 74. In Fig. 7 it can be seen that capping plate 8 ls arranged for connection with other adjacent or closely si~uated uprights by means of the aperture or hole 30 as shown.
The ends of capping plate 8 are connec~ed by insertion into openings 30 and are locked together with locking pin 32, in th~ form of a shackle9 in holes 36. As can be seen in Fig. 7 upright 3 has no anchoring device 13, i.e. this upright is intended for use in a wall not having roof trusses raised upon it.

The capplng plate also shows attaching device 28 sonsisting of a hole whereby the attaching device is intended for a~tachment of load bearable panel or joist system 6 or ceiling to the framework. The load bearable panel or joist system or ceiling are mainly designed as panels or blocks and consist of plastics material giving good insulation preferably of the same type as for wall panels 4. Panels or blocks are therefore provided with protruding pins 16, see Fig. 2, for location of the panel or block and ~ith which the pins are brought into engagement with the attaching device 28 when mounting the block so that it rests on the free edge of the framework and inner supporting walls 44 where such are available9 see Fig. 13. The splne ~all has a similar connection where the ~-~o locating

2; pins meet~ The joist system rigidifies the framework 1.

With reference to Figs. 14 and 15, a hooking device 74 can be arranged in the upper edge recess 18 in the wall panel 4, see also Fig. 18. The hooking device reaches into the recess 18 between two adjacent uprights 3 to nook into the uprigh~s. A hooking device 45, see Fig. 14, is arranged at the corner of the building to reach from the adjacent upright in the first wall and around the connec~ing wall panel in ~he other wall.

Fig. 23 shows how a joist system block 6 is comlected to an upright 3 or to upright 3 when a roof truss 10 is no~ to be attached to an upright ~Jith flanges 13. A hook 77 is hereby u~ilized preferabl-y shaped as a ~igure S.
One end of the hook is entered into an aperture 78 in the uprîght and is then folded back against and around the joist system panel or block and is thereafter secured with a pin 79 or a hook, bent and punched out of hook material, or some similar device. The joist system is anchored via hook, upright and sill to the foundation. In ~he joist system panel or block a ~roove 76 is provided into which is fitted a male ~oist 9 or lower frame of a roof truss 10, when the roof section is arranged. Thereafter a new jois~ system panel or block is arranged with its groove located around the lower member of the roof truss. New roof sections with grooves are arrang-ed connecting to the rem~inlng roof truss members and enclose the roof trusses between the roo sectlons. A tie bar 87 is inserted into the base or tie beam of the roof tm ss 9 (male joist) and holds ~he roof truss strongly together.

Pigs. 25 and 27 show a roof truss and roof section plus the aforementioned tie bar. By means of roof truss sections 81-85 and connecting plate 86, roof truss 10 ls erected and strongly secured with tie bar 87, whereby the roof truss and roof is made rigidO Tie bar 87 reaches in through the joist 9 in roof truss 10 and wlth the aid of anchor plate 88 and nuts 89 is drawn tight and holds the roof truss and roof sectlon securely.

Roof trusses 10 or truss sections 81-85 can in general consist of thin plate with reinforcing plates 90. Upright 91 for inte~ te walls can ins~ead consis~ of U or Z shaped metal profiles covered wqth some other material e.g. block units of plastics material as previously mentioned.
Hereby i9 achieved a ra~ional superstructure with gables a~d roof section 80 which can be produced with both inside and outside surfaces ready for use, i.e. the outside weather resistant and the inside e.g. as a ready painted ceiling.

For flat roofs, roof trusses 10 or male jois~ 9 can be attached with flanges 13 protruding from wall beams 3O
In Fig. 3 is showna comer pillar 5 which is connected to an adjacent wall panel 4 and uprights 3. The free upper edge of the cornerpillar in the framework is provided with a plate 56 having a locking function.

In Fig. 4 is shown a cross-section through two erected ~oist system~ 6 according to section E-E in Fig. 2~ and it can be seen here that the panel or block has a recess against the adjacent panel or block which, when both blocks are placed together form a recess 19 toward the inner space, see also Fig. g. In this recess is fi~ted the lo~r fra~e 9 of a roor truss 10 .~

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For mounting the lower frame the recess can be filled with e.g. polyure-thane compound or some other compound after which the frarne ic placed in the recess. Member 9 or beam locks the joist system panel or block 6 and furthermore holds the opposite outer walls or parallel situated walls mutually secured, i.e. the lower frame or beam locks the walls in the framework 1, see arrows 11 in Fig. 1~

The aor~ oned sills 7, capping plates 8, members 9 and roof trusses lO are rnade of metal e.g. metal proflles such as square steel profilesO
As previously sta~ed uprigh~s 3 can also be produced in square profiles.

The inner space of the firs~ floor of a h~ ing is surrounded by joist systems, gables9 pitched roof secti~ns, St~n~; n~ block ~ections and/or ce;l~n~ sections, or at least those parts of gables and sections which face toward and limit the insulated inner space 40, see e.g. Fig. 13.
Gables9 blocks and sections are therefore made of plastics rnaterial giving good insulation, preferably of the sort of which the aforrm^ntlo-ned wall panels and joist system panels or blocks are ~ade. The necessary th;~knPss and the necessary insulation of the b~ ;ng is achieved by means of plastlc wall panels 4 and preferably3 where applicable, jois~
system panels or blocks 6 and preferably, where applicable9 gables and even for first floors in ~ inzq with arrangemen~s of standing block sections 37, pitched roo sections 38 and ceiling sections 39. These blocks, gables and sections are self-supporting by means of which the required sealing and insulation is obtained due to the material properties and its low conductive ability. In addition the blocks9 gables and sec-tions give the necessary wall and roof thicknesses and therefore can e.g.
wall panels 4 and even joist system panels or blocks 6, on one or bo~h sides9 be produced in material with an external wall surface or an inner wall surface e.g. a ceiling or floor surface with suitable shape or pattern. The surfaces of blocks9 gables and sections can therefore be produced in finished condition and can thereby be designed so that they are ready for painting, wallpapering etc. or present a complete decorated surface. This can be achieved by producing them in a single mou1ded mate-rial which in itself, through choice of material9 contains the necessaryproper~ies. Due to the self-supporting design a large choice is obtained for pl~nning inner spaces and it can be mentioned that inner supporting ~alls 44 and other inner walls~ freely posltionable can be produced in the afore~-ntioned plastics material, but here one does not need to take in~o _ _ _ .. _ ., . , ... . .. ~, _ .... .. ... _ . ., _ . . . ... _, .. . .... .. .. .. ., . . .......... , .. ,, _ . ,, .. _.. ..
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consideration insulation when dime-nsioning the inner wallsO As a further example it can be seen in Fig. 3 that corner pillar 5 is provided with decoration 55.

A supporting inner wall 44 can be arranged in the building positioned for the support of joist systems 6. For the erection of other inner walls 71 the ceiling can be provided with e.g. a border, a pipe or other similar items whereby the upper edge of the intermediate wall has an equivalent recess 47 which straddles the ceiling border.
Gables and sections in the b~ ;ng's first floor are designed to enclose surrounding and adjacent roof truss parts or at least to enclose these parts of roof trusses which face the insulated inner space 40. Therefore where blocks and sections occur for limiting the inner space of ~he build-ing's first floor, they are designed with block joint edges for receivingor enclosing connecting parts of roof trusses. In those cases where gables9 and gables together with connecting blocks and sections, arise9 they have a recess 76 for receiving connecting roof trusses, i.e. at that side of gables which facP the inner space there are recesses for receiving at least those parts of roof trusses bordering onto the insulated inner space.
Gables and ~ in~ sections on the first floor of the b~ ing can even be provided with doors, windows, ventilation rh~nnPl~ ventilators, hatches, attic windows and other items which are directly ~oulded in the ~ ing material. Gables9 blocks and sections provide the required thick-ness and the necessary insulation.

In Figs. 10 and 12 the erecting device 20 is shown consisting of e~g. anL-shaped laminated unit with a protruding flange 21. The erecting devices 20 are arranged in pairs and include an attachment for a prefabricated eave 22 or part of an eave. Here the eave is designed as a female connec-tor, i.e. with a recess or groove by means of which the eave or part or an eave can be a~tached to the erecting device 20 via the female connec-~ion. Consequently the eave with its recess can be slid into the protru-ding flange 21 of the erecting flange. The eave can herewith be designed to at least in~ de a fixing for gutter suspension or similar de~ices.

In a typical method of achieving such a wall insulated building includes consequently ~he ~1tilization or the aforementioned material or similar ~lil~ing sections. The foundation is prepared with a sill~ The prefabri-cated buil~in~ parts for theframework are easily erec~ed r~mlally wherebythe uprights are anchored to the founda~ion. A wall panel is anchored to the foundation and made to connect with an upright at its edge. A second upright is anchored to the foundation and is connected to the erected wall S panel's edge thus fixing the wall panel~ A second wall panal is tben an-chored to the foundation and connected with the second upright etc. The framework is built up in this manner until the las~ wall panel for~ing the horiæontal extent of the b~ in~ is anchored to the foundation. The last wall panel is anchored to the foundation with its edge connected with the first raised upright. Alternatively, the last wall panel can be connected to the last upright and ~he first upright with a hooking device. Walls thus ra:Lsed and any posslble inner walls are provided with capping plates or hooking devices, and joist system blocks are posi~ioned and engaged ~ith walls or uprights and rest upon the walls9 and where applicable on inner supporting walls.

In those cases where the ~ ;ng is to have a first floor, a -first roof joist or tie and a first gable are erected for connection to the joist or at least to a part thereofO The joist system or floor is provided wi~h guide strips, if such are missing, where the inner space of the first floor is to have st~n~in~ blocks, it is connected to the gable or at least part of the roof ~russ. Where applicable pitched roof sections and ceiling sections are erected against standing block sections connected to the gable and erected roof truss, which hereby at least partly borders the inner space surrounded by gables and sections. Hereafter is erected a second roof t m ss connected to the aforementioned sections etc. in order to complete erection of the first floor's inner space with connection of the other gable section to the las~ erec~ed roof truss.

Raising of the roof and roof trusses for a gable roof is preferably don2 as previously described with roof truss parts 81-869 roof sections 80 and tie bars 87.

In accordance with a special construction the ceiling sections, pitched roof sections, or ceilings and pitched roof sections connec~ed ~o standing blocks are erected with a first bloc~ edge joint connected to an erected roof tm ss whereafter the ceiling or pitched roof section is anchored to the roof truss or, by means of a connecting device 60 brought into comlec-tion with the erected gable, roof truss and section. When u~ -ing such i~, . _ . . . , ,.. .. _ _ . ._ . . _ ,, .. . .. , . .. , .. _, . .. .

connecting devices a simple tool can be used.

~hen erecting a particular roof, its roof sec~ions can be made of plastic insulating material in ques~ion as also the nock tiles S0.

When c~lc~ ting and preparing a trial pro~ect for a two floor private house a concrete foundation was chosen. The *hickness of the wall sections was 150 ~n made of polyurethane wlth ~ = 0.017, Mi ~ MU = 0.20, Kw =
0.13. l~le foundation was provided with a thin levelllng of cement and w~s la~d upon a 70 mm thick ground layer of mineral wool. The joist system block had a rigidifying effect due to the protruding pins which engage with the capp1ng plate. The block was of polyurethane with a ~h-ickn~R~ of 300 mm and ;~ = 0.017, Mi ~ Mu = 0.3t Kw = 0.06. The walls against the pitched roof and male joist system had a thickness and other properties similar to the aforementioned ioist block system. The trial project has shown that it is hardly necessary to provide any addi~ional heating as the insulation and sealing are so good that one should only requirc heating to give additional heat durlng e~Ll~ - weather conditions. The bu~ n~
is designed for ch~nic~1 ventilation. By ut.il-i7.~ng a hea~ recovery unit it should be possible to meet the entire heating requirement.

When using the ~ ing in accordance with the in~ention in coun~ries with warm climates, a pleasant and normal inner temperature is obtainable in a simple manner with less energy consumption for the addition of cold alr to the inner space of the b~ i n~ .

Without exceeding the invention principles, modififations to the procedure and devices may be possible~ Thus the ~ ing can have other designs, size1 floor layout and roof angle and other roofs. It is also possible from other view points than that shown and described to complement the ~ ng structure with several floors. Wall beams and other supporting parts of the framework can be included in wall panels and sections thereby constituting a reinforcement or a framework which can be moulded into ~he blocks and sections, and for wall panels the framework can protrude fro~n the lower and upper edges of the wall panels for anchorage to a foundatior or to permit continuation of the ~li1fl~ng above the ground floor. Th2 ~l~lflln~ is initially intended to maintain existing module di~ensions for b~ ing~ and as an example its roof trusses can be restricted ~o 1200 ~n.
There is therefore no reason to deviate from existing bui1fl1ng standarcls ' ``

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l, as regards ~; n~ions, strength, insulation and sealing. The foundation itself can be of any suitable type and can consist e.g. of blocks filled with concrete. Likewise the floor on the foundation or cellar joist system can utilize sections made of the plastics material in question, produced with desired pattern and ornamentation. There is, however, free choice in the utilization of other floor, roof and wall coverings as also with the suraces of panelsg plates, wallpaper, paint etc. If special external faca-des are required e.g. as shown in Figs. 10, 19 and 22 reference 57, a brick wall can be kuil~, preferably ~ith a ventilating air space 58 bet-ween the facade and the framework. The air space can be 20 mm whilst thebrick facade can have a thickness of e.g. 120 mm. The founda~ion can even be provided with an edge lnsulation 12 e.g. of lightweight concre~e with a thickness of 100 mm. Even other roof and roof coverings can oE course be utilized, but in accordance with the exemplary embodiment the roof is provided with roof sections of the plastic material in question. Here an air space 59 is arranged between the roof and the pitched roof. In Fig. 13 is shown a securing device or equivalent e.g. in the form of a hole pas-sing through the roof and sections for anchoring, or a connecting device for diametr~l connect~on of the upper part of the b~ ng or gables and inte1 -~;ately situated ~ ; n~ sections. Thus the invention is limited only by the accompanying claims.

Claims (25)

Claims:

1. A building erected upon a foundation and comprising a framework comris-ing metal uprights and wall panels of plastics material having good insula-tion properties against heat and cold, said uprights being anchored to a sill attached to the foundation, an upper floor or ceiling comprising load bearable panels or ceiling section blocks comprising material having good insulation properties against heat and cold, wherein members are provided between two opposed walls of the framework to rigidify it, characterized in that the wall panels have recessed edges such that adjacent wall panels enclose longitudinally an upright, the adjacent wall panels abutting each other on the inwardly and outwardly facing surfaces of the upright, a lower recessed edge of each wall panel receiving a portion of the sill to enclose the portion between the panel and the foundation, an upper recessed edge of the wall panels receiving capping plates or hooking devices which reach between uprights, the capping plates or hooking devices being enclosed longitudinally between respective load bearable panels or ceiling section blocks and the upper recessed edges of respective wall panels, the arrange-ment being such that the inner space of the building is insulated from the outside and from the uprights and sill.

2. A building in accordance with patent claim 1, characterized in that the members extending between the two opposed walls comprise beams, a lower frame of roof trusses, a joist system, load bearable panels, ceiling blocks or locking devices extending into the joist system or the ceiling, the locking devices having a length which exceeds the distance between the said opposed walls.

3. A building in accordance with patent claim 1, characterized in that the load bearable panels or ceiling section blocks have a recessed edge, whereby a first side of the recess engages with an upper edge of a respect-ive wall panel and a second side of the recess engages with the inward facing surface of the panel.

4. A building in accordance with patent claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the wall panels, the load bearable panels or the ceiling section blocks provide the necessary insulation of the walls and the joist system or the ceiling.

5. A building in accordance with patent claim 1, characterized in that the building having an upper floor showing roof trusses, at least those parts of the roof trusses which are adjacent an inner space of the building are enclosed by applicable gables, standing block sections, pitched ceiling or roof sections and/or ceiling or roof sections or enclosed at least by those parts of gables and sections which face insulated inner space and which gables and sections are made of a plastics material giving good insulation against both heat and cold.

6. A building in accordance with patent claim 5, characterized in that said gables and sections provide the necessary insulation and the necessary wall and joist system and ceiling and roof thicknesses.

7. A building in accordance with patent claim 1 or 5, characterized in that a wall panel and/or in applicable cases a gable and a roof has a window, door, ventilator, venthole or duct, shutter or other wall or ceiling or roof opening.

8. A building in accordance with patent claim 1, characterized in that the capping plates or the hooking devices reach between and engage with adja-cent pairs of uprights.

9. A building in accordance with patent claim 1, characterized in that the capping plates consist of a metal profile and have engaging devices for engaging with a load bearable panel or a ceiling section block, whereby the joist system or ceiling rigidifies or stiffens the framework.

10. A building in accordance with patent claim 9, characterized in that the load bearable panels or the ceiling section blocks have protruding pins or corresponding engagement means, which project into engaging devices of the capping plates, the engaging devices being formed as holes.

11. A building in accordance with patent claim 1 and 2, characterized in that joining parts of the capping plates or the hooking devices are firmly connected with respective uprights or beams or lower frames of roof trusses where provided.

12. A building in accordance with patent claim 1, characterized in that the load bearable panels or ceiling section blocks have shaped grooves for receiving beams, lower frames of roof trusses or locking devices, whereby the beams, said lower frames or locking devices being arranged to hold said opposed walls in a mutually fixed position.

13. A building in accordance with patent claim 1, 2 or 12, wherein locking devices are provided, characterized in that the locking devices extend into the lower frames of roof trusses and lock the load bearable panels or the ceiling section blocks to rigidify the framework.

14. A building in accordance with patent claim 1, characterized in that the sill is firmly anchored in the foundation and forms a positioning device for the wall panels and for the raising of the building.

15. A building in accordance with patent claim 1 or 14, characterized in that the uprights are provided with an anchoring device by means of which the uprights are secured to the sill and with which the uprights can be located when being raised.

16. A building in accordance with patent claim 1, characterized in that the uprights have fastening devices for fastening to the roof trusses.

17. A building in accordance with patent claim 16, characterized in that the fastening devices comprise one or two flanges protruding from the upright.

18. A building in accordance with patent claim 2 or 16, characterized in that the lower frames of the roof trusses are connected with fastening devices on the uprights, whereby two opposed walls are held in a mutually fixed position and whereby the walls of the framework are locked.

19. A building in accordance with patent claim 2, characterized in that said lower frames are connected by a respective roof truss by means of mounting devices.

20. A building in accordance with patent claim 1, having roof trusses having lower frames connected therein by mounting devices, characterized in that the mounting devices are formed as disc-shaped units, for example in the shape of an L, and have a protruding flange, whereby the mounting devices are arranged in pairs and include an attachment for a prefabricated eave.

21. A building in accordance with patent claim 20, characterized in that each eave is a pre-formed unit and is arranged to be attached to the mount-ing devices by means of a cassette-setting, whereby each eave has holders for suspending gutters or similar devices.

22. A building in accordance with patent claim 1, having roof trusses, characterized in that each roof truss consists of several parts which are arranged to form a roof truss, whereby the roof truss is held securely together with a tightening tie bar which reaches into and through a lower frame of the roof truss.

23. A building in accordance with patent claim 2 or 22, characterized in that the locking device is a tightenable tie bar having an anchor plate for fastening a prefabricated eave.

24. A building in accordance with patent claim 1 or 5, characterized in that applicable gables where provided or the gables together with joined blocks and sections have a recess receiving an adjoining roof truss, whereby the recess in the gable faces toward the inner space.

25. A building in accordance with patent claim 1, characterized in that at least one side of a wall panel is shaped in the material of the external surface of an outer wall or the internal surface of an inner wall having a suitable shape or pattern.